Grammar Verb To Be

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Grammar - Verb to be 
O verb to be é irregular, isto é, ele possui três formas no presente simples: am, is, are; duas 
formas no passado simples: was, were; uma forma no futuro simples: will be; uma forma no 
particípio presente: being; e uma forma no particípio passado: been. Quando ele ocupa a 
posição de verbo principal da oração, temos o sentido de ser e estar. Caso contrário, ele 
ocupará a posição de auxiliary verb (verbo auxiliar), acompanhando o main verb (verbo principal) 
da frase. 
O Simple Past , também chamado de Past Simple (passado simples), é um dos tempos verbais 
do inglês. Ele é equivalente ao passado simples na língua portuguesa. O Simple Past é usado para 
indicar ações passadas já concluídas, ou seja, para falar de fatos que já aconteceram; que 
começaram e terminaram no passado. 
A formação básica do Simple Past é feita com o uso do auxiliar did nas formas negativa e 
interrogativa, e com o acréscimo de –ed, –ied ou –d ao final do verbo principal no infinitivo, sem 
o to, na forma afirmativa. 
Expressões temporais usadas com o Simple Past 
Para reforçar o uso do Simple Past, muitas expressões temporais são utilizadas nas frases. 
Os exemplos mais usuais são: 
➢ yesterday (ontem), 
➢ the day before yesterday (anteontem), 
➢ last night (ontem à noite), 
➢ last year (ano passado), 
➢ last month (mês passado), 
➢ last week (semana passada), 
➢ ago (atrás), etc. 
 
✓ Affirmative form (forma afirmativa) 
Regular verbs (verbos regulares) 
Para usar os verbos regulares em frases afirmativas no Simple Past, basta mudar a terminação 
do verbo de acordo com as seguintes regras: 
 
1. Aos verbos regulares terminados em –e, acrescenta-se somente o –d no final do verbo: 
• to love (amar) – loved 
• to lie (mentir) – lied 
• to arrive (chegar) – arrived 
• to like (gostar) – liked 
 
2. Aos verbos regulares terminados em consoante+vogal+consoante (CVC), duplica-se a última 
consoante e acrescenta-se o –ed: 
• stop (parar) – stopped 
• control (controlar) – controlled 
• plan (planejar) – planned 
• prefer (prefer) – preferred 
 
3. Aos verbos terminados em –y precedido de consoante, retira-se o y e acrescenta-se o –ied:to 
study (estudar) – studied 
• to worry (preocupar-se) – worried 
• to cry (chorar) – cried 
• to try (tentar) – tried 
 
4. Aos verbos terminados em –y precedido de vogal, acrescenta-se somente o –ed: 
• enjoy (aproveitar) – enjoyed 
• stay (ficar) – stayed 
• play (brincar; jogar) – played 
 
Irregular verbs (verbos irregulares) 
Os verbos irregulares não possuem um padrão de formação. Eles não seguem as regras indicadas 
acima pois possuem uma forma própria. 
 
 
A formação de frases na afirmativa no Simple Past segue a estrutura abaixo: 
 
Sujeito + verbo + complemento 
 
Exemplo: She liked the English teacher. 
(Ela gostou da professora de inglês). 
 
 
✓ Negative Form (Forma Negativa) 
Para a construção de frases negativas no Simple Past, o verbo did é empregado como verbo 
auxiliar. 
O verbo principal não é conjugado no passado, uma vez que o auxiliar já indica o tempo verbal. 
Sua estrutura frasal é feita da seguinte forma: 
Sujeito + did + not + verbo principal + complemento 
 
Exemplo: She did not like the English teacher. (Ela não gostou da professora de inglês) 
 
Obs.: a forma contraída de did not é didn’t. 
 
✓ Interrogative Form (Forma Interrogativa) 
Da mesma maneira que acontece na forma negativa, o did é o verbo auxiliar utilizado para as 
frases interrogativas no Simple Past . 
 
Veja a estrutura abaixo: 
Did + sujeito + verbo principal + complemento 
 
Exemplo: Did she like the English teacher? (Ela gostou da professora de inglês?) 
 
Obs.: somente o verbo auxiliar (did) é conjugado no Simple Past. Não é necessário conjugar o 
verbo principal. 
 
Short answers são basicamente respostas curtas e diretas, para perguntas objetivas. 
Ex: 
• Yes, she did 
• Yes, we did 
• No, I didn’t 
• No, They didn’t 
 
Exercícios 
 
✓ Escolha a alternativa com a short answer (resposta curta) correta para cada pergunta no 
Passado Simples (verbos regulares e irregulares). 
 
1) Did your cousins like the movie? 
a) No, we did not. 
b) No, they did not. 
c) Yes, you did. 
 
2) Did you talk to my parents? 
a) Yes, they did. 
b) Yes, she did. 
c) No, I didn't. 
 
3) Did you get there in time? 
a) Yes, we did. 
b) No, they didn't. 
c) Yes, you and I did. 
 
4) Did Mary talk to you about the report? 
a) No, she did not. 
b) No, we did. 
c) Yes, she didn't. 
 
5) Did you and Tom find a parking spot? 
a) Yes, I did. 
b) Yes, he did. 
c) Yes, we did. 
 
6) Did Jenny and your sister travel together? 
a) No, you didn't. 
b) Yes, they did. 
c) Yes, she did. 
 
7) Did you study yesterday? 
a) Yes, you did. 
b) No, they didn't. 
c) Yes, I did. 
 
✓ Complete the sentences with the SIMPLE PAST of the verbs in parentheses: 
 
a) They ____________________ (watch) TV last night. 
b) Priscila ____________________ (talk) to her friends all day. 
c) I ___________________ (have) a terrible headache yesterday. 
d) Bob _____________________ (come) home from school late. 
e) They ____________________ (arrive) late and ___________________ (miss) the bus. 
f) She ____________________ (study) hard and ___________________(pass) the exam. 
g) He ____________________ (call) the office to tell them he was sick. 
h) I ___________________ (speak) to the director as he was leaving the room. 
i) Dr. Johnson ______________________ (get up) early this morning. 
j) Mary _____________________ (do) her homework and ________________ (go) to 
school. 
k) Chris ____________________ (find) a ten-dollar bill. 
l) The dog ______________________ (follow) us down the road. 
m) Those students _____________________ (work) hard last semester. 
n) Lúcio ___________________ (stop) at the corner and __________________ (call) us. 
o) I ___________________ (try) to talk to Helen last night. 
p) I ___________________ (pay) the phone bill yesterday. 
q) My dad ____________________ (catch) a cold when he ________________ (be) in 
Canada. 
r) She _____________________ (leave) home early yesterday. 
s) They ____________________ (know) each other very well when they 
________________ (be) kids. 
t) The teacher _____________________ (bring) the exams corrected. 
u) She was cleaning the vase when she ____________________ (drop) it. 
v) We ___________________ (jog) in the park yesterday. 
w) The fire ____________________ (occur) while we ___________________ (be) out. 
x) I __________________ (meet) some nice people at the party last weekend. 
y) Carol _____________________ (sleep) until late on the weekend. Then, she 
_______________ (go) out to lunch. 
z) We ______________________ (fly) to the USA on a great airplane. 
 
✓ Simple Past long form or short form: Fill in the correct form. 
 
Yesterday it ________ (to be) my friend´s birthday. He ________ (to invite) a lot of friends 
from school. It ________ (to be) very hot so we ________ (to decide) to go to the swimming 
pool. The swimming pool ________ (not to be) full so we ________ (to swim) a lot. 
Suddenly Joe ________ (to fall) and ________ (to hurt) himself. We ________ (to call) an 
ambulance. He ________ (not to stay) in hospital but he ________ (to have) a broken arm. 
 
 
✓ Fill in the correct Simple Past form of the verb, 
1. Ben ___________ Emily at the party. (to see) 
2. He ___________ to her about the music. (to speak) 
3. Ben ___________ fish and chips for lunch. (to eat) 
4. Lucy ___________ me her photographs. (to send) 
5. Jake ___________ a new camera. (to buy) 
6. The football coach ___________ the red shirts. (to choose) 
7. Lily ___________ a wallet with a lot of money. (to find) 
8. Everybody ___________ to the swimming pool. (to go) 
9. We ___________ a great meal in the new restaurant. (to have) 
10. He ___________ a new song. (to write) 
 
✓ Simple Past short form: Fill inthe correct form. 
1. Peter ________ for Emily´s ticket. (to pay) 
2. We ________ in the park this morning. (to be) 
3. He ________ his friend in 2013. (to visit) 
4. The bird ________ high in the sky. (to fly) 
5. She ________ 14 last year. (not to be) 
6. We ________ in the park this morning. (to be) 
7. The Olympic Games ________ last month. (not to finish) 
 
Make the past simple: positive, negative or question. 
1. I _________________ (not / drink) any beer last night. 
2. She _________________ (get on) the bus in the centre of the city. 
3. What time _________________ (he / get up) yesterday? 
4. Where _________________ (you / get off) the train? 
5. I _________________ (not / change) trains at Victoria. 
6. We _________________ (wake up) very late. 
7. What _________________ (he / give) his mother for Christmas? 
8. I _________________ (receive) £300 when my uncle _________________ (die). 
9. We _________________ (not / use) the computer last night. 
10. _________________ (she / make) good coffee? 
11. They _________________ (live) in Paris. 
12. She _________________ (read) the newspaper yesterday. 
13. I _________________ (not / watch) TV. 
14. He _________________ (not / study) for the exam. 
15. _________________ (he / call) you? 
16. _________________ (I / forget) something? 
17. What time _________________ (the film / start)? 
18. He _________________ (have) a shower. 
19. Why _________________ (you / come)? 
20. _________________ (he / go) to the party?