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Disc.: LÍNGUA INGLESA RELAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS   
Aluno(a): LUIZA HELENA DA SILVA MATOS 202001227431
Acertos: 1,8 de 2,0 13/10/2023
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Participles are special classes of non-�nite forms that present many uses in the English language. Bearing this
information in mind, read the sentence below:
"My friend Anna, dressed in a very formal way, was invited to a meeting at the White House."
The participle form in the sentence is used to:
simplify an adverbial clause
devise a progressive verb tense
 simplify an adjective clause
form a passive structure
refer to a perfect verb tense
Respondido em 13/10/2023 15:11:49
Explicação:
Answer key: simplify an adjective clause
Feedback:
The participle form in this case is used to simplify a non-restrictive adjective clause (i.e. a clause which has extra
information on the subject and is placed between commas). In the case above, the simpli�ed non-restrictive adjective
clause is: ", who was dressed , ".
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Gerunds are a special class of non-�nite structures, which can be used after certain verbs to create more
complex sentences. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
 
"The American Government are interested in investing in Brazil."
 
The gerund form in the sentence above functions as:
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 Questão2
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Direct object
Subject
Subject complement
 Prepositional complement
Indirect object
Respondido em 13/10/2023 15:11:59
Explicação:
Prepositional complement (ANSWER) - it refers to using a gerund structure to complete the meaning of a
preposition so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized. It is what
happens in the example above.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive
verbs.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking
verb.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive
verb.
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The advise-type includes a some verbs, such as "advise".  Mark the option in which an advise-type main verb is
completed by a to-in�nitive clause:
But she had believed them to be well-meaning, worthy people (...).
Emma made no answer, and tried to look cheerfully unconcerned.
 Miss Fairfax should be allowed to come to you at such a time.
Emma wanted him very much to be gone.
He had heard many people say the same.
Respondido em 13/10/2023 15:12:15
Explicação:
Other than the verb "advise" itself, this category also includes other verbs such as:
allow
cause
force
urge
permit
Therefore, the only option that presents this type of verb is: Miss Fairfax should be allowed to come to you at such a
time. Furthermore, the verb "allowed" Is followed by a to-in�nitive clause "to come to you at such a time".
Acerto: 0,0  / 0,2
One of the main functions of RPCs in academic writing is to make the texts more compact and precise. Bearing
this in mind, read the following sentence:
This is the particle that is contaminating the entire laboratory.
Which of the following options presents a grammatically correct compact version of this sentence?
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 Questão4
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This is the particle is contaminating the entire laboratory.
 This is the particle that contaminating the entire laboratory.
This is the particle contaminates the entire laboratory.
 This is the particle contaminating the entire laboratory.
This is the particle that contaminates the entire laboratory.
Respondido em 13/10/2023 15:12:42
Explicação:
Answer: This is the particle contaminating the entire laboratory.
Feedback: The process of transforming full relative clauses into reduced ones involves the implementation of the
relative pronoun + be rule, which states that a participle form makes unnecessary the presence of those elements.
Therefore, the correct answer is "This is the particle contaminating the entire laboratory", since both the relative
pronoun and the verb to be are omitted.
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Gerunds are a special class of non-�nite forms. They can be used to perform a variety of syntactic functions,
after certain verbs to create more complex sentences, are also as part of idiomatic expressions. Bearing this
information in mind, read the sentence below:
"Anna normally goes running at �ve o'clock am due to her busy lifestyle."
A gerund form in the sentence above was used as:
subject
direct object
indirect object
subject complement
 part of an idiomatic expression
Respondido em 13/10/2023 15:12:51
Explicação:
Answer key: part of an idiomatic expression
Feedback:
Part of an idiomatic expression (ANSWER) - The structure GO + GERUND is a typical idiomatic expression used to
refer to someone's (recreational) activity.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb,
which is not the case at play.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive verbs.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
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The verbal structure in English can be composed of either �nite or non-�nite structures, depending on the type
of relation devised inside a sentence. Bearing this piece of information in mind, consider the following passage:
 Questão5
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 Questão6
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Researchers (1)have (2)used a COVID vaccine (3) to treat a patient (4) suffering from the virus, rather than for
just (5) preventing infection, for the �rst time
(Source: https://www.newsweek.com/man-prisoner-7-month-covid-infection-treated-p�zer-vaccine-�rst-ian-
lester-immunocompromised-1690401)
The TOTAL of non-�nite structures highlighted in the text is:
Five
Three
Two
 Four
One
Respondido em 13/10/2023 15:12:58
Explicação:
Four (ANSWER) ¿ Items [2] = past participle, [3] = in�nite, [4] = present participle, and [5] = gerund are
examples of non-�nite structures, since there is no subject-verb agreement. Item [1] = auxiliary verb must
agree with the subject. Consequently, it is the only �nite structure.
One ¿ inferior to the total of non-�nite structures
Two ¿ inferior to the total of non-�nite structures
Three ¿ inferior to the total of non-�nite structures
Five ¿ superior to the total of non-�nite structures.
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In the next statements, all the options, except for one, depict to-in�nitive clauses occupying the subject
position. Choose the only alternative in which the to-in�nitive clause functions as a circumstantial adjunct:
To work in his garden was one of his most respectable pleasures.
To know that her daughter would be married was enough.
To have his errors made public might ruin him forever.
 To assure us of his concern, he was coming.
To persuade him against returning into Hertfordshire was scarcely thework of a moment.
Respondido em 13/10/2023 15:13:09
Explicação:
All the options above were adapted from the novel Pride and Prejudice.
AUSTEN, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Available at: The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane
Austen. Accessed Oct 12th, 2021
"To assure us of his concern" is a circumstantial adjunct that provides us with the reason why he was coming. At the
onset of the sentence, it declares the purpose of the action from the very beginning, it announces why he is coming.
The other options "To know that her daughter would be married", "To have his errors made public"; "To work in his
garden"; "To persuade him against returning into Hertfordshire"  occupy the subject position as they provide the
answers to the following questions: "what was enough?"; "what might ruin him forever?"; "what was one of his most
respectable pleasures?" and “what was the work of a moment?".
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
 Questão7
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 Questão8
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The idea of opposition may be conveyed through different types of reduced adverbial clauses. Read the
sentences below and mark the option that presents an RPC expressing a notion of opposition:
 Although playing guitar every day, he was still unable to play simple songs.
Waiting for my girlfriend to come home, I prepared dinner for us.
Studying hard the entire weekend, she was able to pass in Chemistry.
After cutting the greens and vegetables, you have to pour them into the soup.
Before arriving in this city, I have never been a small town like this.
Respondido em 13/10/2023 15:13:14
Explicação:
Answer: Although playing guitar every day, he was still unable to play simple songs.
Feedback: One of the ways of conveying the notion of opposition in RPCs derived from adverbial clauses is through
concessive, conditional, circumstantial and manner clauses. The only example of such a structure is in "Although
playing guitar every day, he was still unable to play simple songs", as it is a concessive clause.
Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Verbals comprise a special set of non-�nite forms present in the English language. They can be used to perform
a variety of syntactic functions depending on the type of transitivity a sentence presents, as well as other
factors involving punctuation and sentence patters, for example. Bearing this information in mind, read the
sentence below:
"My assignment, to write an essay in 40 minutes, was a great challenge."
The in�nitive form in the sentence above functions as:
subject complement
prepositional complement
subject
direct object
 appositive
Respondido em 13/10/2023 15:13:20
Explicação:
Answer key: appositive
Feedback:
Appositive (ANSWER) - In�nitives operate as appositives when they are used to offer extra information on the
subject and are placed between commas, which is the case in question.
Subject complement - An in�nitive functions as subject complement when it is placed after a linking verb, which is not
the case in question.
Subject - When an in�nitive structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, an in�nitive structure must be located after a transitive verb,
which is not the case of the main verb of the sentence (= it is a linking verb)
Prepositional complement - it refers to using an in�nitive structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that
the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized.
 Questão9
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Acerto: 0,2  / 0,2
Consider the following passage from The Pit and The Pendulum:
 
''The agony of suspense grew at length intolerable, and I cautiously moved forward, with my arms extended, and
my eyes straining from their sockets, in the hope of catching some faint ray of light.''
 
Source: https://poestories.com/read/pit
 
 
What is the function of the Gerund Clause highlighted in the passage above?
Subject complement
Indirect object
Direct object
Subject
 Prepositional complement
Respondido em 13/10/2023 15:13:30
Explicação:
Prepositional complement (ANSWER) - it refers to using a gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition
so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized. It is what happens in the
example above.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive verbs.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as a subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
 Questão10
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