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LIAM 03

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LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
AULA 3 - TIPOS DE VERBOS: LEXICAL E AUXILIAR. 
DIFERENÇA ENTRE MODO E ASPECTO.
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Recognize the differences 
between “lexical” and “auxiliary” 
verbs.
Learn the differences between 
“mood”, ‘tense” and “aspect”.
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
TENSE – ASPECT - MOOD
Tense–aspect–mood, commonly abbreviated TAM and also called tense–
modality–aspect or TMA, is the grammatical system in a language that 
covers the expression of tense (location in time), aspect (fabric of time 
– a single block of time, continuous flow of time, or repetitive 
occurrence), and mood or modality (degree of necessity, obligation, 
probability, ability).
English has:
Two tenses: present and past
Four aspects: simple, progressive, perfect, perfect-progressive
Four moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional and imperative
Despite popular belief, English DOES NOT have a future tense (for 
didactic purpose we are going to study it is a tense). Futurity is, 
instead, expressed through modal verbs, specifically will and shall. 
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PRESENT TENSES
• Dona is studying hard for her 
test right now.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT
• Dona is studying hard for 
her test right now.
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
• Ron has worked in the same 
company for 20 years.
THE PRESENT PERFECT 
SIMPLE
• Ron has been working on the 
same document without a break 
for hours.
THE PRESENT PERFECT 
PROGRESSIVE
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PAST TENSES
• I visited my uncle in Paris last 
summer.
THE SIMPLE PAST
• While I was walking down the 
street yesterday, I suddenly met 
my boss.
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
• I have already done my 
homework (so now I am free to go 
out).
THE PRESENT PERFECT 
SIMPLE
• By the time Dona had saved
enough money, she bought a new 
car.
THE PAST PERFECT 
SIMPLE
• We had been walking the streets of 
Paris for hours until we finally took 
a break.
THE PAST PERFECT 
PROGRESSIVE
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
FUTURE TENSES
• SEE NEXT SLIDE.
THE SIMPLE 
FUTURE
• Tomorrow at 12 o’clock I will be 
giving a lecture at the university 
so I will not be answering any 
calls.
THE FUTURE 
PROGRESSIVE
• Dona will have graduated from 
university by the end of June.
THE FUTURE PERFECT 
SIMPLE
• By 14:00 the cake will have been 
baking for 90 minutes (so don’t 
forget to take it out of the oven).
THE FUTURE 
PERFECT 
PROGRESSIVE
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
THE SIMPLE FUTURE
• I think we will eat out tomorrow 
evening
[unsure future 
prediction, future 
with will]
• We are going to eat out tomorrow 
evening.
[sure and intended 
future plans, future with 
be going to]
• We are eating out tonight.
[arrangement for the near 
future, using the Present 
Progressive]
• Our dinner at Chez Paul starts at 
20:00 tomorrow evening, so be there 
on time!
[preset future 
schedule, using the 
Present Simple]
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
ASPECT
• I am floating the book 
THE PROGRESSIVE 
(OR CONTINUOUS)
• I have floated the book THE PERFECT ASPECT 
• I had been floating the book 
THE PERFECT-
PROGRESSIVE ASPECT
• Dona works in London. 
THE SIMPLE (OR 
ZERO) ASPECT
[SIMPLE FACTUAL 
STATEMENT]
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
MOOD
• Little Rock is the capital of Arkansas.
THE INDICATIVE 
MOOD
• Go there now! THE IMPERATIVE MOOD
• If I win the lottery, I will go on a 
trip around the world.THE CONDITIONAL MOOD
• I demand that she leave at once!
THE SUBJUNCTIVE 
MOOD
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
LEXICAL VERBS AND AUXILIARY VERBS
LEXICAL
Express action, 
state, or other 
predicate meaning
Charlie raises his hand.
AUXILIARY (HELPING) = 
PRIMARY OR MODAL
Help out the main verb in a 
sentence by giving more detail to 
how time is portrayed in a 
sentence. 
Charlie is raising his hand.
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PRIMARY HELPING VERBS
BE
Charlie is
watching 
television. 
(helping)
Charlie is a clever 
student
(full)
HAVE
I have finished the
homework. (helping)
I have three
dogs and a
cat. (full)
DO
I do not care 
for broccoli. 
(helping)
I do my 
homework 
everyday. 
(full)
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
MODAL VERBS
WOULD
MUST
SHOULD
WILL
NEED
CAN
MIGHT
MAYHAD 
BETTER
SHALL DARE
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
MODAL VERBS
• ADVICE, MILD OBLIGATIONSHOULD/OUGHT TO
• ABILITY, (PRESENT) REQUEST, 
PROBABILITY
CAN
•WEAK PROBABILITY MIGHT
•POLITE REQUEST, PROBABILITYMAY
•PROHIBITIONMUSTN’T
•DEDUCTION, PERSONAL OBLIGATIONMUST
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
MODAL VERBS
• REQUEST, ABILITY (PAST)COULD
• EXTERNAL OBLIGATIONHAVE TO
•NO NECESSITYDON’T HAVE TO
•NECESSITYNEED TO
•PROHIBITIONMUSTN’T
•DEDUCTION, PERSONAL OBLIGATIONMUST
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
MODAL VERBS
• PROBABILITY
May it be the shadow’s 
call?
• WEAK PROBABILITY
We might as well be 
strangers… 
•NOT TO MANAGE TOI can’t get you out of 
my head.
•PROBABILITY
I know I can be what I 
wanna be.
•PROHIBITION
You mustn’t sigh and 
you mustn’t cry.
•OBLIGATIONThe show must go on.
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
MODAL VERBS
• PROBABILITY
My make up may be 
fading.
• DEDUCTIONIt must be love.
•MILD OBLIGATIONShould I stay or 
should I go?
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
This is John É o João 100%
That must be John. Deve ser o João. 95%
That will be John. Deve ser o João. 85%
That would be John Deve ser o João. 75%
That ought to be 
John.
Deve ser o João. 65%
That should be John Deve ser o João. 55%
That can be John É possível que seja o João. 45%
That could be John. É possível que seja o João. 35%
That may be John. É possível que seja o João. 25%
That might be John. É possível que seja o João. 15%
That can't be John Não pode ser o João. 10%
That isn't John. Não é o João. 0%
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
MODAL VERBS
The English verbs DARE and NEED have both a modal use (he dare not do 
it), and a non-modal use (he doesn't dare to do it).
'MUST' and 'HAVE TO' in the positive or question form are used to speak 
about responsibilities and obligations. Sometimes, 'must' and 'have to' can 
be exchanged, but the general rule is:
Must is used for strong personal obligations (I must do this right now!). 
Something that you or a person feels is necessary.
Have to is used for responsibilities (I have to file reports every week.) 
Let’s see:
I have to go – (perhaps you have to catch the bus – external cause)
I must go – (personal obligation – internal cause)Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
MODAL VERBS – MUST AND HAVE TO
British: We use can to indicate capability or possibility, e.g. "I don't know 
if I can lift this piano by myself." The implication here is on whether you 
have the physical capacity or mental acuity to get the piano lifted. May is 
used when you are asking permission. "May I lift your piano for a little 
exercise?" Here you wish the permission of someone to carry out an 
action.
American: We use can to indicate capability, possibility or permission. 
May is used when you are asking permission.
About this, there is a funny story:
Once Bernard Shaw, the famous Irish play writer received a note from an 
American director, who wanted to play Pygmalion at a theater in New 
York.
He wrote: Dear sir, can I play Pygmalion here in New York?
Shaw’s answer: I don’t know if you can, but you may.
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
QUASI-MODAL VERBS
While full modals are single words, quasi-modals consist of either a 
verb plus a preposition functioning as a particle or a verb plus an 
adverb. 
ought to, used to = verb + preposition [particle]
would rather, had better = verb + adverb
OUGHT TO– should, duty, obligation, advisability, desirability, 
likelihood, probability 
You ought to stain your fence this year. (advisability)
USED TO– formerly, once but no longer, previously habitually 
My sister used to read a book a night. (previously habitually)
WOULD RATHER – preference, prefer to 
I would rather eat a bug than study math. (preference)
HAD BETTER/BEST– should, duty, obligation, advisability
She had better teach her children some manners. (duty)
Aula 3- Tipos de Verbo: Lexical e Auxiliar. Diferença ente Modo e Aspecto. 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Recognize the differences 
between “lexical” and “auxiliary” 
verbs.
Learn the differences between 
“mood”, ‘tense” and “aspect”.

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