LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS SINTÁTICOS E SEMÂNTICOS simulado 1

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Disc.: LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS SINTÁTICOS E SEMÂNTICOS   
Aluno(a): FERNANDA DE OLIVEIRA VIANA MACHADO 202001150481
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Considering natural languages' tendency towards polysemy, many are the semantic processes that contribute to
make languages progressively more polysemic. Read the statements below and choose the correct alternative: 
I. One of those processes is specialization, which consists in the incrementation of one word's meaning through
its use in a more specialized and technical environment.
II. Another important process is the in�uence of foreign languages, which occurs when imported foreign words
in�uence domestic lexical items.
III. Finally, when a word has its meaning incremented by some speci�c metaphorical use, this phenomenon is
called rami�cation.
Statements I, II and III are correct.
Only statement II is correct.
Statements I and II are correct.
 Statements I and III are correct.
Statements II and III are correct.
Respondido em 30/09/2023 20:45:50
Explicação:
The employment of a word in a specialized environment that results in a gain in meaning is called specialization. The
in�uence of foreign languages also increments semantically the words of a language while the connotative and
metaphorical use is another process of semantic expansion of the words. 
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Read the de�nition below:
This type of ambiguity that occurs when the link among the elements within a sentence is not clear, establishing
multiple possibilities of reading for the sentence.
Which of the different types of ambiguity is described in the de�nition above?
Pragmatic Ambiguity.
Semantic Ambiguity.
Syntactic ambiguity.
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 Questão2
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 Scope ambiguity.
Lexical ambiguity.
Respondido em 30/09/2023 20:46:21
Explicação:
The type of ambiguity caused by the confusing interplay of the constitutive elements of a sentence is known as
syntactic ambiguity. This type of ambiguity occurs in utterances formed by complex and somehow ill-composed
syntactic structures. In sentences constructed by many phrases and syntactic elements, the link among those items
can become confusing, creating a sense of ambiguity within the message.
Acerto: 0,0  / 0,2
Read the text bellow:
"In 2020 it became the �rst such game to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in
the treatment of ADHD in children.
Currently only available on prescription from doctors in the US, EndeavorRx at �rst glance looks very similar to
countless other games. You control a little alien that races on a spaceship through different worlds having to
collect things.
But the app-based game was developed in conjunction with neuroscientists, and is designed to stimulate and
improve areas of the brain that play a key role in attention function.
The idea is that it trains a child with ADHD to both better multitask and ignore distractions, with a computer
algorithm measuring his or her performance and customising the dif�culty of the game in real time.
When doctors prescribe it, the child's parents get sent an activation link that is needed before the game will
play.
Kelcey says she was "a little sceptical", but at the end of 2020 Owain started a three-month programme, playing
the game for 25 minutes a day. He then did another round last year.
"He admitted it was a little harder than he expected," she says. "But he understood that he was doing it to help
improve his focus. He remained super motivated despite the dif�culties and frustrations that came along with
it."
After each of Owain's sessions she noted his daily behaviour in the app, and tracked his progress.
Soon she started to see small, positive changes in his behaviour. For example, getting ready for school had
become smoother, and there were no negative messages from teachers.
And after failing �fth grade, Owain subsequently shot up to getting As and Bs for his work.
"It has been amazing to see my son so successful, but more so, seeing him have con�dence in himself," Kelcey
says. "He is no longer upset and confused about why he just does not get it."
Eddie Martucci, chief executive of Akili, the Boston-based tech �rm behind EndeavorRx, says the game has been
designed to boost cognitive progressing."
Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-62060542.
Verbs may establish dynamic or static relations with the other elements that are part of the sentence. Bearing
this in mind, choose the sentence that is [-dynamic]:
"You control a little alien that races on a spaceship".
"When doctors prescribe it".
 "It trains a child with ADHD to both better multitask and ignore distractions".
"At the end of 2020 Owain started a three-month programme".
 "And there were no negative messages from teachers".
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Respondido em 30/09/2023 20:39:29
Explicação:
The feature of dynamicity implies that the verbs are related to happenings, events, movement, actions, etc. The verbs
to control, to train, to prescribe and to start are of this type. However, the verbal form "there is" is related to states,
which means that it is the only [-dynamic] verb.
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Calques are, in a way, transfers. Choose the option that presents a syntactic calques.
Let's take the bus.
Brussel sprouts.
Actually, I don't want to go.
 Coconut little candy.
I missed the plane.
Respondido em 30/09/2023 20:50:29
Explicação:
"Brussel sprouts" is the correct word for "couve de bruxelas"; "Actually, I don't want to go" is used correctly, meaning
"Na verdade, não quero ir"; "Let's take the bus" means "Vamos pegar o ônibus", and the verb used is correct; "I missed
the plane" is correct for "Eu perdi o avião" using the correct verb. However, "coconut little candy" is the de�nition of a
kind of candy that does not exist in the English language but is poorly translated. And the original would probably be
"Docinho de côco".
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Prosody plays a role in the construction of meaning in the utterances. Bearing this in mind, assess the following
statements:
I. The way people pronounce their utterances expresses attitudinal values (positive or negative) that go beyond
the original meaning of the word.
BECAUSE
II. Semantic prosody can be understood as the meaning conveyed by the melody of language speaking that is
integrated to the meaning of word/lexical item.
 Options I and II are correct, but II is not a correct justi�cation for I.
Option I is correct, but option II is not correct. Therefore, II is not a correct justi�cation for I.
Options I and II are not correct.
Option I is not correct, but option II is correct. Therefore, II is not a correct justi�cation for I.
Options I and II are correct propositions and II is a correct justi�cation for I.
Respondido em 30/09/2023 20:49:20
Explicação:
The way people pronounce their utterances does express value and semantic prosody is actually the meaning that is
integrated to the meaning of the word by pronunciation features. However, this second assertion is not a justi�cation
for the �rst one. They describe concurring properties of semantic prosody, not performing any type of causality.
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Paraphrases play a variety of roles in discourse, being used in many situations to perform speci�c interactional
functions. Bearing it in mind, read the passage below:
When the teacher said that our identity is socially constructed within the rules established by society andthe
dominant culture, he meant to say that we cannot decide by ourselves who we want to be.
What is the function being performed by the paraphrase in the highlighted passage?
Synthesizing for solving ambiguity.
Abstraction increasing.
Ownership recognition.
 Didactic synthesizing.
Synthesizing for more abstraction.
Respondido em 30/09/2023 20:39:38
Explicação:
The passage presents a paraphrase used in order to make a certain idea more synthetic and didactic. The student is
basically translating the teacher's ideas into simpler and more concise terms so that the other students are able to
grasp the ideas discussed.
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Read the excerpt bellow:
"Before Abe returned to power in 2012, Japan had just suffered its biggest trauma since World War Two - a
massive earthquake, tsunami and nuclear meltdown at Fukushima.
The governing coalition was in chaos. The Japanese economy had still not recovered from its 1992 stock market
collapse, and over the previous two decades, Japan had seen 14 prime ministers come and go. One of them
lasted just 64 days.
Abe swept back into of�ce with a real sense of energy, and most importantly, an economic plan that he
conveniently dubbed "Abenomics".
He declared "Japan is back". He announced a "big bazooka" of cash that would �ood the �nancial markets with
liquidity and force prices upwards even as interest rates were dropped below zero.
As prices rose, and with nowhere to put their cash, people were compelled to spend, creating growth, and
pushing up wages."
Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62119498.
According to their semantic functions, a subject may perform the roles of agent, patient, experiencer,
instrumental, causative, objective and even locative. The subject in the sentence "The governing coalition was in
chaos" plays the role of:
instrumental.
causative.
 patient.
agent.
locative.
Respondido em 30/09/2023 20:51:25
 Questão6
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Explicação:
The subject "The govern coalition" suffers the action of being in chaos. It does not do anything. Therefore, it is in the
position of a patient. It is the subject of a process or state verb. Its features are [-cause], [-volition], [-manipulation], [-
activity] and [+passiveness].
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
The same word can have different meanings, since words have conceptual, connotative, collocative, affective,
stylistic and other meanings. Choose the alternative that contains a connotative meaning (dictated by age):
He's such a moron.
Make my day.
Keep it real.
 Do you dig it?
He was trying to holler at me.
Respondido em 30/09/2023 20:52:29
Explicação:
Considering "Make my day" (which is a line that became famous from an old Western movie said by Clint Eastwood
and meaning "make my day worth it"); "keep it real", which means do not daydream; "He's such a moron", which mean
"he's so stupid"; "He was trying to holler at me", which means "He was trying to yell to get my attention" and "Do you
dig it?", which means "Do you like it?", this last one is the one that uses "old" vocabulary. It's old slang, therefore, it
conveys the age of the speaker.
Acerto: 0,0  / 0,2
The statements below refer to lexical relations. Read them and choose the correct alternative: 
I. Homographs are groups of words that have the same pronunciation or the same writing but have different
meanings. 
II. This semantic category of words is called homophony, when the words share the same spoken sounding or
homography, when they share the same spelling.
III. This semantic category of words is called homonymy, when the words share the same spoken sounding or
homophony, when they share the same spelling.
IV. Homonyms are groups of words that have the same pronunciation or the same writing but have different
meanings. 
Statements II and III are correct.
 Statements I and II are correct.
Statements III and IV are correct.
Statements I, II and III are correct.
 Statements II and IV are correct.
Respondido em 30/09/2023 20:39:44
Explicação:
Homonyms are groups of words with the same pronunciation/spelling but different meanings. The homonyms can be
either homophones (same sounding) or homographs (same writing).
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Modal scope relations occur when the interpretation of the meaning of the sentence relies on the
understanding of the scope of the modal element. Bearing this de�nition in mind, read the sentences below and
mark the one that represents a modal scope relation.
Your bad deeds may haunt you in the future. 
You must study seriously, or you will fail in this semester's �nals.
She may panic after �nding out what happened to her sister.
According to the weather forecast, tomorrow may be one of the hottest days of the year.
 After realizing the truth, you can cry or �ght.
Respondido em 30/09/2023 20:53:24
Explicação:
The only option that presents a modal scope relation in which there is unclarity regarding the meaning of the sentence
due to multiple possible readings of the scope of the modal verb is "After realizing the truth, you can cry or �ght".
Different interpretations of the sentence are possible depending on whether we see the modal 'can' modifying the
following elements in an alternative way or in an integrative, generalized way.
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