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LIAM 02

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LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Aula 2: Elementos do período simples: objeto e complementos. Estrutura frasal e transitividade. 
 
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Study Verb Transitivity;
Learn the types of sentences elements: “object”, “predicative”, “adnominal functors” and “adverbial”.
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
WHAT TYPE OF VERB IS IT?
Receives action directly
Receives action through a medium
George III is the king of England
Jenny is attractive
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
TYPES OF VERBS
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
TYPES OF VERBS
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
NOTE: Most verbs can be used both as Transitive and as Intransitive verbs. It is, therefore, better to say that a verb is USED TRANSITIVELY or INTRANSITIVELY rather than that it is Transitive or Intransitive.
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Some Intransitive Verbs may become Transitive by having a Preposition added to them (change in meaning):
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
LINKING VERBS
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
VERB “TO BE”
AUXILIARY - Juvenile crime HAS BEEN plummeting since 1995. 
 LINKING- She WAS anxious.
INTRANSITIVE – Lucia's books ARE on the refrigerator. 
INTRANSITIVE - Professor Freelove HAS BEEN in a coma since the car accident. (IN A COMA indicates a location, not state of being.)
LINKINK - Professor Freelove HAS BEEN in a comatose since the car accident. (COMATOSE is a state of being)
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
OTHER VERBS
LOOK
Linking: The monkey looked hungry. Action - Transitive : The monkey looked for food.  
GROW
Linking: He grew tired of walking. Action - Transitive: He grew tomatoes here
TURNED Linking: The nation's mood turned sour.
Action - Transitive: The judge turned the pages quickly.
Action - Intransitive: The lawyer turned suddenly toward the back of the courtroom.
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
OBJECTS
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
INDIRECT OBJECT x PREPOSITIONAL OBJECT
Paul gave MARY the letter.
Letter = direct object
Mary = indirect object and prepositional object
Paul gave the letter TO MARY.
I warned her FOR THE CONSEQUENCES.
I don’t listen TO JOHN.
Prepositinal Object
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
NON-PRO-DROP LANGUAGE
Important: English is a non-pro-drop language. What is it? Let’s take a look: English is considered a non-pro-drop language. It means that pronouns and nouns cannot be omitted if the verb requires an object. 
This pronoun is called dummy pronoun (formally expletive pronoun or pleonastic pronoun)
Example: He ordered a cheeseburger, and even though it took them a while to make it, he did get some French fries with it.
 So, in Portuguese I can say.
Eu gosto quando chove.
 In English, as the verb “to like” requires an object, we have to say: 
I like it when it rains.
 
Another example:
Portuguese: Eu entreguei para ela.
English: I delivered her the book.
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
DUMMY OBJECTS and COGNATE OBJECT or COGNATE ACCUSATIVE. 
DUMMY OBJECTS are sometimes used to transform transitive verbs to transitive light verbs form (a light verb is a verb that has little semantic content of its own and it therefore forms a predicate with some additional expression, which is usually a noun. Common verbs in English that can function as light verbs are do, give, have, make, take, etc.) e.g. do → do it, "to engage in sexual intercourse"; 
make → make it, "to achieve success"; 
get → get it, "to comprehend". 
Intransitive Verbs sometimes take after them an Object akin or similar in meaning to the Verb. Such an Object is called THE COGNATE OBJECT or COGNATE ACCUSATIVE. (Latin Cognatus, akin.)
I have fought a good fight. / She sighed a deep sigh./ He ran a race.
Notice that while in Portuguese these verbs are transitive, in English they remain intransitive.
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
 
 
PREDICATIVE
subject complement 
object complement 
SUBJECT COMPLEMENT 
He seems nice. 
Bob is a postman. 
The driver is tired.
 
OBJECT COMPLEMENT
We painted the door white. 
They elected him president. 
That shrimp dish made him sick. 
The judge ruled her out of order. 
I consider the driver tired. 
Paint it black. 
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
ADNOMINAL FUNCTORS
Adnominal functors are functors for modifications exclusively modifying (semantic) nouns. They can be
Adnominal adjectives;
Noun Complement
NOUN COMPLEMENT 
He is interested in you.
ADNOMINAL ADJECTIVE
He bough a box of paper
He visited the Tate Gallery
He ate one half of the cake
 
Notice that when there is a noun complement, it is demanded by the nominal phrase. Who is interested, is interested in someone or something.
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Lorna arrived (1)here (2)yesterday (3)by car (4)despite the rain. 
 
TYPES OF ADVERBIALS:
ADVERBIAL ADJUNCT – integral to sentence meaning and can be removed leaving a well-formed sentence.
Mr. Bibby saw her yesterday. 
OBLIGATORY ADVERBIAL – integral to sentence meaning but cannot be removed.
They treated her well. 
ADVERBIAL CONJUNCT - linking the sentence to another, and is removable.
You thought it was true; however, I thought otherwise. 
ADVERBIAL DISJUNCT - making a comment on the sentence
Stupidly, I answered the question. 
 
ADVEBIALS
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
In the sentence, “The professor gave her class an assignment via the school Web site.” , the verb gave is ________ 
a. transitive
b. intransitive
c. tritransitive
d. a linking verb
e. ambitransitive
Ambitransitive: (The verb permits, but does not require an object)
 It could also be ditransitive.
Which word is the DIRECT object in the following sentence? “The professor gave her class an assignment via the Web site.”
a. professor
b. class
c. assignment
d. via the Web site
e. site
LET’S PRACTICE
Aula 2- Elementos do Período Simples – Verbo, Objeto e Complementos. Estrutura Frasal.
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Study Verb Transitivity;
Learn the types of sentences elements: “object”, “predicative”, “adnominal functors” and “adverbial”.

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