LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS SINTÁTICOS E SEMÂNTICOS

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1a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
Collocations can be divided into strong, weak and fixed collocations. Each of 
them represents a different type of combination among words. Bearing it in 
mind, choose the option underlined below that presents a correct example of 
strong collocations. 
 
 
I am expecting my girlfriend to arrive so we can go out together. 
 
Old people always say: better late than never. 
 
Since you have been gone, my days are all black clouds and silver 
linings. 
 
My mother bought some greens and vegetables for our dinner 
tonight. 
 
Considering that there was nothing else to be done, he just shrugged 
his shoulders. 
Respondido em 07/07/2023 11:57:12 
 
Explicação: 
Strong collocations mark combinations of words that are likely to occur, but 
are not fixed expressions, like idioms. The sentence that presents an example 
of strong collocations is in "Considering that there was nothing else to be 
done, he just shrugged his shoulders". 
 
 
2a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
In the graphic schematization of a semantic network, the ____________ 
represent the concepts while the _____________ represent the __________ 
and semantic link among them. 
Read the passage above and mark the option that fills in its gaps correctly and 
in the right order. 
 
 
nodes, arches and hierarchical. 
 
concepts, arches and structural. 
 
hierarchy, nodes and conceptual. 
 
concepts, categories and structural. 
 
nodes, arches and syntactic. 
Respondido em 07/07/2023 11:22:10 
 
Explicação: 
The graphic representation of the concepts in a semantic network is made by 
the nodes while the arches represent the semantic and the hierarchical links 
among them. 
 
 
3a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
Read the following assertions about the concept of collocation: 
I. Collocations can be described as combinations of words that are likely to 
come together to perform pragmatic functions 
II. Collocations are a type of link between words that is based on syntactic 
rules governing the sentences. 
III. Collocations can be seen as a tool to achieve cohesion among words 
Which of the options below characterize the assertions in the correct way? 
 
 
I - false, II - false, III - true. 
 
I - true, II - false, III - false. 
 
I - true, II - true, III - true. 
 
I - false, II - false, III - false. 
 
I - true, II - false, III - true. 
Respondido em 07/07/2023 11:00:34 
 
Explicação: 
Collocations can be seen as a means to achieve cohesion and a likely 
combination of words. However, they are not based on syntactic rules. 
 
 
4a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
The following statements refer to figurative language, that is to the use of 
language in which the literal and conventional meaning of the word/expression 
is replaced by a non-literal reading. Which statements are true? 
I) Idioms are chains of words whose meaning is not the combination of the 
particular meaning of each part of unity. 
II) Formulaic expressions are a specific kind of idioms that are formed in line 
with a standard type of structure, that comprises usually a verb followed by its 
objective. 
III) Sayings are crystalized linguistic forms whose meaning is not a product of 
spontaneous combination. 
 
 
I and II are true. 
 
Only I is true. 
 
Only III is true. 
 
II and III are true. 
 
Only II is true. 
Respondido em 07/07/2023 11:49:39 
 
Explicação: 
idioms are combinations of words with non-literal meaning while tournure 
idioms are a specific kind of idiom, composed of a particular kind of 
structure. Finally, formulaic expressions are crystalized linguistic forms. 
Therefore, only I is true. 
 
 
5a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
The notion of scope relation is closely linked with the idea of semantic scope, 
that is the zone of reach within which a certain element has semantic 
influence. 
Bearing this idea in mind, assess the following statements and the relationship 
between them: 
I. Scope relations are also intimate to the idea of ambiguity. 
BECAUSE 
II. Both presume the existence of more than one possible reading to a certain 
utterance. 
 
 
I and II are incorrect. 
 
Only I is correct. 
 
I and II are correct and, II correctly justifies I. 
 
Only II is correct. 
 
I and II are correct but II does not justify I. 
Respondido em 07/07/2023 11:58:24 
 
Explicação: 
Semantic scope is the semantic zone of reach of a certain element while 
ambiguity is closely related to scope relation due to the fact both notions 
presume the existence of multiple readings within the same utterance. 
 
 
6a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
Pragmatic ambiguity occurs when the context in which a sentence is uttered 
changes its literal meaning, granting it another sense. Based on this definition, 
read the sentences below and mark the one that presents a case of pragmatic 
ambiguity: 
 
 
Ten of my students have flunked my course 6 times. 
 
No one comes here and doesn't eat my pies. 
 
Can you close the door? 
 
This sandwich is so yummy. 
 
Triangles are geometrical figures with lots of applications. 
Respondido em 07/07/2023 11:52:40 
 
Explicação: 
The only example in which the literal meaning of the sentence is altered by 
the influence of contextual factors is Can you close the door?. Mostly when 
this type of construction is produced, the meaning aimed by the speaker is 
not the literal meaning of the sentence (asking a question), but a contextually 
meaningful variation of it: asking politely someone to do something for you. 
 
 
7a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
Read the excerpt below: 
"An American or British person might be looking their client in the eye to 
show that they are paying full attention to what is being said, but if that client 
is from Japan or Korea, they might find the direct eye contact awkward or 
even disrespectful. In parts of South America and Africa, prolonged eye 
contact could also be seen as challenging authority. In the Middle East, eye 
contact across genders is considered inappropriate, although eye contact within 
a gender could signify honesty and truthfulness. 
Having an increased awareness of the possible differences in expectations and 
behaviour can help us avoid cases of miscommunication, but it is vital that we 
also remember that cultural stereotypes can be detrimental to building good 
business relationships. Although national cultures could play a part in shaping 
the way we behave and think, we are also largely influenced by the region we 
come from, the communities we associate with, our age and gender, our 
corporate culture and our individual experiences of the world. The knowledge 
of the potential differences should therefore be something we keep at the back 
of our minds, rather than something that we use to pigeonhole the individuals 
of an entire nation." 
Retrieved from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-
reading/cultural-behaviour-in-business. 
There are two major types of sentences: dynamic and stative. Dynamic 
sentences may be further divided into three categories: active, processive and 
active-processive. The sentence "cultural stereotypes can be detrimental to 
building good business relationships" is: 
 
 
dynamic. 
 
processive. 
 
stative. 
 
active. 
 
active-processive. 
Respondido em 07/07/2023 11:53:14 
 
Explicação: 
In this sentence, the subject "cultural stereotypes" is in a specific state. 
Moreover, it is constructed by a state verb (be), which means that it is a 
stative sentence. Stative sentences are constructed by less dynamic verbs, or 
state verbs, which do not imply actions or events. In this type of sentence, 
the subject is in a state or condition, which is specified by the state verb. 
 
 
8a 
 QuestãoAcerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
Read the excerpt below: 
"When you picture mountain climbers scaling Mount Everest, what probably 
comes to mind are teams of climbers with Sherpa guides leading them to the 
summit, equipped with oxygen masks, supplies and tents. And in most cases 
you'd be right, as 97 per cent of climbers use oxygen to ascend to Everest's 
summit at 8,850 metres above sea level. The thin air at high altitudes makes 
most people breathless at 3,500 metres, and the vast majority of climbers use 
oxygen past 7,000 metres. A typical climbing group will have 8-15 people in 
it, with an almost equal number of guides, and they'll spend weeks to get to the 
top after reaching Base Camp. But ultra-distance and mountain runner Kilian 
Jornet Burgada ascended the mountain in May 2017 alone, without an oxygen 
mask or fixed ropes for climbing. Oh, and he did it in 26 hours. With food 
poisoning. And then, five days later, he did it again, this time in only 17 
hours." 
Retrieved from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-
reading/a-biography-of-kilian-jornet. 
A sentence is composed of two elements: a subject and a predicate. Bearing 
this in mind, what is the subject in the sentence "But ultra-distance and 
mountain runner Kilian Jornet Burgada ascended the mountain in May 2017 
alone, without an oxygen mask or fixed ropes for climbing"? 
 
 
Ascended. 
 
Ultra-distance. 
 
Ultra-distance and mountain runner Kilian Jornet Burgada. 
 
Ultra-distance and mountain runner. 
 
The mountain. 
Respondido em 07/07/2023 11:53:32 
 
Explicação: 
An easy way to identify the subject of a sentence is through asking the verb 
"who/what did/made/is this?". In this case, if we ask the verb "who ascended 
the mountain in May 2017 alone?", the answer is "ultra-distance and 
mountain runner Kilian Jornet Burgada". Therefore, it is the right answer. 
The other options are not appropriate answers for the question. 
 
 
9a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
Phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics all refer to linguistic 
knowledge. Which one of these considers the context of the utterances? 
 
 
Semantics Phonetics. 
 
Syntax. 
 
Linguistic relativity. 
 
Pragmatics. 
 
Cognitivism. 
Respondido em 07/07/2023 11:53:52 
 
Explicação: 
Syntax has to do with the arrangement of utterances; linguistic relativity has 
to do with the many meanings of words; cognitivism has to do with how we 
apprehend the world and mirror it in language; phonetics concerns 
pronunciation and pragmatics is about the context and interactions in which 
utterances are used. 
 
 
10a 
 Questão 
Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
People often say: "after you have learnt one language, it is easier to learn 
another", and that is not wrong. Why is L3 easier to learn than L2? 
 
 
Because L3 is easier. 
 
Because an L3 learner will not try to make transfers as they did when 
they learnt L2. 
 
Because L2 and L3 are different. 
 
Because it is a different language. 
 
Because the EFL learner will choose an easier language to learn. 
Respondido em 07/07/2023 11:55:59 
 
Explicação: 
L3 will be a different language, so that can't be the reason why learning L3 is 
easier; also it will be different from L2, so that can't be the reason, either. 
Learning another language will not be easier due to choice, but because the 
connections the learner used to make when learning L1 will not be made 
when learning L3.