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LITERATURA INGLESA II   
		1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Britain was never the same again after 1918 because the country had ruined its economy by waging a war substantially beyond its resources. Moreover, total victory, ratified by a penal, dictated peace, ruined what little chances there were of restoring something even faintly like a stable, liberal, bourgeois Europe, as the economist John Maynard Keynes immediately recognized. If Germany was not reintegrated into the European economy, i.e. if the country¿s economic weight within that economy was not recognized and accepted there could be no stability. But this was the last consideration in the minds of those who had fought to eliminate Germany. (HOSBAWM, 1995, p. 30-31)
Source: HOBSBAWM, Eric. Age of Extremes: the short XX century. Great Britain: Abacus, 1995.
 
According to the text above, the interwar period was ...
		
	
	... a politically stable period, given that the economic powers established by the victory in World War I aided and provided healthcare to the defeated countries.
	 
	... a moment deeply invested in its future possibilities, given that the war had come to a halt after a settlement was agreed upon and every country affected by the war could start to recover.
	
	... a politically unstable period, through which the victorious countries never withdrew their forces from the battlefield, continuously insisting to threat the defeated countries with another war.
	 
	... a moment deeply immersed in political and economic tensions, given that since the First World War ended there was a general need for recovery in Europe.
	
	... a political stable moment, especially amongst the European countries which participated in the war, since everyone helped each other to maintain a regular economic growth.
	Respondido em 27/04/2022 23:03:41
	
	Explicação:
FEEDBACK: Any alternative claiming that the World War I gave way to a stable economic and political period in Europe is wrong, since the settlement which determined the victors and the defeated in the war never fully satisfied the greedy powers of Great Britain, France (and the United States). Their wish was for "total victory", which meant the full subjugation of the enemy to their political will and power - this created a feeling of "enforced peace", leading, finally, to a problematic European recovery in the years after World War I.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Tradition is a matter of much wider significance. It cannot be inherited, and if you want it you must obtain it by great labour. It involves, in the first place, the historical sense, which we may call nearly indispensable to anyone who would continue to be a poet beyond his twenty-fifth year; and the historical sense involves a perception, not only of the pastness of the past, but of its presence; the historical sense compels a man to write not merely with his own generation in his bones, but with a feeling that the whole of the literature of Europe from Homer and within it the whole of the literature of his own country has a simultaneous existence and composes a simultaneous order. This historical sense, which is a sense of the timeless as well as of the temporal and of the timeless and of the temporal together, is what makes a writer traditional. And it is at the same time what makes a writer most acutely conscious of his place in time, of his contemporaneity. (ELIOT, 1919, p. 1)
Source: ELIOT, T. S. Tradition and Individual Talent. Accessed in: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/69400/tradition-and-the-individual-talent
 
Considering the notion of tradition theorized by T. S. Eliot, mark the correct affirmative:
		
	
	Eliot understands tradition as the canonical establishment of writers worth reading, taking into consideration a series of criteria such as the 'historical sense' of each work of art.
	 
	Eliot understands tradition as this simultaneous relationship that a writer has with the contemporary presence of past literature, as informed by a 'historical sense', as well as the full awareness of one¿s place in time.
	 
	Eliot understands tradition as a special moment in history, with books, authors and readers conjoined into a complex net of ideas, creating what he calls the `historical sense¿.
	
	Eliot understands tradition as an ideal order of books that come from our own experience with literature throughout our life - reaching its peak at the moment when one writes their own book to add to that order.
	
	Eliot understands tradition as literary history, sharing knowledge with the academic assessment upon the historical context in which each book was published.
	Respondido em 27/04/2022 23:06:48
	
	Explicação:
FEEDBACK: T. S. Eliot, one of the greatest poets of the twentieth century, develops in this essay about tradition and modernism his notion that to participate in the 'historical sense' of literature one must enter this ideal order - or canon if you prefer to call it - and change it because of its relationship to the presence of the past in one¿s contemporary moment of writing and the manner in which this presence informs the writer of his or her place in time.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The narrative strategy called stream-of-consciousness, much employed by modernist writers, tries to reproduce the free association of ideas within the mind of a character. The development of a field of knowledge greatly influenced this literary technique. Which is this field?
 
		
	 
	Psychoanalysis
	
	Svolution theory
	
	Mysticism
	
	Symbolic thought
	
	Archetypes
	Respondido em 27/04/2022 23:08:16
	
	Explicação:
The clinical method of psychoanalysis encompasses many practices, and free association is one of them. Fragments of memories emerge in the course of free association, giving an insight into the unconscious mind. The evolution theory, archetypes and mysticism are issues that might be present in the fictional texts but are not associated with the use of the stream-of-consciousness.  
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Allegory is used, in James Joyce¿s writings, as a literary device. In Dubliners, for instance, the city of Dublin is an allegory of paralysis. But what is allegorical literature?
		
	 
	a symbolic narrative that reveals a non-explicit meaning. 
	
	a type of literature that reflects about itself.
	
	a narrative that describes the setting and characters thoroughly.
	
	a type of literature that is clear and explicit.
	
	a narrative that expresses the feelings of a character.
	Respondido em 27/04/2022 23:08:43
	
	Explicação:
Allegorical literature refers to a symbolic narrative that conveys a meaning that is not explicit in the text. The understanding of this meaning depends on a process of interpretation from the part of the reader. A thorough description may be allegorical or not, because what characterizes allegory is the meaning that is not explicit but may be inferred by interpreting the fable or symbol. The narrative that expresses the feelings of a character is called impressionistic, a type of literature that is clear and explicit is the opposite of an allegorical text, and literature that reflects about itself is known as metafiction.
	
		5a
          Questão
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	Not all theorists perceive a clear-cut distinction between Modernity and Postmodernity. The Polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman, for instance, prefers the term 'liquid modernity' instead. What is 'liquid modernity', a term coined by Bauman?
		
	
	Liquid modernity refers to the first phase of industrialism.
	
	Liquid modernity is synonymous with the term high Modernism.
	 
	A period characterized by technologically developed, capitalist global cities.
	 
	A term that refers to modernity and its instabilities in the beginning of 20th century.
	
	A sociological approach to understand the fragmentation of the world.
	Respondido em 27/04/2022 23:10:20Explicação:
Right answer: A period characterized by technologically developed, capitalist global cities.
Feedback: Liquid modernity is characterized by highly developed global societies, marked by global capitalist economies with their increasing privatization of services and an economic system based on information technology. Another term for this period is late modernity. The first phase of industrialism started in the 18th century. High modernism refers to the beginning of the 20th century, and was a reaction to a corrupted society, marked by discoveries and advances in science and technology.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Salman Rushdie was born in India. He established his literary career, though, in England. In his novels he addresses topics such as race, nationality, and migration. Diaspora, as well as postcolonialism, are terms often associated with Rushdie's writings. The novels of Salman Rushdie can be interpreted as texts dealing with the diaspora because:
		
	
	they interpret immigration as a traumatic experience.
	
	they disregard questions of ethnicity and national identity.
	
	they see nationalism as the most important feature of a group.
	
	they represent immigrants as people who deny their original culture.
	 
	they portray groups that feel related to more than one culture.
	Respondido em 27/04/2022 23:11:30
	
	Explicação:
Right answer: they portray groups that feel related to more than one culture.
Feedback: The words of Salman Rushdie deal with the diaspora because they represent people and groups who have to come to terms with their original culture (that of the homeland) and a new cultural reality (that of Britain), feeling that they belong to both. Therefore, since the groups are related to more than one culture, it is false to affirm that their original culture is denied as it is also false to state that ethnicity is disregarded. Finally, nationalism, as identities are being questioned, is also under scrutiny.
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Which elements are valued and characterizes the Romantic sensibility and style?
		
	
	Complex versification, figures of speech, emotions and feelings.
	
	Reason, cultivated language, and supernatural elements.
	
	Rationality, invocation of muses, and the presence of a hero.
	
	Sophisticated language, rationality, the presence of a hero.
	 
	Imagination, feelings and emotions, instead of rationality.   
	Respondido em 27/04/2022 23:13:55
	
	Explicação:
Imagination, feelings and emotions were considered superior to rationality, invocation of the muses and other epic conventions, such as the presence of a hero and the beginning in the middle of the action (in media res). Language is simple as well as versification.
	
		8a
          Questão
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	Why is the radical period of the French Revolution, in 1793-1794, under the leadership of Robespierre, known as The Reign of Terror?
		
	
	Because France did not admit any interference of other nations in its issues.
	 
	Because of many executions of those considered enemies of the revolution.
	
	Because people were afraid of being misjudged for not supporting the revolution.
	
	Because people from less privileged classes felt threatened by the rich.
	
	Because there was extreme violence in the streets after the fall of Bastille.
	Respondido em 27/04/2022 23:14:46
	
	Explicação:
The Reign of Terror was the period in which extreme violence was perpetrated by the government. All people who were considered enemies of the revolution, based on subjective criteria, were arrested and executed. There was a massacre, and many public executions to serve as an example for the people. Less privileged people were favored in the beginning of the Revolution, but then, the terror implanted by the state equaled rich and poor under harsh conditions and prohibited expression against the new system of government.         
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Patrick Brontë exemplifies the type of social mobility that was possible at that time. He rose from being a farmer¿s boy to a clergyman. In 1820 he was offered perpetual curacy.
Bearing this information in mind, assess the statements below and the relationship between them:
I. Patrick exemplifies the type of social mobility characteristic of Victorian age.
Because
II. He was able to get on in his career and character played a great role in his life story.
		
	 
	I and II are correct statements and II justifies I
	
	I is a correct statement and II is a false statement.
	
	I and II  are correct statements but ii. does not justify I
	
	I and II are false statements.
	
	I is a false statement and II does not justify I.
	Respondido em 27/04/2022 23:16:22
	
	Explicação:
Both statements are correct and ii. justifies i. Patrick Brontë is an example of the type of social mobility characteristic of Victorian age. Progressing in life was dependent of being `of good character¿ rather than being born to a rich family.
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray brings about lots of aphorisms that up until today arouse controversy. Read one of these aphorisms below:
 "It is the spectator, and not life, that art really mirrors" (WILDE, 1994)
Source: WILDE. Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Project Gutenberg. October, 1994.
Choose the alternative that contains the best interpretation for such aphorism.
		
	
	Art is not meant as a mirror.
	
	Art is not a reflection of life.
	
	Art mirrors anything.
	 
	Art reflects the spectator (or reader).
	
	Art is a reflection of life.
	Respondido em 27/04/2022 23:16:54
	
	Explicação:
The quotation above comes after Wilde states that there is no such thing as a moral or immoral book. Books are badly or well written, that¿s all. Claiming that there is no such thing as an immoral book means that immorality should stem from a different source. And that¿s why Wilde states that art does not reflect life, it reflects, on the other hand, the one looking at it. If the spectator finds immoral themes in a beautifully written piece it is only because he is looking at his or her reflection in the work of art. Therefore, the only correct option is: Art reflects the spectator (or reader).