FCLLI_09

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FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM
LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat movement
Lesson 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat generation
FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
-to establish the influence of the cultural revolution in literature and society
-to recognize the importance of the beat generation in American literature.
Lesson 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat generation
FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
What´s the general definition of the countercultural of the 1960s?
The counterculture of the 1960s refers to a cultural event that mainly developed in the United States and United Kingdom and spread throughout much of the western world between 1960 and 1973. The movement gained momentum during the U.S. government's extensive military intervention in Vietnam. As the 1960s progressed, widespread tensions developed in American society that tended to flow along generational lines regarding the war in Vietnam, race relations, sexual mores, women's rights, 
Lesson 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat generation
FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
 traditional modes of authority, experimentation with psychoactive drugs, and differing interpretations of the American Dream. New cultural forms emerged, including the pop music of the British band The Beatles and the concurrent rise of hippie culture, which led to the rapid evolution of a youth subculture that emphasized change and experimentation. In addition to the Beatles, many songwriters, singers and musical groups from the United Kingdom and America came to impact the counterculture movement. 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRJ7pmif9Dc counter culture 
Lesson 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat generation
FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
 What was the importance of the 1960s?
 If the World Wars defined the first half of the twentieth century, the sixties defined the second half, providing the pivot on which modern times have turned. From popular music to individual liberties, the tastes and convictions of the Western world are. Let ´s see some of the movements which appeared in the 1960s.
The American Civil Rights Movement, a key element of the larger Counterculture movement, involved the use of applied nonviolence to assure that equal rights guaranteed under the U.S. Constitution would apply to all citizens. Many states illegally denied many of these rights to African Americans, and this was successfully addressed in the early and mid-1960s in several major nonviolent movements.
Lesson 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat generation
FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
	 In Trafalgar Square, London in 1958, in an act of civil disobedience, 60000–100000 protesters made up of students and pacifists converged in what was to become the “ban the Bomb” demonstrations.
Opposition to the Vietnam War began in 1964 on United States college campuses. Student activism became a dominant theme among the baby boomers, growing to include many Americans. Exemptions and deferments for the middle and upper classes resulted in the induction of a disproportionate number of poor, working-class, and minority registrants. Countercultural books such
Lesson 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat generation
FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Countercultural books such as MacBird by Barbara Garson and much of the counterculture music encouraged a spirit of non-conformism and anti-establishmentarianism. By 1968, the year after a large march to the United Nations in New York City and a large protest at the Pentagon were undertaken, a majority of Americans opposed the war.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sF__TRVD3dQ&feature=related 
Counter culture- interviews
Lesson 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat generation
FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The role of women as full-time homemakers in industrial society was challenged in 1963, when American feminist Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, giving momentum to the women's movement and influencing what many called Second-wave feminism. Other activists, such as Gloria Steinem and Angela Davis, either organized, influenced, or educated many of a younger generation of women to endorse and expand feminist thought.
Lesson 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat generation
FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
This aspect of the counterculture, the hippies, rejected active political engagement with the mainstream and, following the dictate of Timothy Learyto "Turn on, tune in, drop out", hoped to change society by dropping out of it. Looking back on his own life (as a Harvard professor) prior to 1960, Leary interpreted it to have been that of "an anonymous institutional employee who drove to work each morning in a long line of commuter cars and drove home each night and drank martinis ....like several million middle-class, liberal, intellectual robots."
Lesson 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat generation
FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The beat generation and its influence over the 1960s movements
The beat generation was one of the largest cultural movements of the twentieth century. What started off as a literary phenomenon soon progressed to a life-changing attitude for thousands of people around the world. It embraced originality and individuality in the way people thought and acted. The beat generation threw out the old rules of literature, music, sex and religion, and its effects are still felt in the world today.
Most people regard the writer Jack Kerouac as the king of the beats. It was Kerouac who coined the phrase beat, by proclaiming that his was a Beat Generation. There are a few notions available about 
Lesson 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat generation
FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
what inspired Kerouac to use this particular phrase, but beat refers at least in part to beatific and beautiful. Kerouac and poet Allen Ginsberg, along with the writer William Burroughs, formed the nucleus of the beat generation - a group of people who broke the mold and changed writing forever.
Kerouac and his group scoured Times Square in New York, looking for new experiences. They sought out drugs, girls, booze, crazy people and crazy situations. Kerouac was the author of the bible of the beat generation, On the Road, published in 1957, the tale of two free spirits seeking 
Lesson 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat generation
FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
adventure while riding across, and questioning, the heart of America. It was his spontaneous prose that turned the book into a breathless roller coaster ride that still inspires people today.
The beat generation was really a response to the Second World War that had just ended. Questions arose about the old way of life and social rules that people were supposed to adhere to. A lot of the questions that the beats asked were greeted with court trials and the attempted banning of their material. Ginsberg’s and Burrough’s literature was subject to bans. One of Ginsberg’s most famous poems, Howl, still cannot be played on daytime American radio.
Lesson 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat generation
FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The beat generation was not questioning society, authority and its rules just for the sake of it. As Dylan sang, the times they are a changing. People were crying out for something new at the time. There was a new sense of freedom after the war, and the beat generation led the way in exploring it.
By the late 1960s, the beat generation had all but imploded. Stick-on beatnik beards were being sold in shops, and the hippies had arrived to take on the mantle of the beats. Kerouac died in 1969 after disassociating himself from the
beats. Ginsberg, Burroughs, Neal Cassady, Gregory Corso and many other writers and leading lights, male and female, from the era are gone.
Lesson 9: The Cultural Revolution and the beat generation
FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The legacy that the beat generation gave to the world is not just found in books. On the Road is still one of the most popular books of all times, but it is the free thinking, always questioning credo that the beats will be remembered for. If one person is still questioning an unfair rule or daring to create an original thought, that is where the spirit of the beat generation lives on.
On the road http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUzklNReJbs