LÍNGUA INGLESA RELAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS

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Disc.: LÍNGUA INGLESA RELAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS   
Aluno(a): JOSE CARLOS ALMEIDA JUNIOR 202001579656
Acertos: 4,0 de 10,0 23/04/2023
 
 
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In�nitives may perform different syntactic roles: subject, noun complement, direct object, to name just a few.
Read the sentence below and choose the option that correctly identi�es the syntactic function performed by
the in�nitive:
"My main objective is to �nish university as soon as possible..."
 noun complement
direct object
 subject complement
prepositional complement
subject
Respondido em 23/04/2023 19:45:54
 
 
Explicação:
Answer key: subject complement
Feedback:
Subject complement (ANSWER) - An in�nitive functions as subject complement when it is placed after a linking verb,
which is the case in question.
Subject - When an in�nitive structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, an in�nitive structure must be located after a transitive verb,
which is not the case of the main verb of the sentence (= it is a linking verb)
Prepositional complement - it refers to using an in�nitive structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that
the sentence does not become agrammatical.
Noun complement - it deals with using an in�nitive form right after a noun to provide more details on it.
 
 
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Verbals are extremely resourceful in the English language. They can be manifested in speci�c forms, such as
gerunds, in�nitives, or participles. Bearing this in mind, read the text below:
 Questão1
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 Questão2
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https://simulado.estacio.br/alunos/inicio.asp
javascript:voltar();
Adaptations of children's texts occur because of assumptions that children lack the knowledge and experience
of adults and have only a limited capacity to assimilate the unfamiliar and the foreign. Translators should be
aware of the stylistic features and modes of address appropriate for different age groups. In recent decades
translators have generally demonstrated a greater faith in children's ability to accommodate difference.
Source: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199239306.001.0001/oxfordhb-
9780199239306-e-015
The highlighted elements in the text are examples of:
Past participles
 To-in�nitives
Bare in�nitives
Gerunds
Present participles
Respondido em 23/04/2023 19:47:59
 
 
Explicação:
Answer key: To-in�nitives
Feedback:
To-in�nitives (ANSWER) - a non-�nite verb form composed of TO + verb, which is the case of the elements
highlighted in the text: to assimilate and to accommodate.
Gerund - it is a verb + ing structure which is used to function as a noun.
Bare in�nitive - it is when an in�nitive form is exploited without TO. It is typically used after modal verbs.
Present participle - it refers to a verb + ing structure which can be used to characterize nouns, for example.
Past Participle - Past participles are used to form Perfect Verb Tenses in English and are based either on regular verb
forms ("-ed" ending) or irregular verb forms.
 
 
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Verbals comprise a special set of non-�nite forms present in the English language. They can be used to perform
a variety of syntactic functions depending on the type of transitivity a sentence presents, as well as other
factors involving punctuation and sentence patters, for example. Bearing this information in mind, read the
sentence below:
"My assignment, to write an essay in 40 minutes, was a great challenge."
The in�nitive form in the sentence above functions as:
 appositive
prepositional complement
subject
direct object
subject complement
Respondido em 23/04/2023 19:50:09
 
 
Explicação:
Answer key: appositive
Feedback:
 Questão3
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Appositive (ANSWER) - In�nitives operate as appositives when they are used to offer extra information on the
subject and are placed between commas, which is the case in question.
Subject complement - An in�nitive functions as subject complement when it is placed after a linking verb, which is not
the case in question.
Subject - When an in�nitive structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, an in�nitive structure must be located after a transitive verb,
which is not the case of the main verb of the sentence (= it is a linking verb)
Prepositional complement - it refers to using an in�nitive structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that
the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized.
 
 
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Gerund Clauses can be present in a variety of texts. Bearing this piece of information in mind, consider the
following passage from The Catcher in the Rye:
 
"If you really want to hear about it, the �rst thing you'll probably want to know is where I was born, and what
my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David
Copper�eld stuff, but I don't feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth."
 
Source: http://www.uzickagimnazija.edu.rs/�les/Catcher%20in%20the%20Rye.pdf     
 
What is the function of the Gerund Clause highlighted in the passage above?
 
Prepositional complement
Subject
 Direct object
Subject complement
Indirect object
Respondido em 23/04/2023 19:51:06
 
 
Explicação:
Direct object (ANSWER) - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a
transitive verb or verbal expression (i.e. feel like), which is the case in question.
Prepositional complement - it refers to using gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so
that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive
verbs.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking
verb.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
 
 
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The verbal structure in English can be composed of either �nite or non-�nite structures, depending on the type
of relation devised inside a sentence. Bearing this piece of information in mind, consider the following passage:
 Questão4
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 Questão5
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Researchers (1)have (2)used a COVID vaccine (3) to treat a patient (4) suffering from the virus, rather than for
just (5) preventing infection, for the �rst time
(Source: https://www.newsweek.com/man-prisoner-7-month-covid-infection-treated-p�zer-vaccine-�rst-ian-
lester-immunocompromised-1690401)
The TOTAL of non-�nite structures highlighted in the text is:
Two
 Four
Five
 Three
One
Respondido em 23/04/2023 19:52:17
 
 
Explicação:
Four (ANSWER) ¿ Items [2] = past participle, [3] = in�nite, [4] = present participle, and [5] = gerund are
examples of non-�nite structures, since there is no subject-verb agreement. Item [1] = auxiliary verb must
agree with the subject. Consequently, it is the only �nite structure.
One ¿ inferior to the total of non-�nite structures
Two ¿ inferior to the total of non-�nite structures
Three ¿ inferior to the total of non-�nite structures
Five ¿ superior to the total of non-�nite structures.
 
 
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Consider the following passage from The Pit and The Pendulum:
 
''The agony of suspense grew at length intolerable, and I cautiously moved forward, with my arms extended, and
my eyes straining from their sockets, in the hope of catching some faint ray of light.''
 
Source: https://poestories.com/read/pit
 
 
What is the function of the Gerund Clause highlighted in the passage above?
Subject complement
 Direct object
Indirect object
 Prepositional complement
Subject
Respondido em 23/04/2023 19:54:25
 
 
Explicação:
Prepositionalcomplement (ANSWER) - it refers to using a gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition
so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized. It is what happens in the
example above.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive verbs.
 Questão6
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Subject complement - A gerund functions as a subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
 
 
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The advise-type includes a some verbs, such as "advise".  Mark the option in which an advise-type main verb is
completed by a to-in�nitive clause:
Emma made no answer, and tried to look cheerfully unconcerned.
Emma wanted him very much to be gone.
 Miss Fairfax should be allowed to come to you at such a time.
But she had believed them to be well-meaning, worthy people (...).
He had heard many people say the same.
Respondido em 23/04/2023 19:55:39
 
 
Explicação:
Other than the verb "advise" itself, this category also includes other verbs such as:
allow
cause
force
urge
permit
Therefore, the only option that presents this type of verb is: Miss Fairfax should be allowed to come to you at such a
time. Furthermore, the verb "allowed" Is followed by a to-in�nitive clause "to come to you at such a time".
 
 
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A to-in�nitive clause may play the role of subject, object, adjunct and even object complement. Choose the
option in which the in�nitive clause plays the role of object complement:
 Sir William's interruption has made me forget everything.
To imitate his politeness, she admired the beauty of the place.
She wanted to persuade herself.
 He has pledged to assist Mr. Wickham with money.
He was coming to us in order to assure us of his concern.
Respondido em 23/04/2023 19:56:03
 
 
Explicação:
All the alternatives above were adapted from the novel Pride and Prejudice.
AUSTEN, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Available at: The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane
Austen. Accessed Oct 12th, 2021
 
To imitate his politeness, she admired the beauty of the place and He was coming to us in order to assure us of his
concern contain examples in which the to-in�nitive clauses function as circumstantial adjuncts, they provide us with
the reason why. In He has pledged to assist Mr. Wickham with money and She wanted to persuade herself, they
complete the main verb, playing the role of objects. At last, in Sir William's interruption has made me forget
 Questão7
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 Questão8
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everything, the bare-in�nitive clause operates as an object complement, since "forget everything" is connected to the
object "me".
 
 
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Read the statements below, bearing in mind the semantic functions of the RPCs:
I - The main semantic role of reduced relative clauses is to freeze actions into discursive images.
II - Concessive, conditional and place are three types of adverbial clauses that express opposition.
III - proportion clauses are a type of adverbial clause that expresses the notion of causality.
Choose the option below that correctly evaluates the sentences as true or false.
I - true, II - false, III - true.
I - false, II - true, III - true.
 I - false, II - false, III - false
I - true, II - true, III - false.
 I - true, II - false, III - false.
Respondido em 23/04/2023 19:57:20
 
 
Explicação:
Answer: I - true, II - false, III - false.
Feedback: It is true that the main semantic role of reduced relative clauses is really to crystalize actions into
discursive images. However, it is not true that place clauses express the notion of opposition, as well as it is not true
that proportion clauses express the notion of causality. Therefore, the only correct option is "I - true, II - false, III
- false".
 
 
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The only types of adverbial clauses which can be reduced to participle clauses are the ones expressing notions
of time, causality and opposition. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentences below and mark the
option that contains a reduceable adverbial clause.
We usually get out to drink where the other blue-collar workers of the city gather. 
Wherever my parents go, I usually follow them.
 If she follows his advice, they will �nally work out their issues.
 The faster the driving, the more dangerous it becomes.
The bigger the problems, the richer the opportunities.
Respondido em 23/04/2023 19:58:01
 
 
Explicação:
Answer: If she follows his advice, they will �nally work out their issues.
Feedback: The only option among the ones above that expresses the notions of time, causality or opposition is: "If she
follows his advice, they will �nally work out their issues". The clause in question expresses the notion of opposition
since it is a conditional clause. The other options either express the idea of place or proportion.
 
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 Questão10
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