LIAM 02

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LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Aula 2: Elementos do período simples: objeto e 
complementos. Estrutura frasal e transitividade. 
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
 Study Verb Transitivity;
 Learn the types of sentences 
elements: “object”, 
“predicative”, “adnominal 
functors” and “adverbial”.
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
WHAT TYPE OF VERB IS IT?
Linking
Predicate 
Nominative
Predicate 
Adjective
Action
Direct 
Object
Indirect 
Object
Receives 
action 
directly
Receives 
action 
through a 
medium
George 
III is the 
king of 
England
Jenny is
attractive
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
TYPES OF VERBS
• He disappeared downtown.Intransitive (no object) 
• Mr. Jenner breaks the 
windows.
Transitive (one object) (aka 
Monotransitive verb) 
• He gave Mary ten dollars.Ditransitive (two objects)
• I’ll trade you this bicycle for 
your binoculars. or a “that 
clause”: I bet you a pound that 
he has forgotten.
Tritransitive
Subject + two objects + 
that clause or 
prepositional clause.
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
TYPES OF VERBS
• Miss Gold eats a banana
every morning.
Ambitransitive (one or no 
object) (The verb permits, 
but does not require an 
object
• John put the book on the 
shelf. 
Circumstantial (an object and 
an adverb) 
• Some of us thought that the play 
was very good.
Linking
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
NOTE: Most verbs can be used both as Transitive and as Intransitive
verbs. It is, therefore, better to say that a verb is USED TRANSITIVELY or
INTRANSITIVELY rather than that it is Transitive or Intransitive.
Used Transitively 
The ants 
fought the 
wasps.
The shot
sank the
ship.
I feel a
severe pain
in my head.
Used 
Intransitively
Some ants fight
very fiercely.
The ship sank
rapidly.
How do you
feel?
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Some Intransitive Verbs may become Transitive by having a Preposition 
added to them (change in meaning):
Used 
Intransitively 
Al his friends 
laughed.
The shot sank 
the ship.
Used Transitively
All his friends
laughed at (=
derided) him.
He will soon run
through (=
consume) his
fortune.
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
LINKING VERBS
• Tom acted suspicious.Act 
• Bill appears satisfied, but really is 
not.
Appear
•The teenager arrived early at the 
partyArrive
•Tom became wealthy.Become
•Tom bleeds blue.Bleed
•It came out burnt.Come out
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
VERB “TO BE”
AUXILIARY - Juvenile crime HAS BEEN plummeting since 1995. 
LINKING- She WAS anxious.
INTRANSITIVE – Lucia's books ARE on the refrigerator. 
INTRANSITIVE - Professor Freelove HAS BEEN in a coma since the car 
accident. (IN A COMA indicates a location, not state of being.)
LINKINK - Professor Freelove HAS BEEN in a comatose since the car 
accident. (COMATOSE is a state of being)
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
OTHER VERBS
LOOK
Linking: The monkey looked hungry.
Action - Transitive : The monkey looked for food. 
GROW
Linking: He grew tired of walking.
Action - Transitive: He grew tomatoes here
TURNED
Linking: The nation's mood turned sour.
Action - Transitive: The judge turned the pages quickly.
Action - Intransitive: The lawyer turned suddenly toward the back 
of the courtroom.
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
OBJECTS
• The advertising executive 
drove a flashy red Porsche. .
Direct Object
• I gave her some flowers.
• I gave some flowers to her.
Indirect Object
• I don’t like listening to him
• I warned her for the 
consequences. 
• I gave the book to Mary
Prepositional Object
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
INDIRECT OBJECT x PREPOSITIONAL OBJECT
Paul gave MARY the letter.
Letter = 
direct 
object
Mary = 
indirect 
object and 
prepositional 
object
Paul gave the letter TO MARY.
I warned her FOR THE CONSEQUENCES.
I don’t listen TO JOHN.
Prepositinal
Object
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
NON-PRO-DROP LANGUAGE
Important: English is a non-pro-drop language. What is it? Let’s take a
look: English is considered a non-pro-drop language. It means that
pronouns and nouns cannot be omitted if the verb requires an object.
This pronoun is called dummy pronoun (formally expletive pronoun or 
pleonastic pronoun)
Example: He ordered a cheeseburger, and even though it took them a
while to make it, he did get some French fries with it.
So, in Portuguese I can say.
Eu gosto quando chove.
In English, as the verb “to like” requires an object, we have to say: 
I like it when it rains.
Another example:
Portuguese: Eu entreguei para ela.
English: I delivered her the book.
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
DUMMY OBJECTS and COGNATE OBJECT or COGNATE 
ACCUSATIVE. 
DUMMY OBJECTS are sometimes used to transform transitive verbs to 
transitive light verbs form (a light verb is a verb that has little 
semantic content of its own and it therefore forms a predicate with 
some additional expression, which is usually a noun. Common verbs in 
English that can function as light verbs are do, give, have, make, take, 
etc.) e.g. do → do it, "to engage in sexual intercourse"; 
make → make it, "to achieve success"; 
get → get it, "to comprehend". 
Intransitive Verbs sometimes take after them an Object akin or similar 
in meaning to the Verb. Such an Object is called THE COGNATE 
OBJECT or COGNATE ACCUSATIVE. (Latin Cognatus, akin.)
I have fought a good fight. / She sighed a deep sigh./ He ran a race.
Notice that while in Portuguese these verbs are transitive, in English
they remain intransitive.
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PREDICATIVE
subject complement 
object complement 
SUBJECT COMPLEMENT 
He seems nice.
Bob is a postman. 
The driver is tired.
OBJECT COMPLEMENT
We painted the door white. 
They elected him president. 
That shrimp dish made him sick. 
The judge ruled her out of order. 
I consider the driver tired. 
Paint it black. 
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
ADNOMINAL FUNCTORS
Adnominal functors are functors for 
modifications exclusively modifying 
(semantic) nouns. They can be
Adnominal adjectives;
Noun Complement
NOUN COMPLEMENT 
He is interested in you.
ADNOMINAL ADJECTIVE
He bough a box of paper
He visited the Tate Gallery
He ate one half of the cake
Notice that
when there is a
noun
complement, it
is demanded by
the nominal
phrase. Who is
interested, is
interested in
someone or
something.
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOSLorna arrived (1)here (2)yesterday (3)by car (4)despite the rain.
TYPES OF ADVERBIALS:
ADVERBIAL ADJUNCT – integral to sentence meaning and can be 
removed leaving a well-formed sentence.
Mr. Bibby saw her yesterday.
OBLIGATORY ADVERBIAL – integral to sentence meaning but cannot 
be removed.
They treated her well.
ADVERBIAL CONJUNCT - linking the sentence to another, and is 
removable.
You thought it was true; however, I thought otherwise.
ADVERBIAL DISJUNCT - making a comment on the sentence
Stupidly, I answered the question. 
ADVEBIALS
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
In the sentence, “The professor gave her class an assignment via the 
school Web site.” , the verb gave is ________ 
a. transitive
b. intransitive
c. tritransitive
d. a linking verb
e. ambitransitive
Ambitransitive: (The verb permits, but does not require an object)
It could also be ditransitive.
Which word is the DIRECT object in the following sentence? “The 
professor gave her class an assignment via the Web site.”
a. professor
b. class
c. assignment
d. via the Web site
e. site
LET’S PRACTICE
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
 Study Verb Transitivity;
 Learn the types of sentences 
elements: “object”, 
“predicative”, “adnominal 
functors” and “adverbial”.