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LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
Aula 5 – Vocalic Phonemes
Aula 5 Vocalic Phonemes
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
Contents
1)Redeploy the vocalic phonemes 
2)Work the concept of long and short vowel sounds
Aula 5 Vocalic Phonemes
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
 
 
A vowel is a speech sound made by allowing breath to flow out of the mouth, without closing any part of the mouth or throat.
 
PARTICULARITIES of the vowel sounds in English:
vowels sounds are always voiced 
TENSENESS:  This is another distinctive feature in speech sounds that deserves attention.  Tenseness, produced by the tension of the vocalization muscles, is a characteristic that occurs in English vowels (long vowel sounds\) while nonexistent in Portuguese.  Let’s see better the so-called Long and Short Vowel Sounds
THERE ARE NO NASAL VOWELS IN ENGLISH. Vowels preceding nasal consonants are nasalized, but there is no phonemic distinction between nasal and oral vowels (and all vowels are considered phonemically oral). However, the word "huh" is generally pronounced with a nasal vowel.
VOWEL DEFINITION
Aula 5 Vocalic Phonemes
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
 
In the International Phonetic Alphabet the sign ː (not a colon, but two triangles facing each other) is used for vowel length. 
Diacritics
Macron (ā), used to indicate a long vowel 
Breves (ă) are used to mark short vowels 
NOTATION
Aula 5 Vocalic Phonemes
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
VOWELS CLASSIFICATION
SHORT VOWEL SOUNDS
LONG VOWEL SOUNDS
HIT
PUT
BUT
DOT
ABOUT
BET
HAT
LEAVE
TOO, UNICORN
PART, APRON
CAUGHT, BOUGHT
WORD
Aula 5 Vocalic Phonemes
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
RULES FOR SHORT AND LONG VOWEL SOUNDS
Aula 5 Vocalic Phonemes
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
A vowel digraph is two letters with the first letter making a long sound and the second letter is silent.  We call this:  "first one does the talking, the second keeps on walking." 
 
In English include EA (teach), EE (free), EY (key), IE (piece),), OO (book), OA (road) and UE (true), AU (Audience), EO (people), IO (region), AI (main), OU (soul). 
 
ATTENTION: friend (the long sound is the –e, the -i is a silent letter)
 
VOWEL DIGRAPHS (LONG VOWEL SOUND)
Aula 5 Vocalic Phonemes
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
 
Sight words are also called IRREGULAR WORDS OR OUTLAW WORDS. They are words that not follow these rules of long and short sound.
WHOM — This should have short vowel sounds because they are closed syllables, like sat and cot, BUT IT HAS A LONG SOUND.
AGAIN, AGAINST, SAYS AND SAID — These should have long a sounds because of the AI vowel combination, like say and pain. (digraph). Attention to the sound, BUT THEY HAVE A SHORT SOUND.
BEEN — This should have a long e sound, like seen, BUT IT HAS A SHORT SOUND
The vowels i and o have the long vowel sound when followed by two or more consonants. Exceptions: MONTH, FRONT, OTHER,AMONG. (SHORT VOWEL SOUND)
When the vowel "o" is followed by "i," the two-vowel rule is not followed, as in "BOIL." – neither long nor short.
COUGH, THOUGHT, TOUGH – short sound
SIGHT WORDS
Aula 5 Vocalic Phonemes
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
AR - car, star, arm, shark
ER - sister, brother, waiter, barber, butter, hammer, shutter.
IR - shirt, skirt, girl, bird
OR - corn, fork, cord
UR - church, nurse, curve, burger
 
ATTENTION:
Grammarians have no consensus about how to classify the following vowels. 
Some will say they are long. Others that they are not long nor short. They are R-controlled.
 
R-CONTROLLED VOWEL (ALSO KNOWN AS R-COLORED VOWELS OR MURMUR DIPHTHONGS)
Aula 5 Vocalic Phonemes
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
It is a sound that appears only in unstressed syllables. It happens to the vowel that comes immediately after or before the stressed vowel.
 Example: the word photographer might be pronounced /fô'tógrafêr/ instead of the correct /fə'tagrəfər/. 
 like the 'a' in about [əbaʊt]
like the 'e' in taken [ˈteɪkən]
like the 'i' in pencil [ˈpɛnsəl]
like the 'o' in eloquent [ˈɛləkwənt]
like the 'u' in supply [səˈplaɪ]
like the 'y' in sibyl [ˈsɪbəl]
/a/ among, afraid, probably, attempt, away, adept
/e/ Children, synthesis 		/i/ decimal 
/o/ Complete, harmony			/u/ medium
/y/ syringe
 
 
 
SCHWA /ə/
Aula 5 Vocalic Phonemes
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
Aula 5 Vocalic Phonemes
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
 
EXERCISES
1. Underline the word which contains the short form of the vowel:
a) arrive	heart 		fun 		heat
b) fake		seat		vase 		come
c) but 		meet		seat 		cake
d) each 	wheel 		hill 		bean
e) rich 		meal 		reach 		eat
 
2. Which word has a long vowel sound?:
a) beat			b) bet		c) man		d) men
 
3. Which word sounds different?
a) mother 		b) brother	c) bother	d) another
 
 
 
 
Aula 5 Vocalic Phonemes
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
Contents
1)Redeploy the vocalic phonemes 
2)Work the concept of long and short vowel sounds