<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/0954915e-1eca-4e8a-a015-b2822d4041e3/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0">\u2022<span class="ff2 fc1 ls1 ws1">Conhecer a educação no período colonial desde o modelo educacional jesuíta até às </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff2 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">aulas régias criadas por Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, secretário do rei D. José I.</div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3 ff3 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls2 ws1">Educação no Brasil colonial: dos </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y4 ff3 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls2 ws1">jesuítas às aulas régias</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y5 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Cristiane Rodrigues de Oliveira e Carolina Chaves Ferro</div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y6 ff5 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls3">Introdução</div><div class="t m0 x4 h2 y7 ff2 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">A <span class="blank _0"> </span>pedagogia <span class="blank _0"> </span>no <span class="blank _0"> </span>Brasil <span class="blank _0"> </span>passou <span class="blank _0"> </span>por <span class="blank _0"> </span>um <span class="blank _0"> </span>longo <span class="blank _0"> </span>processo <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>transformação <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>sempre <span class="blank _0"> </span>esteve </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y8 ff2 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">atrelada à história <span class="blank _1"> </span>do país. Você <span class="blank _1"> </span>sabia, por exemplo, <span class="blank _1"> </span>que os jesuítas <span class="blank _1"> </span>foram os <span class="blank _1"> </span>responsáveis pelo </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9 ff2 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">ensino <span class="blank _1"> </span>brasileiro <span class="blank _0"> </span>por <span class="blank _0"> </span>quase <span class="blank _1"> </span>200 <span class="blank _0"> </span>anos? <span class="blank _1"> </span>Sabia <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>movimento <span class="blank _0"> </span>iluminista <span class="blank _1"> </span>acabou <span class="blank _0"> </span>influenciando </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ya ff2 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">diversas atividades no Brasil colonial? Acompanhe!</div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 yb ff5 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls3 ws0">O<span class="ff6 ws1">bjetivos de aprendizagem:</span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 yc ff7 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws2">Ao <span class="ws1">\ue7a4nal desta aula, você será capaz de:</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x3 y0 w2 h8" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/0954915e-1eca-4e8a-a015-b2822d4041e3/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x3 h9 yd ff8 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls3">1<span class="ff9 ws4"> </span><span class="ffa ws5"> </span><span class="ffb ws1"> <span class="ffc">A educação na colônia e José de Anchieta</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 ha ye ffd fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Conhecer <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>educação <span class="blank _0"> </span>no <span class="blank _0"> </span>Brasil <span class="blank _0"> </span>colônia <span class="blank _0"> </span>implica <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>apontar <span class="blank _0"> </span>que, <span class="blank _0"> </span>durante <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>maior <span class="blank _0"> </span>parte </div><div class="t m0 x3 ha yf ffd fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">do período colonial (1549-1759), <span class="blank _1"> </span>o ensino esteve nas <span class="blank _1"> </span>mãos dos jesuítas, o <span class="blank _1"> </span>que foi decisivo tanto </div><div class="t m0 x3 ha y10 ffd fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">para <span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>processo <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>colonização <span class="blank _2"> </span>quanto <span class="blank _2"> </span>para <span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>da <span class="blank _2"> </span>organização <span class="blank _2"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>funcionamento <span class="blank _2"> </span>da <span class="blank _2"> </span>colônia. </div><div class="t m0 x3 ha y11 ffd fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">(PILETTI, 2014)</div><div class="t m0 x7 ha y12 ffd fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Os jesuítas, <span class="blank _1"> </span>ao chegarem <span class="blank _1"> </span>em terras <span class="blank _1"> </span>a serem <span class="blank _1"> </span>colonizadas, tinham a <span class="blank _1"> </span>missão de <span class="blank _1"> </span>propagar </div><div class="t m0 x3 ha y13 ffd fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">a <span class="blank"> </span>língua <span class="blank _3"> </span>do <span class="blank"> </span>colonizador <span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>fé <span class="blank _3"> </span>católica. <span class="blank"> </span>Em <span class="blank _3"> </span>outras <span class="blank"> </span>palavras, <span class="blank _3"> </span>converter <span class="blank"> </span>os <span class="blank _3"> </span>nativos <span class="blank"> </span>em <span class="blank _3"> </span>fiéis, </div><div class="t m0 x3 ha y14 ffd fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">educando--os <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>também <span class="blank _0"> </span>servissem <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>mão <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>obra <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>edificação <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>reino <span class="blank _0"> </span>fora <span class="blank _0"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x3 ha y15 ffd fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Europa. (PIETTI, 2014) </div><div class="t m0 x7 ha y16 ffd fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">A <span class="blank"> </span>tarefa <span class="blank"> </span>foi <span class="blank"> </span>trabalhosa, <span class="blank"> </span>mas <span class="blank"> </span>contou <span class="blank"> </span>com <span class="blank"> </span>uma <span class="blank"> </span>importante <span class="blank"> </span>figura: <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank"> </span>padre <span class="blank"> </span>José <span class="blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x3 ha y17 ffd fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Anchieta. Muito <span class="blank _1"> </span>próximo dos <span class="blank _1"> </span>povos originários, ajudou <span class="blank _1"> </span>a implantar <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="sc1">Escola de <span class="blank _6"></span>Primeiras Letras<span class="blank _6"></span><span class="sc0">, </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 ha y18 ffd fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">método <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _7"> </span>combinava <span class="blank _7"> </span>orações <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>ensino <span class="blank _2"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>leitura <span class="blank _2"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _2"> </span>escrita, <span class="blank _7"> </span>simultaneamente. <span class="blank _2"> </span>(PILETTI, </div><div class="t m0 x3 ha y19 ffd fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">2014) </div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y1a ffe fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Anchieta, também teve <span class="blank _1"> </span>a ideia de <span class="blank _1"> </span>usar o <span class="blank _1"> </span>teatro como meio <span class="blank _1"> </span>de educar. O <span class="blank _1"> </span>padre misturava </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y1b ffe fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">mímicas, <span class="blank"> </span>música, <span class="blank _3"> </span>trechos <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>orações <span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>citações <span class="blank _3"> </span>da <span class="blank _3"> </span>Bíblia <span class="blank"> </span>em <span class="blank _3"> </span>suas <span class="blank _3"> </span>peças, <span class="blank"> </span>todas <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>caráter </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y1c ffe fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">moralizador, <span class="blank _4"> </span>reafirmando <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>autoridade <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>Igreja <span class="blank _4"> </span>Católica. <span class="blank _7"> </span>Também <span class="blank _4"> </span>vale <span class="blank _4"> </span>salientar <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _7"> </span>textos </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y1d ffe fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">usados eram redigidos por ele em espanhol, português, tupi e latim. (ARANHA, 2006a) </div><div class="t m0 x1 hb y1e fff fs4 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws3">EXEMPL<span class="blank _6"></span>O</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y1f ffe fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Os <span class="blank _1"> </span>jesuítas notaram <span class="blank _1"> </span>logo <span class="blank _1"> </span>que <span class="blank _1"> </span>seria <span class="blank _1"> </span>mais fácil <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>conversão <span class="blank _1"> </span>do <span class="blank _1"> </span>indígena à <span class="blank _1"> </span>fé <span class="blank _1"> </span>católica </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y20 ffe fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">se <span class="blank _7"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>ensinassem <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>ler <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>escrever, <span class="blank _4"> </span>simultaneamente, <span class="blank _7"> </span>fazendo-os <span class="blank _7"> </span>aplicarem <span class="blank _4"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y21 ffe fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">novos conhecimentos em atividades cotidianas. (PILETTI, 2014) </div><div class="t m0 x5 hb y22 ff10 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws6">FIQUE A<span class="blank _8"></span>TENT<span class="blank _6"></span>O<span class="blank _6"></span>!</div><div class="t m0 xb hc y23 ff11 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">O teatro de Anchieta é uma das primeiras manifestações escritas em língua </div><div class="t m0 xb hc y24 ff11 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">portuguesa, durante o período colonial. (PILETTI, 2014) </div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y25 ffe fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Como <span class="blank _5"> </span>afirma <span class="blank _5"> </span>Aranha <span class="blank _5"> </span>(2006, <span class="blank _9"> </span>p. <span class="blank _5"> </span>131), <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>participação <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>Anchieta <span class="blank _5"> </span>foi <span class="blank _5"> </span>\u201cvaliosa <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _9"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y26 ffe fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">processo de colonização, bem como da difusão da palavra divina, especialmente a povos que não </div><div class="t m0 x9 hd y27 ffe fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">a conheciam <span class="ff12">\u2500</span> e por meio de uma socialização prolongada.\u201d</div><div class="t m0 x5 hb y28 ff13 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws6">SAIBA MAIS<span class="blank _6"></span>!</div><div class="t m0 xb he y29 ff14 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">O <span class="blank _0"> </span>padre <span class="blank _4"> </span>José <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>Anchieta <span class="blank _0"> </span>foi <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _0"> </span>figura <span class="blank _4"> </span>importante <span class="blank _0"> </span>não <span class="blank _4"> </span>apenas <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>educação </div><div class="t m0 xb he y2a ff14 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">brasileira, <span class="blank _0"> </span>mas <span class="blank _4"> </span>também <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>história <span class="blank _0"> </span>nacional. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Para <span class="blank _4"> </span>saber <span class="blank _4"> </span>mais <span class="blank _4"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _0"> </span>ele, <span class="blank _4"> </span>leia <span class="blank _4"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 xb he y2b ff14 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">artigo <span class="blank _1"> </span>\u201cQuem <span class="blank _1"> </span>foi <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>padre <span class="blank _1"> </span>José <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>Anchieta?\u201d, <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>Dom <span class="blank _1"> </span>Odilo <span class="blank _0"> </span>Scherer. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Disponível <span class="blank _1"> </span>em: </div><div class="t m0 xb he y2c ff14 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1">http://opiniao.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,quem-foi-o-padre-jose-de-anchieta-</div><div class="t m0 xb he y2d ff14 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">imp-,1138503. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w3 hf" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w3 hf"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xc y2e w2 h10" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/0954915e-1eca-4e8a-a015-b2822d4041e3/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x8 ha y2f ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Os <span class="blank _0"> </span>jesuítas <span class="blank _1"> </span>implantaram <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>ensino <span class="blank _1"> </span>secundário, <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>1599, <span class="blank _1"> </span>que, <span class="blank _0"> </span>além <span class="blank _0"> </span>das <span class="blank _1"> </span>aulas <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>leitura <span class="blank _0"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y30 ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">escrita, <span class="blank _3"> </span>também <span class="blank _3"> </span>contava <span class="blank _3"> </span>com <span class="blank _3"> </span>outras <span class="blank _2"> </span>três <span class="blank"> </span>modalidades: <span class="blank _3"> </span>Humanas, <span class="blank _3"> </span>Filosofia <span class="blank _2"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>Ciências. <span class="blank _3"> </span>Estas </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y31 ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">eram <span class="blank _4"> </span>voltadas <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>filhos <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>donos <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>engenho <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>órfãos <span class="blank _4"> </span>portugueses <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>chegavam <span class="blank _4"> </span>à <span class="blank _4"> </span>colônia. </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y32 ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Eles <span class="blank _7"> </span>ofereciam <span class="blank _4"> </span>também <span class="blank _7"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>curso <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>Teologia, <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>tinha <span class="blank _7"> </span>como <span class="blank _4"> </span>objetivo <span class="blank _7"> </span>exclusivo <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>formação <span class="blank _4"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y33 ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">padres. (PILETTI, 2014).</div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y34 ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">O <span class="blank _9"> </span>curso <span class="blank _9"> </span>superior <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>Teologia <span class="blank _9"> </span>era <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>único <span class="blank _a"> </span>permitido <span class="blank _9"> </span>desse <span class="blank _9"> </span>nível <span class="blank _9"> </span>em <span class="blank _a"> </span>nossas <span class="blank _9"> </span>terras </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y35 ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">colonizadas. <span class="blank _7"> </span>Era <span class="blank _2"> </span>estritamente <span class="blank _7"> </span>proibida <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>existência <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>universidades, <span class="blank _2"> </span>por <span class="blank _7"> </span>isso, <span class="blank _2"> </span>os <span class="blank _2"> </span>colonos <span class="blank _7"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y36 ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">pretendiam <span class="blank"> </span>completar <span class="blank"> </span>seus <span class="blank"> </span>estudos, <span class="blank"> </span>filhos <span class="blank"> </span>da <span class="blank"> </span>elite <span class="blank"> </span>local, <span class="blank"> </span>se <span class="blank _3"> </span>dirigiam <span class="blank"> </span>à <span class="blank"> </span>Europa <span class="blank"> </span>para <span class="blank"> </span>estudar, </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y37 ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">especialmente <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>curso <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>Direito, <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>dava <span class="blank _4"> </span>acesso <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>vários <span class="blank _4"> </span>cargos <span class="blank _0"> </span>na <span class="blank _0"> </span>administração <span class="blank _4"> </span>pública <span class="blank _0"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y38 ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Império português.</div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y39 ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1"> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Também era <span class="blank _1"> </span>proibido imprimir qualquer <span class="blank _1"> </span>tipo de <span class="blank _1"> </span>livro, jornais ou <span class="blank _1"> </span>panfletos. A <span class="blank _1"> </span>circulação de </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y3a ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">material <span class="blank _9"> </span>escrito <span class="blank _a"> </span>era <span class="blank _9"> </span>controlada <span class="blank _a"> </span>pela <span class="blank _9"> </span>metrópole. <span class="blank _a"> </span>O <span class="blank _a"> </span>medo <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _a"> </span>rei <span class="blank _9"> </span>era <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _a"> </span>as <span class="blank _a"> </span>pessoas <span class="blank _9"> </span>se </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y3b ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">informassem <span class="blank _c"> </span>e <span class="blank _c"> </span>se <span class="blank _c"> </span>revoltassem <span class="blank _c"> </span>contra <span class="blank _c"> </span>a <span class="blank _c"> </span>condição <span class="blank _a"> </span>subserviente <span class="blank _c"> </span>em <span class="blank _c"> </span>que <span class="blank _c"> </span>esse <span class="blank _c"> </span>território <span class="blank _c"> </span>se </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y3c ff15 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1">encontrava.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hb y3d ff16 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws6">FIQUE A<span class="blank _8"></span>TENT<span class="blank _6"></span>O<span class="blank _6"></span>!</div><div class="t m0 xb hc y3e ff17 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Embora os jesuítas estivessem incumbidos de fecundar a fé entre os </div><div class="t m0 xb hc y3f ff17 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">indígenas e oferecer educação a um amplo número de pessoas, o foco </div><div class="t m0 xb hc y40 ff17 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">deles centrou-se na formação do corpo eclesiástico. (PILETTI, 2014) </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y41 ff18 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1"> <span class="blank _d"> </span>Por <span class="blank _4"> </span>mais <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>200 <span class="blank _7"> </span>anos, <span class="blank _4"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>padres <span class="blank _7"> </span>jesuítas <span class="blank _4"> </span>foram <span class="blank _7"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>únicos <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>responsabilizarem <span class="blank _7"> </span>pela </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y42 ff18 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">educação <span class="blank _0"> </span>na <span class="blank _0"> </span>colônia. <span class="blank _4"> </span>O <span class="blank _0"> </span>método <span class="blank _0"> </span>pedagógico <span class="blank _4"> </span>utilizado <span class="blank _0"> </span>era <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>mesmo <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>todos <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>lugares, <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>Ratio </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y43 ff18 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Studiorum, criado por Inácio de Loyola, o fundador dessa ordem religiosa.</div><div class="t m0 xe h11 y44 ff19 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Figura 1 \u2013 Índios, educação e Anchieta</div><div class="t m0 xf h2 y45 ff18 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Fonte: Filipe Frazao/Shutterstock.com</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y46 ff19 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1"> <span class="blank _b"> </span>Os <span class="blank _0"> </span>padres <span class="blank _1"> </span>também <span class="blank _1"> </span>sedimentaram <span class="blank _1"> </span>cursos <span class="blank _1"> </span>profissionalizantes, <span class="blank _1"> </span>visando <span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>ensino <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>ofícios </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y47 ff19 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">para <span class="blank"> </span>atender <span class="blank _5"> </span>à <span class="blank _5"> </span>demanda <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank"> </span>colônia, <span class="blank _5"> </span>por <span class="blank _5"> </span>meio <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>oficinas <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>exigiam <span class="blank _5"> </span>muita <span class="blank _5"> </span>disciplina <span class="blank"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y48 ff19 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">participantes. (ARANHA, 2006)</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y49 ff19 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1"> <span class="blank _e"> </span>Dentre <span class="blank _1"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>cursos, <span class="blank _1"> </span>estavam <span class="blank _1"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>carpinteiro, <span class="blank _1"> </span>açogueiro, <span class="blank _0"> </span>sapateiro, <span class="blank _1"> </span>alfaiate <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>outros, <span class="blank _1"> </span>cujos </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y4a ff19 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">serviços <span class="blank _4"> </span>eram <span class="blank _7"> </span>indispensáveis <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>vivência <span class="blank _7"> </span>cotidiana. <span class="blank _4"> </span>No <span class="blank _7"> </span>caso <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>cidade <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>Salvador-BA, <span class="blank _4"> </span>por </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y4b ff19 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">exemplo, <span class="blank _0"> </span>existia <span class="blank _4"> </span>um <span class="blank _0"> </span>local <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>consertos <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>navios, <span class="blank _0"> </span>barcos <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>caravelas, <span class="blank _4"> </span>pois <span class="blank _0"> </span>muitos <span class="blank _4"> </span>desses <span class="blank _4"> </span>meios </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y4c ff19 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">de transporte chegavam destruídos pelas viagens <span class="blank _1"> </span>marítimas entre Europa, Brasil, África <span class="blank _1"> </span>e Ásia que </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y4d ff19 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">ocorriam com bastante frequência naquele período.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,-9.000000,-6.600010]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x9 y0 w2 h12" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/0954915e-1eca-4e8a-a015-b2822d4041e3/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x10 h9 y4e ff1a fs3 fc2 sc0 ls3">2<span class="ff1b ws7"> </span><span class="ff1c ws8"> </span><span class="ff1d ws1"> <span class="ff1e">A reforma pombalina</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h13 y4f ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">O <span class="blank"> </span><span class="v0">século <span class="blank _5"> </span>XVIII <span class="blank _5"> </span>foi <span class="blank"> </span>um <span class="blank _5"> </span>período <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>intensas <span class="blank"> </span>mudanças <span class="blank _5"> </span>sociais, <span class="blank _5"> </span>filosóficas, <span class="blank _5"> </span>políticas <span class="blank"> </span>e </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h11 y50 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">econômicas na Europa, as <span class="blank _1"> </span>quais tiveram reflexo no <span class="blank _1"> </span>Brasil. Os primeiros movimentos das <span class="blank _1"> </span>posições </div><div class="t m0 x9 h11 y51 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">filosóficas <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _9"> </span>Iluminismo <span class="blank _9"> </span>\u2013 <span class="blank _9"> </span>teoria <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>pregava <span class="blank _9"> </span>liberdade, <span class="blank _9"> </span>igualdade <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>fraternidade <span class="blank _9"> </span>entre <span class="blank _9"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x9 h11 y52 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">homens <span class="blank _7"> </span>\u2013 <span class="blank _7"> </span>influenciavam <span class="blank _7"> </span>diretamente <span class="blank _7"> </span>Portugal, <span class="blank _4"> </span>país <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _7"> </span>estava <span class="blank _7"> </span>com <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>economia <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>política <span class="blank _7"> </span>à </div><div class="t m0 x9 h11 y53 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">beira <span class="blank _3"> </span>do <span class="blank _2"> </span>colapso. <span class="blank"> </span>Neste <span class="blank _2"> </span>cenário, <span class="blank"> </span>uma <span class="blank _2"> </span>figura <span class="blank"> </span>mudaria <span class="blank _2"> </span>os <span class="blank"> </span>rumos <span class="blank _2"> </span>da <span class="blank _3"> </span>educação <span class="blank _3"> </span>até <span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank"> </span>momento </div><div class="t m0 x9 h11 y54 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">realizada na colônia: o Marquês de Pombal. (ARANHA, 2006)</div><div class="t m0 x8 h11 y55 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Secretário <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>estado <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>depois <span class="blank _1"> </span>ministro <span class="blank _1"> </span>português <span class="blank _0"> </span>entre <span class="blank _1"> </span>1750 <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>1777, <span class="blank _0"> </span>inspirado <span class="blank _1"> </span>pela <span class="blank _1"> </span>ideia </div><div class="t m0 x9 h11 y56 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">de <span class="blank"> </span>educação <span class="blank _5"> </span>laica, <span class="blank _5"> </span>ou <span class="blank"> </span>seja, <span class="blank _5"> </span>separada <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank"> </span>religião, <span class="blank _5"> </span>adotou <span class="blank _5"> </span>uma <span class="blank _5"> </span>série <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>medidas <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank"> </span>tentar </div><div class="t m0 x9 h11 y57 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">reerguer <span class="blank _a"> </span>o <span class="blank _a"> </span>país, <span class="blank _a"> </span>que <span class="blank _a"> </span>ele <span class="blank _a"> </span>considerava <span class="blank _9"> </span>atrasado <span class="blank _a"> </span>devido <span class="blank _a"> </span>à <span class="blank _a"> </span>grande <span class="blank _a"> </span>proximidade <span class="blank _a"> </span>com <span class="blank _a"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>Igreja. </div><div class="t m0 x9 h11 y58 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Centralizou <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>administração <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>colônia <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>controlá-la <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>maneira <span class="blank _4"> </span>mais <span class="blank _7"> </span>eficiente <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>decretou <span class="blank _7"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x9 h11 y59 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">expulsão dos jesuítas de todos os territórios do império português, em 1759. (PILETTI, 2014)</div><div class="t m0 x11 h11 y5a ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Além <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>José <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>Anchieta, <span class="blank _0"> </span>outro <span class="blank _0"> </span>importante <span class="blank _1"> </span>jesuíta <span class="blank _0"> </span>marcou <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>história <span class="blank _0"> </span>educacional <span class="blank _1"> </span>desse </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y5b ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">período, <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>padre <span class="blank _4"> </span>Manuel <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>Nóbrega. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Nóbrega <span class="blank _7"> </span>foi <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>líder <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>primeiro <span class="blank _7"> </span>grupo <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>missionários <span class="blank _7"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y5c ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">veio <span class="blank _7"> </span>ao <span class="blank _7"> </span>Brasil, <span class="blank _7"> </span>em <span class="blank _7"> </span>1549. <span class="blank _7"> </span>Foram <span class="blank _7"> </span>eles <span class="blank _7"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>primeiros <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>terem <span class="blank _7"> </span>contato <span class="blank _7"> </span>com <span class="blank _7"> </span>os <span class="blank _7"> </span>indígenas, <span class="blank _7"> </span>tendo <span class="blank _7"> </span>ele </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y5d ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">sobrevivido <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>diversas <span class="blank _9"> </span>doenças <span class="blank _a"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>pragas <span class="blank _a"> </span>desconhecidas <span class="blank _9"> </span>pelos <span class="blank _9"> </span>europeus <span class="blank _a"> </span>até <span class="blank _9"> </span>à <span class="blank _a"> </span>chegada <span class="blank _9"> </span>na </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y5e ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">América. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Por <span class="blank _1"> </span>ter <span class="blank _0"> </span>sobrevivido <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>tudo <span class="blank _0"> </span>isso <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>ter <span class="blank _0"> </span>liderado <span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>primeiro <span class="blank _1"> </span>momento <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>catequização, <span class="blank _1"> </span>esse </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y5f ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">padre não pode ser esquecido na história.</div><div class="t m0 x11 h11 y60 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Cabe <span class="blank _4"> </span>ressaltar <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>existiam <span class="blank _7"> </span>outros <span class="blank _4"> </span>religiosos <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>desempenhavam <span class="blank _7"> </span>funções <span class="blank _4"> </span>na <span class="blank _7"> </span>colônia. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y61 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Franciscanos, <span class="blank _f"> </span>mercedários, <span class="blank _f"> </span>beneditinos, <span class="blank _f"> </span>dominicanos <span class="blank _f"> </span>cuidavam <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>outros <span class="blank _f"> </span>elementos </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y62 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">relacionados <span class="blank _0"> </span>à <span class="blank _0"> </span>educação <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>à <span class="blank _0"> </span>religião, <span class="blank _0"> </span>mas <span class="blank _0"> </span>nenhuma <span class="blank _0"> </span>dessas <span class="blank _0"> </span>ordens <span class="blank _0"> </span>impactou <span class="blank _0"> </span>tanto <span class="blank _0"> </span>na <span class="blank _4"> </span>educação </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y63 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">como os jesuítas.</div><div class="t m0 x11 h11 y64 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">É <span class="blank _7"> </span>importante <span class="blank _7"> </span>lembrar <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _7"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>modelo <span class="blank _7"> </span>pedagógico <span class="blank _7"> </span>dos <span class="blank _2"> </span>jesuítas <span class="blank _7"> </span>era <span class="blank _7"> </span>religioso <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>sofreu <span class="blank _7"> </span>um </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y65 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">grande <span class="blank _1"> </span>impacto com <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>aplicação <span class="blank _1"> </span>dos <span class="blank _1"> </span>ideais <span class="blank _1"> </span>iluministas na <span class="blank _1"> </span>colônia, <span class="blank _1"> </span>já <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _1"> </span>vigor <span class="blank _1"> </span>na Europa <span class="blank _1"> </span>à <span class="blank _1"> </span>época, </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y66 ff1f fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">como veremos a seguir. (ARANHA, 2006)</div><div class="t m0 x5 hb y67 ff13 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws6">SAIBA MAIS<span class="blank _6"></span>!</div><div class="t m0 xb he y68 ff20 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">O <span class="blank _0"> </span>Marquês <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>Pombal <span class="blank _0"> </span>é <span class="blank _0"> </span>considerado <span class="blank _4"> </span>até <span class="blank _0"> </span>hoje <span class="blank _0"> </span>uma <span class="blank _4"> </span>das <span class="blank _0"> </span>figuras <span class="blank _4"> </span>mais <span class="blank _0"> </span>controversas </div><div class="t m0 xb he y69 ff20 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">do <span class="blank _5"> </span>período <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _9"> </span>Iluminismo. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Para <span class="blank _9"> </span>conhecer <span class="blank _5"> </span>mais <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>fundo <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>trajetória <span class="blank _9"> </span>dele, <span class="blank _5"> </span>leia </div><div class="t m0 xb he y6a ff20 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">\u201cMarquês de Pombal: ascenção e queda\u201d, do historiador Kenneth Maxwell. </div><div class="t m0 x12 ha y6b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0">\u2022<span class="ff21 fc1 ls1 ws1">Fechou as escolas jesuítas;</span></div><div class="t m0 x12 ha y6c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0">\u2022<span class="ff21 fc1 ls1 ws1">Criou as aulas régias \u2013 focadas no ensino de latim, de grego e de retórica, mas que </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 ha y6d ff21 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">não eram populares; </div><div class="t m0 x12 ha y6e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0">\u2022<span class="ff21 fc1 ls1 ws1">Eliminou o ensino profissionalizante;</span></div><div class="t m0 x12 ha y6f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0">\u2022<span class="ff21 fc1 ls1 ws1">Não investiu na qualificação de professores;</span></div><div class="t m0 x12 ha y70 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0">\u2022<span class="ff21 fc1 ls1 ws1">Criou o subsídio literário - imposto inventado com o intuito de arcar com os custos da </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 ha y71 ff21 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">educação, incluindo o salário de professores.</div><div class="t m0 x10 ha y72 ff21 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Para institucionalizar a educação laica, segundo Piletti (2014), o Marquês de Pombal criou uma </div><div class="t m0 x10 ha y73 ff21 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">série de medidas bem impopulares:</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x13 y0 w4 h14" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/0954915e-1eca-4e8a-a015-b2822d4041e3/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x14 h15 y74 ff22 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Figura 2 \u2013 Educação laica na colônia</div><div class="t m0 x15 h15 y75 ff22 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Fonte: LianeM/Shutterstock.com</div><div class="t m0 x16 ha y76 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Ao <span class="blank _0"> </span>expulsar <span class="blank _1"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>jesuítas, <span class="blank _0"> </span>Sebastião <span class="blank _0"> </span>José <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>Carvalho <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>Melo, <span class="blank _0"> </span>como <span class="blank _0"> </span>era <span class="blank _0"> </span>chamado <span class="blank _1"> </span>à <span class="blank _0"> </span>época, </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y77 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">expulsou <span class="blank _c"> </span>500 <span class="blank _10"> </span>padres, <span class="blank _c"> </span>paralisando <span class="blank _c"> </span>17 <span class="blank _10"> </span>colégios, <span class="blank _c"> </span>36 <span class="blank _10"> </span>missões, <span class="blank _10"> </span>seminários <span class="blank _c"> </span>menores <span class="blank _10"> </span>e <span class="blank _c"> </span>escolas </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y78 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">elementares. <span class="blank _0"> </span>As <span class="blank _4"> </span>aulas <span class="blank _4"> </span>régias <span class="blank _4"> </span>eram <span class="blank _4"> </span>focadas <span class="blank _4"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>ensino <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>latim, <span class="blank _4"> </span>grego <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>retórica <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>deviam <span class="blank _4"> </span>formar </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y79 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">profissionais para atuar na administração do reino.</div><div class="t m0 x16 ha y7a ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Pouca <span class="blank _2"> </span>coisa <span class="blank _2"> </span>restou <span class="blank _2"> </span>da <span class="blank _2"> </span>prática <span class="blank _2"> </span>educativa <span class="blank _2"> </span>no <span class="blank _3"> </span>Brasil. <span class="blank _7"> </span>O <span class="blank _2"> </span>subsídio <span class="blank _2"> </span>literário <span class="blank _2"> </span>era <span class="blank _3"> </span>cobrado <span class="blank _7"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y7b ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">cima <span class="blank _1"> </span>da <span class="blank _1"> </span>carne <span class="blank _1"> </span>fresca, <span class="blank _1"> </span>do <span class="blank _1"> </span>vinho, <span class="blank _1"> </span>do vinagre <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>da <span class="blank _1"> </span>aguardente, <span class="blank _1"> </span>mas <span class="blank _1"> </span>existiam <span class="blank _1"> </span>muitas <span class="blank _1"> </span>formas <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>burlar </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y7c ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">a <span class="blank _4"> </span>arrecadação <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>pouco <span class="blank _0"> </span>dinheiro <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>chegava <span class="blank _7"> </span>aos <span class="blank _4"> </span>cofres <span class="blank _4"> </span>públicos <span class="blank _7"> </span>eram <span class="blank _4"> </span>destinados <span class="blank _7"> </span>às <span class="blank _4"> </span>escolas </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y7d ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">em <span class="blank"> </span>Portugal. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Sendo <span class="blank"> </span>assim, <span class="blank _5"> </span>os <span class="blank"> </span>colégios <span class="blank _5"> </span>no <span class="blank"> </span>Brasil <span class="blank _5"> </span>foram <span class="blank _5"> </span>abandonados. <span class="blank"> </span>Os <span class="blank _5"> </span>filhos <span class="blank"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>elite <span class="blank"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y7e ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">necessitavam <span class="blank _9"> </span>estudar <span class="blank _9"> </span>contratavam <span class="blank _a"> </span>professores <span class="blank _9"> </span>particulares <span class="blank _9"> </span>ou <span class="blank _9"> </span>viajavam <span class="blank _a"> </span>desde <span class="blank _9"> </span>cedo <span class="blank _9"> </span>para <span class="blank _a"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y7f ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Europa em busca de seus estudos, desde o nível elementar.</div><div class="t m0 x16 ha y80 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Isso <span class="blank"> </span>fez <span class="blank _3"> </span>com <span class="blank _3"> </span>que <span class="blank _3"> </span>muitos <span class="blank"> </span>filhos <span class="blank _3"> </span>da <span class="blank _3"> </span>elite <span class="blank _3"> </span>fossem <span class="blank"> </span>cedo <span class="blank _3"> </span>para <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>Europa <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>estudassem <span class="blank _3"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y81 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">debatessem <span class="blank _7"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>ideais <span class="blank _7"> </span>iluministas <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>circulavam <span class="blank _7"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>continente <span class="blank _7"> </span>naquele <span class="blank _7"> </span>período. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Com <span class="blank _7"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>retorno </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y82 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">desses <span class="blank _1"> </span>indivíduos, esses <span class="blank _1"> </span>debates <span class="blank _1"> </span>se <span class="blank _1"> </span>espalharam pela <span class="blank _1"> </span>colônia, <span class="blank _1"> </span>culminando, <span class="blank _1"> </span>no <span class="blank _1"> </span>final do <span class="blank _1"> </span>século <span class="blank _1"> </span>XVIII, </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y83 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">com <span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _0"> </span>Inconfidências <span class="blank _1"> </span>mineira, <span class="blank _0"> </span>carioca <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>bahiana, <span class="blank _1"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>pretendiam <span class="blank _1"> </span>instaurar <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>república <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>tornar <span class="blank _0"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y84 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">território independente de Portugal. </div><div class="t m0 x16 ha y85 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Ainda que <span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _1"> </span>inconfidências tenham <span class="blank _1"> </span>falhado em <span class="blank _1"> </span>conseguir <span class="blank _1"> </span>seus propósitos, <span class="blank _1"> </span>uma <span class="blank _1"> </span>semente </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y86 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">de pensamento libertário permaneceu no Brasil. Pensamento este que seria importante para nossa </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y87 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">independência nas primeiras décadas do século seguinte.</div><div class="t m0 x16 ha y88 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Não <span class="blank _3"> </span>podemos <span class="blank _3"> </span>esquecer <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>período <span class="blank"> </span>colonial <span class="blank _2"> </span>foi <span class="blank"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank"> </span>inseriu <span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank"> </span>africano <span class="blank _2"> </span>em <span class="blank"> </span>nosso </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y89 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">território <span class="blank _3"> </span>para <span class="blank _2"> </span>ser <span class="blank _3"> </span>escravizado. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Vindos <span class="blank _3"> </span>desde <span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>século <span class="blank _2"> </span>XVI, <span class="blank _3"> </span>essa <span class="blank _2"> </span>população <span class="blank _3"> </span>não <span class="blank _2"> </span>tinha <span class="blank _3"> </span>direito <span class="blank _2"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y8a ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">nenhum <span class="blank _0"> </span>tipo <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>educação, <span class="blank _0"> </span>era <span class="blank _0"> </span>considerada <span class="blank _0"> </span>não <span class="blank _0"> </span>humana <span class="blank _0"> </span>e, <span class="blank _1"> </span>por <span class="blank _0"> </span>isso, <span class="blank _0"> </span>na <span class="blank _0"> </span>concepção <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>época, <span class="blank _0"> </span>eles </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y8b ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">podiam <span class="blank _0"> </span>ser <span class="blank _0"> </span>escravizados. <span class="blank _0"> </span>A <span class="blank _0"> </span>Igreja <span class="blank _0"> </span>católica <span class="blank _1"> </span>optou <span class="blank _0"> </span>por <span class="blank _0"> </span>proteger <span class="blank _0"> </span>apenas <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>indígenas <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>aqueles <span class="blank _0"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y8c ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">aceitassem o processo de aculturação.</div><div class="t m0 x16 ha y8d ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">O <span class="blank _4"> </span>Marquês <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>Pombal <span class="blank _0"> </span>gerou <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _7"> </span>lacuna <span class="blank _0"> </span>na <span class="blank _4"> </span>educação <span class="blank _7"> </span>brasileira. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Podemos <span class="blank _4"> </span>dizer <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y8e ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">1759 <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>1808 <span class="blank"> </span>há <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank"> </span>vácuo <span class="blank _5"> </span>no <span class="blank"> </span>pensamento <span class="blank _5"> </span>educacional <span class="blank"> </span>brasileiro, <span class="blank"> </span>pois <span class="blank _5"> </span>ninguém <span class="blank"> </span>pensava <span class="blank _5"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y8f ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">desenvolvimento <span class="blank _3"> </span>educacional <span class="blank _3"> </span>da <span class="blank _2"> </span>colônia. <span class="blank"> </span>A <span class="blank _3"> </span>educação <span class="blank _2"> </span>era <span class="blank"> </span>uma <span class="blank _2"> </span>coisa <span class="blank"> </span>perigosa, <span class="blank _3"> </span>já <span class="blank _2"> </span>mostrava <span class="blank"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y90 ff23 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">inconfidências, ela fazia com que o povo pensasse em liberdade. (ARANHA, 2006)</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x18 y0 w5 h16" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/0954915e-1eca-4e8a-a015-b2822d4041e3/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y91 ff24 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls3 ws9">Fechament<span class="blank _6"></span>o</div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y92 ff25 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Nesta aula, você teve a oportunidade de:</div><div class="t m0 x19 h2 y93 ff26 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5">\u2022<span class="ff27 fc1 ls1 ws1">Conhecer a educação praticada no Brasil no período colonial;</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h2 y94 ff26 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5">\u2022<span class="ff27 fc1 ls1 ws1">Reconhecer o modelo educacional jesuíta;</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h2 y95 ff26 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5">\u2022<span class="ff27 fc1 ls1 ws1">Entender a criação da estrutura para o ensino no Brasil.</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y96 ff24 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls3 ws1">Referências </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y97 ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">ARANHA, Maria Lúcia de A. História da educação e da pedagogia: geral e do Brasil. 3. ed. São </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y98 ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Paulo: Moderna, 2006.</div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y99 ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">GADOTTI, Moacir. História das ideias pedagógicas. 8. ed. São Paulo: Cortez, 2006.</div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9a ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">PILETTI, Claudino; Nelson. História da educação: de Confúcio a Paulo Freire. São Paulo: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9b ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Contexto, 2014.</div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9c ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">MAXWELL, Kenneth. Marquês de Pombal: ascenção e queda. Lisboa: Manuscrito Editora, 2015.</div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9d ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">SCHERER, Dom Odilo Pedro. Quem foi o padre José de Anchieta? O Estado de S. Paulo. São </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9e ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Paulo, 8 mar. 2014. Disponível em: http://opiniao.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,quem-foi-o-</div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9f ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">padre-jose-de-anchieta-imp-,1138503. Acesso em: 29 jul. 2017.</div><div class="t m0 x1a h2 ya0 ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Como <span class="blank _3"> </span>vimos, <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>processo <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>colonização <span class="blank _3"> </span>não <span class="blank _3"> </span>foi <span class="blank _3"> </span>fácil <span class="blank _3"> </span>nem <span class="blank _3"> </span>para <span class="blank _3"> </span>os <span class="blank _3"> </span>indígenas <span class="blank _3"> </span>nem <span class="blank _3"> </span>para <span class="blank _3"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x1b h2 ya1 ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">colonos <span class="blank _a"> </span>portugueses <span class="blank _c"> </span>que <span class="blank _c"> </span>aqui <span class="blank _c"> </span>se <span class="blank _c"> </span>estabeleciam. <span class="blank _c"> </span>Eles <span class="blank _c"> </span>tinham <span class="blank _c"> </span>pouco <span class="blank _a"> </span>acesso <span class="blank _c"> </span>à <span class="blank _c"> </span>educação <span class="blank _c"> </span>e, <span class="blank _c"> </span>caso </div><div class="t m0 x1b h2 ya2 ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">quisessem <span class="blank _3"> </span>desenvolver <span class="blank _3"> </span>sua <span class="blank _2"> </span>intelectualidade, <span class="blank"> </span>teriam <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank"> </span>se <span class="blank _3"> </span>dirigir <span class="blank _2"> </span>à <span class="blank"> </span>Europa <span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>apenas <span class="blank"> </span>os <span class="blank _2"> </span>mais <span class="blank"> </span>ricos </div><div class="t m0 x1b h2 ya3 ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">conseguiam essa façanha.</div><div class="t m0 x1a h2 ya4 ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">Os <span class="blank _3"> </span>jesuítas <span class="blank _2"> </span>foram <span class="blank _3"> </span>os <span class="blank _2"> </span>responsáveis <span class="blank _3"> </span>pela <span class="blank _2"> </span>educação <span class="blank _3"> </span>tanto <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>indígenas <span class="blank _2"> </span>como <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>portugueses </div><div class="t m0 x1b h2 ya5 ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">durante <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>maior <span class="blank _1"> </span>parte <span class="blank _1"> </span>do <span class="blank _1"> </span>período <span class="blank _1"> </span>colonial. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Em <span class="blank _1"> </span>seguida, <span class="blank _1"> </span>Pombal <span class="blank _1"> </span>estabeleceu <span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _1"> </span>aulas <span class="blank _1"> </span>régias <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>promoveu </div><div class="t m0 x1b h2 ya6 ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">um <span class="blank _c"> </span>esvaziamento <span class="blank _c"> </span>educacional <span class="blank _c"> </span>nas <span class="blank _c"> </span>colônias <span class="blank _c"> </span>portuguesas. <span class="blank _c"> </span>Demoraria <span class="blank _c"> </span>muito <span class="blank _c"> </span>tempo <span class="blank _c"> </span>para <span class="blank _c"> </span>que <span class="blank _c"> </span>nós </div><div class="t m0 x1b h2 ya7 ff27 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws1">conseguíssemos estabelecer um processo educacional.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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