LIAM 04

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LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
AULA 4 - O PRESENTE: ASPECTO E MODO E SUAS 
IMPLICAÇÕES SEMÂNTICAS, LEXICAIS E PRAGMÁTICAS.
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Learn how to form and use the 
present tense verbs: The Present 
Simple, The Present Progressive, 
The Present Perfect Simple and The 
Present Perfect Progressive. 
Learn the common time 
expressions related to the present 
tense verbs
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PRESENT TENSE
• I am speaking English now.action in the present
• Michelle lives in Paris.a current state of being
• He is leaving to Paris tomorrow.
an occurrence in the 
future
• Ron has been working on the 
same document without a break 
for hours.
an action that started in 
the past and continues
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PRESENT SIMPLE
General truth and facts Water boils at 100˚C.
State Michelle lives in Paris.
Habit/routine (repeated 
actions) 
We take a French class twice a week.
Future plans and schedules The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
Talk about the future after 
words like ‘ when’, ‘ until’, ‘ 
after’, ‘ before’, ‘as soon as’ 
in a future sentence. 
I will call you when I have time. (Not 
‘will have’)
Reporting live events, story-
telling, or retelling a plot 
(narrative present) 
“Owen kicks the ball to Ronaldo, who 
passes it to Beckham. Beckham 
scores a goal !”
The hero dies at the end of the film.
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Things that are happening at the 
moment of speaking.
I’m working at the moment.
Temporary situations, when we 
feel something won't continue 
for a long time.
She’s staying with her friend for a 
week.
Temporary habits or new habits She’s swimming every morning 
Annoying habits, when we want 
to show that something happens 
too often and we don't like it. 
Use an adverb like ‘always’ / 
‘forever’ / ‘constantly'.
You’re always losing your keys!
Definite future arrangements I’m meeting my father tomorrow.
Talk about a situation which is 
slowly changing
I’m getting better at playing the 
piano
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
NON-CONTINUOUS VERBS (STATE OR STATIVE VERBS)
• Believe – dislike – doubt – imagine – know – like 
– love (substitute for enjoy) – hate – prefer –
realize – recognize – remember – suppose –
understand - want (substitute for to be willing 
to) wish substitute for to be willing to)
Mental and 
Emotional 
States
• Appear – hear (use: I can hear) –
see (use: I can see) – seem – smell 
– sound - taste
Sense
• Agree – astonish – deny – disagree 
– impress - mean - please -
promise - satisfy - surprise.
Communication
• Be- belong – concern – consist – contain –
cost – depend - deserve – fit - include 
involve - lack – matter - need - owe - own 
- possess
Other States
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
1. I don’t like the party or I am not enjoying the party.
2. Tô querendo falar com você – I want to talk to you or I am willing 
to talk to you.
3. Não tô acreditando. – I don’t (can’t) believe it.
4. Tô precisando de uma mão aqui. – I need a hand/some help here
5. Estou sentado – I am sitting.
6. Estou em pé – I am standing.
7. Estou sentando-me – I am sitting down.
8. Estou levantando-me – I am standing up.
SAY THIS IN ENGLISH!
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
SOME VERBS CAN BE BOTH STATIVE AND DYNAMIC
• You are stupid = it’s part of your personality
• You are being stupid = only now, not usually 
(behaving or acting)
BE
• Think (stative) = have an opinion - I think that 
coffee is great
• Think (dynamic) = consider, have in my head -
I’m thinking about my next holiday
THINK
• Have (stative) = own - I have a car
• Have (dynamic) = part of an expression - I’m 
having a party / a picnic / a bath / a good time / 
a break
HAVE
• see (stative) = see with your eyes / understand - I see 
what you mean
see (dynamic) = meet / have a relationship with/visit 
- She's seeing a doctor this morning.
SEE
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Things which are always 
true:
Water boils at 100 
degrees.
Things which are happening at the moment of 
speaking:
The water is boiling now, so you can put in the 
pasta.
Permanent situations
Julie lives in London.
Temporary situations:
Julie is living in Paris for a few months 
(usually she lives in London).
Situations which are slowly changing:
I'm getting better and better at speaking 
English.
Habits or things we do 
regularly:
I drink coffee every 
morning.
Temporary or new habits:
I'm drinking too much coffee these days 
because I'm so busy at work.
Annoying habits (usually with 'always'):
My flatmate is always leaving the kitchen in a 
mess!
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Future events which are part 
of a timetable:
My plane leaves at eight 
tonight.
To talk about the future 
after certain words ('when' 
'until' 'after' 'before' 'as soon 
as'):
I'll call you when I get home.
Definite future plans:
I'm meeting John after class today.
To talk about what happens 
in books, plays and films:
At the end of the book, the 
detective catches the killer.
To talk about people in pictures and 
photos:
In this photo, my mother is walking
beside a lake.
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Talk about a completed action in 
the past when time is not 
important or mentioned. 
I’ve lost my keys (so I can’t get into 
my house)
Life experience (we don't say 
when the experience happened, 
just sometime in the past)
I have been to Tokyo.
She has lived in Germany.
COMPARE:
He lived in London all his life – He is 
dead.
He has lived in London all his life –
He is alive.
Checking information Have you done the homework yet?
Something you haven’t done yet, 
but intend to
I haven’t done my homework yet.
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Describe an indefinite action 
which was repeated several 
times in the past
I have read that book several times.
Reassure something I have already phoned the doctor.
Emphasize the idea of any 
time
Have you ever read 'War and Peace'?
With an unfinished time word 
(this month, this week, today, 
in the last year)
I haven't seen her this month.
SEE:
It rained this morning – It is no longer 
morning.
It has rained this morning – It is still 
morning.
Unfinished Actions I’ve known Karen since 1994.
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PRESENT PERFECT EXAMPLES - CARTOONS
A jury has found you guilty.
He’s changed his mind again.
We’ve voted you off the island.
Look what you have done!
I’ve already provided for my 
children’s college education.
I love what you have done with the 
office.
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modoe suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
In this tense, we use both 'been' and 'gone' as the past participle of 
'go', but in slightly different circumstances.
Been - We use 'been' (often when we talk about 'life experience') 
to mean that the person being talked about has visited the place, 
and come back. Notice the preposition 'to':
I've been to Paris (in my life, but now I'm in London, where I live)
She has been to school today (but now she's back at home)
Gone - We use 'gone' (often when we are talking about an action 
with a result in the present) to mean that the person is at the place 
now:
'Where's John?' 'He's gone to the shops' (he's at the shops now)
Julie has gone to Mexico (now she's in Mexico)
BEEN AND GONE
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PAST SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
A past action
They opened a new road last 
week.
The present result of a past action
They’ve opened a new road. (So, it’s 
open now)
Something that is already over
Tom saw it in town on Saturday.
Something that we are expecting
I haven’t seen the exhibition yet.
A finished time
It didn’t rain yesterday.
An unfinished time
It hasn’t rained today (today is not 
over yet)
An action that changed something
Let me see. When did she buy it?
Something that has stayed the same
How long has Mrs. Peters had that 
car?
A time in the past
We traveled to London by plane 
six months ago.
A time up to the present
Have you ever traveled by plane?
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Unfinished actions which started 
in the past and continue to the 
present. We often use this with 
for and since. (In many cases, 
the simple form and the 
continuous form can be used 
interchangeably).
I’ve been living in London for two 
years.
She's been working here since 2004.
We've been waiting for the bus for 
hours.
SEE:
They have lived here for five years
OR They have been living here for 
five years.
Actions which have just stopped 
(though the whole action can be 
unfinished) and have a result, 
which we can often see, hear, or 
feel, in the present (focus on 
action). 
I’m so tired, I’ve been studying.
COMPARE:
I am reading a book now – Eu estou 
lendo um livro agora.
I have been reading a book – Eu 
estou lendo um livro (não neste 
momento em que estou falando)
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PRESENT PERFECT 
NONPROGRESSIVE
PRESENT PERFECT 
PROGRESSIVE 
Use the present perfect 
nonprogressive tense to indicate 
duration, recent completion or 
permanence.
Use the present perfect progressive
to emphasize repetitive, ongoing or 
temporary activity.
Engineers have stabilized the 
foundation. unspecified past; 
done
Engineers have been stabilizing the 
foundation since 1838. repetition; 
ongoing
The Tower has stood in Pisa since 
1352. permanent
We have been standing in line for 
two hours. temporary; ongoing
The art committee has 
photographed the entire Tower 
of Pisa. unspecified past; done
They have been organizing 64,000 
photographs. work in progress; 
ongoing
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Present perfect with 'yet' and 'already' | Johnny Grammar | Learn 
English | British
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3RVtbj1opU
THE PERFECT TENSE AND ITS EQUIVALENT FORMS IN PORTUGUESE –
Read an article on:
http://www.sk.com.br/sk-perf.html
PRESENT PERFECT: FOR AND SINCE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUsVv7OMhSw
Present Perfect Tense Part 1 - English with Sound and Light
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Me5AeV6jkk
TAKE A LOOK!
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Present Perfect Tense Part 2 - English with Sound and Light
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePSpJOjC2Gg
Práctica Present perfect
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srv84zKxVDU
Present Perfect or Past Simple
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WyLKNX5OE2M
Simple Present Perfect Questions and Answers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5nY8M1IEDM
Present Perfect examples in songs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWSMgJGRs3E
TAKE A LOOK!
Aula 4 – O Presente: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Learn how to form and use the 
present tense verbs: The Present 
Simple, The Present Progressive, 
The Present Perfect Simple and The 
Present Perfect Progressive. 
Learn the common time 
expressions related to the present 
tense verbs