Língua Inglesa Relações Discursivas - Simulado 1

Prévia do material em texto

1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Infinitives may perform different syntactic roles: subject, noun complement, direct object, to name just a few. Read the sentence below and choose the option that correctly identifies the syntactic function performed by the infinitive:
"My main objective is to finish university as soon as possible..."
		
	 
	subject complement
	
	subject
	
	direct object
	
	noun complement
	 
	prepositional complement
	Respondido em 06/06/2023 21:33:32
	
	Explicação:
Answer key: subject complement
Feedback:
Subject complement (ANSWER) - An infinitive functions as subject complement when it is placed after a linking verb, which is the case in question.
Subject - When an infinitive structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, an infinitive structure must be located after a transitive verb, which is not the case of the main verb of the sentence (= it is a linking verb)
Prepositional complement - it refers to using an infinitive structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that the sentence does not become agrammatical.
Noun complement - it deals with using an infinitive form right after a noun to provide more details on it.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Verbals, non-finite forms present in the English language, can be used to perform a variety of syntactic functions depending on the type of transitivity a sentence presents, as well as other factors. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
"The candidates had no option but to respect society's demands."
The infinitive form in the sentence above functions as:
		
	
	subject complement
	
	direct object
	 
	noun complement
	 
	prepositional complement
	
	subject
	Respondido em 06/06/2023 21:36:10
	
	Explicação:
Answer key: prepositional complement
Feedback:
Prepositional complement (ANSWER) - it refers to using an infinitive structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized. In the case above, the word but is synonymous with except. Hence, it functions as a preposition and the infinitive structure is used right after it to fulfil its meaning.
Subject complement - An infinitive functions as subject complement when it is placed after a linking verb, which is not the case in question.
Subject - When an infinitive structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, an infinitive structure must be located after a transitive verb, which is not the case, since the infinitive form is located after a preposition.
Noun complement - it deals with using an infinitive form right after a noun to provide more details on it.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Participles are structured into two forms: present and past. These special classes of non-finite forms present multiple uses in the English language. They are part of Perfect and Progressive verb tenses, are included in Passive sentences, and can also be exploited to simplify more complex sentence structures. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
"Used carefully, the Internet can provide us with up-to-date information on a variety of topics."
The participle form in the sentence is used to:
		
	
	refer to a perfect verb tense
	
	devise a progressive verb tense
	 
	simplify an adverbial clause
	
	form a passive structure
	 
	simplify an adjective clause
	Respondido em 06/06/2023 21:35:19
	
	Explicação:
Answer key: simplify an adverbial clause
Feedback:
The participle form in this case is used to simplify an adverbial clause of condition: "If it is used carefully, ...". Since the sentence in question refers to a conditional meaning, it cannot be a reduced adjective clause. Also, the sentence is in the active voice, which means that the highlighted participle is not part of a passive structure. Finally, the verb tense is neither perfect nor progressive.
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Gerunds are a special class of non-finite structures, which can be used after certain verbs to create more complex sentences. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
 
"The American Government are interested in investing in Brazil."
 
The gerund form in the sentence above functions as:
		
	 
	Prepositional complement
	
	Subject
	
	Direct object
	
	Subject complement
	
	Indirect object
	Respondido em 26/04/2023 21:56:47
	
	Explicação:
· Prepositional complement (ANSWER) - it refers to using a gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized. It is what happens in the example above.
· Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the first object of ditransitive verbs.
· Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
· Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
· Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Gerund clauses represent a specific type of subordinate clause whose structure is based on a non-finite form. Moreover, depending on the type of verbal transitivity employed in the main clause, the Gerund Clause will have specific syntactic functions. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
 
"People in general prefer not talking about politics in social occasions."
 
The gerund form in the sentence above functions as:
		
	 
	Direct object
	
	Subject
	
	Prepositional complement
	 
	Subject complement
	
	Indirect object
	Respondido em 06/06/2023 21:35:33
	
	Explicação:
· Direct object (ANSWER) - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb, which is the case of the verb prefer: it requires a direct object so that its meaning is not jeopardized.
· Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
· Prepositional complement - it refers to using gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized.
· Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the first object of ditransitive verbs.
· Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Gerund clauses possess the common syntactic functions of nouns. It means they can be used as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, and so on. Bearing this piece of information in mind, consider the following sentence:
 
 
'' Running five kilometers at a good pace requires technique and strength.''
 
 
A gerund form in the sentence above was used as:
		
	 
	Part of an idiomatic expression
	
	Subject complement
	
	Direct object
	
	Indirect object
	 
	Subject
	Respondido em 06/06/2023 21:35:35
	
	Explicação:
Subject (ANSWER) - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence
Part of an idiomatic expression - The structure GO + GERUND is a typical idiomatic expression used to refer to someone¿s (recreational) activity.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the first object of ditransitive verbs.
	
		7aQuestão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Non-finite to-infinitive clauses are always dependent, they, therefore, either complete or add information to the main clause. Mark the only option in which the to-infinitive clause is not the object of the main verb:
		
	 
	To imitate his politeness, she admired the beauty of the place.
	 
	He meant to make enquiries at Clapham.
	
	She often tried to provoke Darcy.
	
	He has pledged to assist Mr. Wickham with money.
	
	She wanted to persuade herself.
	Respondido em 06/06/2023 21:35:42
	
	Explicação:
The to-infinitive clause in To imitate his politeness, she admired the beauty of the place plays the role of circumstantial adjunct, affirming the purpose of the action described by the main verb. . In He has pledged to assist Mr. Wickham with money,  She wanted to persuade herself, He meant to make enquiries at Clapham and She often tried to provoke Darcy they complete the main verb, playing the role of objects.
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Think is a verb that, like understand and realize, describe a mental process. Mark the alternative in which there is a main verb implying a mental process followed by a to-infinitive introduced by a wh-word.
		
	
	Those men wished to ask him a thousand questions.
	
	He hoped to procure some respectable employment in a merchant's house.
	
	At first, I perceived that he tried to suppress his emotion.
	
	We attempted to carry him into the cabin.
	 
	I had obtained that fire through accident and knew not how to reproduce it.
	Respondido em 06/06/2023 21:35:47
	
	Explicação:
The only verb above which entails a cognitive process is "knew". Besides, it is followed by a to-infinitive clause introduced by "how". Other possible verbs would be:
· assume
· perceive
· prove
· show
· think
· understand
Therefore, the correct answer is: I had obtained that fire through accident and knew not how to reproduce it.
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The process of transforming full adverbial clauses into RPCs includes the exchange of the main verb for a participle form, the deletion of the subject and the be verb and, sometimes, even the omission of the subordinator. Look at the sentences below and choose the option that shows a clause that was correctly reduced to a participle form.
		
	
	If she wanted to be taken seriously, she should be behaving like a serious person.
	
	While my neighbors were partying, I was struggling with the loud noise they were making.
	 
	Whispering some words to himself, he left the building to never come back.
	
	Although tries to convince everyone about the solidity of the project, nobody was actually buying it.
	
	Studying while a lot, my son was not able to pass in the selection to the university he applied to.
	Respondido em 06/06/2023 21:35:48
	
	Explicação:
Answer: Whispering some words to himself, he left the building to never come back.
Feedback: Options "While my neighbors were partying, I was struggling with the loud noise they were making" and  "If she wanted to be taken seriously, she should be behaving like a serious person" present unreduced adverbial clauses while "Studying while a lot, my son was not able to pass in the selection to the university he applied to" and "Although tries to convince everyone about the solidity of the project, nobody was actually buying it" present reduced but ungrammatical clauses. Therefore, the correct answer is "Whispering some words to himself, he left the building to never come back".
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	RPCs are shortened versions of full subordinate clauses. They vary according to the type of participle used to replace the verb tense of the unreduced clause. Regarding the different types of RPCs, read the statements below:
I - Reduced present participle clauses have participle forms ending in -ing, that convey an active meaning in the clause.
II - Reduced past participle clauses can have three types of structure: basic, progressive and perfective.
III - Reduced present participle clauses in their perfective form are introduced by the auxiliary have.
What is the option that presents the correct judgement about the statements above?
		
	
	I - true, II - true, III - false.
	 
	I - true, II - true, III - true.
	 
	I - false, II - true, III - true.
	
	I - true, II - false, III - true.
	
	I - false, II - false, III - true.
	Respondido em 06/06/2023 21:35:49
	
	Explicação:
Answer: I - true, II - true, III - true.
Feedback: It is true that reduced present participle clauses convey an active meaning and are formed using a participle form that ends in -ing as well as it is true that, in their perfective form, they are preceded by an auxiliary verb: have. Finally, it is also true that reduced past participle clauses have three types of form: basic, progressive and perfective.