Literatura Norte-Americana Formação - SIMULADO AV2 ESTÁCIO

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Puritan thinking and beliefs informed colonial America and many of Puritan principles are still relevant nowadays. Choose the alternative that
contains one of the central ideas behind Puritanism:
the interest in indoctrinating members of different religions.
the rejection of the principles of the Reformation.
 the belief in the inherent sinful nature of humankind.
the worship of saintly images and symbols.
the need to follow the precepts of the Pope.
Respondido em 22/11/2022 12:20:22
 
 
Explicação:
According to the Puritans, man is born evil due to the original sin (when Adam and Eve were expelled from the Garden of Eden), and as evil and
corrupt, need regeneration and salvation. The original sin tainted all human existence, and because of that humankind was naturally evil and
subject to corruption. Therefore, the correct option is: "the belief in the inherent sinful nature of humankind".
 
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Catholics and Puritans perceived material prosperity differently. Bearing this distinction in mind, choose the option that correctly explains how
Puritans tended to view prosperity and success:
as tests sent by God to evince the greed of men.
as ideas normally associated to Catholicism.
 as heavenly rewards of their efforts and labor.
as natural consequences of the English colonization.
as examples of mankind¿s wickedness.
Respondido em 22/11/2022 12:22:28
 
 
Explicação:
Notions such as success and prosperity are seen by Puritans as blessings sent by God in response to their hard work. The reward for being a
pious and industrious man comes on Earth, not in the afterlife. Differently from Catholicism, which tends to see work as punishment and
consequently views wealth negatively, Puritanism believes that good Christians, through their efforts and merits, are able to live comfortably, by
attaining material goods. Good Christians reap the rewards of hard work.
 
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As atrocious as slavery was, it played a fundamental role to the South of the United States. Slavery was important to the Southern economy
because it supported
the strengthening of institutions.
 the perpetuation of the agricultural model.
the construction of urban cities.
the maintenance of factories.
the development of new inventions.
Respondido em 22/11/2022 12:23:14
 
 
Explicação:
Answer: the perpetuation of the agricultural model.
Feedback: The economy of the South of the United States was based on "plantations" and agricultural produce. The type of labor used to
maintain this structure was of African slaves, therefore, they were essential for the permanence of such a model in the South.
 
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Slavery is a brutal condition. In the case of the United States, it becomes even more atrocious. Why could slavery in the United States be
seen as a paradox?
 Because it strongly contradicted the nation's egalitarian ideals.
Because it strongly contradicted the nation's religious beliefs. 
Because it strongly contradicted the nation's territorial expansion.
Because it strongly contradicted the nation's international agreements.
Because it strongly contradicted the nation's economic interests.
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Respondido em 22/11/2022 12:41:06
 
 
Explicação:
Answer: Because it strongly contradicted the nation's egalitarian ideals.
Feedback: As the Declaration of Independence states, in the United States "all men are created equal". However, this egalitarian ideal is in
sharp opposition to the bondage of people who are forced to work as slaves.
 
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I celebrate myself, and sing myself,
And what I assume you shall assume,
For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.
(...)
My tongue, every atom of my blood, form'd from this soil, this air,
Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,
I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin,
Hoping to cease not till death
Retrieved from: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45477/song-of-myself-1892-version
 
Choose the alternative(s) that correctly interpret(s) the verses above:
i. The poet disrupts the division between body and soul
ii. The poet unifies the spiritual with the physical
iii. His syntax is similar to the ones who wrote before him
 i. and ii. are correct
i., ii. and iii. are correct
iii. is correct
Only i. is correct
i. and iii. are correct
Respondido em 22/11/2022 12:42:13
 
 
Explicação:
Answer: i. and ii. are correct
Feedback: The voice of the poet disrupts the divisions between body and soul, unifying the physical with the spiritual. To pay attention to the
"spear of summer grass", the part of a whole, and to acknowledge it in its own value, is to take a step into understanding oneself as a common
part of a bigger picture, the lawn. His large and ongoing syntax is quite distinct from those who wrote before him. Therefore, only i. and ii. are
correct.
 
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A strain of Romanticism that took root among writers in mid-19th-century New England. Ralph Waldo Emerson laid out its principles in his
1836 manifesto Nature, in which he asserted that the natural and material world exist to reveal universal meaning to the individual soul via
one's subjective experiences. He promoted the poet's role as seer, a "transparent eyeball" that received insight intuitively through his or her
perception of nature. Henry David Thoreau was an early disciple of Emerson's philosophy.
Retrieved from: Editors of The Poetry Foundation. Available at: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/learn/glossary-terms/transcendentalism
 
After reading the entry for Transcendentalism on the website The Poetry Foundation, one may assert that...
... Transcendentalism is directly related to the manner in which one related to the animals around him or her.
 ... Transcendentalism is directly related to the Romantic ideals which privileged intuition over logic in one's relationship with their life
experiences.
... Transcendentalism is indirectly related to American ideals of freedom to the individual and financial free-market.
... Transcendentalism is directly related to a body of literature produced by European Romantic writers, deeming it indispensable as a
background reading for the movement.
... Transcendentalism is indirectly related to the natural world, which imparted such a vivid experience of living that transported those
who experienced it.
Respondido em 22/11/2022 12:43:47
 
 
Explicação:
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Answer: ... Transcendentalism is directly related to the Romantic ideals which privileged intuition over logic in one's relationship with their life
experiences.
Feedback: Beyond many influences Whitman had throughout his life as a reader and, later, as a poet, it is an unanimity between scholars that
Ralph Waldo Emerson and more specifically his 1844 essay "The Poet" majorly shaped Whitman's worldview, a perspective which came through
in his poems. Emerson is widely known as the American poet of United States' Transcendentalism. This was a North American variety of the
Romanticist ideals that prevailed in Europe at the beginning of the XIX century. Poets and philosophers aligned to this system of thought
believed in the primacy of insight over logic and one's relationship with the experience of life over the blind trust on a preconceived set of
normative principles. Besides that, these thinkers shared the understanding that human nature was innately good and that there was an
essential unity to all creation.
 
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"Berenice" is the tale of a man, Egaeus, who marries his cousin, Berenice, a cheerful girl who suffers from a fatal disease. A macabre story
as "Berenice - a tale", exemplary of Poe's universe, highlights the ____________ of the narrator.
Choose the alternative that best completes the paragraph below
imagination
 physical disease
methods
intelligence
 mental illness
Respondido em 22/11/202212:44:24
 
 
Explicação:
From the beginning, readers notice the narrator's unbalanced behavior, his obsession with Berenice¿s teeth and his lack of memory about
Berenice's death and burial, as evidence to his mental illness. Physical disease is present in the story as a characteristic of Berenice. Narrator's
intelligence and imagination may be inferred by the readers, but are not explicit in the story. Egaeus's methods are not described in the tale,
since he has lost his memory about Berenice's death.
 
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"Bartleby, the Scrivener", depicts a man who is a copyist, a profession that demands people to copy documents by hand, an equivalent of a
photocopy machine of the 19th century. One characteristic of Bartleby is his ____________________. 
 
Choose the best option to fill the gap
obedience
cooperation
 dehumanization
joy
energy
Respondido em 22/11/2022 12:51:40
 
 
Explicação:
The employee, Bartleby, isolates and alienates himself from work, people and the world itself. He incorporates the purpose of his position,
transforming himself in a human machine. In the first days at the office, Bartleby works very well, demonstrating cooperation, obedience,
energy, and joy; however, he gradually disentangles his being from the nets of work, family, friends and class. 
 
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In an interview with The Sunday Oregon, August 9, 1895, Mark Twain makes the following statement about creating characters like Tom
Sawyer and Huck Finn: "I rather enjoyed writing them. The characters were no creations of my own. I simply sketched them from life. I
knew both those boys so well that it was easy to write what they did and said. I've a sort of fondness for 'em anyway." (From:
https://twain.lib.virginia.edu/onstage/mttalks.html)
 
Considering the creative process of the writer, choose the correct alternative:
 By privileging the observation of everyday life and giving voice to characters from the lower classes of society, Mark Twain adheres to
the realist aesthetics in literature.
The characters in Mark Twain's novels originate from reports made when he was a reporter for newspapers.
For Mark Twain, creating characters is more important than defining the space of their actions.
Mark Twain's literature is strictly based on autobiographical episodes in order to grant legitimacy to the stories.
Mark Twain summarizes the authors' difficulty, in the 19th century, in moving from romanticism to realism within literature.
Respondido em 22/11/2022 12:53:44
 
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Explicação:
Mark Twain's literature is of a regionalist realism, that is, from regional aspects he builds a story based on the objective representation of
elements of the rural daily life in America, giving prominence to a segment of society placed on the margins of the social, political and economic
development. The only correct option is thus: "By privileging the observation of everyday life and giving voice to characters from the lower
classes of society, Mark Twain adheres to the realist aesthetics in literature".
 
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The Turn of the Screw is a work filled with ambiguities and contradictions, and this is mainly due to the extensive mastery of the narrative
techniques used by Henry James in his construction. In addition to the psychological dimension, the narrative also makes a clear distinction
between the social classes of characters in Bly Manor.
 
Considering the information above, choose the correct alternative:
The Turn of the Screw is a novel of deep social realism, exposing power struggles as the most important matter.
Since they all live in the same house and carry out the same functions, the differences between the characters are only related to
gender.
 Class differences define the roles of each character in the narrative and in the manipulation of the distinct versions of the story.
Henry James' narrative techniques are used so as not to make the classes of the characters evident.
Class differences are attenuated the moment the story begins to translate the narrator's confusion.
Respondido em 22/11/2022 13:01:07
 
 
Explicação:
Class differences are present from the hiring of the Governess to the suspicions involving the death of one of the servants, which is the case of
Miss Jessel. The children's uncle promises the Governess a high salary, which makes her accept the job. Furthermore, the education received by
the Governess puts her in a superior social condition to Mrs. Grose. The children, in turn, are in a position of authority over their caregivers, not
so much because of the vulnerability of their age, but, above all, because of their class privileges. Class differences, hence, define the roles of
each character in the narrative and in the manipulation of the distinct versions of the story.
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