DIRETRIZES

Prévia do material em texto

2 DIRETRIZES PARA MONOGRAFIAS JURÍDICAS
!∀#∃%&%&∋(%)∀∃%&∗∀&∋∀+,−#+./&%&0∀+,−#+.∗%(&)1&0%∗∀&#2#3#.(&.&(∀∗.45%&∗∀&+−.&
6%2%7(.8#.9&:;<#.6∀2∃∀/&25%&+5%&.∗6#++=<∀#+&∀((%+&∗∀&%(∃%7(.8#./&3%23%(∗>23#./&
∀∃39/&0%(&#+∃%&.&(∀<#+5%&?&#60(∀+3#2∗=<∀≅9&Α≅?6&∗#++%/&.&6%2%7(.8#.&∗∀<∀&+∀7−#(&−6.&
3%∀(Β23#.&2%&,−∀&∃%3.&.%&∃∀60%&<∀(;.≅Χ &0(∀+∀2∃∀ &∆%&8−∃−(%&∗∀<∀&+∀( &∀60(∀7.∗%&
.0∀2.+ & 2% & 0(%)∀∃% & ∗∀ & 0∀+,−#+.Ε9 & Φ∀3%6∀2∗.Γ+∀/ & .#2∗./ & ,−∀ & % & .−∃%( & ∀+3(∀<. & .&
6%2%7(.8#.&∀6&∃%6&#60∀++%.≅/&−∃#≅#Η.2∗%&∀Ι0(∀++ϑ∀+&3%6% &0∀2+.Γ+∀/&∀6&<∀Η&∗∀&
0∀2+.6%+9 & Κ.6.#+ & −∃#≅#Η.( & . & 0(#6∀#(. & 0∀++%. & ∗% & +#27−≅.( & ∆0∀2+%Ε/ & 0(%3−(.2∗%&
∀+3(∀<∀(&∀6&∀+∃#≅%&+#60≅∀+/&0%(?6&)−+3#∀2∃=8#3%9
Λ∀+∃∀ & Μ≅∃#6% & .+0∀3∃%/ & Ν1 & ,−∀ & +∀ & 3−#∗.( & . & ∀Ι∃∀2+5% & ∗%+ & 0.(17(.8%+9 &Α&
∃∀2∗Β23#.&?&,−∀&3.∗.&<∀Η&+∀).6&6.#+&3−(∃%+/&%;)∀∃#<%+/&∗#(∀∃%+9&Ο∀+6.&%;+∀(<.45%&
+∀&8.Η&2%&,−∀&∃%3.&Π+&2%∃.+&∗∀&(%∗.0?&∀&3#∃.4ϑ∀+&≅%27.+&∆.+&,−∀&−≅∃(.0.++.6&Θ&≅#2Ν.+&
∗∀ &6.(7∀6&. &6.(7∀6&∗. & 8%≅Ν.Ε9 &Ρ.≅∀ & . &61Ι#6. &∗∀ &,−∀ & % &6∀2%+ & ∆∗∀+∗∀ & ,−∀&
,−.≅#8#3.∗%Ε&?&6.#+9
Σ%6.2∗%&%+&3−#∗.∗%+&.3#6./&%&.−∃%(&)1&∃∀(1&∀<#∃.∗%&;%.&0.(∃∀&∗.+&3(=∃#3.+&∀&
∗∀3(?+3#6%+&.<.≅#.∃#<%+&2%(6.≅6∀2∃∀&8∀#∃%+&∀6&;.23.+&∗∀&.<.≅#.45%9
2.1 Impressão do Trabalho Acadêmico
& : & Σ(.;.≅Ν% &Α3.∗Β6#3%/ & 2%(6.≅6∀2∃∀/ & 0%++−# & .<.≅#.45% & ∗Μ0≅#3∀ & ∆0∀≅%&
∃(.;.≅Ν% & ∀+3(#∃% & ∀ & 0∀≅. & ∗∀8∀+. & %(.≅ΕΤ & .++#6/ & 0∀(∃#2∀2∃∀ & ? & . & 0(∀%3−0.45% &3%6&%&
.+0∀3∃%&∀Ι∃∀(2%&∗%&6∀+6%/&#23≅−+#<∀&,−.2∃%&.%&0.0∀≅&.&+∀(&−∃#≅#Η.∗%&,−.2∗%&∗∀&+−.&
#60(∀++5%9 &:&∃(.;.≅Ν%&∗∀<∀&+∀( & #60(∀++%&∀6&0.0∀≅&;(.23%/ &3%6&∃#2∃. &0(∀∃./&∀6&
8%≅Ν.&∃.6.2Ν%&ΑΥ&∆ςΩΞ66&Ι&ςΨΖ66Ε/&3%28%(6∀&.&Λ[Φ&ΨΥΞςΥ9
2.2 Encadernação
:+&3−(+%+&)−(=∗#3%+/&<#.&∗∀&(∀7(./&0%++−∀6&3.0.+&#2+∃#∃−3#%2.#+&,−∀/&,−.2∗%&
∀Ι#+∃∀2∃∀+/ &∗∀<∀6&+∀( &−∃#≅#Η.∗.+ &+∀6&.≅∃∀(.4ϑ∀+9 &∴%2+−≅∃.(/ &.#2∗./ &+∀ &Ν1&.≅7−6.&
∀Ι#7Β23#.&,−.2∃%&.%&6?∃%∗%&∗∀&∀23.∗∀(2.45%&∆∀+0#(.≅/&3%+∃−(.∗%/&3.0.&∗−(./&∀∃39Ε9
Α& ≅%6;.∗./ & +∀ &∀Ι#7#∗./ &? &3%60%+∃. &0∀≅% & ∃=∃−≅% &∗.&6%2%7(.8#. &∀ &% &2%6∀&
3%60≅∀∃% &∗∀& +∀− &.−∃%(9 &∴%2+−≅∃.( &% & +∀∃%( & #2+∃#∃−3#%2.≅ & (∀+0%2+1<∀≅ & +%;(∀&%−∃(.+&
∀Ι#7Β23#.+/&−6.&<∀Η&,−∀&.≅7−2+&∋(%7(.6.+&∗∀&∋]+Γ⊥(.∗−.45%/&0%(&∀Ι∀60≅%/&0∀∗∀6&
,−∀ & 3%2+∃∀ & 2. & ≅%6;.∗./ & .#2∗./ & % & 2Μ6∀(% & (∀8∀(∀2∃∀ & Π & %(∗∀6 & ∗∀ & ∗∀8∀+. & ∗.&
∗#++∀(∃.45%_∃∀+∀&2.&Ν#+∃](#.&∗.,−∀≅∀&0(%7(.6.9
2.3 Fontes
Α&Α[ΛΣ&+#≅∀23#.&.&(∀+0∀#∃%&∗%+&∃#0%+&∗∀&8%2∃∀+&∆%−&∃#0%+&∗∀&≅∀∃(.+Ε9&Κ1&,−.2∃%&
.%&∃.6.2Ν%&∗∀+∃.+/&.&Λ[Φ&ΨΥΞςΥ&(∀3%6∀2∗.&%&∃.6.2Ν%&Ψς&0.(.&%&∃∀Ι∃%&∀&∃.6.2Ν%&
6∀2%(& ∆Λ[Φ&ΨΥΞςΥΕ & 0.(. & .+ & 2%∃.+ & ∗∀ & (%∗.0? & ∀ & 3#∃.4ϑ∀+ & ≅%27.+ & ∆!∀#∃& ∃]0#3%+&
∀+0∀3=8#3%+Ε9 & ∋.(. & ∗∀+∃.,−∀+ & %− & Β28.+∀+/ & −+.Γ+∀ & .≅∃∀(2.∃#<.6∀2∃∀ & ∆∀ & 25%&
53
!∀#∃%&∋()%∗ +,%∀−.∋/)%∗ +0121∃3∀−45/ +647.4%8∃924−5/∗ +:7∃5/ +,%∀/∋.#5&5/ + ∀)%+
&1;1<+5=5∃1−1∃+∀∋<1∃5&5/∗+>∋1∃+∀%+−%∃=%+&%+#∃575.?%∗+>∋1∃+∀%+≅∋<9∃4%+1+
1/#5∃)%+−1∀#∃5.4Α5&5/+1+5+Β−<+&5+<5∃81<+/∋=1∃4%∃+Χ2∆/4−5Ε+&5+2%.?5Φ
01/∋<%+1+!∀#∃%&∋∃+/18∋1<+5+<1/<5+∃18∃5+&1+5.4∀?5<1∀#%+1+∀)%+25∃)%+=5∃#1+&%+
≅∋<9∃4%Φ
!()∗+,−.+!(/−012.3!(+∗4(4.+560.7+
!∀#∃%∀&∋∃(∀%&)∃#∗+,−
27()07/∗57(2∗()∗+,−.+!(8(9!:3!
∋;<;=&∃>?&<≅Α∃≅Β ( #;∀=>ΑΧ&∆ΕΦ ( Α≅Γ%>∃Ε ( Ε; ( >∃Η=>∋ΕΦ ( %≅∋Ε<≅Α∆&Α∆ΕΙ#≅ ( Ε ( ϑ%><≅>%Ε(
Κ%≅Α∃≅(&Ε#(∆≅<&>#Φ(;<&(?≅Λ(Μ;≅(Ε(ϑ≅ΑΝ=∃><Ε(#≅%?≅(Ο#(%≅Κ≅%ΠΑ∋>&#(∀>∀=>ΕΓ%ΗΚ>∋&#(Θ&Ε(
>Α∆>∋&%(Ε(ΑΕ<≅(∆&(Ε∀%&Β(≅(Ε(Ν=∃><Ε(&Ε#(≅#∃%&ΑΓ≅>%>#<Ε#Ρ(
( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (:ΣΕ(ΧΗ(%≅Γ%&(Μ;≅(Ε∀%>Γ;≅(&(&∆ΕΤΣΕ(∆≅(∆≅∃≅%<>Α&∆Ε#(≅Κ≅>∃Ε#(Γ%ΗΚ>∋Ε#(Α&#(
#;∀∆>?>#Υ≅#(∆&(<ΕΑΕΓ%&Κ>&Ρ(5%&∆>∋>ΕΑ&=<≅Α∃≅Φ(#≅;(;#Ε(>Α∆>∋&(Χ>≅%&%Μ;>&(≅(Ε%Γ&Α>Λ&(
?>#;&=<≅Α∃≅(Ε( ∃%&∀&=ΧΕΡ (!Μ;>(#≅ (&ϑ%≅#≅Α∃&<(&=Γ;<&#(#;Γ≅#∃Υ≅#(≅(≅ς≅<ϑ=Ε#(Μ;≅(
ϑΕ∆≅<(#≅%(&∆Ε∃&∆Ε#Ω
Ξ(4!.Ψ+3−Ζ7([∴(ϑΕ∆≅(#≅%(∋;<;=&∆Ε(∋Ε<(Α≅Γ%>∃Ε]
ΞΡΞ(4>ΑΝ#∋;=Ε([∴(ϑΕ∆≅(#≅%(∋;<;=&∆Ε(∋Ε<(>∃Η=>∋Ε(Ε;(Α≅Γ%>∃Ε(Ε;(#;∀=>ΑΧ&∆Ε]
ΞΡΞΡΞ(4>ΑΝ#∋;=Ε([∴(ΑΕ%<&=(Ε;(#;∀=>ΑΧ&∆Ε
ΞΡΞΡΞΡΞ(4>ΑΝ#∋;=Ε([∴(ΑΕ%<&=
2.4 Paginação
:Ε#(5%&∀&=ΧΕ#(!∋&∆Π<>∋Ε#Φ(&(Α;<≅%&ΤΣΕ(∆≅?≅(≅#∃&%(&Ε(&=∃Ε(∆&(ϑΗΓ>Α&Φ(ΑΕ(
∋&Α∃Ε(#;ϑ≅%>Ε%(∆>%≅>∃Ε(∆&(ΚΕ=Χ&Ρ(
&Β(5Ε∆&#(&#(ΚΕ=Χ&#(∆Ε(∃%&∀&=ΧΕ(&(ϑ&%∃>%(∆&(ΚΕ=Χ&(∆≅(%Ε#∃Ε(∆≅?≅<(#≅%(∋ΕΑ∃&∆&#(
#≅Μ⊥≅Α∋>&=<≅Α∃≅Φ(<&#(ΑΣΕ(Α;<≅%&∆&#(Θ:90(Ξ_α_ΒΡ
∀Β (!( ϑ&%∃>% ( ∆& ( >Α∃%Ε∆;ΤΣΕ ( ≅ ( &∃β ( Ε ( Κ>Α&= ( ∆Ε ( ∃%&∀&=ΧΕΦ ( & ( Α;<≅%&ΤΣΕ ( ∆≅?≅(
&ϑ&%≅∋≅%(≅<(&=Γ&%>#<Ε#(&%Η∀>∋Ε#Ρ
2.5 Margens
+≅<ϑ%≅(∋ΕΑ∃&∆&#(∆&(<&%Γ≅<(Κχ#>∋&(∆&(ΚΕ=Χ&Φ(∆≅?≅<(#≅%(%≅Γ;=&∆&#(≅(<&Α∃>∆&#(
∆≅#∆≅ ( & ( ∋&ϑ& ( ∆Ε ( ∃%&∀&=ΧΕΡ (∗< (∋&#Ε ( ∆≅ ( ∃%&∀&=ΧΕ# (<;>∃Ε ( ≅ς∃≅Α#Ε# ( Θ∋Ε< (<;>∃&#(
ϑΗΓ>Α&#ΒΦ ( ΑΣΕ ( &;<≅Α∃&% ( & (<&%Γ≅<(≅#Μ;≅%∆& ( Θ∋Ε<(Ε ( Κ>∃Ε ( ∆≅ (ϑ≅%<>∃>%δΚ&∋>=>∃&% ( &(
=≅>∃;%&ΒΦ(<&#(#><(%≅ϑ&%∃>%(Ε(∃%&∀&=ΧΕ(≅<(∃Ε<Ε#(Ε;(?Ε=;<≅#Ρ(!#(<&%Γ≅Α#(&∃;&=<≅Α∃≅(
≅<(?>ΓΕ%(#ΣΕ(&#(#≅Γ;>Α∃≅#Ω(
4&%Γ≅<(≅#Μ;≅%∆&Ω(ε∋<
4&%Γ≅<(∆>%≅>∃&Ω(α∋<
4&%Γ≅<(#;ϑ≅%>Ε%Ω(ε∋<(
54
!∀#∃%∀&∋∃(∀%&)∃#∗+,−
!∀#∃%&∋(%!∀)∋∗+,(−!∀%∃.∀.(%/0∗(1%
,1∀#∗1)∃/1∀,∃∀#∃%&∋(%!∀2∀3!4−!
.56789∀:;<86:=6>∀?≅9
Α∀%Β7868Χ∆8∀ΕΒ8∀=∀Φ8ΓΦ=∀∆8Η5∀ΗΒ∆Φ:<:≅5Ι=∀;=∀8∆ϑ5Κ=∀8;Φ68∀Φ5:∆∀98Ι:Ι5∆Λ
Α∀1∆∀ΦΜΦΒΝ=∆∀Ι8∀:;Μ≅:=∀Ι8∀∆Β9Ο6:=Π ∀ :;Φ6=ΙΒΚΘ=Π ∀≅=;≅ΝΒ∆Θ=Π ∀8Φ≅Λ∀ΡΙ:Φ=∆∀;Θ=∀
;Β9865Ι=∆Σ∀Ι8Τ89∀∆86 ∀≅8;Φ65Ι=∆∀;5∀ϑΟ7:;5Π ∀5∀Υ≅9∀Ι5∀ς=6Ι5∀∆Βϑ86:=6∀Ι=∀ϑ5ϑ8ΝΠ∀
95;Φ8;Ι=Χ∆8∀5∆∀Ι895:∆∀95678;∆Λ
Α∀1∆∀ΦΜΦΒΝ=∆∀ΕΒ8∀5ς689∀≅5ϑΜΦΒΝ=∆∀ΡΙ:Φ=∆∀;Β9865Ι=∆Σ∀Ι8Τ89∀∆86∀5Ν:;Ω5Ι=∆∀Ξ∀
8∆ΕΒ86Ι5Π ∀5∀Ψ≅9∀Ι5∀ς=6Ι5∀∆Βϑ86:=6Λ ∀1∆∀Ι895:∆∀∆ΒςΦΜΦΒΝ=∆∀Τ:6Θ=∀;5∀∆8ΕΖ[;≅:5∀Ι=∀
Φ8ΓΦ=Π∀∆89ϑ68∀Ξ∀956789∀8∆ΕΒ86Ι5Λ
2.6 Espaços
∃;Φ68Ν:;Ω5∆ ∀Ι=∀ Φ8ΓΦ=> ∀= ∀ϑ5Ι6Θ=∀∴ ∀8∆ϑ5Κ= ∀Β9∀8∀98:= ∀Ρ]Π⊥Σ ∀ Ρ43∗∀]_?_ΣΛ∀
∃;Φ68Ν:;Ω5∆∀Ι8∀;=Φ5∆∀ΡΙ8∀6=Ι5ϑ∴∀=Β∀Ι8∀<:9ΣΠ∀≅:Φ5Κα8∆Π∀68<86[;≅:5∆∀ς:ςΝ:=76Ο<:≅5∆∀8∀
:Φ8;∆∀Ι=∀∆Β9Ο6:=>∀8∆ϑ5Κ=∀∆:9ϑΝ8∆Λ
Α ∀ ,8Τ8Χ∆8 ∀ Ι8:Γ56 ∀ Β95 ∀ Ν:;Ω5 ∀ Ρ=Β ∀ Β9 ∀!∀#!∃Σ ∀ 89 ∀ ς65;≅= ∀ 8;Φ68 ∀ =∆∀
ΦΜΦΒΝ=∆β∆ΒςΦΜΦΒΝ=∆β≅:Φ5Κα8∆∀Ν=;75∆∀8∀=∀ΕΒ8∀=∆∀ϑ68≅8Ι8∀=Β∀∆Β≅8Ι8Λ∀.5∆∀;Θ=∀∆8∀Ι8Τ89∀
Ι8:Γ56∀8∆ϑ5Κ=∆∀8;Φ68∀=∆∀ϑ56Ο765<=∆∀Ι=∀Φ8ΓΦ=Λ
2.7 Alinhamentos
Α∀−5ϑ5∀χ∀Φ=Ι=∆∀=∆∀:Φ8;∆∀∆Θ=∀≅8;Φ65Ν:δ5Ι=∆Λ
Α∀ε=ΝΩ5 ∀Ι8 ∀ 6=∆Φ=> ∀ 8Ν898;Φ=∆ ∀ ≅8;Φ65Ν:δ5Ι=∆Π ∀ Ξ ∀ 8Γ≅8ΚΘ= ∀Ι= ∀ Φ8ΓΦ= ∀=;Ι8 ∀ ∆8∀
:;Ι:≅59∀5∀;5ΦΒ68δ5∀Ι=∀Φ65ς5ΝΩ=Π∀=∀=ςΗ8Φ:Τ=Π∀=∀;=98∀Ι5∀:;∆Φ:ΦΒ:ΚΘ=∀5∀ΕΒ8∀∴∀∆Βς98Φ:Ι5∀
8∀5∀Ο685∀Ι8∀≅=;≅8;Φ65ΚΘ=Π∀ΕΒ8∀Ι8Τ8∀∆86∀5Ν:;Ω5Ι=∀Ι=∀98:=∀ϑ565∀5∀Ι:68:Φ5Λ
Α∀/ΜΦΒΝ=∆∀≅=9∀:;Ι:≅5Φ:Τ=∀;Β9∴6:≅=>∀Ξ∀956789∀8∆ΕΒ86Ι5Λ
Α∀/ΜΦΒΝ=∆∀∆89∀:;Ι:≅5Φ:Τ=∀;Β9∴6:≅=>∀≅8;Φ65Ν:δ5Ι=∆Λ
Α∀−:Φ5Κα8∆∀Ν=;75∆>∀5∀_≅9∀Ι5∀956789∀8∆ΕΒ86Ι5Λ
Α∀∗8<86[;≅:5∆∀3:ςΝ:=76Ο<:≅5∆∀=Β∀1ς65∆∀−=;∆ΒΝΦ5Ι5∆>∀Ξ∀956789∀8∆ΕΒ86Ι5Λ
Α ∀ 4=Φ5∆ ∀ Ι8 ∀ ∗=Ι5ϑ∴> ∀ 95;Φ8;Ι=Χ∆8 ∀ Ν:Τ68 ∀ = ∀ 8∆ϑ5Κ= ∀ 5ς5:Γ= ∀ Ι= ∀ ;φ986=∀
:;Ι:≅5Φ:Τ=∀Ρ=Β∀∆8Η5Π∀5Ν:;Ω5;Ι=Χ∆8∀5∀ϑ56Φ:6∀Ι5∀ϑ6:98:65∀Ν8Φ65∀Ι5∀;=Φ5ΣΛ
2.8 Parágrafos
(;:≅:59Χ∆8∀5∀]Π⊥≅9∀Ι5∀956789∀8∆ΕΒ86Ι5∀ΡΒΦ:Ν:δ56∀5∀6∴7Β5∀Ι=∀γ=6ΙΣΛ∀
1∀:;Ι:≅5Φ:Τ=∀;Β9∴6:≅=∀Ι8∀Β95∀∆8ΚΘ=∀Ρ=Β∀∆Βς∆8ΚΘ=Σ∀ϑ68≅8Ι8∀∆8Β∀ ΦΜΦΒΝ=Π ∀∴∀
5Ν:;Ω5Ι=∀Ξ∀8∆ΕΒ86Ι5∀8∀∆8ϑ565Ι=∀ϑ=6∀Β9∀8∆ϑ5Κ=∀Ι8∀≅565≅Φ868∀χ∀<8:Φ=∀≅=9∀=∀8∆ϑ5Κ5Ι=6∀
Ι=∀γ=6Ι∀ΡΦΜΦΒΝ=∆∀;Β9865Ι=∆∀∆Θ=∀5Ν:;Ω5Ι=∆∀Ξ∀8∆ΕΒ86Ι5∀χ∀]_?_∀>∀?ηη?ΣΛ∀
45∆∀≅:Φ5Κα8∆∀Ν=;75∆∀ΕΒ8∀:;:≅:89∀89∀ϑ56Ο765<=∆Π∀Ι8Τ8Χ∆8∀=ς∆86Τ56∀=∀98∆9=Π∀
≅=9∀]Π⊥≅9∀;5∀ϑ6ιϑ6:5∀≅:Φ5ΚΘ=∀ΕΒ8Π∀;=∀≅5∆=Π∀8∆Φ56Ο∀5∀_≅9∀Ι5∀956789∀8∆ΕΒ86Ι5∀Ι5∀
55
!∀#∃%&∋(%!∀)∋∗+,(−!∀%∃.∀.(%/0∗(1%
!∀#∃%∀&∋∃(∀%&)∃#∗+,−
,1∀#∗1)∃/1∀,∃∀#∃%&∋(%!∀2∀3!4−!
56789:∀;∀<=>:?6∀=∀≅ΑΒ∀Χ=∀?;∆Ε=∀Χ;∀5:?67?:Φ=Γ∀−:<=∀9Η=∀898∆8;∀5=?∀5:?67?:Φ=∀9=∀
Ι;ϑΙ=∀=?8789:ΚΑ∀898∆8:?∀:∀Λ∆>∀Χ:∀>:?7;>∀;<ΜΕ;?Χ:Γ
2.9 Citações
,;Ν;Ο<;∀Ι=>:?∀∆Ε8Χ:Χ=∀9:∀<Ε:∀ΕΙ8Κ8Π:ΘΗ=Γ∀(9Χ8∆:?∀<;>5?;∀:∀Φ=9Ι;∀Χ;∀=9Χ;∀<;∀
?;Ι8?: ∀: ∀ 89Φ=?>:ΘΗ=∀ Ρ;>∀∆8Ι:ΘΣ;< ∀Χ8?;Ι:< ∀=Ε∀5:?6Φ?:<;<Τ ∀; ∀5?=∆Ε?:? ∀9Η=∀ Ι=?9:? ∀:∀
>=9=7?:Φ8: ∀ Ε>: ∀>;?: ∀ ?;Ε98Η= ∀ Χ; ∀ ∆8Ι:ΘΣ;<Γ ∀!< ∀ ∆8Ι:ΘΣ;< ∀ 5=<<Ε;> ∀ : ∀ ΦΕ9ΘΗ= ∀ Χ;∀
?;Φ=?Θ:? ∀= ∀:?7Ε>;9Ι=∀;>∀Χ;Ι;?>89:Χ=< ∀:<<Ε9Ι=<Α ∀5=?∀ 8<<= ∀Υ ∀9;∆;<<6?8= ∀ Ι;? ∀ς=>∀
<;9<=Γ∀#:?:∀:∆;?Ι:?∀9:∀<Ε:∀Φ=?>:Α∀=ς<;?Ν:?∀5?8>;8?:>;9Ι;∀<;∀:∀∆8Ι:ΘΗ=∀Υ∀89Χ8?;Ι:∀=Ε∀
Χ8?;Ι:∀;Α∀9;<Ι;∀ΕΚΙ8>=∀∆:<=Α∀Κ=97:∀=Ε∀ς?;Ν;Γ∀Ω;Ξ:Ο<;Ψ
Ζ∀(9Χ8?;Ι:<∀Ρ5:?6Φ?:<;ΤΨ∀=9Χ;∀Υ∀;ϑ5?;<<=∀=∀5;9<:>;9Ι=∀Χ=∀:ΕΙ=?∀5;<ΜΕ8<:Χ=∀
∆=>∀:<∀5:Κ:Ν?:<∀Χ=∀5;<ΜΕ8<:Χ=?Γ ∀ (9Χ8∆:? ∀= ∀9=>;∀Χ=∀:ΕΙ=? ∀; ∀ ?;78<Ι?:? ∀= ∀:9= ∀Χ:∀
5ΕςΚ8∆:ΘΗ=∀Χ:∀=ς?:∀5;<ΜΕ8<:Χ:∀;9Ι?;∀5:?[9Ι;<;<Α∀Κ=7=∀:=∀Κ:Χ=∀Ρ<8<Ι;>:∀:ΕΙ=?ΟΧ:Ι:ΤΓ∀
−=>=∀:ΚΙ;?9:Ι8Ν:∀;∀∆=>∀:∀Φ89:Κ8Χ:Χ;∀Χ;∀Κ8>5:?∀=∀Ι;ϑΙ=∀ΡΙ;9Χ[9∆8:∀:ΙΕ:ΚΤΑ∀5=Χ;Ο<;∀
Φ:Π;?∀:∀?;Φ;?[9∆8:∀Χ:∀=ς?:∀Ρ∆=>5Κ;Ι:∀9:∀5?8>;8?:∀Ν;Π∀ΜΕ;∀<;∀:∀∆8Ι:∀;∀?;<Ε>8Χ:∀9:<∀<;7Ε89Ι;<Τ∀9:∀9=Ι:∀Χ;∀?=Χ:5ΥΓ∀∃<∆=Κ∴;?∀:5;9:<∀Ε>∀Χ=<∀<8<Ι;>:<∀5:?:∀:∀89Χ8∆:ΘΗ=∀Χ:<∀
?;Φ;?[9∆8:< ∀ς8ςΚ8=7?6Φ8∆:< ∀ΜΕ;Α ∀ 5=?Ι:9Ι=Α ∀ <; ∀;ϑ∆ΚΕ;>∀>ΕΙΕ:>;9Ι;Ψ ∀ :ΕΙ=?ΟΧ:Ι: ∀=Ε∀
9=Ι:∀Χ;∀?=Χ:5ΥΓ
Ζ∀,8?;Ι:∀ΡΙ;ϑΙΕ:ΚΤΨ∀=9Χ;∀<Η=∀Ι?:9<∆?8Ι:<∀:<∀5:Κ:Ν?:<∀Χ=∀:ΕΙ=?Α ∀!∀#!#∃%!&&∋(!#)∃
#=Χ;>∀<;?∀ς?;Ν;<∀=Ε∀Κ=97:<Γ∀!∀Φ=9Ι;∀Χ;Ν;∀<;?∀<;>5?;∀89Χ8∆:Χ:∀Ρ<Ε7;?;Ο<;∀∆=Κ=∆6Ο
Κ:<∀9:<∀9=Ι:<∀Χ;∀?=Χ:5ΥΤΓ
:Τ∀&Ε:9Χ=∀Κ=97:<∀ΡΜΕ;∀ΕΚΙ?:5:<<:>∀Ι?[<∀Κ89∴:<∀Χ;∀Ι;ϑΙ=∀∆=??8Χ=Α∀Χ;∀>:?7;>∀:∀
>:?7;>ΤΑ∀898∆8:>Ο<;∀:∀≅]∀Ι=ΜΕ;<∀Ρ=Ε∀Λ∆>Τ∀Χ:∀>:?7;>∀;<ΜΕ;?Χ:Α∀<Η=∀;<∆?8Ι:<∀;>∀
Ι:>:9∴= ∀>;9=? ∀ Ρ43∗∀≅Λ⊥_ΛΤΑ ∀ ∆=>∀;<5:Θ:>;9Ι= ∀ <8>5Κ;< ∀ ;9Ι?; ∀ :< ∀ Κ89∴:<Α ∀ <;>∀
;Φ;8Ι=∀8Ι6Κ8∆=Α∀<;>∀:<5:<∀ΧΕ5Κ:<Γ
ςΤ∀&Ε:9Χ=∀ς?;Ν;<∀Ρ:ΙΥ∀Ι?[<∀Κ89∴:<∀Χ;∀>:?7;>∀:∀>:?7;>ΤΑ∀Φ8∆:>∀89<;?8Χ:<∀9=∀
∆=?5=∀Χ=∀Ι;ϑΙ=Α∀>:9Ι;9Χ=Ο<;∀=∀Ι:>:9∴=∀Ε<Ε:Κ∀ΡΙ:>:9∴=∀≅_Τ∀;∀=∀>;<>=∀;<5:Θ=∀
;9Ι?;∀:<∀Κ89∴:<Γ∀,;Ν;Ο<;Α∀9=∀;9Ι:9Ι=Α∀∆=Κ=∆6ΟΚ=∀;9Ι?;∀:<5:<∀;∀<;>∀=∀;Φ;8Ι=∀8Ι6Κ8∆=∀
Ρ43∗∀≅Β_ΤΓ∀!<∀:<5:<∀<8>5Κ;<∀<;?Η=∀ΕΙ8Κ8Π:Χ:<∀5:?:∀89Χ8∆:?∀∆8Ι:ΘΗ=∀9=∀89Ι;?8=?∀Χ:∀
5?α5?8:∀∆8Ι:ΘΗ=Γ
Ζ ∀ ∋Ι8Κ8Π:>Ο<; ∀ ?;Ι8∆[9∆8:< ∀ ;9Ι?; ∀ ∆=Κ∆∴;Ι;< ∀ βΓΓΓχ ∀ :5;9:< ∀ ΜΕ:9Χ= ∀ ∴=ΕΝ;?∀
<Ε5?;<<Η=∀Χ;∀Ι?;∆∴=<∀Χ;9Ι?=∀Χ=∀Ι;ϑΙ=∀∆8Ι:Χ=∀=Ε∀ΜΕ:9Χ=∀=∀Ι?;∆∴=∀∆8Ι:Χ=∀9Η=∀Υ∀Ε>:∀
<;9Ι;9Θ:∀∆=>5Κ;Ι:∀Ρ∆=>;Θ=ΕΟ<;∀Χ:∀>;Ι:Χ;Α∀<Ε5?8>8ΕΟ<;∀<;Ε∀>;8=∀=Ε∀;9∆;??=ΕΟ<;∀
:9Ι;<∀Χ;∀<;Ε∀ΙΥ?>89=Τ∀δ∀43∗∀≅Β_Ψ_≅Γ
Ζ∀(9Ι;?5=Κ:ΘΣ;<∀5;<<=:8< ∀;∀∆=>;9Ι6?8=<∀Χ;Ν;>∀<;? ∀ Φ;8Ι=< ∀;9Ι?;∀∆=Κ∆∴;Ι;<∀
β∆=>;9Ι6?8=<χ∀δ∀43∗∀≅Β_Γ
Ζ∀#:?:∀;9Φ:Ι8Π:? ∀Ι?;∆∴=<∀Χ:<∀∆8Ι:ΘΣ;<Α ∀ΕΙ8Κ8Π:?∀=∀<ΕςΚ89∴:Χ=∀=Ε∀=∀9;7?8Ι=Α∀
89Φ=?>:9Χ=∀:=∀Φ89:Κ ∀Χ:∀∆8Ι:ΘΗ=∀;∀;9Ι?; ∀5:?[9Ι;<;< ∀7?8Φ=ΕΟ<;)∀ %;∀=∀ Ι;ϑΙ=∀=?8789:Κ∀
56
!∀#∃%∀&∋∃(∀%&)∃#∗+,−
!∀#∃%&∋(%!∀)∋∗+,(−!∀%∃.∀.(%/0∗(1%
,1∀#∗1)∃/1∀,∃∀#∃%&∋(%!∀2∀3!4−!
56789:;< ∀=>?≅Α∀ 8<;5Β6∀Χ;∆8=5=Χ6 ∀;Α∀7;?<986Ε ∀ 97Φ6<Α=<Γ ∀?<9Φ6 ∀Χ6∀=≅86<Ε ∀ 8=ΑΗΙΑ∀
;78<;∀ϑ=<Κ78;∆;∆∀Λ∀43∗∀ΜΝΟΠΝΘ
2.10 Notas de Rodapé
/=Α=7Β6 ∀Α;76<∀ Ρ≅;∀6∀≅89>9Σ=Χ6∀=6∀>67?6∀Χ6∀8;Τ86Ε ∀;∆ϑ=Υ6∀∆9Αϑ>;∆Ε ∀8;Τ86∀
ς≅∆89Φ95=Χ6Ε∀=>97Β=Χ6∀=∀ϑ=<89<∀Χ=∀ϑ<9Α;9<=∀>;8<=∀Χ=∀768=Ε∀Χ;9Τ=7Χ6Ω∆;∀6∀;∆ϑ=Υ6∀=Η=9Τ6∀
Χ6∀7ΞΑ;<6∀Χ=∀768=∀>9:<;Θ∀,;∆897=ΑΩ∆;∀=∀Χ9:;<∆6∆∀Φ97∆Ε∀;78<;∀;>;∆∀97Χ95=<∀=∀6<9?;Α∀Χ;∀
≅Α=∀598=ΥΨ6∀Φ;98=∀76∀56<ϑ6∀Χ6∀8;Τ86∀Ζ5Β=Α=Ω∆;∀468=∀Χ;∀∗;Φ;<Κ759=[Ε∀∆;7Χ6∀7;∆8;∀
5=∆6 ∀ ∆9∆8;Α= ∀ =>8;<7=89:6 ∀ =6 ∀ =≅86<ΩΧ=8=Θ ∀ #6Χ;Α ∀ 8<=Σ;<Ε ∀ =97Χ=Ε ∀ ;Τϑ>95=Υ∴;∆Ε∀
=5<Ι∆59Α6∆Ε∀56Α;78]<96∆Ε∀56Αϑ<6:=Υ∴;∆Ε∀<;Α9∆∆∴;∆Ε∀8<=Χ≅Υ∴;∆Ε∀;85Θ∀ΖΡ≅=7Χ6∀∆;<Ψ6∀
5Β=Α=Χ=∆ ∀ Χ; ∀468=∆ ∀∃Τϑ>95=89:=∆[Θ ∀ ∃∆8=<Ψ6 ∀ ∆;Αϑ<; ∀ =ϑ6∆8=∆ ∀ =6 ∀ Φ97=> ∀ Χ= ∀ ϑ]?97=Ε∀
∆;ϑ=<=Χ=∆∀Χ6∀8;Τ86∀ϑ6<∀≅Α∀8<=Υ6∀Χ;∀=ϑ<6Τ9Α=Χ=Α;78;∀Μ⊥_∀Χ=∀>=<?≅<=∀Ξ89>∀Χ=∀Φ6>Β=∀
ΖΧ;∆5678=Χ=∆∀=∆∀Α=<?;7∆Ε∀ϑ6<8=786[Ε∀6∀Ρ≅;∀56<<;∆ϑ67Χ;<9=∀=∀=ϑ<6Τ9Α=Χ=Α;78;∀ΠΝ∀
86Ρ≅;∆∀ΖΟ5Α[∀=∀ϑ=<89<∀Χ=∀Α=<?;Α∀;∆Ρ≅;<Χ=Θ∀!∆∀768=∆∀Χ;∀Φ9Α∀Χ;∀5=ϑ8≅>6∀6≅∀Χ;∀Φ9Α∀
Χ; ∀ 8<=Η=>Β6Ε ∀ ϑ6< ∀ ∆;<;Α ∀ ϑ6≅56 ∀ ϑ<]895=∆Ε ∀ Χ;:;Α ∀ ∆;< ∀ ;:98=Χ=∆ ∀ 7=∆ ∀.676?<=Φ9=∆∀
)≅<Χ95=∆Θ
2.11 Fontes Bibliográficas
4=∆ ∀Α676?<=Φ9=∆ ∀Ρ≅; ∀ ∆; ∀ ≅89>9Σ;Α ∀Χ; ∀ Φ678; ∀ Η9Η>96?<]Φ95=Ε ∀ ∆;<] ∀ 7;5;∆∆]<96∀
<;Φ;<9Ω>=∆Ε∀8;7Β=Α∀∆9Χ6∀598=Χ=∆∀;Τϑ<;∆∆=Α;78;∀6≅∀7Ψ6Θ∀!∆∆9ΑΕ∀6∀Α67α?<=Φ6∀Χ;:;<]∀
;∆56>Β;<∀Ρ≅=>∀∆9∆8;Α=∀≅89>9Σ=<]∀Ρ≅=7Χ6∀Χ=∀<;Χ=ΥΨ6∀Χ=∀ϑ<9Α;9<=∀<;Φ;<Κ759=∀;Α∀∆;≅∀
8;Τ86∀Ζ76<Α=>Α;78;∀;Α∀Φ≅7ΥΨ6∀Χ;∀=>?≅Α=∀598=ΥΨ6∀Φ;98=[Γ∀6≅∀∆9∆8;Α=∀=≅86<ΩΧ=8=∀6≅∀
∆9∆8;Α=∀Χ;∀768=∆∀Χ;∀<6Χ=ϑΙΘ∀!∀Ρ≅;∆8Ψ6∀∆;<]∀Α;>Β6<∀;Τϑ>9598=Χ=∀=∀∆;?≅9<Θ
=[∀(7Χ95=Υ∴;∆∀Χ≅<=78;∀6∀8;Τ86Γ∀ϑ6Χ;Α∀∆;<∀Φ;98=∆∀7;>;∀56Α∀=∆∀<;Φ;<Κ759=∆∀;78<;∀
ϑ=<Κ78;∆;∆∀Ζ!∋/1∗Ε∀=76∀Χ;∀ϑ≅Η>95=ΥΨ6Ε∀ϑ]?97=[Ε∀;Α∀768=∆∀Χ;∀<6Χ=ϑΙ∀6≅∀;Α∀>9∆8=∀
76∀Φ97=> ∀Χ6∀5=ϑ8≅>6∀6≅∀76∀Φ9Α∀Χ6∀ 8<=Η=>Β6∀ Ζ<;5;Η;7Χ6∀6∀76Α;∀Χ;∀∗;Φ;<Κ759=∆∀
39Η>96?<]Φ95=∆∀Λ∀:Θ∀98;Α∀;∆ϑ;5Φ956[_βΘ∀%≅?;<;Ω∆;∀=∀≅89>9Σ=ΥΨ6∀Χ=∆∀768=∆∀Χ;∀<6Χ=ϑΙΕ∀
ϑ=<=∀6∀Ρ≅;∀∆;∀Χ;:;∀8;<∀=>?≅Α∀5≅9Χ=Χ6∀56Α∀=∀Φ6<Α=8=ΥΨ6∀Χ6∀8;Τ86∀Ζ7Ψ6∀<=<6Ε∀=∆∀768=∆∀
Χ;∆>65=ΑΩ∆;Ε∀=Φ=∆8=7Χ6Ω∆;∀Χ;∀∆≅=∀5Β=Α=Χ=[Θ∀,;∀=56<Χ6∀56Α∀=∀43∗∀χΝΠ_∀δ∀ΜΝΟΠΝΕ∀
=∀ϑ<9Α;9<=∀598=ΥΨ6∀Χ;∀≅Α=∀Φ678;∀Χ;:;∀8<=Σ;<∀∆;≅∆∀Χ=Χ6∆∀56Αϑ>;86∆∀Ζ76<Α=>Α;78;Γ∀
=≅86<Ε∀6Η<=Ε∀>65=>Ε∀;Χ986<=Ε∀=76Ε∀ϑ]?97=[∀;∀=∆∀∆≅Η∆;Ρε;78;∆∀ϑ6Χ;Α∀∆;<∀=Η<;:9=Χ=∆∀
Ζ=≅86<Ε∀6Η<=∀;∀ϑ]?97=[Ε∀6∀Ρ≅;∀>;:=∀φ∀5675>≅∆Ψ6Ε∀ϑ6<∀=>?≅7∆Ε∀Ρ≅;∀5=<=Α∀;Α∀Χ;∆≅∆6∀=∆∀
;Τϑ<;∆∆∴;∆∀!∀#∃%&!∋!∀#∃%&()∗&+!,∗%∀;78<;∀6≅8<=∆Θ
Η[∀∗;Φ;<Κ759=∆∀39Η>96?<]Φ95=∆Γ∀−!∀#∀98;Α∀;∆ϑ;5Φ956Ε∀=∀∆;?≅9<Θ
2.11.1 Referências bibliográficas
!78;∆∀Χ;∀8≅Χ6Ε∀Ι∀9Αϑ6<8=78;∀Χ;∆8=5=<∀6∀;Ρ≅:656∀7=∀≅89>9Σ=ΥΨ6∀Χ;∀>9∆8=∀∆6Η∀=∀
Χ;76Α97=ΥΨ6∀∆97?;>=∀;∀=Αϑ>∆∆9Α=∀Χ;∀Η9Η>96?<=Φ9=Θ∀!∀!34/∀Χ;Χ95=Ω∆;∀=∀;Τϑ>95=<∀6∀
_β ∀,;∆8=Ρ≅;Ω∆;∀Ρ≅;∀=∀!34/∀ϑ<;5679Σ=∀Φ6<Α=∆∀Χ9:;<∆=∆∀Χ;∀<;Φ;<;759=ΥΨ6Ε∀φ∀;∆56>Β=∀Χ6∀=≅86<∀Χ=∀Α676?<=Φ9=Θ∀
∃78<;8=786Ε∀≅Α=∀:;Σ∀;∆56>Β9Χ=∀≅Α=∀Χ=∆∀Φ6<Α=∆Ε∀;∆8=∀Χ;:;∀∆;<∀∆;?≅9Χ=∀Χ6∀97596∀=6∀Φ9Α∀Χ6∀8<=Η=>Β6Θ
57
!∀#∃%&∋(%!∀)∋∗+,(−!∀%∃.∀.(%/0∗(1%
!∀#∃%∀&∋∃(∀%&)∃#∗+,−
,1∀#∗1)∃/1∀,∃∀#∃%&∋(%!∀2∀3!4−!
5678 ∀6 ∀89:;<= ∀8;5>?6= ∀ ≅<Α≅Β87∀8 ∀<6Β6==≅Α8Α6 ∀Α6∀ =6 ∀Α≅=Χ>? ∀Α6 ∀Α>≅= ∀ =65>?6= ∀<8=∀
7><>:?8∆≅8=∀Β≅6<5Ε∆≅Β8=Φ∀8=∀?6∆6?Γ<Β≅8=∀Η≅Η9≅>:?Ι∆≅Β8=∀ϑ>Η?8=∀;5≅9≅Κ8Α8=∀<>∀5?8Η89Λ>Μ∀
6 ∀ 8= ∀>Η?8= ∀Β><=;958Α8= ∀ ϑ>Η?8= ∀Ν;6 ∀76=7>∀<Ο>∀76<Β≅><8Α8= ∀<> ∀ 5?8Η89Λ> ∀ ∆>?87∀
;5≅9≅Κ8Α8=∀Χ69>∀8;5>?ΜΠ∀#>Α6Θ=6∀Α≅Κ6?∀Ν;6∀87Η8=∀Χ>==;67∀∆;<ΡΟ>∀≅<∆>?785≅Σ8∀8Β6?Β8∀
Α8= ∀ ∆><56= ∀Α>∀ 5?8Η89Λ>Τ ∀Χ6?7≅5≅<Α>∀8 ∀Ν;67∀Ν;6? ∀Ν;6∀ 56<Λ8∀8Β6==>∀8>∀76=7>∀8∀
Β><∆6?Γ<Β≅8 ∀Α8= ∀76=78= ∀6 ∀8 ∀Β>7Χ?66<=Ο>Τ ∀Χ69> ∀7856?≅89 ∀;5≅9≅Κ8Α>Τ ∀Α8∀ 9≅<Λ8 ∀Α6∀
?8Β≅>ΒΕ<≅>∀8Α>58Α8Π∀,6Σ67Θ=6∀>Η=6?Σ8?Τ∀Ν;8<5>∀Υ=∀76=78=Τ∀=6;=∀69676<5>=∀6∀∆>?78∀
Α6∀Α≅=Χ>=≅ΡΟ>Π∀
8Μ∀∃9676<5>=Φ∀=Ο>∀>=∀Β>7Χ><6<56=∀Α6∀;78∀≅<∆>?78ΡΟ>∀Η≅Η9≅>:?Ι∆≅Β8∀ϑ=6ς8∀<8=∀
?6∆6?Γ<Β≅8=∀Η≅Η9≅>:?Ι∆≅Β8=∀>;∀<8=∀>Η?8=∀Β><=;958Α8=ΜΤ ∀Α≅Σ≅Α67Θ=6∀67∀6==6<Β≅8≅=∀6∀
Β>7Χ9676<58?6=Π∀1=∀69676<5>=∀6==6<Β≅8≅=∀=Ο>∀8Ν;696=∀Ν;6∀<Ο>∀Χ>Α67∀∆8958?Τ∀=6<Α>∀
>Η?≅:85Ω?≅>=Τ∀Χ>?58<5>∀ϑ8;5>?Τ∀5Ε5;9>Τ∀6Α≅ΡΟ>∀Ξ∀8∀Χ8?5≅?∀Α8∀ΨΖΤ∀9>Β89Τ∀6Α≅5>?8Τ∀8<>∀Α6∀
Χ;Η9≅Β8ΡΟ>ΜΠ∀)Ι∀>=∀69676<5>=∀Β>7Χ9676<58?6=∀=Ο>∀>ΧΒ≅><8≅=∀6∀<Ο>Θ>Η?≅:85Ω?≅>=∀6∀
Χ>==;67∀Χ>?∀∆;<ΡΟ>∀=>76<56∀8;[≅9≅8?∀Χ8?8∀;78∀769Λ>?∀Β8?8Β56?≅Κ8ΡΟ>∀Α8=∀>Η?8=∀
ϑ6[67Χ9>=Φ ∀ ΧΙ:≅<8= ∀ Β><=;958Α8=∴ ∀ 5>589 ∀ Α6 ∀ ΧΙ:≅<8= ∀ Α8 ∀ >Η?8∴ ∀ ≅<Α≅Β8ΡΟ> ∀ Α8 ∀ =]?≅6Τ∀
Β>96ΡΟ>Τ∀Β8Α6?<>Τ∀=;Χ9676<5>∴∀≅<Α≅Β8ΡΟ>∀Α>∀Σ>9;76Τ∀5>7>Τ∀∆8=ΒΕΒ;9>∴∀≅<Α≅Β8Α>?∀Α8∀
Χ6?≅>Α≅Β≅Α8Α6∀Α6∀Χ;Η9≅Β8ΡΟ>∀Ξ∀=6∀?6Σ≅=58=∴ ∀ ≅<Α≅Β8Α>?∀Α6∀Β>9;<8∀>;∀Β8Α6?<>∀Ξ∀=6∀
ς>?<8≅=Τ∀65ΒΠΜΠ
)Ι∀6[≅=567∀>=∀Ν;6∀8ΑΣ>:87∀8∀≅Α]≅8∀Α6∀Ν;6∀67∀58≅=∀9≅=58:6<=∀8Χ6<8=∀Α6Σ67∀
Β><=58?∀8=∀>Η?8=∀ϑ∆><56=∀Η≅Η9≅>:?Ι∆≅Β8=ΜΤ∀=6<Α>∀Ν;6∀Α>Β;76<5>=∀Α6Σ67∀56?∀=;8∀∆><56∀
≅<∆>?78Α8∀67∀<>58∀Α6∀?>Α8Χ]∀6∀8=∀≅<∆>?78Ρ⊥6=∀>?≅;<Α8=∀Α6∀Χ6=Ν;≅=8∀Α6∀Β87Χ>Τ∀<>=∀
8<6[>=Π
ΗΜ∀−>7>∀?6∆6?≅?_
/?8Η89Λ8Θ=6 ∀ Β>7 ∀ ΒΛ8Σ6=ΘΧ8Α?Ο>Τ ∀ >; ∀ =6ς8Τ ∀ Χ8?8 ∀ Α656?7≅<8Α>= ∀ 5≅Χ>= ∀ Α6∀
7856?≅8≅=Τ ∀ =67Χ?6 ∀ >= ∀76=7>= ∀ 69676<5>=Τ ∀ Α≅=Χ>=5>= ∀ Α8 ∀76=78 ∀ ∆>?78 ∀ 6 ∀ Β>7 ∀ 8∀
76=78∀Χ><5;8ΡΟ>∀6<5?6∀>=∀76=7>=αΠ∀
(<≅Β≅8Θ=6Τ∀=67Χ?6∀ϑ=89Σ>∀8;=Γ<Β≅8∀Α>∀Α8Α>ΜΤ∀Χ69>∀<>76∀Α>∀8;5>?∀Ν;6∀Σ≅?Ι∀67∀
78≅β=Β;98=∀6∀>=∀Χ?6<>76=∀67∀7≅<β=Β;98=Τ∀8ΧΩ=∀;78∀ΣΕ?:;98∀ϑ%(χδ!Τ∀)>Ο>∀%>;Κ8ΜΠ∀
&;8<Α>∀>∀<>76∀Β><5≅Σ6?∀;7∀≅<Α≅Β85≅Σ>∀Α6∀Χ8?6<56=Β>∀ϑςβ<≅>?Τ∀∆≅9Λ>Τ∀<65>Τ∀65ΒΠΜΤ∀6=56∀
587Η]7∀=6:;6 ∀67∀78≅β=Β;9> ∀6 ∀Χ>? ∀6[56<=> ∀ ϑ%(χδ!∀ 4∃/1Τ∀)>Ο> ∀%>;Κ8ΜΠ ∀%6 ∀>∀
=>Η?6<>76∀Β><5≅Σ6? ∀Χ8?5ΕΒ;98= ∀ ϑΑ6Τ ∀Α8Τ ∀ 65ΒΠΜΤ ∀ 6==8= ∀ 8Χ8?6Β67∀ ς;<5> ∀ 8> ∀Χ?6<>76∀
ϑ%(χδ!Τ∀)>Ο>∀Α8ΜΠ∀&;8<Α>∀Λ>;Σ6?∀78≅=∀Α6∀;7∀8;5>?Φ∀8∀<>Σ8∀Σ6?=Ο>∀Α8∀43∗∀78<Α8∀
Β≅58?∀5>Α>=∀85]∀>∀<β76?>∀Α6∀5?Γ=Τ∀=6Χ8?8<Α>∀>=∀<>76=∀Χ>?∀Χ><5>∀6∀ΣΕ?:;98Π∀&;8<Α>∀
Λ>;Σ6?∀78≅=∀Ν;6∀5?Γ=∀8;5>?6=Τ∀Α6Σ6Θ=6∀;5≅9≅Κ8?∀8∀6[Χ?6==Ο>∀985≅<8∀!∀#∃%&∀ϑΝ;6∀=≅:<≅∆≅Β8∀
ε6∀>;5?>=φΜ∀9>:>∀8ΧΩ=∀>∀<>76∀Α>∀Χ?≅76≅?>∀8;5>?∀ϑ%(χδ!Τ∀)>Ο>∀%>;Κ8∀!∀#∃%ΠΜΠ∀&;8<Α>∀
ΛΙ ∀ >?:8<≅Κ8Α>?6= ∀ >; ∀ Β>>?Α6<8Α>?6= ∀ ϑ>Η?8= ∀ Β>965≅Σ8=ΜΤ ∀ Β>9>Β8Θ=6 ∀ > ∀ <>76 ∀ Α>∀
>?:8<≅Κ8Α>?∀<8∀∆>?78∀Χ8Α?Ο>∀6∀9>:>∀8ΧΩ=∀≅==>Τ∀6<5?6∀Χ8?Γ<56=6=∀6∀8Η?6Σ≅8Α876<56Τ∀8∀
Α6=≅:<8ΡΟ>∀Β>??6=Χ><Α6<56∀ϑ%(χδ!Τ∀)>Ο>∀%>;Κ8∀ϑ>?:ΠΜ∀>;∀ϑΒ>>?ΑΠΜΜΠ
α ∀δ6?∀6[67Χ9>=∀<>∀8<6[>∀γ∀Α6=56∀9≅Σ?>Π
58
!∀#∃%∀&∋∃(∀%&)∃#∗+,−
!∀#∃%&∋(%!∀)∋∗+,(−!∀%∃.∀.(%/0∗(1%
,1∀#∗1)∃/1∀,∃∀#∃%&∋(%!∀2∀3!4−!
456 ∀ 789756 ∀ 68: ∀ ;<75=>;? ∀ ; ∀ =8≅8=8ΑΒ>;Χ∆5 ∀ >Α>Β>; ∀ Ε8Φ5 ∀ Ε=ΓΕ=>5 ∀ 7Η7<Φ5? ∀ Β<Ι;∀
Ε=>:8>=;∀Ε;Φ;ϑ=;∀Κ8∀Ε;=7ΗΒ<Φ;6∀;?∀Λ;?∀87ΒΜΝ∀Λ8ϑ8∀68=∀86Β=>7;∀8:∀:;>Ο6Β<Φ;6Μ∀&<;ΑΛ5∀5∀
;<75=∀≅5=∀<:;∀8Α7>Λ;Λ8∀Κ5=Π;Α>Θ;Χ∆5?∀;665Β>;Χ∆5?∀87ΒΜΝ?∀68<∀Α5:8∀Λ8ϑ8∀68=∀86Β=>75∀
8:∀:;>Ο6Β<Φ;6∀8∀Ε5=∀8978Α65Μ∀
4;6∀7=;Λ<ΧΡ86?∀>ΑΛ>Β;Σ68∀5∀Α5:8∀Λ5∀7=;Λ<75=∀8∀;∀6>7<;Χ∆5∀Λ8∀78975∀7=;Λ<Θ>Λ5∀
Φ5Π5∀;ΕΓ6∀5∀7Η7<Φ5∀Λ;∀5Τ=;Μ∀1∀Α5:8∀Λ5∀;<75=?∀Ε5=7;Α75?∀Ε8=:;Α8Β8∀Α;∀=8≅8=8ΑΒ>;Χ∆5Μ∀1∀7Η7<Φ5∀5=>Π>Α;Φ∀Λ5∀Φ>ϑ=5∀68Π<8∀Λ8Ε5>6∀Λ8∀=8≅8=8ΑΒ>;Λ;∀75Λ;∀;∀5Τ=;∀Κ%(Υς!?∀)5∆5∀
%5<Θ;Μ ∀.875Λ5Φ5Π>; ∀Λ5 ∀∃Α6>Α5 ∀)<=ΗΛ>Β5Μ ∀/=;Λ<Θ>Λ5 ∀Ε5= ∀ )56Ω ∀Λ8∀1Φ>ϑ8>=;Μ ∀#5=75∀
!Φ8Π=8∀Ξ∀∃,(#∋−∗%?∀ΨΖΖ[Μ∀/=;Λ<Χ∆5∀Λ8Ξ∀.875Λ5Φ5Π>;∀Λ8∀Φ;∀8Α68∴;ΑΘ;∀Ι<=ΗΛ>Β;ΝΜ∀
1∀68Π<ΑΛ5∀8Φ8:8Α75∀Λ8∀Λ867;]<8∀Ω∀5∀7Η7<Φ5∀Λ;∀5Τ=;Ξ∀>ΑΛ>Β⊥ΣΦ5∀7;Φ∀Β5:5∀Α;∀
5Τ=;? ∀ :86:5 ∀ ]<8 ∀ 8978Α65Μ ∀ 16 ∀ 6<Τ7Η7<Φ56 ∀ Ε5Λ8: ∀ 68= ∀ 6<Ε=>:>Λ56Μ ∀ &<;Α75 ∀ ;56∀
Λ867;]<86∀Λ8∀7>Ε5Π=;≅>;?∀;∀!34/∀Α∆5∀7=;Θ∀Α;Λ;∀5Τ=>Π;7Γ=>5∀;∀=86Ε8>75∀8∀=8Β5:8ΑΛ;Σ
68∀;∀<7>Φ>Θ;Χ∆5∀Λ5∀Α8Π=>75∀Ε;=;∀7;ΦΜ
4Ο:8=5 ∀ Λ; ∀ 8Λ>Χ∆5Ξ ∀ ; ∀ Ε=>:8>=; ∀ 8Λ>Χ∆5 ∀ Α∆5 ∀ Ε=8Β>6; ∀ 68= ∀ :8ΑΒ>5Α;Λ;?∀
6<Τ8Α78ΑΛ8Σ68∀]<8∀;∀;<6_ΑΒ>;∀Λ8∀>ΑΛ>Β;Χ∆5∀=8≅8=8Σ68∀∀αβ∀8Λ>Χ∆5Μ∀(ΑΛ>Β;Σ68?∀;∀Ε;=7>=∀
Λ;∀Ψβ?∀Β5:∀;ΦΠ;=>6:5∀;=⊥Τ>Β5∀68Π<>Λ5∀Λ8∀Ε5Α75∀8∀Λ;∀;Τ=8ϑ>;7<=;∀χ8ΛΜδ∀ΚΨΜ8ΛΜΝΜ∀%8∀
ε5<ϑ8=∀;Β=Ω6Β>:56?∀;7<;Φ>Θ;ΧΡ86∀8∀=8ϑ>6Ρ86?∀86686∀7;:ΤΩ:∀Ε5Λ8:∀68=∀>Α≅5=:;Λ56∀Α;∀
68]φ_ΑΒ>;∀ΚΨΜ8ΛΜ∀=8ϑΜ∀8∀;7<;Φ>ΘΜΝΜ∀/;Φ∀>ΑΛ>Β;Χ∆5∀Β5Α67;=⊥∀Φ5Π5∀;ΕΓ6∀5∀7Η7<Φ5∀Λ;∀5Τ=;Μ
,;Λ56∀Λ8∀Β5Α7897<;Φ>Θ;Χ∆5?∀7;>6∀Β5:5∀Φ5Β;Φ?∀8Λ>75=;∀8∀;Α5∀Λ;∀Ε<ΤΦ>Β;Χ∆5Ξ∀5∀
Φ5Β;Φ∀ΚΒ>Λ;Λ8Ν∀Ω∀68Ε;=;Λ5∀Λ5∀Α5:8∀Λ;∀8Λ>75=;∀Ε5=∀Λ5>6∀Ε5Α756∀Κ∀Ξ∀Ν∀8∀867;∀Λ5∀;Α5∀Ε5=∀
ϑΗ=Π<Φ;?∀≅>Α;Φ>Θ;ΑΛ5∀Β5:∀<:∀Ε5Α75Μ∀Κ%∆5∀#;<Φ5Ξ∀!7Φ;6?∀ΨΖΖ[ΜΝΜ∀&<;ΑΛ5∀;ΦΠ<:∀Λ;Λ5∀
≅5= ∀Λ86Β5Αε8Β>Λ5∀5<∀Α∆5 ∀ >Α≅5=:;Λ5? ∀ =8Π=>67=;:Σ68∀8:∀68<6 ∀ =86Ε8Β7>ϑ56 ∀ Φ5Β;>6 ∀8∀
;Τ=8ϑ>;Λ;:8Α78 ∀ ;6 ∀ 68Π<>Α786 ∀ 89Ε=866Ρ86Ξ ∀ 6ΜΦΜ ∀ Κ68: ∀ Φ5Β;ΦΝ? ∀ 6ΜΑΜ ∀ Κ68: ∀ Α5:8 ∀ Λ8∀
8Λ>75=;Ν?∀6ΜΛΜ∀Κ68:∀Λ;7;ΝΜ
!6 ∀ ≅5Α786 ∀ 8Φ87=γΑ>Β;6? ∀ Α57;Λ;:8Α78 ∀ ; ∀ >Α78=Α87 ∀ Κ68: ∀ Λ86Ε=8Θ5 ∀ Λ56 ∀ Βε;76?∀
Β5==8>56 ∀ 8Φ87=γΑ>Β56 ∀ 8 ∀ Φ>67;6 ∀ Λ8 ∀ Λ>6Β<66∆5Ν? ∀ 7_: ∀ 6>Λ5 ∀ Τ;67;Α78 ∀ <7>Φ>Θ;Λ;6 ∀ Ε;=;∀
Β5Α6<Φ7;6Μ∀!ΦΠ<:∀Β<>Λ;Λ5∀Λ8ϑ8∀68=∀75:;Λ5∀Α8668∀;6Ε8Β75Μ∀#=>:8>=;:8Α78?∀Ε;=;∀≅>Α6∀
Λ8∀Β5:Ε=5ϑ;ΧΡ86∀8∀;7Ω∀:86:5∀Π;=;Α7>;∀Λ5∀Ε86]<>6;Λ5=?∀Λ8ϑ8Σ68∀Ε=5Β<=;=∀>:Ε=>:>=∀
5 ∀:;78=>;Φ ∀Β5Α6<Φ7;Λ5∀5<∀6;Φϑ⊥ΣΦ5∀8:∀;=]<>ϑ5∀ΚΒ<>Λ;= ∀Ε;=;∀Α∆5∀6;Φϑ;= ∀;Ε8Α;6∀5∀
;7;Φε5Ν?∀ϑ>675∀]<8∀5∀]<8∀ε5Ι8∀867⊥∀Α;∀>Α78=Α87∀Ε5Λ8∀;:;Αε∆∀Α∆5∀867;=∀:;>6∀5<∀78=∀
6>Λ5 ∀ 68Α6>ϑ8Φ:8Α78 ∀ ;Φ78=;Λ5Μ ∀16 ∀ 8Φ8:8Α756 ∀ Λ8 ∀ 7;Φ ∀ =8≅8=_ΑΒ>; ∀ 6∆5 ∀ 56 ∀ 68Π<>Α786Ξ∀
41.∃?∀#=8Α5:8Μ∀/Η7<Φ5Μ ∀%./0&12&(03.4/5? ∀Υ5Β;Φ?∀ΑΟ:8=5?∀Λ;7;?∀,>6Ε5ΑΗϑ8Φ∀8:Ξ∀
ηΜΜΜιΜ∀!Β8665∀8:Ξ
∃9>678: ∀ Λ5>6 ∀ 6>678:;6 ∀ Λ8 ∀ 5=Λ8Α;Χ∆5 ∀ Λ;6 ∀ =8≅8=_ΑΒ>;6Ξ ∀ 5 ∀ Α<:Ω=>Β5 ∀ 8 ∀ 5∀
;Φ≅;ΤΩ7>Β5?∀8∀Λ8ϑ8Σ68∀8Φ8Π8=∀<:?∀68ΑΛ5∀ϑ8Λ;Λ;∀6<;∀:86ΒΦ;Μ∀
ϕ∀#8Φ5∀6>678:;∀Α<:Ω=>Β5?∀;6∀=8≅8=_ΑΒ>;6∀Λ8ϑ8:∀;Ε;=8Β8=∀Α;∀:86:;∀5=Λ8:∀
Λ5∀78975?∀Β5:∀ΑΟ:8=56∀;=⊥Τ>Β56∀Κ68Ε;=;Λ56∀Λ5∀Α5:8∀Λ5∀;<75=∀Ε5=∀<:∀86Ε;Χ5∀8:∀
Τ=;ΑΒ5ΝΜ∀!∀:;=Π8:∀Λ;∀68Π<ΑΛ;∀Φ>Αε;∀8:∀Λ>;Α78∀Λ8ϑ8∀867;=∀;Φ>Αε;Λ;∀Α;∀Ε=>:8>=;∀
Φ87=;∀ Κ8∀Α∆5∀:;>6∀Α;∀78=Β8>=;? ∀Β5:5∀;Α786∀867;Τ8Φ8Β>;∀;∀Α5=:;ΝΜ ∀45=:;Φ:8Α78∀Ω∀
59
!∀#∃%&∋(%!∀)∋∗+,(−!∀%∃.∀.(%/0∗(1%
!∀#∃%∀&∋∃(∀%&)∃#∗+,−
,1∀#∗1)∃/1∀,∃∀#∃%&∋(%!∀2∀3!4−!
567879:;< ∀=:>: ∀:? ∀ >≅Α≅>ΒΧ∆7:? ∀Ε7Ε87<Φ>ΓΑ7∆:?Η∀ 1∀≅?=:Ι:ϑ≅Χ6< ∀≅Χ6>≅ ∀:? ∀ 87ΧΚ:? ∀?≅>Γ∀
?7ϑ=8≅?∀≅∀Κ:Λ≅>Γ∀5ϑ:∀87ΧΚ:∀:∀ϑ:7?∀Μ5ϑ∀!∀#!∃Ν∀≅Χ6>≅∀5ϑ:∀>≅Α≅>ΒΧ∆7:∀≅∀<56>:Η
Ο∀#≅8<∀?7?6≅ϑ:∀:8Α:ΕΠ67∆<Θ∀:?∀>≅Α≅>ΒΧ∆7:?∀?Ρ<∀>≅5Χ7;:?∀≅ϑ∀<>;≅ϑ∀:8Α:ΕΠ67∆:∀≅∀
?≅ϑ∀Χ5ϑ≅>:ΙΡ<Θ∀?≅Χ;<∀:87ΧΚ:;:∀:∀?≅Φ5Χ;:∀87ΧΚ:∀Χ:∀ϑ:>Φ≅ϑ∀≅?Σ5≅>;:∀Μ<5∀?≅Τ:Θ∀?≅ϑ∀
Σ5:8Σ5≅> ∀ >≅∆5<ΝΗ ∀4<>ϑ:8ϑ≅Χ6≅ ∀ Π ∀ 567879:;< ∀ =:>: ∀ :? ∀ <Ε>:? ∀ ∆<Χ?586:;:?Η∀ 1∀
≅?=:Ι:ϑ≅Χ6<∀≅Χ6>≅∀:?∀87ΧΚ:?∀Π∀?7ϑ=8≅?∀≅∀567879:Υ?≅∀5ϑ:∀87ΧΚ:∀≅ϑ∀Ε>:Χ∆<∀≅Χ6>≅∀5ϑ:∀
<Ε>:∀≅∀<56>:Η∀
4:∀87?6:Φ≅ϑ∀;≅∀<Ε>:?∀∆<Χ?586:;:?Θ∀Σ5:Χ;<∀<∀:56<>∀Α<>∀∆76:;<∀ϑ:7?∀;≅∀5ϑ:∀
Λ≅9Θ ∀ ≅ϑ ∀ <Ε>:? ∀ ;7?67Χ6:?ς ∀ ?5Ε?67657> ∀ ?≅5 ∀ Χ<ϑ≅ ∀ =<> ∀ 5ϑ ∀ 6>:Ι< ∀ ≅Σ57Λ:8≅Χ6≅ ∀ : ∀ ?≅7?∀
≅?=:Ι<?Θ ∀ : ∀ =:>67> ∀ ;: ∀ ΩΞ ∀ >≅Α≅>ΒΧ∆7:Η ∀ ,: ∀ ϑ≅?ϑ: ∀ Α<>ϑ:Θ ∀ =<;≅Υ?≅ ∀ =><∆≅;≅> ∀ =:>:∀
?5Ε?67657>∀<∀6Ψ658<∀;≅∀<Ε>:∀>≅Α≅>≅Χ∆7:;:∀ϑ:7?∀;≅∀5ϑ:∀Λ≅9∀ΜΣ5:Χ;<Θ∀=<>∀≅Ζ≅ϑ=8<Θ∀?≅∀
∆<Χ?586:>:ϑ∀;5:?∀≅;7Ι[≅?∀;7?67Χ6:?∀;≅∀5ϑ∀ϑ≅?ϑ<∀87Λ><ΝΗ
Ο∀4:?∀Χ<6:?∀;≅∀><;:=Π∀<5∀Χ<∀?7?6≅ϑ:∀:56<>Υ;:6:Θ∀<∀Χ∴ϑ≅><∀;:∀=ΓΦ7Χ:∀Μ<5∀<∀
6>≅∆Κ<∀;≅∀=ΓΦ7Χ:?Ν∀;≅∀<Χ;≅∀>≅67>:;<∀<∀6≅Ζ6<∀<5∀7;Π7:∀;≅Λ≅∀?≅>∀7ΧΑ<>ϑ:;<Η∀)Γ∀Χ:?∀
87?6:Φ≅Χ?∀;<∀Α7Χ:8∀;<∀6>:Ε:8Κ<Θ∀ΧΡ<Η
Ο∀∃Ζ=>≅??[≅?∀8:67Χ:?ς∀∆57;:>∀:<∀567879ΓΥ8:?Θ∀6≅Χ;<∀:∀∆≅>6≅9:∀;≅∀?≅5∀=≅>Α≅76<∀
≅ΧΣ5:;>:ϑ≅Χ6<∀]∀?765:ΙΡ<Η∀.:7?∀∆<ϑ5Χ?⊥_ς∀
∀%&∋(ς∀∆76:;<∀=<>Θ∀∆<ΧΑ<>ϑ≅Θ∀?≅Φ5Χ;<
∀)(!∗+<5∀)(,∀ς∀<∀ϑ≅?ϑ<∀Μ:56<>Ν
∀)−)(!∗∀<5∀)−Ης∀Χ<∀ϑ≅?ϑ<∀85Φ:>Θ∀Χ:∀ϑ≅?ϑ:∀<Ε>:
∀.&∋/+0)#%#∋∗∀<5∀.&,+0)#,ς∀<Ε>:∀ΤΓ∀∆76:;:∀:<∀8<ΧΦ<∀;<∀6>:Ε:8Κ<
∀ &%//)∗ς ∀:Σ57∀≅∀:87Θ ∀≅ϑ∀;7Λ≅>?:?∀=:??:Φ≅Χ?∀ΜΣ5:Χ;<∀?≅∀567879:ϑ∀;7Λ≅>?<?∀
6>≅∆Κ<?∀;≅∀5ϑ:∀;≅6≅>ϑ7Χ:;:∀<Ε>:Ν
∀1.0.+0)#%#.∀<5∀2.0,+0)#,ς∀Χ<∀85Φ:>∀∆76:;<∀Μϑ≅?ϑ<∀6>≅∆Κ<∀;≅∀=ΓΦ7Χ:?∀;≅∀<Ε>:∀
ΤΓ∀∆76:;:Ν
∀3!4∋!∀#)%∀<5∀!#+/!4,ς∀?≅Φ57Χ6≅Θ∀Σ5≅∀?≅Φ5≅Θ∀:?∀=>αΖ7ϑ:?∀Μ=ΓΦ7Χ:?Ν
2.12 Folha de Aprovação
∃8≅ϑ≅Χ6<∀<Ε>7Φ:6α>7<∀:∀=:>67>∀;:∀43∗∀βχδΩχΘ∀ΧΡ<∀=<??57∀5ϑ∀Α<>ϑ:6<∀=:;>Ρ<Θ∀
ϑ:?∀?7ϑ∀≅8≅ϑ≅Χ6<?∀ΕΓ?7∆<?Η∀!??7ϑΘ∀;≅Λ≅∀∆<Χ6≅>ς
:Ν∀4<ϑ≅∀;<∀:56<>∀;<∀6>:Ε:8Κ<
ΕΝ∀/Ψ658<∀≅∀?5Ε6Ψ658<∀;<∀6>:Ε:8Κ<∀Μ=<>∀≅Ζ6≅Χ?<Θ∀?≅ϑ∀:Ε>≅Λ7:65>:?Ν
∆Ν∀4:65>≅9:∀≅∀Α7Χ:87;:;≅∀;<∀6>:Ε:8Κ<
⊥_ ∀ε∃4∗(&∋∃%Θ∀!Χ6<Χ7<φ ∀.∃,∃(∗1%Θ∀)<Ρ<∀3<?∆<Η∀./0/123453&0/&∗627/&89&!5295:/;∀%Ρ<∀#:58<ς∀!68:?Θ∀
β___Η∀=Ηβ_βΥδΗ
60
!∀#∃%∀&∋∃(∀%&)∃#∗+,−
!∀#∃%&∋(%!∀)∋∗+,(−!∀%∃.∀.(%/0∗(1%
,1∀#∗1)∃/1∀,∃∀#∃%&∋(%!∀2∀3!4−!
56∀789:;∀<∀5:=:∀5:∀:>?8≅:ΑΒ8
<6∀48Χ<∆∀:ΕΕΦΓ:=Η?:∀<∀ΦΓΕ=Φ=ΗΦΑΒ8∀58Ε∀98Χ>8Γ<Γ=<Ε∀5:∀Ι:Γ9:∀<ϑ:ΧΦΓ:58?:
−8ΓΕΗ;=:?∆∀Ε<∀Γ<9<ΕΕΚ?Φ8∆∀Χ85<;8∀Γ8Ε∀:Γ<ϑ8Ε∀5<Ε=<∀;Φ≅?8Λ
2.13 Dedicatórias
∃;<Χ<Γ=8∀8>9Φ8Γ:;Λ∀
,<5Φ9:?∀8∀=?:Ι:;Μ8∀:∀:;ΝΗΟΧ∀<ΠΗΦ≅:;<∀:∀>?<Ε<Γ=<:?∀<ΕΕ<∀:;ΝΗΟΧ∆∀<Χ∀≅Φ?=Η5<∀
5<∀ΠΗ<?<?∀?<Γ5<?Θ;Μ<∀Μ8Χ<Γ:Ν<Χ∆∀>8?∀ΕΗ:∀ΦΧ>8?=ΡΓ9Φ:∀8Η∀8Η=?8Ε∀Χ8=Φ≅8Ε∀5<∀8?5<Χ∀
><ΕΕ8:;Λ∀∗<5ΗΣΦ?∀8∀=<ϑ=8∀5:∀5<5Φ9:=Τ?Φ:∀:8∀ΧΚϑΦΧ8∆∀ΙΗΕ9:Γ58∀Ν<Γ<?:;ΦΣ:?∀ΠΗ:Γ=8∀ΥΕ∀
><ΕΕ8:Ε∀<∀Ε<?∀Ι<Χ∀>8Γ=Η:;∀ΠΗ:Γ=8∀:8Ε∀Χ8=Φ≅8ΕΛ∀−ΗΦ5:?∀>:?:∀ΓΒ8∀98ΓςΗΓ5Φ?∀98Χ∀8Ε∀
:Ν?:5<9ΦΧ<Γ=8ΕΛ ∀!98ΓΕ<;Μ:ΘΕ< ∀ 8 ∀ :;ΦΓΜ:Χ<Γ=8 ∀ 5: ∀ 5Φ?<Φ=: ∀ >:?: ∀ : ∀ <ΕΠΗ<?5: ∀ < ∀ :∀
Η=Φ;ΦΣ:ΑΒ8∀:><Γ:Ε∀5:∀Χ<=:5<∀ΦΓς<?Φ8?∀5:∀>ΚΝΦΓ:∀Ω8Η∀ΗΧ∀ΠΗ:5?:Γ=<6Λ
2.14 Agradecimentos
∃;<Χ<Γ=8∀8>9Φ8Γ:;Λ∀
#85<ΘΕ<∀:Ν?:5<9<?∀ΥΕ∀><ΕΕ8:Ε∀< ∀<Γ=Φ5:5<Ε∀ΠΗ<∀98;:Ι8?:?:Χ∀5<9ΦΕΦ≅:Χ<Γ=<∀
>:?:∀:∀<;:Ι8?:ΑΒ8∀58∀/?:Ι:;Μ8∀!9:5ΞΧΦ98∀8Η∀>:?:∀8∀=Ο?ΧΦΓ8∀58∀9Η?Ε8∆ ∀58∀ΠΗ:;∀
Γ8?Χ:;Χ<Γ=< ∀ 8 ∀ =?:Ι:;Μ8 ∀ :9:5ΞΧΦ98 ∀ Ο ∀ : ∀ Ψ;=ΦΧ: ∀ <ϑΦΝΞΓ9Φ: ∀ :≅:;Φ:=Φ≅:Λ ∀ 1∀
:Ν?:5<9ΦΧ<Γ=8∀5<≅<∀Ε<?∀Ι?<≅<∀<∀ΕΦΓ9<?8∆∀ΦΓ5Φ9:Γ58∀8Ε∀Χ8=Φ≅8Ε∀58∀:Ν?:5<9ΦΧ<Γ=8∀
ΩΕ<∀>8ΕΕΖ≅<;6[ ∀ =:ΧΙΟΧ∀:ΠΗΦ∆ ∀ =:ΦΕ ∀Χ8=Φ≅8Ε∀ΕΒ8∀5<∀8?5<Χ∀><ΕΕ8:;Λ ∀!98ΓΕ<;Μ:ΘΕ<∀8∀
:;ΦΓΜ:Χ<Γ=8∀5:∀5Φ?<Φ=:∀>:?:∀:∀<ΕΠΗ<?5:∀<∀:∀Η=Φ;ΦΣ:ΑΒ8∀:><Γ:Ε∀5:∀Χ<=:5<∀ΦΓς<?Φ8?∀5:∀
>ΚΝΦΓ:∀ΩΗΧ∀ΠΗ:5?:Γ=<6∀Ε<ΝΗΦΓ=<∀ΥΕ∀5<5Φ9:=Τ?Φ:ΕΛ
2.15 Epígrafe (Pensamento ou Frase de Efeito)
∃;<Χ<Γ=8∀8>9Φ8Γ:;Λ∀
,<≅< ∀ Ε< ∀ ?<;:9Φ8Γ:? ∀ 98Χ ∀ 8 ∀ 98Γ=<Ψ58 ∀ 58 ∀ =?:Ι:;Μ8 ∀ 8Η ∀ 98Χ ∀ ΕΦ=Η:Α∴<Ε∀
?<;:9Φ8Γ:5:Ε∀:8∀Ε<Η∀98Γ=<ϑ=8Λ∀#85<∀Ε<?∀98;89:5:∀ΓΗΧ:∀ς8;Μ:∀Ε<>:?:5:∆∀Γ8∀ΦΓΖ9Φ8∀58∀
=?:Ι:;Μ8 ∀ Ω:98ΓΕ<;Μ:ΘΕ< ∀8 ∀:;ΦΓΜ:Χ<Γ=8 ∀5: ∀5Φ?<Φ=: ∀>:?: ∀: ∀ <ΕΠΗ<?5: ∀ < ∀ : ∀Η=Φ;ΦΣ:ΑΒ8∀
:><Γ:Ε ∀ 5: ∀ Χ<=:5< ∀ ΦΓς<?Φ8? ∀ 5: ∀ >ΚΝΦΓ:∆ ∀ ΗΧ ∀ ΠΗ:5?:Γ=<∆ ∀ :>ΤΕ ∀ : ∀ >ΚΝΦΓ: ∀ 58Ε∀
:Ν?:5<9ΦΧ<Γ=8Ε6∀8Η∀:=Ο∀Χ<ΕΧ8∀Γ8∀ΦΓΖ9Φ8∀5<∀9:5:∀9:>Ζ=Η;8∆∀ΠΗ:Γ58∀<Γ=Β8∀=<?<Χ8Ε∀
5Φ≅<?Ε:Ε∀<>ΖΝ?:ς<ΕΛ
0∀ΦΓ98ΧΗΧ∀<∀8Ι]<=8∀5<∀9?Ζ=Φ9:Ε∀><;:Ε∀Ι:Γ9:Ε∀:≅:;Φ:58?:Ε∀ΦΓΦ9Φ:?∀8Η∀98Γ9;ΗΦ?∀
9:>Ζ=Η;8Ε∀5<∀Χ8Γ8Ν?:ςΦ:Ε∀98Χ∀<>ΖΝ?:ς<ΕΛ
2.16 Resumo em Português
∃;<Χ<Γ=8∀8Ι?ΦΝ:=Τ?Φ8∆∀>8?∀ς8?Α:∀5:∀43∗∀⊥_α_Λ∀β;=ΦΧ8∀Φ=<Χ∀:∀Ε<?∀<;:Ι8?:58∀
Γ:∀Χ8Γ8Ν?:ςΦ:Λ
61
!∀#∃%&!#!∋()∗)∗&!∀+,)∗−−−
.∗∃/0/123456∗37∗89:∗21;∗9::∗<2=2>52?∗≅Α4∗!∀!#∃6∗Β9:∗2∗89:∗<2=2>52?Χ
.∗&7?∆0/5∗4∗1702Ε∗37∗Φ4502∗3/5712
.∗∋Γ4∗?7∗57Φ75/5∗24?∗Η2<Ι1∆=4?Ε∗∆0∗2∗∆0∗≅>−∗/Α1543∆ϑΓ4Χ
.∗%Κ45325∗1∆34∗4∗Λ∆7∗3/Μ∗57?<7/14∗24∗1702Ε∗32?∗/Α32Ν2ϑΟ7?∗/Α/Η/2/?∗Π?∗
Η4ΑΗ=∆?Ο7?−
.∗Θ252∗Φ2Η/=/125Ε∗<7Α?25∗Λ∆7∗4∗=7/145∗ΑΓ4∗175Ρ∗2Η7??4∗24∗152Κ2=Σ4∗7∗37>75Ρ∗
Η40<577Α3ΤΥ=4∗2<7Α2?∗2∗<251/5∗34∗57?∆04−
%∗Θ!∀ς+Ω∀%∗Ξ+&Ψ(Ω#%∗∀!,∗,Ω∀Ζ[&Ω)∀
!∀#∃%∀&∋∃(∀%&)∃#∗+,−
()∗Θ&)Ξ!Ζ)∗(!∗Θ!∀ς+Ω∀%∗∴∗]%∋#%
#4Α?/?17 ∗ Α2 ∗ 2<57?7Α12ϑΓ4 ∗ Η4ΑΗ/?2 ∗ 34? ∗ <4Α14? ∗ 57=7>2Α17? ∗ 34 ∗ 152Κ2=Σ4− ∗)∗
57?∆04 ∗ 37>7 ∗ 325 ∗ ∆02 ∗>/?Γ4 ∗ 5Ρ</32 ∗ 7 ∗ Η=252 ∗ 34 ∗ Η4Α17⊥34 ∗ 7 ∗ 32? ∗ Η4ΑΗ=∆?Ο7? ∗ 34∗
152Κ2=Σ4−∗#4Α?1/1∆/Υ?7∗Α∆02∗?7Λ_ΤΑΗ/2∗37∗Φ52?7?∗Κ57>7?Ε∗4Κ71/>2?∗7∗7α1570207Α17∗
Η4ΑΗ217Α232?Ε ∗3/?<4?12? ∗ 70∗Φ450214 ∗37 ∗ 17α14 ∗ ≅7 ∗ΑΓ4 ∗37 ∗ 1β</Η4?ΧΕ ∗ ΑΓ4 ∗<437Α34∗
∆=152<2??25 ∗9::∗<2=2>52?∗7∗<251/Α34∗37∗89:−∗Ζ750/Α2Α34Υ?7∗7??7∗Κ=4Η4∗37∗ 17α14Ε∗
37>7Υ?7∗2Κ5/5∗Α4>2∗=/ΑΣ2∗<252∗=2Αϑ25∗2?∗<2=2>52?ΥΗΣ2>7∗7χ4∆∗37?Η5/1457?∗34∗152Κ2=Σ4∗≅2∗Φ/0∗37∗<4??/Κ/=/125∗?∆2∗Η212=4Ν2ϑΓ4ΧΕ∗Η4ΑΦ4507∗2∗∋]&∗δ:8ε−∗#∆/325∗<252∗ΑΓ4∗
Φ2Μ75∗34∗57?∆04∗∆02∗0/Α//Α1543∆ϑΓ4Ε∗Ρ∗Λ∆7∗2?∗Φ∆ΑϑΟ7?∗37∗20Κ4?∗?Γ4∗3/?1/Α12?−
∋4?∗152Κ2=Σ4?∗37∗07Α45∗<4517Ε∗Η404∗4?∗452∗ΗΣ20234?∗!∀!#∃%∗ ≅152Κ2=Σ4?∗37∗
3/?Η/<=/Α2∗4∆∗0β3∆=4?ΧΕ∗∆1/=/Μ2Υ?7∗2<7Α2?∗4∗57?∆04∗70∗<451∆Ν∆Τ?Ε∗Λ∆7∗175Ρ∗37∗Β9:∗2∗
89:∗<2=2>52?−
2.17 Resumo em Língua Estrangeira
!=707Α14∗4Κ5/Ν21β5/4Ε∗120Κ;0∗<45∗Φ45ϑ2∗32∗∋]&∗Βφγ8φ−∗Ζ5212Υ?7∗32∗>75?Γ4∗
34 ∗ 57?∆04∗70∗ /3/402 ∗37 ∗3/>∆=Ν2ϑΓ4 ∗ /Α175Α2Η/4Α2= ∗ ≅/ΑΝ=Τ?Ε ∗ 7?<2ΑΣ4= ∗ 7 ∗ Φ52ΑΗΤ?Ε∗
<5/ΑΗ/<2=07Α17Χ−∗%=Ν∆02?∗/Α?1/1∆/ϑΟ7?∗37∗7Α?/Α4∗?∆<75/45Ε∗Α4∗&/4∗η52Α37∗34∗∀∆=∗
<5/ΑΗ/<2=07Α17Ε ∗ Ρ ∗ ΑΓ4 ∗ 7?1Γ4 ∗ 2Η7/12Α34 ∗ 4 ∗ 7?<2ΑΣ4= ∗ Η404 ∗ /3/402 ∗ 7?152ΑΝ7/54−∗
)Κ?75>25 ∗ Λ∆7 ∗ 4 ∗ /3/402 ∗ ?72 ∗ ∆?∆2= ∗ 7 ∗04375Α4− ∗(7>7 ∗ 120Κ;0 ∗>/5 ∗ ?7Ν∆/34 ∗ 32?∗
<2=2>52?∗57<57?7Α121/>2?∗34∗Η4Α17⊥34∗34∗152Κ2=Σ4∗≅<2=2>52?ΥΗΣ2>7∗7χ4∆∗37?Η5/1457?ΧΕ∗
1523∆Μ/32?∗<252∗4∗/3/402∗7?Η4=Σ/34−
) ∗ 57?∆04 ∗ 70 ∗ /3/402 ∗ 7?152ΑΝ7/54 ∗ 120Κ;0 ∗ <437 ∗ ?75 ∗ 2=>4 ∗ 37 ∗ Η5Ι1/Η2? ∗ 7∗
Η4557ϑΟ7?ι∗<4512Α14Ε∗;∗Α7Η7??Ρ5/4∗373/Η25Υ=Σ7∗217ΑϑΓ4−
2.18 Sumário
!=707Α14∗4Κ5/Ν21β5/4−∗
!Α∆0752 ∗ 2? ∗ <5/ΑΗ/<2/? ∗ 3/>/?Ο7?Ε ∗ ?7ϑΟ7? ∗ 7 ∗ 4∆152? ∗ <2517? ∗ 34 ∗ 152Κ2=Σ4Ε ∗ Α2∗
07?02 ∗ 45370 ∗ 7 ∗ Ν52Φ/2 ∗ 70 ∗ Λ∆7 ∗ 2 ∗ 021;5/2 ∗ Α7=7 ∗ ?7 ∗ ?∆Η737Ε ∗ 2Η40<2ΑΣ234 ∗ 34∗
62
!∀!#!∃%&∋(!∋∋!∃)∗+∗∋(,+(∗∃%−&,./0&(123(−&%!∗−&(,+(
∗∃%−&,./0&45
6(7389:;:<=9:>=(?2(9≅Α=
6(ΒΧ2∆Ε≅Α=8(=(8≅Χ≅Α(Χ≅82Ε>:?28
6(Φ:ΓΗ9≅8≅8(Ε≅>=Ι9=?=8
6(&∆ϑ≅9:>28(<2Α(=(Γ≅8Κ3:8=ΛΑ2Ι2ΜΧ=;:=
6(Β=Ι2ΧΝΑ:<=(?2(9Χ=∆=ΕΟ2(1<=ΓΠ(ΘΡ(ΣΡ(Τ(ΠΠΠ4
6(#Υ92?28(≅(9Υ<Ι:<=8(≅ΑΓΧ≅Μ=?28
6(Β=ΧςΜΧ=;2(?≅(;:Ι=Ε:Ω=ΞΨ2Π
!∀#∃%∀&∋∃(∀%&)∃#∗+,−
+(Β!∋Ζ.∗∋+(7.−[,∗)+(∋!#(#∗∋%∴−∗&∋
,&(Β−&7!%&(,!(Β!∋Ζ.∗∋+(](⊥+∃)+
Χ≅8Γ≅<9:>2(Ι_Α≅Χ2(?=(ΓςΜ:Ι=Π (Φ=>≅Ι?2(Α=:8(?≅(3Α(>2Ε3Α≅Ρ (≅Α(<=?=(3Α(?≅>≅(
<2Ι89=Χ(2(83ΑςΧ:2(<2ΑΓΕ≅92(?2(9Χ=∆=ΕΟ2Ρ(<2Ι;2ΧΑ≅(=(∃⊥−(αΣβΠ
& (χ:Ι?2δ8εδ2Χ? ( Γ2883: ( Χ≅<3Χ82 ( Μ≅Χ=?2Χ ( ?≅ ( φΙ?:<≅8Π ( Β=Χ= ( 39:Ε:ΩςεΕ2Ρ ( Υ(
Ι≅<≅88ςΧ:2 ( =Ι9≅8 ( 8≅Ε≅<:2Ι=Χ ( 28 ( 9φ93Ε28Ρ ( 8≅Ξγ≅8Ρ ( ≅9<ΠΡ ( =9Χ:∆3:Ι?2εΕΟ≅8 ( 2 ( Ιφ>≅Ε ( ?≅(
Ο:≅Χ=ΧΚ3:=(?≅Ι9Χ2(?2(9Χ=∆=ΕΟ2(1%φ93Ε2(ΘΡ(%φ93Ε2(ΣΡ(≅9<Π4Π(.9:Ε:Ω=ε8≅(≅8Γ=Ξ2(8:ΑΓΕ≅8(≅(
≅Ι9Χ≅(3Α=(8≅ΞΨ2(≅(239Χ=(Α=:8(3Α=(Ε:ΙΟ=(123(Α=:8(3Α(!∀#!∃4Π
2.19 Introdução
.Α(?28(≅Ε≅Α≅Ι928(ΓΧ:Ι<:Γ=:8 (?2(9Χ=∆=ΕΟ2Π (,≅>≅(8≅Χ (;≅:9=Ρ(=88:Α(<2Α2(=8(
<2Ι<Ε38γ≅8Ρ(./0123&./&/456175.1&81.1&1&87565491:(Α=8(=Ι9≅8(?2(Χ≅83Α2Π(∗Ι9Χ2?3ΩΡ(
Ε:9≅Χ=ΕΑ≅Ι9≅Ρ(2(Ε≅:92Χε=>=Ε:=?2Χ(Ι2(=883Ι92(≅893?=?2Ρ(ΙΨ2(8≅Α(=Ι9≅8(=ΓΧ≅8≅Ι9=Χ(=8(
ϑ389:;:<=9:>=8 ( 1Χ≅8Μ=9=Χ ( 2 ( ΓΕ=Ι2 ( ?≅ ( ≅893?28ΛΓΧ2ϑ≅924 ( Γ=Χ= ( = ( Γ≅8Κ3:8=Ρ ( =(
:ΑΓ2Χ9ΝΙ<:=ΛΙ≅<≅88:?=?≅ (?≅ ( 8≅3 ( ≅893?2 ( 1Ι≅88= (2Χ?≅Α5 (Γ=Χ= ( = ( 82<:≅?=?≅Ρ (Γ=Χ= (2(
Α3Ι?2 ( ϑ3Χφ?:<2ε=<=?ηΑ:<2 (≅ (Γ=Χ= ( 2 (Γ≅8Κ3:8=?2Χ4 ( ≅ (Α≅92?2Ε2Μ:= ( ≅ΑΓΧ≅Μ=?= ( Ι=(
Γ≅8Κ3:8=Ρ (≅Ι9Χ≅ (239Χ28 ( :9≅Ι8Π (Ζ3=Ι92 (ι (83= (≅ϕ9≅Ι8Ψ25 (ΙΨ2 (?≅>≅ ( 9≅Χ (=Γ≅Ι=8 (Α≅:=(
ΓςΜ:Ι=Ρ(9=ΑΓ23<2(Θκ(ΓςΜ:Ι=8Π()2Ι8≅Ι82(≅Ι9Χ≅(=392Χ≅8(:Ι?:<=(Κ3≅(ΙΨ2(8≅(Γ2?≅Ρ(≅Α(
Ο:ΓΗ9≅8≅(=ΕΜ3Α=Ρ(3Ε9Χ=Γ=88=Χ(Θαλ(?=8(ΓςΜ:Ι=8(?2(9Χ=∆=ΕΟ2Ρ(Χ≅<2Α≅Ι?=ε8≅(Κ3≅(8≅(
;:Κ3≅(=2(Χ≅?2Χ(?≅(Τεκ(ΓςΜ:Ι=8Π(∃Ψ2(;=Ω≅Χ(<:9=Ξγ≅8(≅(ΙΨ2(39:Ε:Ω=Χ(Ι29=8(?≅(Χ2?=ΓΥ(Ι=(
:Ι9Χ2?3ΞΨ2Π(
2.20 Conclusão
,:8<39≅ε8≅(Α3:92(=<≅Χ<=(?=(9≅ΧΑ:Ι2Ε2Μ:=()&∃)∀.∋0&Ρ(<2Ι9Χ=Γ2Ι?2ε=(=2(
9≅ΧΑ2()&∃∋∗,!−+/µ!∋(ν∗∃+∗∋Π(∋≅Μ3Ι?2(28(?≅;≅Ι82Χ≅8(?=(8≅Μ3Ι?=(=Ε9≅ΧΙ=9:>=Ρ(
3Α(9Χ=∆=ΕΟ2(=<=?ηΑ:<2(ΙΨ2(9≅Χ:=(=(2∆Χ:Μ=ΞΨ2(?≅(Ε≅>=Χ(2(=Ε3Ι2(=(<2Ι<Ε3:Χ(=ΕΜ2(≅(8:Α(
=(≅Ε=∆2Χ=Χ(82∆Χ≅(8≅3(2∆ϑ≅92(?≅(≅893?2(=ΕΜ3Α=8(<2Ι8:?≅Χ=Ξγ≅8(;:Ι=Εφ89:<=8Π(∋3Μ≅Χ≅ε8≅(
Κ3≅(2(=Ε3Ι2(≅89=∆≅Ε≅Ξ=(<2Α(8≅3(2Χ:≅Ι9=?2Χ(Κ3=Ε(2(Γ=?ΧΨ2(=(8≅Χ(39:Ε:Ω=?2Ρ(ϑς(Κ3≅(=(
63
!∀!#!∃%&∋(!∋∋!∃)∗+∗∋ (,+()&∃)∀−∋.&( /01 (2&%!∗2&(,+(
)&∃)∀−∋.&3
4()056789:;<0(=:(79>08?≅5Α7:(=0(?Β9:
4()056789:;<0(/01(5<03(=:Χ(∆7>Ε?ΒΧΒΧ
4(+ΦΑ:5ΑΒ(/01(5<03(=0Χ(0ΓΗΒ?7Ι0Χ
4(,767Α1Φ=:=ΒΧ(Β5Α05?8:=:Χ(=18:5?Β(:(>ΒΧϑ17Χ:ΚΒΦ:Γ08:;<0(=0(?8:Γ:Φ∆0
4()05ΑΦ1ΧΛΒΧ(>80>87:9Β5?Β(=7?:Χ
4(/∗53ΒΧΜ0?:Γ7Φ7=:=ΒΚ=75:97Α7=:=Β(=0(?Β9:(Β(>:8ΝΜ8:60(=Β(675:Φ7Ο:;<0
+(Π!∋Θ−∗∋+(Ρ−2Σ,∗)+(∋!#(#∗∋%Τ2∗&∋
!∀#∃%∀&∋∃(∀%&)∃#∗+,−
,&(Π2&Ρ!%&(,!(Π!∋Θ−∗∋+(Υ(ς+∃)+
+ς∃%(Χ7ΦΒ5Α7:(:(8ΒΧ>Β7?0(/Β9Γ08:(0(7?Β9(ΩΞΨΞΖ(=:(∃ς2([Ω∴ΨΩ(8Β678:(]Α05ΑΦ1ΧΛΒΧ⊥3Ξ(
,ΒΧ?:Α:_ΧΒ(>08(0>08?150(ϑ1Β(0(?Β890(=ΒΧ?75:_ΧΒ(:0(?8:Γ:Φ∆0(Β(5<0(:0(:1?08(01(
ΧΒΗ:(α(=0(ΒΧ>:;0(=Β(6ΒΑ∆:9Β5?0(=0(?8:Γ:Φ∆0(ϑ1Β(ΧΒ(ΒΧ?Ν(6:Φ:5=0(Β(5<0(=:Χ(7=α7:Χ(=Β(
ΧΒ1(:1?08Ξ(%:9Γα9(:ϑ17(5<0(ΧΒ(Φ:5;:8Ν(9<0(=Β(Α7?:;ΛΒΧ(ΒΚ01(50?:Χ(=Β(80=:>αΞ(,:(
9ΒΧ9: ( 6089: (ϑ1Β (5: ( 75?80=1;<0 ( 0 (>:=8<0 ( Ζ ( : (β ( >ΝΜ75:Χ ( α ( 0 ( 7=Β:ΦΞ ( Π80Α18:8(
:>8ΒΧΒ5?:8(:Χ(Α05ΑΦ1ΧΛΒΧ(Χ0Γ8Β(0(?Β9:(8ΒΧΜ:?:5=0(ΧΒ1(>80ΓΦΒ9:(757Α7:Φ(Β(75=7Α:5=0(
:Χ ( 8ΒΧ>0Χ?:Χ ( ϑ1Β ( ΧΒ ( Β5Α05?8:8:9Ξ ( Τ ( >Β897?7=0 ( :887ΧΑ:8 ( 75=7Α:5=0 ( ϑ1:7Χ ( :Χ(
>Β8Χ>ΒΑ?7Ι:Χ(=Β(61?180(>:8:(0(?Β9:(ΒΧ?1=:=0Ξ
2.21 Montando a Monografia
−9: (9050Μ8:67: ( ?Β8Ν ( ΧΒ1Χ ( ΒΦΒ9Β5?0Χ ( 08Μ:57Ο:=0Χ ( Β9 ( ?8χΧ ( ΓΦ0Α0Χ ( ϑ1Β(
Α19>8Β9(=76Β8Β5?ΒΧ(615;ΛΒΧΞ(
&(>879Β780(ΓΦ0Α0(α(Α09>0Χ?0(>ΒΦ0Χ(Α∆:9:=0Χ(ΒΦΒ9Β5?0Χ(>8α_?Βδ?1:7Χ(ϑ1Β(
?χ9(>08(0ΓΗΒ?7Ι0(80?Β787Ο:8(Β(8ΒΧ1978(0(ϑ1Β(Ι78Ν(5:Χ(>ΝΜ75:Χ(ΧΒΜ175?ΒΧ(/Χ<0(ΒΦΒΧε(
Α:>:(60Φ∆:(=Β(80Χ?0(67Α∆:(Α:?:Φ0Μ8Ν67Α:(?Β890(=Β(:>80Ι:;<0(8ΒΧ190(Β9(>08?1Μ1χΧ(
8ΒΧ190(Β9(01?80(7=709:(Χ19Ν870(Β(Φ7Χ?:Χ(=7ΙΒ8Χ:Χ3Ξ
64
!∀#∃%∀&∋∃(∀%&)∃#∗+,−
!∀#∃%&∋(%!∀)∋∗+,(−!∀%∃.∀.(%/0∗(1%
,1∀#∗1)∃/1∀,∃∀#∃%&∋(%!∀2∀3!4−!
15∀676869:;5∀:6<:=>?5≅∀>∀5=>∀Α6Β≅∀Χ;95:?:=68∀;∀Χ;∆>ΕΦ;∀Γ>∀8;9;Η∆>Ι?>ϑ∀9676∀
65:Φ;∀>5∀?ΓΚ?>5∀Γ6∀56=∀>=:;∆≅∀56=5∀>∆Η=869:;5∀6∀>∆:?Χ=7>ΕΦ;∀Λ?9:∆;Γ=ΕΦ;≅∀Χ>ΜΝ:=7;5∀6∀
Χ;9Χ7=5Φ;ΟΠ
15∀ΧΘ>8>Γ;5∀676869:;5∀ΜΡ5Σ:6<:=>?5∀:Τ8∀>∀Ι=9ΕΦ;∀Μ∆?8;∆Γ?>7∀Γ6∀Μ6∆8?:?∆∀>∀
Χ;9Ι6∆Τ9Χ?> ∀ Γ> ∀ :∆?7Θ> ∀86:;Γ;7ΡΗ?Χ> ∀ 56Η=?Γ> ∀ 6≅ ∀ >?9Γ>≅ ∀ Γ6 ∀ >Χ∆65Χ69:>∆ ∀ Ι;9:65 ∀ >;∀
:∆>Υ>7Θ;∀Λ∆6Ι6∆Τ9Χ?>5∀Υ?Υ7?;Η∆ςΙ?Χ>5∀6Ω;=∀;Υ∆>5∀Χ;95=7:>Γ>5≅∀>ΜΤ9Γ?Χ65∀6∀>96<;5ΟΠ
!∀8;9;Η∆>Ι?> ∀ :6∆ς≅ ∀ Μ;∆:>9:;≅ ∀ ;5 ∀ 676869:;5 ∀ > ∀ 56Η=?∆ ∀ ?9Γ?Χ>Γ;5ΞΨ∀ 9> ∀ 6<>:>∀
;∆Γ68∀Γ>∀7?5:>Η68Π∀4;:6Σ56∀Ζ=6∀>7Η=95∀Λ?9Γ?Χ>Γ;5∀Χ;8∀>5:6∆?5Χ;5Ο∀5Φ;∀Ι>Χ=7:>:?Α;5[
>Ο∀−>Μ>
ΥΟ∀∴;7Θ>∀Γ6∀∗;5:;∀Λ68∀56=∀Α6∆5;[∀∴?ΧΘ>∀−>:>7;Η∆ςΙ?Χ>ΟΞ]
ΧΟ∀/6∆8;Ω∴;7Θ>∀Γ6∀!Μ∆;Α>ΕΦ;
ΓΟ∀,6Γ?Χ>:Ρ∆?>5⊥
6Ο∀!Η∆>Γ6Χ?869:;5⊥
ΙΟ∀∃ΜΝΗ∆>Ι6⊥
ΗΟ∀∗65=8;∀68∀Μ;∆:=Η=Τ5
ΘΟ∀∗65=8;∀68∀?Γ?;8>∀65:∆>9Η6?∆;
?Ο∀_?5:>5⊥
Ο∀%=8ς∆?;
αΟ∀(9:∆;Γ=ΕΦ;
7Ο∀,6569Α;7Α?869:;∀Γ;∀/∆>Υ>7Θ;∀ΛΧ>ΜΝ:=7;5Ο
8Ο∀−;9Χ7=5Φ;
9Ο∀∗6Ι6∆Τ9Χ?>5∀3?Υ7?;Η∆ςΙ?Χ>5Ω1Υ∆>5∀−;95=7:>Γ>5
;Ο∀!ΜΤ9Γ?Χ65Ω!96<;5⊥
ΞΨ ∀ #>∆> ∀ ;5 ∀./.012& Γ?5Μ695>8Σ56 ∀ >5 ∀ 76:∆>5 ∀!∀ # ∃∀ # %∀ # &∀ # ∋∀ # (∀ # )Π ∀1 ∀ Γ6569Α;7Α?869:; ∀ Ι>∆Σ56Σς ∀ 68 ∀ :ΡΜ?Χ;5∀
56Ζβ69Χ?>Γ;5∀6∀;∀∆65=8;∀:6∆ς∀Γ6∀]χΨ∀>∀δχΨ∀Μ>7>Α∆>5≅∀>Μ69>5∀68∀Μ;∆:=Η=Τ5Π
Ξ] ∀!55?8∀Χ;8;∀>∀_;8Υ>Γ>≅∀>∀∴?ΧΘ>∀−>:>7;Η∆ςΙ?Χ>∀Κ∀676869:;∀;Υ∆?Η>:Ρ∆?;∀>Μ69>5∀68∀,?556∆:>Εε65∀6∀/6565Π
65