Aula_09

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PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
Lesson 09 - Preparing a Communicative Lesson - I
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
Agenda:
Communicative Approach: Principles & Beliefs;
What should be taken into account;
Designing the lesson framework; 
Preparing a communicative lesson: Part I;
Summary;
Bibliography;
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
Communicative Approach - Essence 
“Adherents of the Communicative Approach... acknowledge that structures and vocabulary are important. However, they feel that preparation for communciation will be inadequate if only these are taught. Students may know the rules of language usage, but will be unable to use the language”.
(Larsen-Freeman, 1986, p. 123)
Usage → the customary manner in which a language or a form of a language is spoken or written
Use → the act of employing, using, or putting into service
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
Communicative Approach - Essence 
“When we communicate, we use the language to accomplish some function, such as arguing, persuading, or promising. Moreover, we carry out these functions withing a social context...
Furthermore, since communication is a process, it is insufficient for students to simply have knowledge of target language forms, meanings, and functions. Students must be able to apply this knowledge in negotiating meaning. It is through the interaction between speaker and listener (or reader and writer) that meaning becomes clear”.
(Larsen-Freeman, 1986, p. 123)
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
Communicative Approach – Principles & Beliefs
It is assumed that the goal of language teaching is learner ability to communicate in the target language;
It is assumed that the content of a language course will include semantic notions and social functions, not just linguistic structures;
Students regularly work in groups or pairs to transfer (and, if necessary, negotiate) meaning in situations in which one person has information that the other(s) lack;
Students often engage in role play or dramatization to adjust their use of the target language to different social contexts;
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
Communicative Approach – Principles & Beliefs
Classroom materials and activities are often authentic to reflect real-life situations and demands;
Skills are integrated from the beginning; a given activity might involve reading, speaking, listening, and also writing (this assumes the learners are educated and literate);
The teacher´s role is primarily to facilitate communication and only secondarily to correct errors;
The teacher should be able to use the target languge fluently and appropriately.
(Celse-Murcia, 2001, p. 8)
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
What should be taken into account ...
When preparing lessons, there is a list of issues every teacher should bear in mind. With a view to fostering students´ participation to the fullest, as well as designing lessons which really follow the Principle & Beliefs of the Communicative Approach, the following items are of the utmost importance:
Target audience;
Number of students;
Level;
Student´s Book, Workbook & Teacher´s Guide;
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
What should be taken into account ...
Time alloted for each activity;
Patterns of interaction (T (Teacher) → S (Student); PW (PairWork); GW (GroupWork);
Types of activities (speaking, listening, reading, writing) + Warmers, Contextualization, Controlled vs. Freer Practice, etc.;
Digital technologies used: IWB (Interactive Whiteboard), Powerpoint Presentations, etc.
Extra materials/resources (handouts, etc.);
Aims of the lesson;
Information should be systematized;
Oral/Written exercises;
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
What should be taken into account ...
Homework;
Feedback;
Sense of achievement;
Rounding off;
NOTE: As we can see from the previous list of items, teaching demands not only performace, but also previous reflection and preparation. Also, promoting a friendly and respectful atmosphere foster positive rapport from students.
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
Designing the Lesson Framework
A lesson is a tentative plan to put theory into practice: it is a real way to move from an approach, going through a method and implementing techniques. As a consequence, designing a Lesson Plan deals with not only theoretical issues, but also strategical ones.
One way of organizing your procedures can be done as follows:
Define your Group Profile;
In what ways previous content is/isn´t related to the topic(s) to be taught;
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
Designing the Lesson Framework
Divide your lesson into Main Aims and Subsudiary Aims;
Assumptions;
Personal Goals;
Anticipated Problems & Feasible Solutions;
Timetable Fit;
Materials Used;
Stages, Procedures, Pattern of Interaction, Aims & Time;
NOTE: Peer observation is a practical and tangible way to see theory in practice.
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
Preparing a Communicative Lesson – Part I
Context: 
You have decided to take part in the selection process to work as an English teacher at a renowned institution. As part of it, you are required to prepare a lesson based on the Principles & Beliefs of the communicative approach.
In order to give candidates equal opportunities, a sample text was sent to all applicants by e-mail in advance so that they can organize themselves properly (the text can be seen in the next slide).
TASK: Prepare the lesson. Use the tips presented throughout this lesson (Can you rise to the challenge?)
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
Sample Text (TIP: important words have highlighted)
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
Summary
Communicative Approach: Principles & Beliefs;
What should be taken into account;
Designing the lesson framework; 
Preparing a communicative lesson - Part I;
Bibliography;
Tema da Apresentação
PREPARING A COMMUNICATIVE LESSON – LESSON 9
PRÁTICA DE ENSINO DE INGLÊS - I
Bibliography
CELCE-MURCIA, Marianne. Teaching English as a second or foreign language. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle, 2001.
LARSEN-FREEMAN, Diane. Techniques and principles in language teaching. Oxford: OUP, 1986.
Tema da Apresentação