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FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula de Revisão 2
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Review of the main points from the
 contents of lessons 5 to 10.
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
The Romantic movement in America
influenced by the romantic movement in western European literature
first appeared in the United States when the country was just becoming culturally self-conscious
represented a revolt against political and religious authority and a subsequent revolt against reason
the movement was quickly adapted
-a continental United States was being formed and its newly found sense of patriotism made the movement especially appealing
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
The Romantic Movement was a huge social influence which created not only the myth of pioneering, but the pioneer himself.
Let´s take a look now at a video which reviews American literature, Art and Music in the 1800s
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8dj6WXaSHw (5.41s)
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
The transcendentalists intended to make a complete break with tradition and custom, and adopted individualism and self-reliance, trusting the instinctive ideas that appeared in their minds. That is, the transcendental movement showed concomitant interest in education, temperance, abolitionism, women ´s rights and emigration to new countries. Therefore, this movement represented the positive and optimistic side of American Romanticism, which brought new life to American thought. Transcendenlalism was a complex response to the democratization of American life, the rise of science, the new technology, the new industrialism and to the new relationship of man to Nature.
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
(Self-Reliance) There is a time in every man's education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide; that he must take himself for better, for worse, as his portion; 
Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string. Accept the place the divine providence has found for you, the society of your contemporaries, the connection of events. Great men have always done so, and confided themselves childlike to the genius of their age, betraying their perception that the absolutely trustworthy was seated at their heart, working through their hands, predominating in all their being. And we are now men, and must accept in the highest mind the same transcendent destiny; and not minors and invalids in a protected corner, not cowards fleeing before a revolution, but guides, redeemers, and benefactors, obeying the Almighty effort, and advancing on Chaos and the Dark. 
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
Society is a joint-stock company, in which the members agree, for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty and culture of the eater. The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its aversion. It loves not realities and creators, but names and customs. 
It is easy to see that a greater self-reliance must work a revolution in all the offices and relations of men; in their religion; in their education; in their pursuits; their modes of living; their association; in their property; in their speculative views. 
 A political victory, a rise of rents, the recovery of your sick, or the return of your absent friend, or some other favorable event, raises your spirits, and you think good days are preparing for you. Do not believe it. Nothing can bring you peace but yourself. Nothing can bring you peace but the triumph of principles. 
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
 How did yellow journalism affect the US at the turn of the 20th century?
1. It started the Spanish American war, that was the biggie... but it influenced politics through out, changed policy, and completely changed the newspaper business. As you know by now, a good press, with good information is key to having a good democracy, but this did not happen while yellow journalism was going down and the public was lead to believe what the newspapers lead them to believe... same as it ever was I guess, but there is something sinister about yellow journalism vs "objective" journalism (I put "objective in quotes b/c nothing is truely objective, but you can get close.). Yellow Journalism tends to be more of a lap dog than a watch dog, and if it is a watch dog its drumming up paranoia about the opposition...  
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 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
2. yeah. Cable News; especially FOXNews, Tabloids, some documentaries, some blogs. A good example is the second Iraq War. That was a PR stunt fr War which the newspaper was more of a lad dog than a watch dog. When the "pundits" went on TV debating the war there was always 2 fr the war and 1 against or 3 fr and 2 against... a good doc about it is "OutFoxed", PBS also had one about where Phil Donahue was complaining about this, the state dept told MSNBC he had to have a 2:1 ration and couldn't ask hard questions and they went with it. 
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
Light in August by Faulkner
Throughout a career spanning nearly four decades, William Faulkner earned and enjoyed one of the most esteemed reputations of any twentieth-century novelist. Born in New Albany, Mississippi, in 1897, he is best known for a series of seminal novels that explore the South’s historical legacy, its fraught and often tensely violent present, and its uncertain future. These major works include the novels The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930),Light in August (1932), and Absalom, Absalom! (1936), all set in Faulkner’s fictional Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi. 
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
 	Faulkner was particularly interested in the moral implications of history, depicting a time in which the South was emerging from the Civil War and Reconstruction and attempting to shake off the stigma of slavery. He portrays the South’s residents as being caught in competing and evolving modes, torn between a new and an older, more tenaciously rooted world order. Religion and politics frequently fall short of their implied goals of providing order and guidance and serve only to complicate and divide. Meanwhile, society—a repressive if not asphyxiating entity, with its gossip, judgment, and harsh pronouncements—conspires to thwart the desires and ambitions of individuals struggling to unearth and embrace their identities. Across Faulkner’s fictional landscapes, individual characters often stage epic struggles, prevented from realizing their potential or establishing and asserting a firm sense of their place in the world. 
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
Howl
_Howl_ broke away not only from poetic literary traditions, but also from the constraints of the "silent generation." It was as if Ginsberg's _Howl_ was meant to be heard by everyone,-- including the society that it criticized. The public was not startled by what Ginsberg was saying in the poem, as much as by the words that he chose in saying it. The public obscenity trial pushed _Howl_ into mainstream popular culture, and changed the way people read and thought about poetry 
It wasn't until the sixties and seventies that _Howl_ broke through the literary resistance and became viewed as one of the great poems of modern American poetry. By this time _Howl_ was no longer media hype and critics decided to look at the special qualities that made it an original and extraordinary poem. In
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 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
"How I Hear Howl", George Bowering explicates the poem, and
discusses how the three parts are constructed in such a way as to revolve around the central unifying theme of the modern day
Moloch. The Moloch represents the modern day monster which is symbolic of Time. "Section 1 of "Howl" shows portraits of people the poet knows, caught in the eye of Time" ( Bowering 372) "At the same time the martyrs demonstrate against the other oppressions, money & academy, prisons where not criminals but children are locked up, bent, warped, and trained to pass thru the sacrifice fires of Moloch (373). 
In "Out of the Vietnam Vortex", James Mermann recognizes "Howl" as an anti-war poem, and states, "It is readily clear that Ginsberg
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
has no specific war in mind except the inevitable one that must come again and again to the culture that he describes; and it is clear that he sees the daily experience of living in that ambiance as a war against the spirit."(Mersmann 56) Although it is obvious that _Howl_ is dependent on the zeitgest, it is interesting to see the poem fit in to each decade over and over again. 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vvzyPMa82I Howl: 2:37
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 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
On the Road Quotes (showing 1-50 of 204)
“the only people for me are the mad ones, the ones who are mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything at the same time, the ones who never yawn or say a commonplace thing, but burn, burn, burn like fabulous yellow roman candles exploding like spiders across the stars.”  ― Jack Kerouac, On the Road
tags: freethinker, inspirational, mad
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 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
“Nothing behind me, everything ahead of me, as is ever so on the road.”  ― Jack Kerouac, On the Road
“There was nowhere to go but everywhere, so just keep on rolling under the stars.” ― Jack Kerouac, On the Road: The Original Scroll
“Boys and girls in America have such a sad time together; sophistication demands that they submit to sex immediately without proper preliminary talk. Not courting talk — real straight talk about souls, for life is holy and every moment is precious.” ― Jack Kerouac, On the Road 
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
“The best teacher is experience and not through someone's distorted point of view”  ― Jack Kerouac, On the Road 
“I woke up as the sun was reddening; and that was the one distinct time in my life, the strangest moment of all, when I didn't know who I was - I was far away from home, haunted and tired with travel, in a cheap hotel room I'd never seen, hearing the hiss of steam outside, and the creak of the old wood of the hotel, and footsteps upstairs, and all the sad sounds, and I looked at the cracked high ceiling and really didn't know who I was for about fifteen strange seconds. I wasn't scared; I was just somebody else, some stranger, and my whole life was a haunted life, the life of a ghost.”  ― Jack Kerouac, On the Road 
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
 	“What do you want out of life?" I asked, and I used to ask that all the time of girls. I don't know," she said. "Just wait on tables and try to get along." She yawned. I put my hand over her mouth and told her not to yawn. I tried to tell her how excited I was about life and the things we could do together; saying that, and planning to leave Denver in two days. She turned away wearily. We lay on our backs, looking at the ceiling and wondering what God had wrought when He made life so sad.”  ― Jack Kerouac, On the Road 
Aula de Revisão 2
 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
Tuesday, November 4th, 2008Chicago, IllinoisIf there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.
It's the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Latino, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled - Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been a collection of Red States and Blue States: we are, and always will be, the United States of America. 
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 Fundamentos Culturais de Literatura em Língua Inglesa
It's the answer that led those who have been told for so long by so many to be cynical, and fearful, and doubtful of what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.
It's been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this day, in this election, at this defining moment, change has come to America