SIMULADO 2 GRAMÁTICA AVANÇADA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA

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1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
	
	In English there are multiword forms such as phrasal modals, pseudo-modals, or quasi-modals whose meanings are similar to those of true modals. Choose the option in which the statement below is rephrased with its adequate phrasal equivalent.
 
"We should get out into the garden so we´re ready".
		
	 
	We are supposed to get out into the garden (...).
	
	We are allowed to get out into the garden (...).
	
	We have to get out into the garden (...).
	
	We are used to getting out into the garden (...).
	
	We are able to get out into the garden (...).
	Respondido em 01/11/2023 08:40:40
	
	Explicação:
In order to give advice, speakers can resort to the modals "should" and "ought to" or to their phrasal counterpart "be supposed to". The other phrasal counterparts either convey permission, obligation, past habit, or ability.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
	
	Read the excerpt below:
 
"Even if I speak to Bart only in Dutch, he‛ll mostly reply in English, and we go with that," says Jansen.
 
Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/sep/04/britains-multilingual-children-we-speak-whatever-language-gets-the-job-done- Access on: March 3rd, 2023.
 
Choose the option that best describes the excerpt above:
		
	 
	Direct report, because it completely preserves the enunciator‛s original wording.
	
	Partial report, because it combines the original wording with paraphrased content.
	
	Indirect report, because it completely preserves the enunciator‛s original wording.
	
	Partial quotation, because it completely preserves the enunciator‛s original wording.
	
	Indirect report, because the lack of quotation marks suggests the source‛s original words are not used and the fragment has been paraphrased.
	Respondido em 01/11/2023 08:41:20
	
	Explicação:
Indirect speech occurs when speakers or writers focus on the content of the message, paraphrasing it in their own words. We call direct or quoted speech the cases in which the reporter offers an ipsis litteris account of what has been said or written, reproducing exactly the authors‛ original words, which is usually signalled by the use of quotation marks. Finally, juxtaposing in the same statement the author‛s and his/ her sources¿ choices of words refers to the use of partial quotation.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
	
	The Present Perfect poses a great challenge for ESL students, which may be partly due to its inexistence in Portuguese. One of the five main uses of the Present Perfect is to describe:
		
	
	an ongoing action, highlighting its incompleteness.
	
	a more remote past event prior to a more recent past action.
	
	a complete action that happened at a specific moment in the past.
	
	an action that has been occurring for some time and that is likely to stretch into the future until or beyond a given point in time
	 
	an action that began at a prior moment and has lasted into the present.
	Respondido em 01/11/2023 08:42:09
	
	Explicação:
All the three verb tenses marked by the perfect aspect (Past Perfect, Present Perfect, and Future Perfect) refer to a prior moment in time. The Present Perfect is well-known for describing actions that started at some point in the past and have lasted all the way into the present.
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
	
	A didactic way to understand the structure of directive sentences is to compare it with declarative sentences. Bearing this is mind, choose the correct alternative.
 
Different from declaratives, directives usually appear with a subject. Directive sentences tend to use modal verbs, avoiding thus the use of ______________.
 
Read the passage above and choose the option that fills in its blanks correctly and in the right order:
		
	
	Different from declaratives, directives usually appear with a subject.
	 
	Different from declaratives, directives usually appear without a subject.
	
	Declarative sentences tend to avoid the use of modalization.
	
	Directive sentences tend to use modal verbs.
	
	Directive sentences tend to prioritize modalization.
	Respondido em 01/11/2023 08:42:46
	
	Explicação:
Imperative sentences usually appear without a subject, having a main verb as its core, avoiding, thus, modalization. Thus, the only correct answer is "Different from declaratives, directives usually appear without a subject."
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 0,2
	
	Regarding ellipsis, assess the statements below and the relationship between them:
 
I - Nominal ellipsis occurs within nominal groups as a result of the suppression of the head of the noun phrase, whose function is fulfilled by some of its modifiers.
 
 BECAUSE
 
II - Clausal ellipsis occurs through the omission of one of the constitutive parts of the clause: the modal part or the propositional part.
		
	
	Option I is correct, but option II is not correct. Therefore, II is not a correct justification for I.
	
	Options I and II are not correct.
	
	Option I is not correct, but option II is correct. Therefore, II is not a correct justification for I.
	 
	Options I and II are correct propositions and II is a correct justification for I.
	 
	Options I and II are correct, but II is not a correct justification for I.
	Respondido em 01/11/2023 08:43:14
	
	Explicação:
Nominal ellipsis does occur through the suppression of the head of the nominal phrase and clausal ellipsis does occur through the omission of one of the parts of the clause. However, statement I is not justified by II.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 0,2
	
	The difference in meaning conveyed by different modals can be quite subtle and sometimes only noticeable in the variety being used, whether British, American, Canadian and so on. Which alternative best explains the difference between "must" and "have got to" in American English?
		
	
	"Must" and "have got to" are most often used to express logical deduction.
	 
	"Must" invites the interlocutor to face the obligation as a social necessity, while "have got to" depicts the social necessity as rules imposed by a particular social group.
	
	"Must" and "have got to" are most often used to describe a social necessity imposed by a particular group.
	
	"Must" is often used to underscore the speakers´ emotions while "have got to" expresses logical deduction.
	 
	"Must" typically expresses logical deduction, while "have got to" tends to be used to underscore the speaker´s feelings or the urgency of the situation.
	Respondido em 01/11/2023 08:43:50
	
	Explicação:
In American English, "have got to" or the reduced "gotta" often signals the urgency of the situation and the emotional charge of the message, while "must" tends to be employed to suggest a logical deduction.
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
	
	Reporting is a linguistic mechanism that comprehends direct reported speech and indirect reported speech. Indirect reporting is the means by which:
		
	
	We quote a reliable source word by word to lend credibility to our own text or to strengthen our points of view.
	 
	We focus on the meaning of the message, but change its form, rephrasing the original order, question, or statement in our own words.
	
	We juxtapose in the same statement the author¿s and his/ her sources¿ choices of words.
	
	We memorize the very same words previously employed by someone else.
	
	We reproduce what has been said or written ipsis litteris, employing the enunciator¿s original choice of words.
	Respondido em 01/11/2023 08:44:12
	
	Explicação:
Indirect speech occurs when speakers or writers focus on the content of the message, paraphrasing it in their own words. We call direct or quoted speech the cases in which the reporter offers an ipsis litteris account of what has been said or written, reproducing exactly the authors¿ original words, whereas juxtaposing in the same statement the author¿s and his/ her sources¿ choicesof words refers to the use of partial quotation.
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
	
	The uses of the past progressive can be divided into four categories. Mark the option in which a past action is simultaneous with an event in the Past Simple.
		
	
	The bus is leaving while the truck is blocking the street.
	
	The bus had left before the truck blocked the street.
	
	If the bus had left, the truck would have blocked the street.
	
	If the bus leaves, the truck will block the street.
	 
	The bus was leaving, when the truck blocked the street.
	Respondido em 01/11/2023 08:44:52
	
	Explicação:
In alternative "The bus was leaving, when the truck blocked the street", a sharp contrast is clear - an action was in progress when the abrupt occurrence of a second action brought it to a halt.
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
	
	Regarding the structure and discursive function of abbreviated irregular sentences, assess the statements below and the relationship between them:
 
I - Abbreviated irregular sentences appear often in instructional materials due to their capacity to condensate ideas into small structures of language.
 
BECAUSE
 
II - Abbreviated irregular sentences tend to occur in orality, due to the demand for swiftness and conciseness in informal oral interactions.
		
	
	Options I and II are correct propositions and II is a correct justification for I.
	
	Options I and II are not correct.
	 
	Options I and II are correct, but II is not a correct justification for I.
	
	Option I is not correct, but option II is correct. Therefore, II is not a correct justification for I.
	
	Option I is correct, but option II is not correct. Therefore, II is not a correct justification for I.
	Respondido em 01/11/2023 08:45:40
	
	Explicação:
Abbreviated irregular sentences are common in instructional materials and oral interactions due to the reasons exposed in the statements. However, statement I is not justified by II. Therefore, options I and II are correct, but II is not a correct justification for I.
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
	
	: ___________ is a kind of pro-form that can be used in order to substitute either definite or indefinite noun groups. _____________, on the other hand, functions as a pro-form substitute when its meaning is equated to the meaning of the one. Finally, _________ replaces noun groups in some specific clauses at the same time as a substitute and a referential.
Read the passage above and choose the option that fills in its blanks correctly and in the right order.
		
	
	Each - None - the same.
	
	One - The one - the same.
	
	Some - Those - so.
	 
	One - That - the same.
	
	One - Those - some.
	Respondido em 01/11/2023 08:46:13
	
	Explicação:
"One" is used as a definite and indefinite noun group substitute. "That" can be used as a pro-form when its meaning is the same as "the one" and "the same" works, at the same time, as referent and pro-form substitute. Therefore, "one, that and the same" is the correct answer.