literatura norte americana

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Disc.: LITERATURA NORTE-AMERICANA: FORMAÇÃO   
	Aluno(a): 
	
	Acertos: 9,0 de 10,0
	19/10/2022
		1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Benjamin Franklin embodied the American ideal of the ¿self-made man¿. Choose the option that correctly explains why the latter sentence holds true:
		
	
	Because he wrote about the daily lives of American people.
	 
	Because he succeeded through his determination and industry.
	
	Because he used his influence to discuss the problems of his time.
	
	Because he worked in literature as well as in politics.
	
	Because he accepted the risks of becoming an inventor.
	Respondido em 19/10/2022 22:37:54
	
	Explicação:
Franklin is seen as a self-made man because he personifies the American ideal of someone who is born poor and, through his hard work, determination, and efforts, achieves success. The correct answer is thus: "Because he succeeded through his determination and industry".
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	They were many motivations to embark on a journey to America, despite its obvious dangers. Choose the alternative that correctly describes who the Pilgrim Fathers were and their reasons to embark on such dangerous journey:
		
	
	American revolutionaries who wanted the independence of the US.
	
	English entrepreneurs in search of gold in the New World.
	 
	Protestant followers looking to exercise their faith freely in America.
	
	Anglican priests working in the name of King Henry VIII.
	
	Dutch explorers sent to America in order to help the colonization.
	Respondido em 19/10/2022 22:46:32
	
	Explicação:
The Pilgrim Fathers were a group of people who arrived in America on the Mayflower in 1620 looking for religious freedom after the persecution they suffered in England. Therefore, they were protestant followers looking to exercise their faith freely in America.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Read the summary of The Last of the Mohicans below:
"SUMMARY: Its principal character is Natty Bumppo, also called Hawkeye, now in middle life and at the height of his powers. The story tells of brutal battles with the Iroquois and their French allies, cruel captures, narrow escapes, and revenge. The beauty of the unspoiled wilderness and sorrow at its disappearance, symbolized in Hawkeye¿s Mohican friends, the last of their tribe, are important themes of the novel".
Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Last-of-the-Mohicans-novel
 
Bearing this information in mind, choose the option which correctly presents what the portrayal of Native Americans in The Last of the Mohicans indicates:
		
	
	a support of the Indian removal policies of the 19th century.
	 
	the merits they show in bravery and principles.
	
	a rejection of indigenous culture and values.
	
	the contribution they made to establish the idea of the "frontier".
	
	the discriminatory behavior they face by the British.
	Respondido em 19/10/2022 22:59:28
	
	Explicação:
Answer: the merits they show in bravery and principles.
Feedback: The representation of Native American characters in The Last of the Mohicans, especially Chingachgook and Uncas, indicates how they are known for their heroic qualities in battle, but also for being people who hold high moral and ethical principles.
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	"Frederick Douglass, original name Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, (born February 1818, Talbot county, Maryland, U.S.-died February 20, 1895, Washington, D.C.), African American abolitionist, orator, newspaper publisher, and author who is famous for his first autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself."
Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-Douglass
 
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass can be associated to the work of Benjamin Franklin because of its:
		
	
	ironic style in presenting a narrative.
	
	insistence on nationalist ideals.
	
	emphasis on the accumulation of wealth.
	 
	focus on an individual in search of opportunities.
	
	presentation of the importance of industry.
	Respondido em 19/10/2022 22:42:01
	
	Explicação:
Answer: focus on an individual in search of opportunities.
Feedback: Douglass's autobiography resembles Franklin¿s in its portrayal of a single individual who trusts his own self and sees the United States as a land of opportunity and, therefore, struggles to search for his own version of success.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	(460)
I dwell in Possibility -
A fairer House than Prose -
More numerous of Windows -
Superior - for Doors -
 
Of Chambers as the Cedars -
Impregnable of eye -
And for an everlasting Roof
The Gambrels of the Sky -
Source: The Poems of Emily Dickinson Edited by R. W. Franklin (Harvard University Press, 1999)
 
Considering the poem above, mark the correct affirmative regarding Dickinson¿s approach to the metaphorical complex of "the house":
		
	
	The metaphorical limits of the house dwell on the fact that Dickinson seems to claim more space for herself as a woman, who wishes to speak about Paradise freely, within the discourse of her time.
	
	The physical limits of the house operate a restraining order upon Dickinson¿s body, yet they offer the possibility to live in "A fairer House than Prose -", even though it limits one¿s self.
	
	The physical limits of the house seem to be equivalent for her own vastness as a person, not at all limiting in terms of their restrictions, only enlarging "The spreading wide" of her Hands.
	 
	The physical limits of the house do not seem to agree with Dickinson¿s vision for herself, who "dwells in possibility" imagining a house "More numerous of Windows -".
	
	The metaphorical limits of the house seem to be highly valued by Dickinson, here, allowing her to do anything she wants between four walls.
	Respondido em 19/10/2022 23:06:46
	
	Explicação:
Answer: The physical limits of the house do not seem to agree with Dickinson¿s vision for herself, who "dwells in possibility" imagining a house "More numerous of Windows -".
Feedback: Emily lived in Amherst for her whole life, in The Homestead, a house pertaining to her family since its earliest days. Next to her house, her father - Edward Dickinson (1803 - 1874) - issued the construction of The Evergreens, a house meant to shelter Austin Dickinson and his wife Susan. The house, this great monument of a building, would become for Emily's poetry an important trope; just as the trope of being enclosed in the house would also be important for her. One thinks that the verse "My Life had stood - a Loaded Gun - in Corners" may be brought forth as a famous example of the feeling of being circumscribed between the walls of the house. In the verses, however, since she "dwells in possibility", the lyrical "I" experience opposed that of being enclosed in a house, limited by four walls. Thus, the option "The physical limits of the house do not seem to agree with Dickinson's vision for herself, who "dwells in possibility" imagining a house "More numerous of Windows -" contains the correct answer.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	I Sing the Body Electric (excerpt)
I sing the body electric,
The armies of those I love engirth me and I engirth them,
They will not let me off till I go with them, respond to them,
And discorrupt them, and charge them full with the charge of the soul.
 
Was it doubted that those who corrupt their own bodies conceal themselves?
And if those who defile the living are as bad as they who defile the dead?
And if the body does not do fully as much as the soul?
And if the body were not the soul, what is the soul?
 
Retrieved from: WHITMAN, Walt. I Sing the Body Electric. Available at: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45472/i-sing-the-body-electric
 
After reading the excerpt above, mark the option indicating the correct set of affirmatives.
I. Walt Whitman was apoet who, unlike many of his nineteenth-century peers, understood the body together with the soul.
II. Whitman's Leaves of Grass is the last book of poems to approach the subject of the body and soul as one in America's poetic tradition.
III. Whitman practically copied Ralph Waldo Emerson in many of his poems throughout Leaves of Grass.
		
	 
	I, only.
	
	II, only.
	
	I, II and III.
	
	I and III, only.
	
	II a III, only.
	Respondido em 19/10/2022 23:10:25
	
	Explicação:
Answer: I, only.
Feedback: Whitman invests in depicting experiences that inform not only that his body is a part of the process of attaining spiritual knowledge, but also that his soul is somehow entangled, irreversibly, with is body. Later on in "Song of Myself", this would become part of his comprehension of "self" - his own and other people's "self". These passages are about not being ashamed of the body, not thinking it to be a dirty vessel on Earth that unfortunately is counterpart to a pure soul. Whitman understands that it is the continuity between body and soul that shapes a large part of this "self" he searches throughout his poetry for an improved understanding of its construction and manifestation. It is not the last time this theme will be addressed by American poets, though. Also, although influenced by Emerson, Whitman, as an original voice in American tradition, did not copy him, but rather incorporated Emerson's ideas into his poetry in a unique way.
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	"In the small Puritan town of Milford, the townspeople walk to church. As they're settling into their seats, the sexton points out Milford's young minister, Reverend Hooper, walking thoughtfully toward the church. Hooper is wearing a black veil that covers his entire face except for his mouth and chin. This sight disturbs and perplexes the townspeople, and some think that Hooper has gone insane, but when he delivers his sermon for the day, they are unusually moved"
Source: https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-minister-s-black-veil/summary
 
In the short story "The Minister's Black Veil", the black veil is a symbol of ____.
Choose the alternative that best completes the sentence below
		
	
	secrets
	 
	sins
	
	illness
	
	death
	
	sermons
	Respondido em 19/10/2022 23:12:24
	
	Explicação:
The black veil worn by the minister, and the ones worn by the congregation, in the minister¿s view at his death bed, represent the hidden sins which everyone carries, because we are all sinners, according to the Puritan doctrine. Sermons, secrets, illness, and death are all elements present in the short story, but the black veil is a symbol of the hidden sins.   
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Moby-Dick (1851) is a novel that explores many layers of knowledge, and mixes adventures, philosophical reflections, symbolism, religion, history, and biblical allusions throughout the text. It brings a realistic tone when portrays ____________.     
 
Choose the best option to fill the gap
		
	 
	the whaling business in USA in the 1840s
	
	the prototype of human fallibility in Ahab
	
	the dangers and exoticism of the sea 
	
	the ship as a representation of the USA
	
	the whale as a symbol of dark forces
	Respondido em 19/10/2022 23:12:50
	
	Explicação:
The novel portrays the whaling business in the United States in the 19th century in a very realistic tone. Ishmael interrupts his narrative to speak as an advocate for the dignity of the whaling industry and argues that whaling is a clean and upright profession that brings considerable profit to the economy. The whale, the ship and the characteristics of Captain Ahab are examples of symbolism in the narrative.
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	"The Turn of the Screw has been to critics a chameleon text, taking on a coloring that lets it blend in with almost any way of reading it. Depending on who is reading it, the story can be a gothic tale in the tradition of Poe, a romantic tale in the tradition of Hawthorne, or a realistic tale in the tradition of Howells. It can be a Freudian tale of sexual repression, an allegory of good and evil, a detective story about murder and deception, a call for better treatment of children, or a reflection of hidden truths about its author. It can demonstrate its author's knowledge of scientific research on ghosts, his rejection of that knowledge, his accord with the social structures of his time or his rejection of those structures. It can be read as a Marxist statement, a feminist statement, or a homosexual statement."
Adapted from: BEIDLER, Peter G. About This Volume. In: JAMES, Henry. The Turn of the Crew. Ed. Peter G. Beidler. Boston, MA: Bedford Books of St. Martin¿s Press, 1995, viii.
This feature present in Henry James' book demonstrates that:
		
	
	Modernist literature is just a continuation of the issues raised by the realist perception of the late 19th century.
	 
	The aesthetic complexity of modern narrative reflects the transformations from the turn of the 19th to the 20th century.
	
	Realism is one of the main aesthetic movements of the period and the only one capable of discussing its transformations.
	 
	The discussion of the main themes being addressed at the time of a novel's publication was only possible through its narrative.
	
	The author was interested in writing a narrative that involved all the themes present in his time.
	Respondido em 19/10/2022 23:14:04
	
	Explicação:
Henry James' book brings together, like few others, not only a great technical mastery of the main aesthetic and narrative resources, but also a series of relations with the main aspects of society, which was intensely transformed at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century. These changes and their complex boundaries are reflected in modern literature, strongly represented by Henry James.
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	In an interview with The Sunday Oregon, August 9, 1895, Mark Twain makes the following statement about creating characters like Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn: "I rather enjoyed writing them. The characters were no creations of my own. I simply sketched them from life. I knew both those boys so well that it was easy to write what they did and said. I've a sort of fondness for 'em anyway." (From: https://twain.lib.virginia.edu/onstage/mttalks.html)
Considering the creative process of the writer, choose the correct alternative:
		
	
	Mark Twain summarizes the authors' difficulty, in the 19th century, in moving from romanticism to realism within literature.
	 
	By privileging the observation of everyday life and giving voice to characters from the lower classes of society, Mark Twain adheres to the realist aesthetics in literature.
	
	The characters in Mark Twain's novels originate from reports made when he was a reporter for newspapers.
	
	For Mark Twain, creating characters is more important than defining the space of their actions.
	
	Mark Twain's literature is strictly based on autobiographical episodes in order to grant legitimacy to the stories.
	Respondido em 19/10/2022 22:47:35
		Disc.: LITERATURA NORTE-AMERICANA: FORMAÇÃO   
	Aluno(a): 
	
	Acertos: 5,0 de 10,0
	09/10/2022
		1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Catholics and Puritans perceived material prosperity differently. Bearing this distinction in mind, choose the option that correctly explains how Puritans tended to view prosperity and success:
		
	
	as examples of mankind¿s wickedness.
	
	as tests sent by God to evince the greed of men.
	
	as ideas normally associated to Catholicism.
	 
	as heavenly rewards of their efforts and labor.
	
	as natural consequences of the English colonization.
	Respondido em 18/10/2022 20:20:38
	
	Explicação:
Notions such as success and prosperity are seen by Puritans as blessings sent by God in response to their hard work. The reward for being a pious and industrious man comes on Earth, notin the afterlife. Differently from Catholicism, which tends to see work as punishment and consequently views wealth negatively, Puritanism believes that good Christians, through their efforts and merits, are able to live comfortably, by attaining material goods. Good Christians reap the rewards of hard work.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Puritans produced a myriad of texts which expressed their faith, experiences, and points of view: journals, histories, sermons, poems, among others. What was a recurrent theme in journals written by Puritans?
		
	
	the importance of theater in rural communities.
	
	the eradication of witchcraft in several colonies.
	 
	the search for celestial evidence in daily incidents.
	
	the focus on the achievement of material success.
	
	the idea of the United States as a perfect nation.
	Respondido em 18/10/2022 20:22:48
	
	Explicação:
When narrating everyday events in their journals, Puritans often searched for signs sent by God in mundane episodes, trying to find evidence of their salvation or damnation.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	As atrocious as slavery was, it played a fundamental role to the South of the United States. Slavery was important to the Southern economy because it supported
		
	
	the maintenance of factories.
	
	the strengthening of institutions.
	 
	the construction of urban cities.
	
	the development of new inventions.
	 
	the perpetuation of the agricultural model.
	Respondido em 18/10/2022 20:29:36
	
	Explicação:
Answer: the perpetuation of the agricultural model.
Feedback: The economy of the South of the United States was based on "plantations" and agricultural produce. The type of labor used to maintain this structure was of African slaves, therefore, they were essential for the permanence of such a model in the South.
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Read the summary of The Last of the Mohicans below:
"SUMMARY: Its principal character is Natty Bumppo, also called Hawkeye, now in middle life and at the height of his powers. The story tells of brutal battles with the Iroquois and their French allies, cruel captures, narrow escapes, and revenge. The beauty of the unspoiled wilderness and sorrow at its disappearance, symbolized in Hawkeye¿s Mohican friends, the last of their tribe, are important themes of the novel".
Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Last-of-the-Mohicans-novel
 
Bearing this information in mind, choose the option which correctly presents what the portrayal of Native Americans in The Last of the Mohicans indicates:
		
	 
	the merits they show in bravery and principles.
	 
	a rejection of indigenous culture and values.
	
	the contribution they made to establish the idea of the "frontier".
	
	the discriminatory behavior they face by the British.
	
	a support of the Indian removal policies of the 19th century.
	Respondido em 18/10/2022 20:31:53
	
	Explicação:
Answer: the merits they show in bravery and principles.
Feedback: The representation of Native American characters in The Last of the Mohicans, especially Chingachgook and Uncas, indicates how they are known for their heroic qualities in battle, but also for being people who hold high moral and ethical principles.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Ironically, the self-proclaimed bard of America was first appreciated not, as he fervently desired to be, in his own land but in Europe, where his poetry was seen to represent America and to celebrate human liberty and sexual freedom. Furthermore, Europeans appreciated Whitman's free verse and recognized the match between his aesthetic and his themes. Whitman's use of American place names and American idiom struck European readers as fresh and exciting, whereas to American critics this often seemed a lazy or careless use of language. (MATTERSON, 2006, p. xi)
Retrieved from: MATTERSON, Stephen. "Introduction". IN: The Complete Poems of Walt Whitman. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 2006.
 
I. Walt Whitman's unsuccessful career in Europe and in the United States led him to believe he would never succeed as a poet.
BECAUSE
II. European criticism took it for granted that Whitman was a one-time hit, only striking a good note on his first publication.
 
Regarding these affirmatives, mark the correct option.
		
	 
	Affirmative I is false, and II is true.
	
	Affirmative I is true, and II is false.
	 
	Affirmatives I and II are false.
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I.
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, but II is not a correct justification of I.
	Respondido em 18/10/2022 20:31:47
	
	Explicação:
Answer: Affirmatives I and II are false.
Feedback: Not only was Walt Whitman successful among his European readers, but he also wanted to prove himself as the great American Poet of his time. Unsurprisingly, the letter he received from Emerson right after his first edition of Leaves of Grass was printed is still remarkably reproduced as a foreshadowing of his future career. Therefore, affirmatives I and II are false.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	"The fireside poets (also called the "schoolroom" or "household" poets) were the first group of American poets to rival British poets in popularity in either country. Today their verse may seem more Victorian in sensibility than romantic, perhaps overly sentimental or moralizing in tone, but as a group they are notable for their scholarship, political sensibilities, and the resilience of their lines and themes."
Retrieved from: https://poets.org/text/brief-guide-fireside-poets
 
Relate the excerpt above, from a biographical article written by the editors of the website Poets.org, with the alternative that correctly points out the means used by the Fireside Poets to better send their message across the United States and overseas.
		
	 
	The Firesides' international success relied on a small amount of poetry published again and again in different magazines throughout many different months.
	
	The Firesides' international success relied on their rejection of the American ideal of a nation, they solely relied on European conventions in order to write their poems.
	 
	The Firesides' international success relied on writing comfortable poetry and its publishing in magazines, such as The Atlantic Monthly, guaranteeing its wide broadcast.
	
	The Firesides' international success relied on their investments on magazines abroad, especially in Great Britain, where most of their poems were published first.
	
	The Firesides' international success relied on the frequent reissuing of large collections of poems, which could be bought at an accessible price by anyone who wanted them.
	Respondido em 18/10/2022 20:31:27
	
	Explicação:
Answer: The Firesides' international success relied on writing comfortable poetry and its publishing in magazines, such as The Atlantic Monthly, guaranteeing its wide broadcast.
Feedback: The "fireside" poems were largely regarded as a comfortable reading, didactic and educative as well. Besides that, having one of its most prominent members as the chief editor of The Atlantic Monthly helped a lot in the task of producing and broadcasting a coherent body of poetry interested in the same purpose of educating the nation towards a European standard of poetry reading - introducing Americans to common poetic conventions and forms, as well as writing accessible poetry to be read to the whole family by the fire side.
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	"Ever done something that you felt so guilty about that you couldn't help but confess? Maybe it was stealing candy or lying to your best friend; whatever the case, some just can't bear the burden of a heart heavy with guilt. And this is especially true for the unnamed narrator of Edgar Allan Poe's famous short story, '"The Tell-Tale Heart." "
Source:https://study.com/academy/lesson/poes-the-tell-tale-heart-summary-themes-analysis.htmlIn "Tell-Tale Heart", the narrator is driven to murder by a frivolous reason. What is this reason?
		
	
	his acute senses.
	
	his desire to murder the old man.
	
	his hearing of things in hell.
	
	his psychological anxiety.
	 
	his fear of the old man¿s eye.
	Respondido em 18/10/2022 20:19:14
	
	Explicação:
the narrator explains his motivation for the crime: the old man had 'the eye of a vulture', a 'pale blue eye with a film over it'. This sight of the eye terrified the narrator and he wanted to get rid of it; so, he decided to kill the man. He says that his senses were acute and he hears things in heaven and in hell, but these aspects are not reasons for committing the crime. He also says that he loved the man, so he did not have a desire to kill him.
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Nathaniel Hawthorne came from a long lineage of Puritans. Even though he tried hiding this fact, by adding a 'w' to his last name, especially because his descendants were connected to the Salem witchcraft trials, Puritan beliefs permeate his writings. What is the effect of a Puritan background on Hawthorne¿s writings? 
		
	
	The psychological terror and mental illness.
	 
	The emphasis on the original sin and guilt. 
	
	The concern about human happiness.
	
	The perfectness and divinity of humans.
	
	The optimism about the human nature.
	Respondido em 18/10/2022 20:31:11
	
	Explicação:
Hawthorne inherited a deep sense of moral earnestness and was concerned with the concepts of original sin and guilt and the claims of conscience and law. The psychological terror and mental illness are topics related to the Gothic tradition, and the perfectness and divinity of humans, optimism about human nature and pursuit of happiness are associated with Transcendentalism.  The only correct answer is thus: "The emphasis on the original sin and guilt". 
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	One of the main characters in Edith Wharton's The Age of Innocence is Countess Ellen Olenska, who returns to New York after years of living in Venice, Italy, with her husband, the Polish Count Olenski. The marriage had been a disaster, given that her partner, in addition to taking all her fortune and being an aggressive man, betrayed her with another woman. For that reason, she decides to leave and divorce the European noble.
Based on the relationship described between the characters, choose the correct alternative:
		
	
	Marriage is an institution that was experiencing major ascent at the time, in contrast to Ellen's relationship.
	 
	Ellen's title of nobility represents a society that changes but remains trapped in the privileges of the past.
	 
	Ellen's trip represents the advance of North American culture in relation to that of Europe.
	
	Italy is a setting that represents a new perspective for the institutions of nobility, unlike other countries.
	
	Count Olenski is a symbol of the evolution of nobility¿s values ​​in contrast to urban development.
	Respondido em 18/10/2022 20:31:17
	
	Explicação:
Ellen is a character filled with conflicts and contradictions in Edith Wharton's novel. While she represents the ideals of freedom and autonomy of women in the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, she also represents the maintenance of nobility's privileges by the New Yorker high society, even though its members stood against the aristocratic structure. Ellen's title of nobility, therefore, represents a society that changes but remains trapped in the privileges of the past.
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	In literature and in the arts, there are many examples of physical spaces that become more than mere geographic descriptions of the places where actions take place. Often, they are fundamental elements for the composition of the actions that move the story.
In the novels Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, and The Turn of the Screw, by Henry James, the spaces that play an important role in the construction of the characters are, respectively:
		
	
	The South of the United States; and the imagination of the Governess.
	
	Steamboat; and the servants' ghosts.
	
	Widow Douglas's house; and the city where Mrs. Grose was born.
	
	Tom Swayer's house; and the children's school.
	 
	The Mississippi and Ohio Rivers; and the Bly mansion.
	
		
	LITERATURA NORTE-AMERICANA: FORMAÇÃO
	
		Lupa
	 
	Calc.
	
	
	 
	 
	 
	
	DGT0643_202003414573_TEMAS
	
	
	
		Aluno: 
	Matr.: 
	Disc.: LITERATURA NORTE-A 
	2022.3 EAD (G) / EX
		Prezado (a) Aluno(a),
Você fará agora seu TESTE DE CONHECIMENTO! Lembre-se que este exercício é opcional, mas não valerá ponto para sua avaliação. O mesmo será composto de questões de múltipla escolha.
Após responde cada questão, você terá acesso ao gabarito comentado e/ou à explicação da mesma. Aproveite para se familiarizar com este modelo de questões que será usado na sua AV e AVS.
	03249A EXPERIÊNCIA COLONIAL
	 
		
	
		1.
		Published years after John Smith had left Jamestown, The General History of Virginia is an account of the events that happened in the colony and other areas while (and also after) Smith stayed there. Despite historical skepticism, the story of John Smith and Pocahontas narrated in A General History of Virginia is commonly interpreted as:
	
	
	
	the importance of women¿s role in indigenous communities.
	
	
	the narrative ability of colonizers to inspire new settlers.
	
	
	an idealized union that represents the harmonious creation of a new country.
	
	
	the naivete of indigenous groups under the wickedness of the English.
	
	
	the openness of European settlers to learn the traditions of Native Americans.
	Data Resp.: 09/10/2022 17:47:56
		Explicação:
The story of John Smith and Pocahontas is often seen as cordial symbol of the association between two groups (the English and the Native Americans) that would equally contribute to the formation of the United States, even though historically it may seem inaccurate.
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		Thomas Paine was one of the fundamental advocates of the American cause for independence. Choose the option that correctly states why Thomas Paine's Common Sense is an important historical text:
	
	
	
	Because it justified the implementation of abusive laws by the English.
	
	
	Because it showed Americans the importance of organizing troops.
	
	
	Because it rejected religion in favor of a completely secular view of the world.
	
	
	Because it illustrated the moral superiority of Americans in relation to the English.
	
	
	Because it indicated different reasons for America to separate from England.
	Data Resp.: 09/10/2022 17:48:41
		Explicação:
Paine's text is composed of several reasons - some logical, some very creative - that justify America's separation from England. Some of these are the geographical distance between the two countries and the fact that the Reformation happened before the discovery of America. The correct answer is then: "Because it indicated different reasons for America to separate from England".
	
	
	03250O SURGIMENTO DE UMA LITERATURA AMERICANA
	 
		
	
		3.
		Slavery is a brutal condition. In the case of the United States, it becomes even more atrocious. Why could slavery in the United States be seen as a paradox?
	
	
	
	Because it strongly contradicted the nation's economic interests.
	
	
	Because it strongly contradicted the nation's territorial expansion.
	
	
	Because it strongly contradicted the nation's international agreements.
	
	
	Because it strongly contradicted the nation's egalitarian ideals.
	
	
	Because it strongly contradicted the nation's religious beliefs.  
	Data Resp.: 09/10/2022 17:48:48
		Explicação:
Answer: Because it strongly contradicted the nation's egalitarian ideals.
Feedback: As the Declaration of Independence states, in the United States "all men are created equal". However, this egalitarianideal is in sharp opposition to the bondage of people who are forced to work as slaves.
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		Emerson and Thoreau belong to a philosophical movement that came to be known as Transcendentalism. Transcendentalism differs from Unitarianism in its:
	
	
	
	rejection of rational principles to explain spiritual beliefs.
	
	
	embrace of ideals proposed by John Locke.
	
	
	objection to accept the mysteries of the world.
	
	
	desire to separate the natural from the religious.
	
	
	opposition to the emphasis on individual experience.
	Data Resp.: 09/10/2022 17:49:31
		Explicação:
Answer: rejection of rational principles to explain spiritual beliefs.
Feedback: Unitarianism is more concerned with the way that logical explanations can justify religion. Transcendentalism, on the other hand, accepts the mysterious aspects of faith, with nature providing its main source of themes.  Hence, it neither embraces John Locke's ideals, nor does it desire to separate the natural from the religious (quite the opposite, in fact). What's more, it emphasizes individual experience. The correct answer is thus: rejection of rational principles to explain spiritual beliefs.
	
	
	03251POESIA ROMÂNTICA NORTE-AMERICANA
	 
		
	
		5.
		(...) [Henry Wadsworth] Longfellow set sail in 1826 for Europe, on what was to be a veritable voyage of exploration for himself and for romantic America. Within three years he visited Spain, France, Italy, and Germany, learned their languages, and began to familiarize himself with their literatures. Once back in America, he gave himself with the zeal of a missionary to the task of interpreting to New England its heritage of European romance. (TAYLOR, 1947, p. 189)
Retrieved from: TAYLOR, Walter Fuller. A History of American Letters. New York: American Book Company, 1947.
 
According to Walter Taylor, Longfellow was very interested in educating America about its European past. That is because...
	
	
	
	... he believed his duty to the United States, as a university man, was to educate and "improve the cultural tastes" of the common people by means of poetry.
	
	
	... he believed his duty to his country was to stay out of university, deeming it uninteresting as America¿s epicenter of knowledge.
	
	
	... he believed that Europe was the center of the world and there was no good in trying to pretend that the United States would ever be as culturally rich.
	
	
	... he believed that Europe was supposed to be the primitive past for America¿s new present, inferring that the U.S. would rise above all other countries in Europe and beyond.
	
	
	... he believed that Europe was not an interesting heritage for the United States he wished to build, because it set standards of nationalism which did not match American reality.
	Data Resp.: 09/10/2022 17:49:35
		Explicação:
Answer: ... he believed his duty to the United States, as a university man, was to educate and "improve the cultural tastes" of the common people by means of poetry.
Feedback: Significantly, Lowell, Holmes and Longfellow were all poets who came from the university. At that time in the history of the United States, the university was largely focused on creating useful and proper citizens for its nation - in a way it was an authenticator for men who aimed to learn how to be citizens contributing to their recently independent nation. After leaving university, then, men like Lowell, Holmes and Longfellow felt as their duty to teach their nation¿s people about the values and morals of an educated citizen. The correct answer is then: "he believed his duty to the United States, as a university man, was to educate and ¿improve the cultural tastes¿ of the common people by means of poetry".
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		The following verses exemplify important features in Emily Dickinson's poems. Choose the option that correctly names those features:
Banish Air from Air -
Divide Light if you dare -
They'll meet
While Cubes in a Drop
Or Pellets of Shape
Fit -
Retrieved from: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/56454/banish-air-from-air-963
	
	
	
	Metaphors and hyperboles.
	
	
	Capitalizations and dashes.
	
	
	Dashes and nominalizations.
	
	
	Allegories and Metonyms.
	
	
	Allegories and symbols.
	Data Resp.: 09/10/2022 17:49:23
		Explicação:
Answer: Capitalizations and dashes.
Feedback: Emily Dickinson brought about formal innovations to the writing of poems. Reading her poems should combine addressing the social issues they tap into, that is, the content of the verses, with an interpretation of how the verses occupy the pages. Her poems are also visual constructions. That being said, two features stand out in how her verses are visually presented: her use of capitalizations as well as dashes.
	
	
	03252FICÇÃO ROMÂNTICA NORTE-AMERICANA E CRÍTICA DA METAFÍSICA DA NATUREZA
	 
		
	
		7.
		Poe is, certainly, best remembered for his gothic tales of psychological terror. In "The Black Cat", one of his most famous stories, the mood is set by means of repetition of certain words. The narrator explains that he used to have a good nature and love animals, but __________ transformed him into an evil person.
 
Choose the alternative that best completes the paragraph below
	
	
	
	marriage
	
	
	alcohol
	
	
	pets
	
	
	guilt
	
	
	irritability
	Data Resp.: 09/10/2022 17:49:17
		Explicação:
The narrator explains that alcohol made him grow moody, irritable, insensitive, and violent. Irritability is a consequence of his alcoholism. Marriage was a happy event, and his wife also loved animals. He feels the guilt when he does evil things; which is not the cause of his change, but one of the consequences of his addiction. Pets do not change him; they are victims of his perverseness. 
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		Nathaniel Hawthorne is known as a master of the allegorical and symbolic tale. What is allegorical literature?
	
	
	
	a narrative that describes the setting and characters thoroughly.
	
	
	a type of literature that reflects about itself.
	
	
	a narrative that expresses the feelings of a character.
	
	
	a symbolic narrative that reveals a non-explicit meaning. 
	
	
	a type of literature that is clear and explicit.
	Data Resp.: 09/10/2022 17:49:10
		Explicação:
Allegorical literature refers to a symbolic narrative that conveys a meaning that is not explicit in the text. The understanding of this meaning depends on a process of interpretation on the reader¿s part. A thorough description may be allegorical or not, because what characterizes allegory is the meaning that is not explicit but may be inferred by interpreting the fable or symbol. The narrative that expresses the feelings of a character is called impressionistic, a type of literature that is clear and explicit is the opposite of an allegorical literature, and literature that reflects about itself is known as self.
	
	
	03253PERCEPÇÕES REALISTAS
	 
		
	
		9.
		The Age of Innocence is one of the most important novels in modern American literature and a masterpiece by Edith Wharton. Not coincidentally, the book won the 1921 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, making the writer the first woman to win the award. The story takes place in Gilded Age New York City, marked by profound socioeconomic changes, at the end of the 19th century.
Among the innovations brought by the novel, we can highlight:
	
	
	
	The use of literary techniques never utilized in North American literature.
	
	
	The experimentation of the population's language, constituted by European immigrants.
	
	
	The discussion on the limits of the less privileged classes in economic terms.
	
	
	The presentation of characters in crisis with their family's past.
	
	
	The realist perception as a result of the articulation between social and psychological perspectives.
	Data Resp.: 09/10/2022 17:49:04
		Explicação:
Although influenced by Henry James, EdithWharton deepened her "sense of imprisonment" by retaking, within the social conventions of the North American upper middle class, the struggles experienced by women in society, trying to occupy their position according to their desires and thoughts. In this novel, social realism is combined with psychological realism, as we are introduced to the characters' internal conflicts to understand the motivation of their actions.
	
	
	 
		
	
		10.
		Through The Turn of the Screw, Henry James seduces us not only with the ghosts of his story, but with the process of building the narrative itself, which makes us doubt what, in fact, is being narrated. It is not by chance that it is a fundamental book in modern American literature, since it revolutionizes the way of telling stories.
Considering such importance, choose the alternative that indicates one of the main narrative techniques developed by James:
	
	
	
	Historical time
	
	
	Point of view
	
	
	Idealization of feelings
	
	
	Literary portrait
	
	
	Undetermined character
	Data Resp.: 09/10/2022 17:49:01