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Disc.: LÍNGUA INGLESA RELAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS   
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Participles present multiple uses in the English language. For instance, they can take part in Perfect and
Progressive verb tenses. Another important use has to do with simplifying more complex sentence structures.
Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
"Standing in the queue, I realized I had forgotten my wallet at home."
The participle form in the sentence is used to simplify:
 An adverbial clause of time
 An adverbial clause of manner
A restrictive adjective clause
A non-restrictive adjective clause
An adverbial clause of condition
Respondido em 01/10/2023 09:35:21
Explicação:
Answer key: An adverbial clause of time
Feedback:
The participle form in this example is used to simplify an adverbial clause of time. It replaces the following structure:
"While I was standing in the queue, ...". Since the sentence conveys an adverbial meaning it cannot refer to an adjective
clause. Additionally, it refers to "when" an action took place, which means that "condition" and "manner" are not being
expressed by the sentence.
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Consider the following passage from The Pit and The Pendulum:
 
''The agony of suspense grew at length intolerable, and I cautiously moved forward, with my arms extended, and
my eyes straining from their sockets, in the hope of catching some faint ray of light.''
 
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Source: https://poestories.com/read/pit
 
 
What is the function of the Gerund Clause highlighted in the passage above?
Subject complement
Subject
 Prepositional complement
Indirect object
Direct object
Respondido em 01/10/2023 10:43:29
Explicação:
Prepositional complement (ANSWER) - it refers to using a gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition
so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized. It is what happens in the
example above.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive verbs.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as a subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
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A to-in�nitive clause may play the role of subject, object, adjunct and even object complement. Choose the
option in which the in�nitive clause plays the role of object complement:
 Sir William's interruption has made me forget everything.
She wanted to persuade herself.
 He was coming to us in order to assure us of his concern.
To imitate his politeness, she admired the beauty of the place.
He has pledged to assist Mr. Wickham with money.
Respondido em 01/10/2023 10:24:11
Explicação:
All the alternatives above were adapted from the novel Pride and Prejudice.
AUSTEN, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Available at: The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane
Austen. Accessed Oct 12th, 2021
 
To imitate his politeness, she admired the beauty of the place and He was coming to us in order to assure us of his
concern contain examples in which the to-in�nitive clauses function as circumstantial adjuncts, they provide us with
the reason why. In He has pledged to assist Mr. Wickham with money and She wanted to persuade herself, they
complete the main verb, playing the role of objects. At last, in Sir William's interruption has made me forget
everything, the bare-in�nitive clause operates as an object complement, since "forget everything" is connected to the
object "me".
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Relative clauses are dependent clauses that work as postmodi�ers inside noun phrases and are introduced by
relative pronouns. Bearing this in mind, choose the option that highlights a grammatically correct example of a
relative clause.
Every day, I wake up at seven o'clock and go straight to the gym to work out.
Because of his magni�cent talent, Mozart was sponsored by rich men back in his days.
 Despite his problematic attitude, he is the only employee that actually performs his job correctly.
Considering our monthly costs, we will have to move to a cheaper warehouse.
Studying Grammar and listening to real conversation were the strategies she used to become �uent in
German.
Respondido em 01/10/2023 11:02:35
Explicação:
Answer: Despite his problematic attitude, he is the only employee that actually performs his job correctly.
Feedback: Relative clauses are part of the noun phrase and give extra information about the modi�ed noun. They are
preceded by a relative pronoun that plays the role of subject in the clause. The example of relative clause in the
options above is that actually performs his job correctly. Therefore, "Despite his problematic attitude, he is the only
employee that actually performs his job correctly" is correct. The other options present examples of adverbial clauses,
coordinate clauses and nominal clauses.
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In�nitives may perform different syntactic roles: subject, noun complement, direct object, to name just a few.
Read the sentence below and choose the option that correctly identi�es the syntactic function performed by
the in�nitive:
"My main objective is to �nish university as soon as possible..."
 noun complement
 subject complement
subject
prepositional complement
direct object
Respondido em 01/10/2023 10:50:42
Explicação:
Answer key: subject complement
Feedback:
Subject complement (ANSWER) - An in�nitive functions as subject complement when it is placed after a linking verb,
which is the case in question.
Subject - When an in�nitive structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, an in�nitive structure must be located after a transitive verb,
which is not the case of the main verb of the sentence (= it is a linking verb)
Prepositional complement - it refers to using an in�nitive structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that
the sentence does not become agrammatical.
Noun complement - it deals with using an in�nitive form right after a noun to provide more details on it.
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Gerund clauses possess the common syntactic functions of nouns. It means they can be used as subjects, direct
objects, indirect objects, and so on. Bearing this piece of information in mind, consider the following sentence:
 
"Running �ve kilometers at a good pace requires technique and strength."
 
A gerund form in the sentence above was used as:
Indirect object
 Subject
Direct object
Part of an idiomatic expression
Subject complement
Respondido em 01/10/2023 10:16:34
Explicação:
Subject (ANSWER) - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of
the sentence
Part of an idiomatic expression - The structure GO + GERUND is a typical idiomatic expression used to refer
to someone¿s (recreational) activity.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structuremust be located after a transitive verb.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking
verb.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive
verbs.
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Think is a verb that, like understand and realize, describe a mental process. Mark the alternative in which there
is a main verb implying a mental process followed by a to-in�nitive introduced by a wh-word.
He hoped to procure some respectable employment in a merchant's house.
 I had obtained that �re through accident and knew not how to reproduce it.
Those men wished to ask him a thousand questions.
At �rst, I perceived that he tried to suppress his emotion.
We attempted to carry him into the cabin.
Respondido em 01/10/2023 10:43:51
Explicação:
The only verb above which entails a cognitive process is "knew". Besides, it is followed by a to-in�nitive clause
introduced by "how". Other possible verbs would be:
assume
perceive
prove
show
think
understand
Therefore, the correct answer is: I had obtained that �re through accident and knew not how to reproduce it.
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RPCs are commonly employed in academic discourse due to their power to make the texts more persuasive
through nominalization. In which of the clauses in bold, the verb of the clause appears in its participle
(nominalized) form?
Whenever Jessica understands the power she has, she becomes a good manager.
 The results achieved were overall good considered the economic context of our country.
Because she has been unable to work since January, her family is going through dif�cult times.
Although she lied to me several times, I still choose to stay with her.
If you make your investment more constant, you will tend to have better earnings with your money.
Respondido em 01/10/2023 11:03:11
Explicação:
Answer: The results achieved were overall good considered the economic context of our country.
Feedback: Nominalizing sentences through turning subordinate clauses into reduced ones is done through the
deletion of the subject of the subordinate clause and the be verb and the transformation of the tense verb in a
participle form. Thus the only option which presents such a case is "The results achieved were overall good
considered the economic context of our country".
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Gerunds can be used to perform a variety of syntactic functions. Moreover, gerunds can be used after certain
verbs to create more complex sentences. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
"Brazilian citizens are tired of dealing with corruption."
The gerund form in the sentence above functions as:
direct object
 prepositional complement
indirect object
subject complement
subject
Respondido em 01/10/2023 10:41:48
Explicação:
Answer key: prepositional complement
Feedback:
Prepositional complement (ANSWER) - it refers to using gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition
so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized. It is what happens in the
example above.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive verbs.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
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Gerund Clauses can be present in a variety of texts. Bearing this piece of information in mind, consider the
following passage from The Catcher in the Rye:
 
"If you really want to hear about it, the �rst thing you'll probably want to know is where I was born, and what my
lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David
Copper�eld stuff, but I don't feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth."
 
Source: http://www.uzickagimnazija.edu.rs/�les/Catcher%20in%20the%20Rye.pdf     
 
What is the function of the Gerund Clause highlighted in the passage above?
 
Subject complement
Prepositional complement
 Direct object
Subject
Indirect object
Respondido em 01/10/2023 10:56:15
Explicação:
Direct object (ANSWER) - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a
transitive verb or verbal expression (i.e. feel like), which is the case in question.
Prepositional complement - it refers to using gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so
that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive
verbs.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking
verb.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
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