LINGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS SINTATICOS E SEMANTICOS 2 1,8 pontos

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Disc.: LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS SINTÁTICOS E SEMÂNTICOS   
Aluno(a): OLAMILEKAN SAHEED ADEYEMI 202101002903
Acertos: 1,8 de 2,0 12/09/2023
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Read the sentences below regarding the relationship between polysemy and monosemy:
I. Saussure's notion of sign prescribes a binary and multilateral relationship between the Signi�er and the Signi�ed.
II. Polysemy can be de�ned as the existence of multiple meanings within the same lexical item.
III. Monosemy is the existence of only one meaning within the sign in spite of the multiple forms of relationship
between the Signi�ed and the Signi�er.
Choose the option below that presents a correct characterization of the assertions above:
I - true, II - true, III - true.
 I - false, II - true, III - false.
I - false, II - true, III - true.
I - true, II - false, III - false.
I - false, II - false, III - false.
Respondido em 12/09/2023 14:50:20
Explicação:
The notion of sign coined by Saussure prescribes a unitary relationship between the elements that constitute it.
Monosemy, based on this idealistic view of the sign understands that each word is composed of only one meaning and that
the Signi�er and the Signi�ed have a unitary relationship. Polysemy, �nally, is actually the existence of semantic plurality
within the word.
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
The following statements refer to �gurative language, that is to the use of language in which the literal and
conventional meaning of the word/expression is replaced by a non-literal reading. Which statements are true?
I) Idioms are chains of words whose meaning is not the combination of the particular meaning of each part of unity. 
II) Formulaic expressions are a speci�c kind of idioms that are formed in line with a standard type of structure, that
comprises usually a verb followed by its objective. 
III) Sayings are crystalized linguistic forms whose meaning is not a product of spontaneous combination.
 Questão1
a
 Questão2
a
https://simulado.estacio.br/alunos/inicio.asp
javascript:voltar();
Only II is true.
 Only I is true.
II and III are true.
I and II are true.
Only III is true.
Respondido em 12/09/2023 14:51:15
Explicação:
idioms are combinations of words with non-literal meaning while tournure idioms are a speci�c kind of idiom, composed
of a particular kind of structure. Finally, formulaic expressions are crystalized linguistic forms. Therefore, only I is true.
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Read the text bellow:
"In 2020 it became the �rst such game to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the
treatment of ADHD in children.
Currently only available on prescription from doctors in the US, EndeavorRx at �rst glance looks very similar to
countless other games. You control a little alien that races on a spaceship through different worlds having to collect
things.
But the app-based game was developed in conjunction with neuroscientists, and is designed to stimulate and
improve areas of the brain that play a key role in attention function.
The idea is that it trains a child with ADHD to both better multitask and ignore distractions, with a computer
algorithm measuring his or her performance and customising the dif�culty of the game in real time.
When doctors prescribe it, the child's parents get sent an activation link that is needed before the game will play.
Kelcey says she was "a little sceptical", but at the end of 2020 Owain started a three-month programme, playing the
game for 25 minutes a day. He then did another round last year.
"He admitted it was a little harder than he expected," she says. "But he understood that he was doing it to help
improve his focus. He remained super motivated despite the dif�culties and frustrations that came along with it."
After each of Owain's sessions she noted his daily behaviour in the app, and tracked his progress.
Soon she started to see small, positive changes in his behaviour. For example, getting ready for school had become
smoother, and there were no negative messages from teachers.
And after failing �fth grade, Owain subsequently shot up to getting As and Bs for his work.
"It has been amazing to see my son so successful, but more so, seeing him have con�dence in himself," Kelcey says.
"He is no longer upset and confused about why he just does not get it."
Eddie Martucci, chief executive of Akili, the Boston-based tech �rm behind EndeavorRx, says the game has been
designed to boost cognitive progressing."
Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-62060542.
Verbs may establish dynamic or static relations with the other elements that are part of the sentence. Dynamic
sentences may be even further categorized into: active, processive and active-processive. The sentence "In 2020 it
became the �rst such game to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the treatment
of ADHD in children" is:
 Questão3
a
processive.
active.
 stative.
dynamic.
active-processive.
Respondido em 12/09/2023 14:58:17
Explicação:
In this sentence, the subject "it (the game)" is in a speci�c condition. Moreover, it is constructed by a state verb (to
become), which means that it is a stative sentence. Stative sentences are constructed by less dynamic verbs, or state
verbs, which do not imply actions or events. In this type of sentence, the subject is in a state or condition, which is
speci�ed by the state verb.
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Some scholars believe calques are just another name for "loan translation", and there are types of distinct calques
that will also impact the learning of a second or foreign language. Which alternative presents a phraseological
calque?
However, she's not keen on classical music. - Entretanto, ela não gosta de música clássica.
It is very elaborate. - É muito elaborado.
Go ahead. - Vá em frente.
Actually, I'd rather not go. - Na verdade, eu pre�ro não ir.
 As a matter of fact, I do mind. - Como problema de fato, eu faço mente.
Respondido em 12/09/2023 15:20:58
Explicação:
Phraseological calques present a mistake in L2 due to bad in�uence of L1. "She's not keen on classical music"; "Actually, I'd
rather not go"; "It is very elaborate" and "Go ahead" are all translated correctly without a wrong in�uence of L1. "As a
matter of fact, I do mind", however, loses its idiomatic meaning in a word for word translation to Portuguese.  
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
The statements below refer to lexical relations. Read them and choose the correct alternative: 
I. Homographs are groups of words that have the same pronunciation or the same writing but have different
meanings. 
II. This semantic category of words is called homophony, when the words share the same spoken sounding or
homography, when they share the same spelling.
III. This semantic category of words is called homonymy, when the words share the same spoken sounding or
homophony, when they share the same spelling.
IV. Homonyms are groups of words that have the same pronunciation or the same writing but have different
meanings. 
Statements I and II are correct.
 Statements II and IV are correct.
Statements II and III are correct.
 Questão4
a
 Questão5
a
Statements I, II and III are correct.
Statements III and IV are correct.
Respondido em 12/09/2023 14:55:03
Explicação:
Homonyms are groups of words with the same pronunciation/spelling but different meanings. The homonyms can be
either homophones (same sounding) or homographs (same writing).
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Scope relations are types of semantic relationships in which the understanding of a certain element within a
sentence depends on the interpretation of another. Based on this de�nition, read the options below and mark the
one that presents a correct example of scope relation:
To live is to die.
My sister, my mother and I were informed of the theft of our car.
Fair is foul and foul is fair.
 The six guys in that table drank more than ten margaritas.Eleven of my students didn't come to class today due to the bad weather.
Respondido em 12/09/2023 14:43:33
Explicação:
The only option in which the correct interpretation of one element depends on the interpretation of another is 'the six
guys in that table drank more than ten margaritas' since the interpretation of how many margaritas each guy drank
depends on the way we understand the meaning of the quanti�er 'ten'. Quanti�ers, negation, generalizers as well as
modals may establish scope relations.
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Read the excerpt bellow:
"A new study published in the journal Science shows de�nitive evidence of organic matter on the surface of Mars.
The data was collected by NASA's nuclear-powered rover Curiosity. It con�rms earlier �ndings that the Red Planet
once contained carbon-based compounds. These compounds - also called organic molecules - are essential
ingredients for life as scientists understand it.
The organic molecules were found in Mars's Gale Crater, a large area that may have been a watery lake over three
billion years ago. The rover encountered traces of the molecule in rocks extracted from the area. The rocks also
contain sulfur, which scientists speculate helped preserve the organics even when the rocks were exposed to the
harsh radiation on the surface of the planet.
Scientists are quick to state that the presence of these organic molecules is not suf�cient evidence for ancient life
on Mars, as the molecules could have been formed by non-living processes. But it's still one of the most astonishing
discoveries, which could lead to future revelations. Especially when one considers the other startling �nd that
Curiosity uncovered around �ve years ago."
Retrieved from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/life-on-mars.
 Questão6
a
 Questão7
a
The semantic nature of the subject is related to the verb concerning its dynamic or nondynamic feature. The subject
of the sentence "The data was collected by NASA's nuclear-powered rover Curiosity" presents the following
features:
[+passiveness]/[+activity].
[+volition]/[+activity].
[-passiveness]/[+volition].
[-passiveness]/[+activity].
 [+passiveness]/[-volition].
Respondido em 12/09/2023 14:45:18
Explicação:
The subject "The data" presents the features [+passiveness], which means that it is a patient, it suffers the action; [-
volition], which implies non-intentionality; and [-activity], which means that it does not practices anything.
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
The idea of trace may be best grasped by the Empty Category Principle (ECP). What is the best de�nition of trace?
It is a trace of words defended by Cognitive Linguistics.
It is a concept that explains all contractions.
It is a mark words leave when you translate them from L2 to L1.
 It is a null concept that leaves a trace, even when using question words and changing places of words.
It is a trace left by a noun.
Respondido em 12/09/2023 15:04:59
Explicação:
It is considered an empty concept that leaves its mark even when we change the order of words, whether it is in a question
or in a contraction (especially "want" and "to"). It is not a mark left by only a noun, it can be other aspects of the language;
it is not used in all contractions; it is not defended by Cognitive Linguistics, but by Gerativism; it has no connection with
the translation from L2 to L1.
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Collocations can be divided into strong, weak and �xed collocations. Each of them represents a different type of
combination among words. Bearing it in mind, choose the option underlined below that presents a correct example
of strong collocations.
Since you have been gone, my days are all black clouds and silver linings.
I am expecting my girlfriend to arrive so we can go out together.
 Considering that there was nothing else to be done, he just shrugged his shoulders.
My mother bought some greens and vegetables for our dinner tonight.
Old people always say: better late than never.
Respondido em 12/09/2023 14:46:43
 Questão8
a
 Questão9
a
Explicação:
Strong collocations mark combinations of words that are likely to occur, but are not �xed expressions, like idioms. The
sentence that presents an example of strong collocations is in "Considering that there was nothing else to be done, he just
shrugged his shoulders".
Acerto: 0,0  / 0,2
Considering paraphrase as the sameness of meaning between two linguistically diverse utterances, read the
sentence below:
The teacher: you should study more, otherwise your grades will continue low.
Which of the options below presents a proper paraphrase of the highlighted sentence?
 My teacher told me to study more or I won't be able to improve my grades.
My teacher told me to stop playing around and improve my grades.
 My teacher told me to study and improve my grades.
Study more and improve your grades.
My teacher told me to stop studying.
Respondido em 12/09/2023 15:34:13
Explicação:
First of all, it is necessary to tackle the meaning of the word "otherwise", which is a conjunction used to show what the
result(s) will be if you do not follow a certain suggestion. The only option that conveys this idea is "my teacher told me to
study more or I won't be able to improve my grades." The other alternatives change the meaning conveyed by the original
sentence, either because they do not incorporate the meaning of 'otherwise' or because they change the teacher's
recommendation altogether.
 Questão10
a