FTLI 03

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FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula 3- Tradução e Linguística
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
 Linguistics and translation
studies
 Aspects into play in a 
translation
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Translation as a field of study
The use of translation has been part of the history of
mankind since its very early days. Translation as a field of
study, however, has only started to develop in the
beginning of the 80’s. Because of globalisation and the
need to understand other languages and cultures, courses
of translation have been spreading around the world since
then and the need to understand the process involved in 
translating texts from a SL to a TL has only increased.
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Translation as a field of study
Contributions from the other areas of expertise have been
welcome into the field. Findings from the area of linguistics
have been incorporated into the study of translation and
helped understand what is involved in the translation
process.
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Some important issues
•most of the times there will be lexical correspondences
between different languages (parts of the body, family
relations)
•some languages don’t have words to describe everything
•some languages don’t have words to describe items which
would be considered essential to other cultures (left, 
right) as they have different kinds of spatial orientation
(cardinal orientation).
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Translation since the 80’s
Translation was not considered a field of studies before the
1980’s. Since then, the interest in translation literacy has
been evidenced by the proliferation of translation training 
programmes worldwide and nowadays most universities
have a department of translation studies interested in 
investigating the differences among languages and how to 
deal with such diversity when having to translate texts
from a SL to a TL.
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Translation and other fields of study
Contribution from various fields of study such as linguistics, 
psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, philosophy and
anthropology, among others, was welcome into the
investigation.
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The contributions of Jakobson
Roman Jakobson (1959) was one of the first linguists to
consider the contributions of linguistics to the study of
translation. In his text On Linguistic Aspect of
Translation he deals with issues that are crucial in
understanding the translation process such as interlingual,
intralingual and semiotic differences.
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Signatum and Signum ( Jakobson )
An interesting notion brought about was that no one is able
to understand a word unless he is acquainted with the
meaning assigned to this word in his lexical code. That is to
say that meaning (signatum) cannot exist without a sign
(signum). So that a listener can fully understand the
meaning of a word he must have the concept of this word
clear in his mind.
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Three types of translation ( Jakobson )
Intralingual translation or rewording - refers to the
interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the
same language. For example, the intralingual translation
of bring up in the sentence She was brought up by her
grandparents would be “take care for someone until s/he is 
an adult, often giving this person particular beliefs”.
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Three types of translation ( Jakobson )
Interlingual translation - or translation itself refers to 
the interpretation of verbal signs by means of another
language. For example, the interlingual translation of the
sentence She was brought up by her grandparents into
Portuguese would be something similar to Ela foi criada e 
educada por seus avós.
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Three types of translation ( Jakobson )
Intersemiotic translation - or transmutation refers to 
the interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of
nonverbal signs systems (music or image). For example, 
when Edward Munch painted The Scream, he tried to 
translate into an image his concept of a scream
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Interlingual translation
“She was brought up by her grandparents”
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Mutual Translability
One of the main concerns in linguistics is the mutual
translability between languages: is it possible to find exact
equivalence in meaning when translating a message from a 
SL to a TL?
The translator examines the mutual translability between
the two languages to try and find a correspondent in the TL 
that provides the exact meaning to the text (oral or
written) in the SL
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Some issues regarding
•Structure: Lucy had her hair cut
•Gender: The student decided to study hard for his final 
tests
Meus irmãos vivem perto da minha casa
•Pragmatics
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Cultural equivalents in translation
The translator has to be able to speak the receiver’s
language so as to make him clearly understand the message
being sent. Newmark (1981) suggests a series of strategies
to deal with cultural gaps in translation:
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Cultural equivalents in translation
•Naturalization: fiancé, fiancée
•Neutralization: snow, bird, shoe
•Descriptive and functional equivalent
•Footnote
•Cultural equivalent
•Compensation
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Corpus linguistics
Corpus Linguistics can aid the translator by:
•allowing access to naturalistic linguistic information
(corpora consist of “real word” texts which are mostly
a product of real life situations, which makes corpora a 
valuable research source for dialectology, sociolinguistics
and stylistics);
•facilitating linguistic research, thus reducing the time 
needed to find particular words or phrases (a research that
would take days or even years to complete manually can be
done in a matter of seconds with the highest degree of
accuracy);
•enabling the study of other patterns and collocation of
words;
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Corpus linguistics
•allowing analysis of multiple parameters at the same time 
(researchers can analyze a larger number of parameters
simultaneously).
•facilitating the use of the second language (study of the
second language with the use of natural language allows
the students/ translators to get a better “feeling” for the
language and learn the language like it is used in real 
rather than “invented” situations).
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Let’s do some translations:
•The teacher said: “Thank you!”
•Saudade é o que eu sinto desde que você partiu
•Dr Oliveira é um importante advogado
Meus irmãos me amam muito
Tradução e Linguística – Aula 3
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The end
We had a brief idea of:
• Contributions of linguisitics to 
translation
• Aspects to consider while
translating
MODELO DE MOLDURA PARA 
IMAGEM COM ORIENTAÇÃO 
VERTICAL