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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ESA 
2024 
AULA 07 
Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
Sumário 
1. INTRODUÇÃO 3 
2. RELATIVE CLAUSES 4 
Relative pronoun THAT 6 
Relative pronoun WHICH 9 
Relative pronouns WHO and WHOM 10 
Relative pronoun WHOSE 12 
Relative pronoun WHERE 12 
Relative pronoun WHEN 13 
Relative pronoun WHY 14 
3. IF CLAUSES 16 
Zero Conditionals 16 
First Conditionals 17 
Second Conditionals 18 
Third Conditional 19 
4. CAUSATIVES HAVE AND GET 20 
5.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 23 
QUESTÕES DESAFIO 54 
5.1 GABARITO 62 
6. QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 63 
QUESTÕES DESAFIO 110 
7.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 124 
8.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 124 
9.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 125 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
 
1. Introdução 
Desta vez, vamos à nossa aula sobre Relative Clauses (Orações Relativas), muito presentes 
nos textos das provas e que têm suas particularidades, as quais vamos estudar a teoria e praticar 
com muitos exercícios. 
Falaremos, também nesta aula, sobre If Clauses e Causatives, mais dois temas muito 
importantes, pois estão sempre presentes nos textos que são escolhidos pela banca da sua prova. 
Entendendo esses assuntos, você terá maiores possibilidades de atingir uma excelente nota na parte 
de Inglês de sua prova. 
O que são Relatives Clauses? Relative Clauses são sentenças ou frases que oferecem uma 
informação sobre algo ou alguém. A palavra “relative” deve ser entendida como “ligado a“ ou 
“relacionado a” e, para facilitar, devemos lembrar dos relative Pronouns, que estudamos na aula 
destinada aos pronomes e suas classificações. 
As orações relativas são construídas similares às adverbiais, que estudamos anteriormente. 
Estas orações, então, possuem uma oração independente e outra dependente. Assim, nos textos da 
maioria das provas, não seria diferente – aparecem, nos textos, as orações dos mais variados tipos, 
com a exploração do vocabulário, dos termos de diferentes classificações gramaticais, do sentido 
que cada frase tem, inseridas nos vários assuntos trabalhados. 
 O estudo das orações, como fazemos dia a dia em nosso material, abrange tópicos gramaticais 
presentes nas entrelinhas do que se pergunta na sua prova. Isso vai ampliar os conhecimentos que 
você já possui, pois a língua escrita possui prestígio maior do que a língua falada, visto que é 
considerada um referencial de uso correto. 
 Vamos lá, está chegando o seu grande momento de brilhar! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
2. Relative Clauses 
As Relative Clauses são orações que exercem a função de adjetivos. Por esse motivo, em 
algumas gramáticas, também são chamadas de Adjective Clauses. E são, em Português, orações 
subordinadas. Elas são empregadas com o intuito de informar sobre uma pessoa ou determinada 
coisa e, assim, funcionam como complementos de um substantivo ou um pronome. 
 Essas orações - relative clauses – sobre as quais estudaremos cada particularidade, para 
compreender bem, são construídas com a adição de partículas que têm o objetivo de adicionar 
informações à oração principal. Essas partículas são os pronomes relativos. 
 Em Inglês, os pronomes que já estudamos em aulas anteriores e que são utilizados nas 
orações relativas são: who, whom, which, whose e that. Outros pronomes relativos, menos usados 
mas que estudaremos também são when, where e why. Eles são responsáveis por unir uma frase à 
outra bem como fornecer informações adicionais à frase anterior. 
 Os pronomes relativos podem exercer diferentes funções na frase (sujeito, objeto ou posse) 
e, determinam qual será a relative clause. 
 As Relative Clauses podem ser Defining Relative Clauses ou Non-defining Relative Clauses. 
Nós abordaremos os conceitos de cada uma delas, mas é importante saber que não há razão para 
se preocupar em decorar estes aspectos das Relative Clauses, mas sim saber que elas possuem 
classificações e que essa classificação pode determinar o uso ou não de alguns pronomes. 
veja: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 As defining clauses, independente do pronome relativo a ser usado, aparecem de forma mais 
direta nas frases, ou seja, sem estar entre parênteses ou entre vírgulas. Elas destacam pessoas ou 
coisas às quais se referem. 
 As non-defining clauses são orações que trazem informações extras sobre o sujeito ou objeto 
das frases. Geralmente, são colocadas entre vírgulas ou parênteses. Se tentarmos retirá-las da 
oração principal, ela dá a impressão de que está incompleta, apesar de manter o sentido. 
 
Defining relative clauses (orações restritivas): Essas orações são usadas para definir sobre 
quem ou sobre o que estamos falando. Não exigem o uso de vírgulas e os pronomes relativos 
utilizados nelas são: who, whom, which, whose, where, when, why e that, como 
estudaremos adiante, um a um. 
 
Non-defining relative clauses (orações explicativas): Um pouco diferente das defining 
relative clauses, por sua vez, as non-defining relative clauses não fornecem informações 
essenciais sobre o que antecede a frase. Aqui, as informações adicionadas geralmente 
aparecem entre vírgulas. E os pronomes mais utilizados são: who, whom, whose e which. 
 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
Resumidamente, eis as características principais das Defining e Non-defining clauses: 
 
 
 
Veremos cada pronome para saber qual dos dois tipos podem ser usadas com cada um deles. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
Relative pronoun THAT 
O pronome relativo that é o que mais parece em frases de forma geral, em diálogos informais, em 
filmes, em séries, em textos variados, entre outros, já que pode ser usado quando se trata de pessoas, coisas, 
objetos, animais etc. Atenção: é usado apenas em Defining Relative Clauses. 
 Vejamos dois exemplos para você compreender melhor: “Eu tenho um amigo que eu admiro muito.” 
ou “Eu tenho um cachorro que sabe nadar”. Em ambos os exemplos, poderíamos usar o mesmo pronome: 
that. 
As frases acima seriam: “I have a friend that I admire a lot.” E “I have a dog that knows how to swim”. 
No caso de THAT, foi escolhido para ser o primeiro da lista de todos que explicarei nessa aula, 
justamente porque serve para todas as orações relativas. 
Eu costumo chamar esse pronome de pronome coringa, que pode ser utilizado em qualquer oração, 
quando se há alguma dúvida em relação a qual usar para desenvolver as frases desejadas. 
É importante observar que, se vier um sujeito após o pronome that, ele pode ser omitido sem prejudicar o 
sentido da frase. 
Vejamos outros exemplos: 
 
 
These are the flowers that I bought for you. 
(Esses são as flores que eu comprei para você.) 
 
 
Aqui, por causa do sujeito “I”, após o pronome that, ele poderia ser omitido: These are the flowers I bought 
for you. 
 
 
These are the boys that I was talking about. 
(Esses são os garotos que eu estava falando.) 
 
 
 
Aqui também, por causa do sujeito “I”, após o pronome that, ele poderia ser omitido: These are the boys I 
was talking about. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
 
He spoke so well that everybody was surprised. 
(Ele falou tão bem que todos ficaram surpresos.) 
 
 
 Aqui também, por causa do sujeito “everybody”, após that, ele poderia ser omitido: 
 (He spoke so well everybody was surprised.) 
 
 
 
Agora vejamos exemplos em que o pronome thatnão pode ser omitido, já que, não há sujeitos após os 
mesmos e sim verbos, que “pedem” que o pronome esteja presente: 
 
 The cat that was hidden is mine. 
(O gato que estava escondido é meu). 
 
 
 
 
 Aqui, como há um verbo “was hidden” e não um sujeito após that, ele não poderia ser omitido: The 
cat that was hidden is mine. 
 
 
 
Veja outro exemplo: 
 
 The girl that won the competition is the best. 
(A garota que ganhou a competição é a melhor.) 
 
 
 
Aqui, como há um verbo “won” (Past Simple) e não um sujeito após that, ele não poderia ser omitido: The 
girl that won the game is the best. 
 
 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
Vejamos o pronome that em um dos textos da Newsweek, fonte usada em algumas provas, para 
exemplificar: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
O texto está falando de Christoph Oswald e suas aventuras com as mulheres e, no segundo parágrafo, 
foi usado o pronome that, se referindo a um programa de celular que promete algo: “... Symbian Dater, a 
program that promises to turn the cell phone into …”. 
Assim como estudamos, o that pode se referir a pessoas ou coisas e oferecer informações sobre elas. 
No caso, foi informado que é um programa que promete algo. 
Vamos ao estudo do pronome which. 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
Relative pronoun WHICH 
 O pronome relativo which é usado quando se trata de coisas/objetos e animais e nunca usado para 
pessoas. Pode ser também traduzido como que. Diferente de that, é usado em defining ou non-defining 
relative clauses. 
No caso de WHICH, é válido observar que, muitas vezes, pergunta-se em questões da sua prova se 
which pode ser substituído por that ou vice-versa e, devemos analisar cuidadosamente se tais pronomes, 
nessas frases, referem-se ao sujeito ou ao objeto. 
Como uma observação, lembre-se de que, se vier um sujeito após o pronome which, assim como 
acontece com o pronome that, ele também pode ser omitido sem prejudicar o sentido da frase. 
 Vejamos exemplos: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Aqui, por causa do verbo “is”, após o pronome which, ele não pode ser omitido. 
 
 
 Outro exemplo: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Aqui também, por causa do sujeito “you”, após o pronome which, ele pode ser omitido: 
 This is the document you need to sign. 
 
 
 
 
Orca whale, which is big, is very dangerous. 
(A baleia orca, que é grande, é muito perigosa.) 
 
This is the document which you need to sign. 
(Este é o documento que você precisa assinar.) 
 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
 The charming guy who works with me has asked me out. 
(O homem charmoso que trabalha comigo me chamou para sair.) 
 
 
 
Relative pronouns WHO and WHOM 
Os pronomes relativos who e whom referem-se apenas a pessoas e nunca objetos ou animais. A 
diferença entre who e whom é bastante sutil e deve-se prestar atenção à explicação e aos exemplos para 
não gerar confusão na hora de sua prova. 
Como já vimos na aula de pronomes, Who assume função de sujeito na frase e Whom assume função 
de objeto. Seguindo esse padrão, você não errará ao decidir qual dos dois melhor se encaixa em cada 
situação. 
Observe: enquanto who se refere à uma pessoa que executa a ação da oração, whom é, por sua vez, 
utilizado quando se trata de alguém que recebe uma ação. Exemplos: 
 
 
 
 
 
Aqui, você pode perceber que o pronome who faz referência ao homem charmoso, ou 
seja, the charming guy, que foi quem chamou a pessoa para sair, executou a ação. 
Outro exemplo: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
No exemplo anterior, você pode perceber mais uma vez que o pronome who faz referência a George 
Lee, ou seja, o presidente da escola, que foi quem discursou, executou a ação. Você percebeu que, usei 
exemplos com frases entre vírgulas ou não. Em ambos os casos se usa o pronome relativo who. 
Agora, vejamos exemplos com o pronome relativo whom, para que a diferença entre o uso de who e 
whom fique clara. 
 
 
 
 
 
Aqui, você pode perceber que o pronome whom faz referência a quem recebeu a ação: ela. O sujeito 
da oração é “I” e o garoto de que trata a frase é aquele com quem ela está saindo, como um adjetivo para a 
pessoa com quem alguém está saindo. 
Veja outro exemplo: 
 
 George Lee, who was the school’s president, discoursed yesterday. 
 (George Lee, que era o presidente da escola, discursou ontem.) 
 
 
 
 I don’t know the name of the boy whom she is going out with. 
(Eu não sei o nome do garoto quem / com quem ela está saindo). 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Aqui também, você pode perceber que o pronome whom faz referência a quem recebeu a ação: meu 
irmão. 
Vejamos o pronome who em um dos textos do New York Times, fonte bastante usada em provas, 
para exemplificar: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
O texto está falando da Warner Bros Pictures, de cinema, de filmes e, no segundo parágrafo, foi usado 
o pronome who, duas vezes. Conforme estudamos, o pronome who, sempre se refere a pessoas, certo? 
Na primeira vez que who aparece, ele está se referindo a Bryan Singer: 
“... The last director – Bryan Singer, who directed X-Men and its sequel, was named…” corretamente como 
estudamos. 
Na segunda vez que who está na frase, está também se referindo a pessoas – desta vez, a Joseph 
McGinty Nichol: 
“... replace Joseph McGinty Nichol, known as McG, who left the project after refusing to board…” explicando 
algo sobre Joseph, como estudamos. 
Agora, vamos ao pronome whose. 
 
 The boy to whom you gave the present is my brother. 
 (O garoto para quem você deu o presente é meu irmão). 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
Relative pronoun WHOSE 
O pronome relativo whose é usado para indicar posse, para indicar que algo pertence a alguém. A 
tradução que melhor representa o whose seria o cujo/cuja em Português. Vejamos exemplos: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relative pronoun WHERE 
O pronome relativo where é usado para indicar o lugar que a frase está fazendo referência, o local do 
que se trata a informação principal da oração com esse pronome relativo. É um dos pronomes relativos mais 
simples, pois tem o mesmo significado de quando é pronome interrogativo: onde e se encaixa de forma 
prática nas frases. Vejamos exemplos: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
That bag, whose owner in unknown, is in the lost and found department. 
(Aquela mala, cujo dono é desconhecido, está no departamento de achados e perdidos.) 
 
 
 
That teacher, whose class is attractive, is preparing a speech for tomorrow. 
(Aquela professora, cuja aula é atrativa, está preparando um discurso para 
amanhã.) 
 
 
 The house where I live is big, beautiful and comfortable. 
(A casa onde/em que eu moro é grande, bonita e confortável.) 
 
 
 
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Relative pronoun WHEN 
O pronome relativo when é usado para indicar tempo: o dia, a semana, o mês, enfim, o período do 
que se trata a informação principal da oração com esse pronome relativo. É um pronome relativo simples 
também, pois, assim como o where, tem o mesmo significado como pronome interrogativo: quando. 
Vejamos exemplos: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vejamos um texto, que usaremos em nossa lista de exercícios adiante, do jornal The Economist, 
explorado em muitas provas, com o pronome when para ilustrar e exemplificar: 
 
 
 
 The college where she studies is modern. 
(Afaculdade onde/em que ela estuda é moderna.) 
 
 
 That was the day when I started working in this company. 
(Aquele foi o dia quando/em que eu comecei a trabalhar nessa empresa.) 
 
 
 
 January is the month when I graduate. 
(Janeiro é o mês quando/em que eu me formo.) 
 
 
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Percebemos que, nas três vezes em que o pronome when aparece no texto, refere-se a um período de 
tempo, contextualiza o momento, veja: “... when Spain was a republic” (quando a Espanha era república) , 
“... when Spain opened up to tourists” (quando a Espanha abriu-se aos turistas) e “... when families of eight 
or tem were common” (quando famílias com oito ou dez filhos era comum). 
 
 
 
 
Relative pronoun WHY 
O pronome relativo why é usado para indicar a razão, o motivo do que se trata a informação principal da 
oração. Podemos também traduzir como “por causa de”. Vejamos exemplos: 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 There are three different ways to go. That’s the reason why I got confused. 
 (Há três diferentes caminhos para ir lá. Essa é a razão por quê/pela qual eu 
fiquei confuso.) 
 
 
 
 I don’t know the reason why she is angry. 
 (Eu não sei a razão por quê/pela qual ela está nervosa.) 
 
 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
3. If Clauses 
As if clauses são formadas por duas partes: a if clause (que é a oração que expressa uma 
condição e por isso, é chamada de condicional) e a main clause (que é a oração principal), ou seja, 
a estrutura é formada por uma oração subordinada e outra principal. Elas são classificadas de 
quatro formas: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zero Conditionals 
As frases classificadas como Zero Conditionals indicam fatos verdadeiros, que, devido a 
alguma coisa, acontecerá outra com certeza. Geralmente também expressam fatos que ocorrem 
com frequência, e algumas vezes, são empregadas para dar ordens. 
A composição da zero conditional é seguinte: 
Frase 1: If + simple present / Frase 2: simple present 
Exemplos: 
 
 
 
 
 
If I win the lottery, I get rich. 
(Se eu ganhar na loteria, eu fico rico.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If I study a lot, I am approved. (Se eu estudar muito, sou aprovado.) 
If you feel bad, talk to the doctor. (Se você se sentir mal, fale com o médico.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Zero conditional 
First conditional 
Second conditional 
Third conditional 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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First Conditionals 
As frases classificadas como First conditionals indicam possibilidades ou prováveis ações 
futuras. É como afirmar algo e, em seguida, dizer o que vai acontecer em decorrência do que você 
afirmou, por exemplo se você comer muito, logo, ficará satisfeito. 
O verbo comer no presente e o verbo ficar (ficará) no futuro, vejamos o esquema da 
estrutura: 
Frase 1: If + simple present / Frase 2: simple future 
Exemplos: 
 
 
 
 
 
Poderíamos, por exemplo, usar a mesma figura que foi utilizada para falar da zero 
conditional sobre ganhar na loteria para aqui, ao invés de mostrar possibilidade, como ganhar na 
loteria e ficar rico, a first conditional apresenta algo que vai acontecer caso você ganhe na loteria, 
como por exemplo você vai comprar muitas coisas, certo? 
 
If I win the lottery, I will buy a lot of things. 
(Se eu ganhar na loteria, eu comprarei muitas coisas – pode acontecer um dia.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If you buy the book now, I will give you a discount. (Se você comprar o livro agora, eu te darei um 
desconto). 
If I go to Europe, I can visit many places. (Se eu for para a Europa, eu posso visitar muitos 
lugares). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Second Conditionals 
As frases classificadas como Second Conditionals indicam situações pouco prováveis e, na 
maioria das vezes, irreais no futuro, já que expressa que se tivesse acontecido algo, outra coisa 
também teria acontecido e isso é muito hipotético, veja a estrutura e o exemplo: 
 Frase 1: If+ simple past / Frase 2: auxiliaries would, could, might, should + verb 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Se dessa vez, usássemos aquela figura utilizada anteriormente para zero conditional (fato, 
coisas possíveis) e first conditional (possibilidade grande), desta vez na second conditional, seria 
dizer que, se eu tivesse ganhado na loteria, compraria muitas coisas, veja: 
 
 If I won the lottery, I would buy a lot of things. 
(Se eu ganhasse na loteria, eu compraria muitas coisas – dificilmente vai acontecer, já que a 1ª 
situação não aconteceu) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 If I had lots of money, I could buy a big house and a boat. 
(Se eu tivesse muito dinheiro, eu poderia comprar uma casa grande e um barco). 
 
 (não tenho o dinheiro) (poderia comprar se a situação fosse diferente, é quase irreal) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Third Conditional 
As frases classificadas como Third Conditionals, por sua vez, indicam algo que não ocorreu 
no passado e, assim, expressa o sentimento de arrependimento: 
 Frase 1: If+ past perfect/ Frase 2: auxiliaries would have or any conditional + verb in the 
participle 
 
 
 
 
 
 If I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world. 
 (Se eu tivesse ganhado na loteria, eu teria viajado pelo mundo.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 If I had saved money, I would have bought lots of things in the past. 
(Se eu tivesse economizado dinheiro, eu teria comprado muitas coisas no passado). 
 (não economizei) (poderia ter comprado e demonstra arrependimento) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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4. Causatives HAVE and GET 
 Os Causatives são expressões usadas para indicar que alguém fez algo para nós ou para outra 
pessoa. Isso quer dizer que o sujeito da oração fez com que aquela ação ocorresse, mas não foi ele 
que executou a ação em questão. 
 Pode ser que ele tenha pago, pedido como um favor ou ainda persuadido outra pessoa a 
executar aquela ação. 
 Como exemplos, podemos citar: 
• I washed my car. (Isso significa que eu mesmo lavei meu carro) 
 
Se eu, por exemplo, paguei alguém para lavar o carro, eu posso dizer: 
• The car washer washed my car. (Isso quer dizer que o lavador de carros lavou meu carro) 
 
Porém, podemos utilizar a estrutura causativa para dizer a mesma coisa. Vejamos: 
• I had my car washed. (Eu tive meu carro lavado) 
 Esta estrutura significa que o meu carro foi lavado por outra pessoa, não por mim. De certa 
forma, o uso dos causativos trazem uma certa semelhança com a estrutura da voz passiva, mas é 
algo diferente. A parte importante é que meu carro foi limpo. Nós não focamos em quem foi o 
responsável pela limpeza. 
 Após entender a função deste tipo de estrutura dentro da língua inglesa, vamos ver como 
usar os verbos have e get para montar a estrutura. 
 
 
 
 
Causatives: HAVEEm geral, utiliza-se o verbo have em estruturas causativas quando se quer dizer que alguém 
foi contratado ou pago para executar determinada ação. É muito utilizado para serviços. 
 A estrutura utilizada para montar um causativo com o verbo have é: 
Have + object + past participle (have something done) 
 
Vamos ver alguns exemplos de uso para que fique mais fácil de compreender. 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
• I had my A/C fixed. (Eu tive meu ar-condicionado consertado) 
• She had her house cleaned. (Ela teve sua casa limpa) 
• He always has his bedroom cleaned. (Ele sempre tem seu quarto limpo) 
 
Uma outra forma de se construir este tipo de estrutura é dizer que teve alguém para fazer algo. 
Nesse tipo de montagem de frase, fica claro quem foi que executou o serviço ou ação em questão. 
Vejamos esta estrutura: 
Have someone do something (Have + person + infinitive) 
 
Vamos ver alguns exemplos de uso desta estrutura. 
• I had the mechanic fix my car. (Eu tive o mecânico para consertar meu carro) 
• She had the house cleaner clean her house. (Ela teve a faxineira para limpar sua casa) 
• The doctor will have the nurse call the patients. (O médico terá a enfermeira para chamar os 
pacientes) 
 
 
 
Causatives: GET 
 Em geral, utiliza-se o verbo get em estruturas causativas quando se quer dizer que alguém 
pediu ou convenceu outra pessoa para executar determinada ação ou serviço. É utilizado para 
serviços, bem como favores ou pedidos. Porém, é relevante lembrar que o uso da estrutura com 
get torna a frase mais informal. 
 A estrutura utilizada para montar um causativo com o verbo get é: 
Get + object + past participle (get something done) 
 
Vamos ver alguns exemplos de uso para que fique mais fácil de compreender. 
• I got my A/C fixed. (Eu tive meu ar-condicionado consertado) 
• She will get her hair cut tomorrow. (Ela terá seu cabelo cortado amanhã) 
• John gets his fridge fixed every time it breaks down. (John tem sua geladeira consertada toda 
vez que ela quebra) 
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Uma outra forma de se construir este tipo de estrutura é dizer que teve alguém para fazer algo. 
Nesse tipo de montagem de frase, fica claro quem foi que executou o serviço ou ação em questão. 
Vejamos esta estrutura: 
Get someone to do something (Get + person + to + infinitive) 
 
Vamos ver alguns exemplos de uso desta estrutura. 
• She gets her son to do his homework promising him ice cream when he’s finished. (Ela 
convence seu filho a fazer a lição de casa ao prometer a ele sorvete quando ele tiver acabado 
a lição) 
• I got my wife to clean the house while I took care of our son. (Eu pedi à minha esposa que 
limpasse a casa enquanto eu tomava conta do nosso filho) 
• The doctor got the patient to stick to her diet. (O médico convenceu sua paciente a seguir sua 
dieta) 
 
 Os causativos não costumam ser cobrados diretamente em questões de prova, mas é 
recorrente nos textos que aparecem nelas. 
 Como é um tipo de estrutura bem diferente do comum, muitas vezes sua interpretação de 
texto fica muito prejudicada por não compreender o que o texto quer dizer com aquele 
determinado trecho. 
 Por esse motivo, recomendo que você esteja atento a este tipo de estrutura em seus 
estudos e no dia de sua prova. Aos poucos, você vai se capacitando para gabaritar a prova de 
inglês! Vem com o Estratégia que é sucesso! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
5.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 
 
 
1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In “If they do not get their treats, they play a trick.” (lines 9 and 10), one can infer that if they get 
their treats, 
a) they play a trick. 
b) they don’t play a trick. 
c) they may play a trick or not. 
d) they wouldn’t play a trick. 
 
2. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Select the alternative that indicates the type of conditional in the sentence below. 
According to scientists, if the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, there will be a 
global warming. 
a) zero conditional 
b) first conditional 
c) third conditional 
d) second conditional 
 
3. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Select the alternative that completes the sentence 
below in the third conditional. 
If she hadn’t read the news magazine, she ________________. 
a) hadn’t seen the ad 
b) would see the ad 
c) couldn’t see the ad 
d) wouldn’t have seen the ad 
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4. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) “individuals who have no medical training” could 
be rewritten as 
a) individuals who don’t have any medical training. 
b) individuals who don’t have no medical training. 
c) individuals who have any medical training. 
d) individuals who doesn’t have any medical training. 
 
 
5. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) Which of the underlined words can be omitted? 
a) “They are more interesting than lions and tigers...” 
b) “... because they are livelier and perform tricks.” 
c) “... although they are more willing to cooperate with the trainer than other mammals...” 
d) “This is one reason for believing that they are very intelligent.” 
 
Read the lyrics and answer question 6 
 
POST MALONE – CIRCLES 
We couldn't turn around 
'Til we were upside down 
I'll be the bad guy now 
But no, I ain't too proud 
I couldn't be there 
Even when I try 
You don't believe it 
We do this every time 
Seasons change and our love went cold 
Feed the flame 'cause we can't let go 
Run away, but we're running in circles 
Run away, run away 
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I dare you to do something 
I'm waiting on you again 
So I don't take the blame 
Run away, but we're running in circles 
Run away, run away, run away 
(Adapted from https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1SQJL_pt-
BRBR910BR910&sxsrf=ALeKk01P1MF02ZwaGbZnN38jX69eYtkSuw%3A1599078844698&ei=vAFQX8GfKpvD5OUPzvawkA8&q=letra+musica+circles+post+malone
&oq=letra+musica+circles+po&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQARgAMgIIADIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEBYQHjoECAAQRzoGCAAQBxAeOggIABAIEAcQHjoGCAAQC
BAeOgQIABAeOgQIIxAnSgUIJhIBblCGigNYlPoHYLWHCGgAcAF4AIAB3wKIAaIzkgEIMC43LjE2LjWYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6wAEB&sclient=psy-ab) 
 
6. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The word in bold in the text is closest in meaning to 
 
a) Praise 
b) Exoneration 
c) Harmony 
d) Accusation 
 
Read the comic strip and answer question 7 
 
(https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/09/01) 
 
7. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative according to the comic 
strip 
a) The man didn’t understand what the woman was doing 
b) The man didn’t try to help the woman 
c) The woman was trying to clean something that couldn’t be cleaned 
d) The woman didn’t hurt her hand 
 
Read the lyrics and answer questions 8, 9 and 10 
 
Lonely - Justin Bieber, Benny Blanco 
 
Everybody knows my name now 
But somethin' 'bout it still feels strange 
Like lookin' in a mirror, tryna steady yourself 
And seein' somebody else 
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And everything is not the same now 
It feels like all our lives have changed 
Maybe when I'm older, it'll all calm down 
But it's killin' me now 
What if you had it all 
But nobody to call? 
Maybe then, you'd know me 
'Cause I've had everything 
But no one's listening 
And that's just fuckin' lonely 
I'm so lonely 
Lonely 
Everybody knows my past now 
Like my house was always made of glass 
And maybe that's the price you pay 
For the money and fame at an early age 
And everybody saw me sick 
And it felt like no one gave a shit 
They criticized the things I did 
As an idiot kid 
What if you hadit all 
But nobody to call? 
Maybe then, you'd know me 
'Cause I've had everything 
But no one's listening 
And that's just fuckin' lonely 
I'm so lonely 
Lonely 
I'm so lonely 
Lonely 
(Adapted from https://www.lyricfind.com/) 
 
8. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the lyrics 
 
a) The song criticizes the lack of support for people with mental illness 
b) The song portrays the reality of an individual with profound loneliness, even if he has material 
goods 
c) The song is about depression seen in a collective way, in society 
d) The song portrays the current situation of institutions fighting suicide 
 
9. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The underlined expression “made of glass”, in the text, 
means that 
 
a) The house is actually made of glass 
b) The person is very fragile mentally 
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c) The person’s life was very public 
d) The house was very fragile and had many defects 
 
10. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The word in bold in the text is closest in meaning to 
 
a) Unusual 
b) Bad 
c) Common 
d) Aberrant 
 
Read the text and answer questions 11, 12 and 13 
WhatsApp lets messages vanish after seven days 
WhatsApp is introducing a "disappearing messages" option that will erase chats from the 
phone of both the sender and recipient after seven days. 
 The Facebook-owned app, which has two billion users worldwide, said the setting would 
help keep chats private. 
 But it said recipients would still be able to screenshot or forward any messages, photos or 
videos that they wanted to keep. The option will appear for WhatsApp users by the end of 
November. 
 In a blog, the company said messages could be set to expire after seven days to offer "peace 
of mind that conversations aren't permanent, while remaining practical so you don't forget what 
you were chatting about". 
 In April 2019, Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg pledged to make several changes 
to the social network to offer users more privacy. 
 One of his proposed changes was offering more "ephemeral" ways to share content, 
including disappearing messages. 
 The company also hopes to integrate its messaging platforms, making WhatsApp, Instagram 
and Facebook Messenger interoperable. 
 Rival messaging app Snapchat, which has provided inspiration for a number of Facebook's 
features, was built on the principle of disappearing messages. 
 "Remarkable that this was so long in coming to WhatsApp, given that it launched Status (also 
a disappearing feature) back in 2017, that ephemeral is huge, and that this is Facebook we are talking 
about," said Ingrid Lunden, a journalist for Tech Crunch, on Twitter. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-54825021) 
 
11. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, we can infer that ______. 
 
a) The new Whatsapp tool allows messages to disappear after 7 days, just for the sender 
b) The purpose of the new option in the app, is greater privacy for the user 
c) Considering that Whatsapp is a small app, the new tool aims to attract more users 
d) The option was already part of the app; however, it needs repairs, which will reach users in 
late November 
 
12. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the best response 
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a) The app owner wanted to provide more temporary options for conversations 
b) Facebook-owned brands will merge into just one new app 
c) Facebook created the idea of disappearing messages, without any external inspiration 
d) Disappearing messages is the only disappearing tool that Whatsapp will have 
 
13. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The word in bold in the text is closest in meaning to 
 
a) Lengthy 
b) Brief 
c) Enduring 
d) Momentary 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 14 
 
Brazil gives equal pay to men's and women's national players 
 
 Brazil's women's national players will be paid the same as male players for representing their 
country, Brazil's football association (CBF) has said. All players will be granted the same daily 
and prize amounts for taking part in preparation periods and games. CBF president Rogerio 
Caboclo says the measures were put in place in March. 
 "Since March of this year, CBF has made an equal value in terms of prizes and daily rates 
between men's and women's football," he said. "That is, the players earn the same thing as the 
players during the calls. What they receive by daily call, women also receive." 
 The same arrangement has applied in England since January, with an FA spokesperson saying 
it pays women the same as men for representing their country, both for match fees and 
bonuses. 
 Caboclo says its arrangement also applies to performances at international tournaments such 
as the World Cup and Olympics. "There is no more gender difference, as the CBF is treating 
men and women equally," he said. "What they will gain by conquering or by staging the 
Olympics next year will be the same as the men will have." 
 Australia, Norway and New Zealand are among the nations to previously decide to pay their 
men and women internationals the same amount. 
 Brazil's women's team have not played since March, when many competitions around the 
world were postponed because of the coronavirus pandemic. 
(Adapted from 
https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/54007054?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world/latin_america&link_location=live-
reporting-story) 
 
14. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) In the sentence “…with an FA spokesperson saying it 
pays women the same as men…” (paragraph 3), the expression spokesperson means 
 
a) A person that talks a lot 
b) A person that talks louder than the others 
c) A person that doesn’t like to talk 
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d) A person that talks only in important situations 
e) A person that communicates for another 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 15. 
US sends mechanized troops back into Syria 
 
Bradley fighting vehicles have headed back into eastern Syria, the Pentagon announced Friday, a 
move that comes after a tense encounter with Russian forces left four U.S. troops lightly injured 
last month. 
The return of mechanized units also comes as the U.S. military deployed Sentinel radar and 
increased the frequency of fighter jet patrols over U.S. forces in that part of Syria, according to U.S. 
Central Command spokesman Navy Capt. Bill Urban. 
“These actions are a clear demonstration of U.S. resolve to defend Coalition forces in the [Eastern 
Syria Security Area], and to ensure that they are able to continue their Defeat-ISIS mission without 
interference,” Urban said in an emailed statement. “The Defense Department has previously 
deployed Bradleys to northeast Syria pursuant to these goals." 
Bradleys from the 30th Armored Brigade Combat Team were last sent to Syria in late October 2019 
to guard oil infrastructure from Islamic State militants, officials said at the time. 
They were quietly pulled out after roughly a month when combined patrols with Turkish forces 
“never materialized” and the “mission requirements changed,” a military official in the region 
previously told Army Times. 
The armored vehicles sent back this month belong to 2nd Brigade, 1st Armored Division, out of 
Fort Bliss, Texas. The unit is deployed to the Middle East in support of Operation Spartan Shield, 
which is based in Kuwait. 
“The mechanized infantry assets will help ensure the force protection of coalition forces in an 
increasingly complex operating environment in northeast Syria,” said Col. Wayne Marotto, 
spokesman for the Inherent Resolve mission. “The coalition forces remain steadfast in our 
commitment of ensuring the enduring defeatof Daesh [ISIS].” 
U.S. and Russian officials traded blame in late August after troops from both countries collided in 
northeast Syria while on patrol. A Russian vehicle sideswiped a light-armored American one, 
injuring four U.S. troops, while two Russian helicopters flew about 70 feet over top the altercation, 
U.S. officials said following the incident. 
For their part, Russian officials said U.S. troops were blocking their ground patrol and Russian 
military police "took the necessary measures to prevent an incident and to continue the fulfillment 
of their task.” Though the U.S. and Russian militaries have protocols to prevent such incidents, 
there have nevertheless been less worrisome altercations periodically over the past year. 
Russian forces are in the country backing Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and have long called for 
U.S. troops to leave. “The United States does not seek conflict with any other nation in Syria, but 
will defend Coalition forces if necessary," Urban added in his statement. 
Despite the loss of ISIS' territorial caliphate and the slaying of its leader last year in a U.S. raid, the 
extremist group has continued to launch deadly attacks in Iraq and Syria. There are roughly 500 
U.S. troops in Syria’s northeast guarding oil fields from ISIS and working alongside the Syrian 
Democratic Forces. 
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15. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
According to the text, 
[A] Urban said that four U.S. troops were left lightly injured last month. 
[B] the U.S. will stay in Syria even after the defeat of ISIS. 
[C] mechanized vehicles sent back to Syria this month were from the 30th Armored Brigade 
Combat Team. 
[D] the U.S. and Russia are at war in Syria’s territory. 
[E] ISIS is still strong despite having lost ISIS’ territorial caliphate last year in a U.S. raid. 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 16. 
 
Inside a home destroyed by the deadly explosion in Beirut 
 
From CNN's Aditi Sangal 
CNN's senior international correspondent Ben Wedeman went inside a home overlooking the port 
where Tuesday’s massive explosion took place in Beirut. The home was inhabited by an elderly 
couple. 
“When the blast happened, the walls just collapsed,” wounding the woman who was in bed, 
Wedeman reports. She is severely wounded and in the hospital. “The bed is still stained with her 
blood.” 
Looking out through the walls of the home that have collapsed, Wedeman describes the state of 
the warehouse that exploded. What was simply dry ground before, Wedeman says, is now a crater, 
with water flowing into the area. 
The Lebanese government has committed to conducting a transparent investigation into the 
explosion, but Wedeman says it is “scant consolation” to the families of those killed, injured and 
missing. 
Beirut's governor said in an interview earlier today that at least 300,000 people have been 
displaced from their homes by the blast. 
Adaptado de https://edition.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/lebanon-beirut-explosion-live-updates-dle-intl/index.html 
 
16. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
In the sentence ““When the blast happened, the walls just collapsed,” wounding the woman who 
was in bed, Wedeman reports.”, the word who refers to 
[A] the blast. [B] woman. [C] the walls. 
[D] Wedeman. [E] was. 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 17. 
 
Steve Jobs debuts the iPhone 
 
On January 9, 2007, Apple Inc. CEO Steve Jobs unveils the iPhone—a touchscreen mobile phone 
with an iPod, camera and Web-browsing capabilities, among other features—at the Macworld 
convention in San Francisco. Jobs, dressed in his customary jeans and black mock turtleneck, called 
the iPhone a “revolutionary and magical product that is literally five years ahead of any other 
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mobile phone.” When it went on sale in the United States six months later, on June 29, amidst 
huge hype, thousands of customers lined up at Apple stores across the country to be among the 
first to purchase an iPhone. 
In November 2007—by which point more than 1.4 million iPhones had been sold—Time magazine 
named the sleek, 4.8-ounce device, originally available in a 4GB, $499 model and an 8GB, $599 
model, its invention of the year. The iPhone went on sale in parts of Europe in late 2007, and in 
parts of Asia in 2008. In July 2008, Apple launched its online App Store, enabling people to 
download software applications that let them use their iPhones for games, social networking, 
travel planning and an every growing laundry list of other activities. Apple went on to over 10 
updated models of the iPhone. 
The iPhone helped turned Apple, which Jobs (1955-2011) co-founded with his friend Stephen 
Wozniak in California in 1976, into one of the planet’s most valuable corporations. In 2012, five 
years after the iPhone’s debut, more than 200 million had been sold. The iPhone joined a list of 
innovative Apple products, including the Macintosh (launched in 1984, it was one of the first 
personal computers to feature a graphical user interface, which allowed people to navigate by 
pointing and clicking a mouse rather than typing commands) and the iPod portable music player 
(launched in 2001), that became part of everyday modern life. 
Adaptado de https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/steve-jobs-debuts-the-iphone 
 
17. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
The sentence “When it went on sale in the United States six months later, on June 29, amidst huge 
hype, thousands of customers lined up at Apple stores across the country to be among the first to 
purchase an iPhone” means that people 
[A] were indifferent apple’s new launch. 
[B] just wanted to spend money on anything. 
[C] needed a device that plays music, takes photos and access the internet. 
[D] wanted cheaper cell phones like Apple’s iPhone. 
[E] Wanted the status of having a technologically advanced device. 
 
Texto para as questões 18 e 19 
 
About the Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group 
 
The Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group (the ATMG) is a coalition of organisations formed in 2009 to 
monitor the implementation of anti-slavery laws and policies by the UK Government. It places a 
particular focus on the protection of survivors of modern slavery. 
Member organisations include those who directly support vulnerable people affected by slavery, 
including trafficked children, men and women, across the UK, and those trapped in specific forms 
of exploitation such as forced labour, sexual exploitation or domestic slavery. 
The ATMG has two aims: 
• To tackle the various forms of trafficking and work strategically to ensure the voices of 
individuals affected by slavery are heard and advocated for. 
• To monitor the implementation of anti-slavery laws and policies by the UK Government, 
including the Government’s implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against 
Trafficking in Human Beings, and the subsequent EU Directive on tackling trafficking. 
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It seeks to achieve these aims by ensuring that: 
• All identified cases of trafficking are comprehensively dealt with by the authorities; 
• Survivors are provided with adequate care and support to recover from their experiences, 
including legal representation; 
• Perpetrators of modern slavery are effectively prosecuted, and; 
• Comprehensive policies are in place to prevent modern slavery practices and to facilitate the 
prosecution of perpetrators and support of survivors. 
The diversity of the ATMG’s membership has been a significant strength of the coalition. Thanks to 
the expertise of the coalition’s membership the group has been able and undertakeresearch and 
advocacy on a large range of slavery-related issues. 
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Real-people-real-lives-ATMG-report-1) 
 
18. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) According to paragraph 2, member organisations 
DON’T include 
a) organisations that directly support trafficked children, men and women, across the UK 
b) organisations that directly support homeless people 
c) organisations that directly support those trapped in sexual exploitation 
d) organisations that directly support those trapped in domestic slavery 
 
19. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
The main purpose of the text is to 
 
a) tell people that modern slavery is over. 
b) inform people about what has been done to fight against modern slavery. 
c) say that only third world countries are afected by modern slavery. 
d) make people believe modern slavery is unbeatable. 
 
Directions: Answer question 20 according to TEXT I. 
 
TEXT I 
 
Dance Like Your Doctor Is Watching: It's Great for Your Mind and Body 
 
A new study say that dancing may keep you healthy well into old age, potentially by reducing the 
risk of disability and dementia. 
The paper, published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, looked at how 
various forms of physical activity affected about 1,000 elderly Japanese women and their risk of 
becoming physically disabled, as measured by their ability to complete tasks like walking, bathing 
and dressing. The women were asked about their general health and the types of physical activity 
they regularly did, and were monitored for signs of disability over eight years. 
During that time, 130 women met the criteria for disability. The researchers found that physical 
activity generally helped women remain independent as they aged, but certain types of exercise 
seemed to have larger effects than others — and dancing led the pack. 
The researchers found that women who frequently danced had a 73% lower chance of becoming 
disabled during the study period, compared to women who did not. None of the other exercises, 
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including calisthenics, walking and yoga, had such a strong association after adjusting for 
demographic and health factors. 
The secret may be that dancing requires a variety of different skills, both mental and physical. 
“Dancing requires not only balance, strength, and endurance ability, but also cognitive ability: 
adaptability and concentration to move according to the music and partner, artistry for graceful 
and fluid motion, and memory for choreography,” the researchers write. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5484237/dancing-health-benefits/) 
 
20. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Read the sentences and mark the correct option. 
I. Dancing is only good for women's mental health. 
II. Regular dancing practice can reduce the risk of being disabled. 
III. Women who dance don't have health problems when they get old. 
The only correct sentence(s) is(are) 
a) II. 
b) III. 
c) I and II. 
d) I and III. 
 
Directions: Answer question 21 according to TEXT II. 
 
TEXT II 
 
What is Digital Art? 
The Digital Art World 
In its broadest extant sense, “digital art” refers to art that relies on computer-based digital 
encoding, or on the electronic storage and processing of information in different formats—text, 
numbers, images, sounds—in a common binary code. The ways in which art-making can 
incorporate computer-based digital encoding are extremely diverse. A digital photograph may be 
the product of a manipulated sample of visual information captured with a digital camera from a 
“live” scene or captured with a scanner from a traditional celluloid photograph. Music can be 
recorded and then manipulated digitally or created digitally with specialized computer software. 
And a movie is now the product of an extremely complex sequence of choices between analog and 
digital processes at the stages of image and sound capture or composition, image and sound 
editing, color correction or sound mastering, special effects production, and display or projection. 
The complexity of the digital cinema workflow draws attention to a further difference concerning 
whether reliance on the digital is restricted to the way an artwork is made or extends to the 
display of the work. A work may be made on a computer—say, a musical work composed with 
Sibelius or a play written in Microsoft Word—and yet meant for apprehension in a non-digital 
format—say, performance on traditional musical instruments or enactment on stage. Similarly, a 
movie could be captured and edited digitally before being printed on traditional 35mm 
photochemical film for projection in theaters. 
(Adapted from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/digital-art/) 
 
21. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Read the sentence. 
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“The ways in which art-making can incorporate computer-based digital encoding are extremely 
diverse.” (first paragraph) 
All the sentences below express a similar idea, EXCEPT 
a) art-making can integrate computer-based digital encoding in many different ways. 
b) art-making can assimilate computer-based digital encoding in various diverse ways. 
c) art-making can detach computer-based digital encoding in many different ways. 
d) art-making can include computer-based digital encoding in several diverse ways. 
 
Directions: Answer question 22 and 23 according to TEXT I. 
TEXT I 
Over 100,000 Flamingos Reportedly Descend on Mumbai Amid India's Strict Coronavirus 
Lockdown 
As people around the world stay inside to fight the spread of coronavirus, wild animals have 
begun to enjoy the newfound space. That appears to be what’s happened in the metropolitan 
region of Mumbai, India, where a record-breaking number of flamingos have migrated, painting 
the wetlands pink, according to local reports. 
The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) estimates that around 25% more flamingos have 
migrated to the region compared to last year, likely caused by the decrease in human activity, the 
Hindustan Times reports. The Science Times calculates around 150,000 flamingos have come to the 
area. 
India has been under a strict lockdown since March 25, which has required over a billion people 
to stay home and shutter all but essential services, in an attempt to stop the spread of COVID-19, 
the disease caused by novel coronavirus. On May 1, the Indian government extended the 
lockdown through May 18. 
Flamingos typically migrate to wetlands of the metropolitan region of Mumbai from November to 
May, Rhul Khot, the assistant director of the BNHS, told the Times. But this year’s lockdown “is 
giving these birds peace for roosting, no disturbance in their attempt to obtain food and overall 
encouraging habitat,” Deepak Apte, the director of the BNHS, explained, per Times. He added that 
the increase is also likely tied to a successful breeding season two years ago, as well as the 
destruction of wetlands on India’s eastern seafront that could be pushing the birds to the Mumbai 
region, per the Times. 
Khot also told the Times that an increase in “domestic sewage” from people staying at home 
during the lockdown “is helping the undisturbed formation of planktons, algae and microbenthos 
formation, which forms the food for flamingos and other wetland birds.” 
As the coronavirus pandemic has continued, animals have been spotted throughout the world in 
places that are usually dominated by humans. CNN reports that dolphins have swam in India’s 
Ganges river for the first time in years, and hundreds of monkeys have “descended” on Delhi as 
the city remains under lockdown. Cougars were reportedly spotted prowling the streets in 
Santiago, Chile, in April; wild Kashmiri goats meandered through on the town of Llandudno, Wales, 
in March. 
“Residentsare cooped up at home spending their mornings and evenings at their balconies taking 
photographs and videos of these relaxed birds,” Sunil Agarwal, a resident of Seawoods in Navi 
Mumbai, told the Times about the flamingos. “The lockdown will at least prompt people to focus 
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AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
on what is around them, which they had been taking for granted, and hopefully this site will be 
declared a flamingo sanctuary soon.” 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5831198/flamingos-coronavirus/) 
 
22. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Mark the alternative that DOESN’T complete the 
sentence below. 
Wildlife has been seen during the pandemic in 
a) Delhi, where monkeys were seen in the city during the lockdown. 
b) Ganges river, India, where dolphins were seen for the first time in years. 
c) Santiago, where cougars were seen in the forests outside the city. 
d) Llandudno, where kashmiri goats were seen rambling through the town. 
 
23. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Read the sentences and mark the correct option. 
I. Lockdown has been good to people and animals, who can have the city for themselves. 
II. People being cooped up at home is a good thing for animals that can enjoy new spaces. 
III. This number of flamingos migrating to the region of Mumbai was only possible due to humans 
destroying their original habitat. 
The only correct sentence(s) is(are) 
a) II. 
b) III. 
c) I and II. 
d) I and III. 
 
Directions: Answer question 24 according to TEXT II. 
TEXT II 
It's boom time for podcasts – but will going mainstream kill the magic? 
Fifteen years ago, when the word podcast was added to the dictionary, only the tech-savvy 
were listening. Now, as star names pile in, they’re big business. Can the quality survive? 
Hello friends! Do you fancy listening to “a new type of time-shifted amateur radio”? No? 
How about a brilliant podcast? Of course you do. 
Fifteen years ago, Macworld, a magazine for fans of Apple products, announced, with 
limited fanfare, that Apple was about to add podcasts to iTunes, its music download offer. 
Unfortunately, few readers knew what a podcast was, hence Macworld’s “time-shifted radio” 
definition. In June 2005, the idea of having thousands of ready-to-hear audio shows, anything 
from true-crime documentaries to all-chums-together comedy, to up-to-the-minute news to 
gripping drama to revealing interviews, and being able to listen to these shows whenever you 
want, wherever you are – well, that wasn’t quite happening. So Apple’s move didn’t seem 
important. Nor did the fact that the Oxford English Dictionary added “podcast” to its lexicon in 
the same year, after tech journalist Ben Hammersley came up with the term in 2004 (which was 
also the year the BBC launched a downloadable version of In Our Time). Podcasts were new. It 
takes time for the new to become everyday. 
Podcasts were mostly unheard of, except by the tech savvy. They were either downloadable 
versions of existing radio shows or they were chatty riffs, made by amateurs who knew how to 
upload their aural blogs online. Still, they were interesting. At least to me. Soon after podcasts’ 
iTunes debut, I started a new job as the Observer’s radio critic. Great job – except there was a 
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limited choice of programmes for me to review. Radio schedules rarely changed. Presenters 
stayed in their jobs for years. The BBC dominated speech radio, aside from phone-ins; hardly any 
other broadcaster had the money to make documentaries or drama. 
Podcasts rescued me from aural monotony; I wrote my first piece about them in the 
summer of 2006. Apparently Coke Machine Glow and The Dawn and Drew Show were the ones to 
look out for (me neither, now). The podcast I do recall from then is The Ricky Gervais Show; this 
dominated the brand new iTunes podcast chart for weeks. Initially free, in early 2006 it switched 
to a pay-per-listen model and proved both a forerunner and an outlier: since then, much podcast 
uptake has been driven by comedy, but most shows are still free to listeners, paid for by adverts 
that appear during episodes. 
Today, the iTunes podcast chart is bustling with old hands and new kids on the block. Here 
are No Such Thing As a Fish, Fearne Cotton’s Happy Place, That Peter Crouch Podcast, Katherine 
Ryan: Telling Everybody Everything. Here are sections for new and noteworthy, cultivating calm, 
keeping the kids busy. There are lists of the top 10 episodes, top 10 shows; all aside from the 19 
other regular categories: news, arts, true crime… So many podcasts! There are oodles of shows, 
too many to ever get through. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/may/03/its-boom-time-for-podcasts-but-will-going-mainstream-kill-the-
magic) 
 
24. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Read the sentence. 
“Podcasts were mostly unheard of, except by the tech savvy.” (paragraph 3) 
All the sentences below express a similar idea, EXCEPT 
a) Aside tech savvy people, podcasts were mostly unheard of. 
b) Aside tech savvy people, few knew podcasts. 
c) many people knew podcasts, except by the tech savvy. 
d) podcasts were mostly unheard of for those that were not tech savvy. 
 
Directions: Answer questions 25 to 27 according to TEXT I. 
TEXT I 
The WHO has redefined burnout as a syndrome linked to chronic work stress. There’s a 
difference between a busy workload and something more serious, writes Zaria Gorvett. 
If you said you were suffering from ‘burnout’ in the early 1970s, you might have raised some 
eyebrows. 
At the time, the term was used informally to describe the side effects that heavy drug users 
experienced: the general dimming of the mental faculties, for example, as was the case with many 
a party animal. However, when German-American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger first 
recognised the problem of burnout in New York City in 1974, at a clinic for addicts and homeless 
people, Freudenberger wasn’t thinking of drug users. 
The clinic’s volunteers were actually struggling, too: their work was intense, and many were 
beginning to feel demotivated and emotionally drained. Though they had once found their jobs 
rewarding, they had become cynical and depressed; they weren’t giving their patients the 
attention they deserved. Freudenberger defined this alarming new condition as a state of 
exhaustion caused by prolonged overwork – and borrowed the term ‘burnout’ to describe it. 
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Its popularity was explosive, and today burnout is a global phenomenon. Although statistics on 
the prevalence of burnout specifically are hard to come by, 595,000 people in the UK alone 
suffered from workplace stress in 2018. 
Sportspeople get it. YouTube stars get it. Entrepreneurs get it. Freudenberger himself eventually 
got it. Late last month, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the trendy problem 
will be recognised in the latest International Classification of Diseases manual, where it is 
described as a syndrome “resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully 
managed”. 
According to the WHO, burnout has three elements: feelings of exhaustion, mental detachment 
from one’s job and poorer performance at work. But waiting until you’re already fully burned out 
to do something about it doesn’t help at all –and you wouldn’t wait to treat any other illness until 
it was too late. 
 
Feeling the burn 
So how can you tell if you’re almost – but not quite – burned out? 
 “A lot of the signs and symptoms of pre-burnout would be very similar to depression,” says 
Siobhán Murray, a psychotherapist based in County Dublin, Ireland, and the author of a book 
about burnout, The Burnout Solution. Murray suggests looking out for creeping bad habits, such as 
increasedalcohol consumpution and relying on sugar to get you through the day. Also watch out 
for feelings of tiredness that won’t go away. “So that even if you do sleep well, by 10 in the 
morning you’re already counting down the hours to bed. Or not having the energy to exercise or 
go for a walk.” 
As soon as you begin to feel this way, Murray advises going to see your doctor. 
“Depression and pre-burnout are very similar, but as much as there was a lot of enthusiasm 
recently that burnout has now become a medical condition, it is still not – it is still classified as an 
occupational phenomenon.” It’s important to get help from a medical professional who can 
distinguish between the two, because although there are many treatment options for depression, 
burnout is still best tackled by making lifestyle changes. 
And how do you know if you’re really on the cusp of burnout, or just going through a challenging 
month? “Stress is really important, and anxiety is what motivates us to do well,” says Murray. “It’s 
when we’re continually exposed to stress and anxiety, that we’re not letting go, that it starts to 
turn into burnout.” 
Take that big project you’ve been working on. It’s normal to feel a kick of adrenaline when you 
think about it, and maybe it’s kept you up at night. But, Murray suggests, if you still feel restless 
once it’s over, it’s time to consider if you’re at risk of burnout. “It’s when you’re bringing that with 
you into the next stage of your day, and adding to it continually,” she says. 
Another classic sign of inching closer to burnout is cynicism: feeling like your work has little value, 
avoiding social commitments and becoming more susceptible to disappointment. 
“Someone on the brink will probably begin to feel emotionally numbed or mentally distant,” says 
Jacky Francis Walker, a psychotherapist based in London who specialises in burnout. “Like they 
don’t have the capacity to engage as much in the ordinary things of life.” 
She also recommends looking for the final tell-tale sign of burnout, which is the unshakeable 
feeling that the quality of your work is beginning to slip. “People say ‘but this isn’t me!’, ‘I’m not 
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like this’, ‘I can usually do x,y and z’. But obviously if they are in a state of physical depletion, then 
they aren’t in their normal range of capabilities,” says Walker. 
If this seems less than scientific, look to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), a test designed to 
measure burnout. The most widely used is the MBI-General Survey, which measures things like 
exhaustion, cynicism, and some how well you think you’re doing at work. 
First published in 1981, it has been cited hundreds of times in studies since. Although it’s typically 
used to measure burnout once it's in full swing, there’s no reason you can't apply it to see if you’re 
getting close. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190610-how-to-tell-if-youve-got-pre-burnout) 
 
25. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) According to the text, mark the correct alternative. 
a) The psychologist discovered burnout by accident while analizing drug addicts and homeless. 
b) The clinic’s volunteers were having a good time doing their work. 
c) Anyone is subject to get it if they reach exhaustion due to prolonged overwork and stress. 
d) Drug addicts were the first to suffer from burnout due to their stressful routine. 
 
26. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Mark the alternative that DOESN’T complete the 
sentence below. 
The psychologist Herbert Freudenberger 
a) was who first used the word burnout to describe this exhaustion condition. 
b) recognised the problem of burnout in 1974 in New York City for the first time. 
c) created this condition so that he would become known for discovering a disease. 
d) defined burnout as a state of exhaustion caused by prolonged overwork. 
 
27. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Mark the correct alternative to complete the sentence. 
According to the text, the burnout 
a) makes people happy because they feel that they are performing at their best. 
b) is best tackled and can be reversed by making lifestyle changes. 
c) has been responsible for many deaths around the world since the 1970’s. 
d) is responsible for kicks of adrenaline when you think about a project you’ve been working on. 
 
Directions: Answer questions 28 and 29 according to TEXT I. 
TEXT I 
My daughter wants to quit college, but still have us pay her rent 
The dilemma After a gap year, my daughter is in her first year at university. She really doesn’t find 
her course interesting and wants to quit. However, she wants to carry on living with her friends and 
has committed to renting a house with them. She thinks we should continue to pay her rent, which 
we would do if she was attending the course. It’s a financial struggle for us, and my husband is 
totally against it. 
I understand her reasoning – if we would fund her to do a degree she is not interested in and have 
a miserable year, why wouldn’t we pay her to live with her friends and do her own thing? We said 
she needs to work and figure out a way to pay her own way, but we’re wondering realistically what 
jobs will be available by September. 
I suggested going back, thinking hard about the modules she takes and seeing how it goes. But 
she says it’s trapping her and she will end up with a dead-end degree. She does not want to transfer 
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to another course as none of them interest her (her field is quite specialised). A fresh opinion on this 
would be welcome! 
Mariella replies I’ll try my best. We both know you’re set on a collision course with your child 
unless you capitulate. Continuing to subsidise your daughter to live with her friends despite the 
absence of any tangible plan sounds like a recipe for disaster. It’s a scenario fraught with bad 
messaging that’s likely to create damaging and unrealistic expectations. You don’t want to send 
out a signal that, no matter how little she invests in her own future, you’ll be there to cushion her 
fall. A dead-end degree is at least a journey towards a destination rather than an open-ended drift. 
I’m not pushing for the academic qualification, that’s her choice to make, but it certainly isn’t your 
responsibility to support her if she’s giving up on full-time education. 
Being free to make your own choices is partly predicated on being able to support yourself. 
Achieving that state of independence is why people embark on careers. Without the compulsion to 
make her own money your daughter could begin to make life choices based on whims and fads 
rather than realistic ambitions. Your bank balance doesn’t sound like it can sustain that level of 
investment in the long term, and nor should it have to. 
Having never enjoyed any form of financial cushion and being, I’ve come to realise, fundamentally 
lazy, I can’t imagine what would have motivated me to work unless I had to. The idea of loitering 
around pleasing myself has always appealed – so childhood penury was, in some ways, a privilege. 
I’m sure your daughter is a great girl and settling back and kicking up your heels during a global 
financial meltdown when jobs are scarce and prospects bleak might be a tempting solution. Who 
wouldn’t want to bolt the door and watch reruns of Friends with mates rather than stepping, 
seemingly futilely, out into the world? But now is the very time when the fightback has to begin 
and it’s your daughter’s generation who have the opportunity to reshape this world into 
something more sustainable. 
So, I’m not impressed with her assumption that the bank of Mum and Dad should continue to pay 
out following a gap year and an abandoned college degree. It’s a bleak period for anyone seeking 
employment and particularly the young, which makes it all the more illogical foryour daughter to 
abandon university when alternative possibilities are at a historic low. 
There are those who seem to adopt as their default position in life the right to make poor choices 
and then rely on others to subsidise them. It’s a bad habit to get into and not one you want to 
encourage. Any action you take now to get your daughter to look at the world more realistically 
may be painful in the short term, but it will pay dividends for her future. I think you’re right to 
suggest she looks around for a course that she has more interest in, or would enjoy more. The deal 
seems to me a simple one: we’ll subsidise you while you’re spending your time in pursuit of 
education, but once you quit to pursue other options that financial arrangement ends. I’m not 
suggesting there won’t be further occasions when she might seek out your financial support, but to 
exist on a daily basis on someone else’s earnings while not bothering to chase down a salary is the 
height of misplaced entitlement. 
This is not an easy time to be making your way in the world so a crash course in positive decision-
making, a chastening blast of reality and discovering the value of expanding options rather than 
shutting them down, could prove as worthy as her degree. We all want our children to be happy 
and to cushion them when they fall, so perhaps the toughest phase of parenting is actually when 
we set them free to make and then learn from their own mistakes. If your girl has a plan to share, 
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with a goal and an endpoint, I’d definitely give it a hearing, but if it’s as noncommittal as the one 
she’s currently offering, my answer would be a firm no. Then again my children think I’m horrible! 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/jun/28/dar-mariella-my-daughter-wants-to-quit-college-but-still-have-us-
pay-her-rent) 
 
28. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the alternative that DOESN’T complete the 
sentence below. 
According to Mariella, 
a) if the parents continue to pay for their daughter rent, it would lead to a disaster. 
b) parents should not send a message that they will be there to cushion their children’s fall no 
matter what. 
c) the daughter should go back and think hard about the modules she takes and how it goes. 
d) a dead-end degree is at least a journey towards a destination. 
 
29. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the sentence. 
“She thinks we should continue to pay her rent, which we would do if she was attending the 
course.” (paragraph 1) 
Thealternative that expresses a similar idea to the sentence above is: 
a) we must continue to pay her rent, which we will do because she is attending the course. 
b) She knows we have to continue to pay her rent, which we would do if she had attended the 
course. 
c) She thinks we have to keep paying her rent, which we would do if she wasn’t missing the 
classes. 
d) She thinks we might continue to pay her rent, which we could do if she was attending the 
course. 
 
Directions: Answer questions 30 to 34 according to TEXT I. 
TEXT I 
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We Need a COVID-19 Vaccine. We Also Need Transparency About Its 
Development 
 The authorization of an effective vaccine will mark perhaps the biggest turning 
point in the battle against coronavirus, but only if enough people are willing to get 
vaccinated. There have been substantial declines in public willingness to get vaccinated 
against COVID-19, despite immense, unprecedented public investments in vaccine 
development. In one survey, barely half of Americans said they would get the vaccine as 
soon as it was available, numbers that will undermine the benefits of even a highly effective 
vaccine. 
 It is no mystery why trust in a potential vaccine has plummeted. Operation Warp 
Speed, the Trump Administration’s $10 billion vaccine initiative, and other vaccine efforts 
have compressed processes that usually take years into months. This speed alone can raise 
concerns, but to date, that pace has been matched with strict adherence to the basic 
principles of scientific integrity. However, increasing politicization of key regulatory bodies 
and unexplained decisions in trial procedures threaten to undermine the entire project. 
We need a lot more transparency in this process to ensure that only a vaccine proven by 
data to be safe and effective will be approved. 
 Unlike medical treatments given to the sick, vaccines are given to healthy people. 
Historically, vaccines have been very safe and highly effective due to the rigor and care of 
both the scientists conducting the trials, and the regulators deciding whether to approve 
vaccines for public use. Even rare adverse events are carefully identified and studied. For 
vaccinations to work, we must be able to trust our doctors when they tell us it is time for 
a shot. 
 The coronavirus vaccine approval process has consequences that extend well 
beyond the pandemic. Driven by misinformation, so-called “vaccine hesitancy” has been 
growing for years. But as long as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) could be trusted 
to rigorously follow the science, most of us continued to get vaccinated. That has changed 
in the pandemic. The politicization of the FDA—apparent in the handling of the 
authorization of hydroxychloroquine and convalescent plasma, amongst others—has 
substantially damaged faith in the FDA. If the FDA again acts politically in approving a 
vaccine, it will further increase vaccine hesitancy. If safety concerns emerge after the 
vaccine has been approved, confidence in vaccines could be destroyed for a generation, in 
a single stroke, undoing a century of public health gains. 
 But restoring trust in FDA alone will not be enough. We need the companies making 
the vaccines, and the researchers studying the data, to act differently as well. Recently, 
one of the major trials—for the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine, supported by more than $1 
billion in public funds from Operation Warp Speed—was paused following a possible 
adverse reaction to the virus in a trial participant. But while the leadership of AstraZeneca 
mentioned the event in a private phone call with investors, they did not share the details 
with the public. A few days later, the trials resumed again, with little information of what 
changed. This will not do. Given that the American taxpayer has invested billions of dollars 
into these trials, and will foot the bill for billions more when the vaccine is released, the 
American people have a right to know much more. 
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 Beyond more fully disclosing safety events, the pharmaceutical companies working 
to develop a vaccine should publish the protocols of their clinical trial protocols, as 
Moderna did on Thursday, so we understand how the trials are structured, if changes have 
been made, and why. This is essential. Further, they should publish their analysis plan so 
the public can see what subgroups of patients the investigators had planned to study, why, 
and whether their approach is sound. Each time a trial is paused tell the public what 
happened, how it was investigated, and why the trial was allowed to continue. 
 Making these critical documents public would be unusual—they usually aren’t 
made public until a trial is published. However, these are extraordinary times and failure 
to secure confidence in a COVID-19 vaccine would have disastrous consequences. 
 With just weeks until the election, the pressure on the FDA to quickly approve a 
vaccine will mount. But the more the timeline is politicized, the more vaccine hesitancy 
will grow. Transparency can stem the tide of skepticism, even ifit cannot entirely 
extinguish the persistent current of misinformation and mistrust of science. We must 
practice aggressive transparency, and let the FDA’s career scientists, not political 
appointees, make the decisions about approvals and explain those decisions to the 
American people. 
 The public’s faith in the vaccine development process is a critical component of the 
vaccine, because vaccines don’t save lives, vaccinations do. For a vaccine to help bring this 
pandemic under control, hundreds of thousands of healthy Americans must undergo 
vaccination. We need to assure them that the vaccines work—and that they are safe. These 
are unprecedented times. They need unprecedented transparency. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5890216/transparency-covid-vaccine-development/) 
 
30. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, mark the correct alternative 
 
a) The importance of the vaccine is overrated 
b) The vaccine will only be effective if society acts together 
c) Despite the current numbers, there was an increase in the number of people who want to 
get vaccinated 
d) Despite the need, there have been no major investments in a vaccine 
 
31. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the INCORRECT alternative, according to the 
second paragraph 
 
a) The reason why there is not much confidence in an effective vaccine, regarding the 
population, is known 
b) There have been many efforts by the authorities to speed up the vaccine production 
process 
c) The acceleration of vaccine production was well regarded and desired by the 
population 
d) Despite efforts, the covid-19 vaccine production process must be openly shared with 
the population 
 
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32. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) We can deduce from the third paragraph that 
 
a) The vaccine can be compared to medicines 
b) The vaccine needs more attention and care when it comes to production, 
considering its path since its invention 
c) When there is an adverse event, there is no deepening of it in order to clarify 
d) The effectiveness of the vaccine depends on the adherence of the entire population 
 
33. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Considering the use of the verb tense, mark the 
alternative that completes the sentence below correctly 
 
The Food and Drug Administration 
 
a) Was more reliable before its politicization 
b) Will be more reliable after its politicization 
c) Is being very reliable with its new politicization 
d) Will not be less reliable with its new politicization 
 
34. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the option that shows the appropriate 
question tag for the sentence 
 
“If safety concerns emerge after the vaccine has been approved, confidence in 
vaccines could be destroyed for a generation”, ___? (paragraph 4) 
 
a) Can it 
b) Can’t it 
c) Couldn’t it 
d) Isn’t it 
 
Read Text I to do question 35 based on it. 
Text 1 
California wildfires: Hikers rescued as blazes rage 
Rescuers in California have been airlifting dozens of people trapped by a huge fire, as crews 
continue to battle blazes across the state. 
An initial attempt to rescue the group, stranded in mountain refuge for two nights, was 
abandoned on Monday night because of smoke from the Creek Fire. But helicopters were able 
to land early on Tuesday to whisk the hikers to safety. Fires in California have burned through a 
record 2m acres in recent weeks. 
In total, these blazes span an area larger than the US state of Delaware. On Tuesday, California's 
Department of Forestry and Fire Protection issued a "red flag" warning for nearly the entire 
state as well as parts of neighbouring states. The warning is meant to signal that the state is at 
maximum risk for fast-moving fires. 
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California is currently experiencing a historic heatwave. Los Angeles County reported its highest-
ever temperature of 49.4C (121F) on Sunday. Temperatures have dropped since then, but high 
winds are expected to fan the flames until Wednesday. More than 14,000 firefighters are 
battling 25 major blazes in California. 
The Creek Fire is the largest one. It broke out in the Sierra Mountains - a major tourism spot - 
north-east of Fresno on Friday. The fire has burned about 144,000 acres and none of it has been 
contained, Fresno fire chief Tony Escobedo said late on Monday. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54075478) 
35. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) bout the people who were rescued, it’s correct to 
affirm that 
a) They were comfortably waiting for the rescue team. 
b) They had to wait for a few hours to allow rescuers to get to their position. 
c) They were only rescued by a helicopter after 2 days in a mountain refuge. 
d) They were rescued by the firefighters’ truck after 2 days in the mountains. 
e) They are still waiting for the helicopter to airlift them. 
 
Read the text II to do item 36. 
TEXT II 
Climate change: Summers could become 'too hot for humans' 
Millions of people around the world could be exposed to dangerous levels of heat stress - a 
dangerous condition which can cause organs to shut down. 
Many live in developing countries, and do jobs that expose them to potentially life 
threatening conditions. These include being out in the open on farms and building sites or 
indoors in factories and hospitals. Global warming will increase the chances of summer 
conditions that may be "too hot for humans" to work in. 
When we caught up with Dr Jimmy Lee, his goggles were steamed up and there was 
sweat trickling off his neck. An emergency medic, he's labouring in the stifling heat of tropical 
Singapore to care for patients with Covid-19. There's no air conditioning - a deliberate choice, to 
prevent the virus being blown around - and he notices that he and his colleagues become "more 
irritable, more short with each other". 
And his personal protective equipment, essential for avoiding infection, makes things 
worse by creating a sweltering 'micro-climate' under the multiple layers of plastic. "It really hits 
you when you first go in there," Dr Lee says, "and it's really uncomfortable over a whole shift of 
eight hours - it affects morale." 
One danger, he realises, is that overheating can slow down their ability to do something 
that's vital for medical staff - make quick decisions. Another is that they may ignore the warning 
signs of what's called heat stress - such as faintness and nausea - and keep on working till they 
collapse. 
What is heat stress? 
It's when the body is unable to cool down properly so its core temperature keeps rising to 
dangerous levels and key organs can shut down. It happens when the main technique for getting 
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rid of excess heat - the evaporation of sweat on the skin - can't take place because the air is too 
humid. And as Dr Lee and other medics have found, the impermeable layers of personal 
protection equipment (PPE) - designed to keep the virus out - have the effect of preventing the 
sweat from evaporating. 
According to Dr Rebecca Lucas, who researches physiology at the University of 
Birmingham, the symptoms can escalate from fainting and disorientation to cramps and failure 
of the guts and kidneys. "It can become very serious as you overheat, and in all areas of the 
body." 
How can we spot it? 
A system known as the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) measures not only heat but 
also humidity and other factors to give a more realistic description of the conditions. Back in the 
1950s, the US military used it to work out guidelines for keeping soldiers safe.When the WBGT reaches 29C, for example, the recommendation is to suspend exercise 
for anyone not acclimatised. Yet that's the level Dr Lee and his colleagues are regularly 
experiencing at Singapore's Ng Teng Fong General Hospital. And at the top of the scale - when 
the WBGT registers 32C - the US says strenuous training should stop because the risk becomes 
"extreme". 
But levels that high have recently been recorded inside hospitals in Chennai in India by 
Prof Vidhya Venugopal of the Sri Ramachandra University. She's also found workers in a salt pan 
enduring a WBGT that climbs during the day to 33C - at which point they have to seek shelter. 
And in a steel plant, a ferocious level of 41.7C was recorded, the workers being among the most 
vulnerable to what she calls "the huge heat". 
"If this happens day-in, day-out, people become dehydrated, there are cardiovascular 
issues, kidney stones, heat exhaustion," Prof Venugopal says. 
What solutions are there? 
According to Dr Jimmy Lee, "it's not rocket science". People need to drink plenty of fluid 
before they start work, take regular breaks and then drink again when they rest. His hospital has 
started laying on "slushie" semi-frozen drinks to help the staff cool down. But he admits that 
avoiding heat stress is easier said than done. 
For him and his colleagues, going for rests involves the laborious process of changing out 
of PPE and then back into a new set of equipment. There's a practical problem as well - "some 
people do not want to drink so they can avoid having to go to the toilet," he says. And there's a 
professional desire to keep working whatever the difficulties so as not to let colleagues and 
patients down at a time of crisis. 
People who are highly motivated can actually be at the greatest risk of heat injury, says 
Dr Jason Lee, an associate professor in physiology at the National University of Singapore. He's a 
leading member of a group specialising in the dangers of excessive heat, the Global Heat Health 
Information Network, which has drawn up guidelines to help medics cope with Covid-19. 
It's spearheaded by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Meteorological 
Organization (WMO) and the US weather and climate agency Noaa. Dr Lee says that as well as 
measures like rest and fluids - and shade for outdoor workers - a key strategy for resisting heat 
stress is to be fit. "This climate change will be a bigger monster and we really need a 
coordinated effort across nations to prepare for what is to come. "If not," he says, "there'll be a 
price to be paid." 
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(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53415298) 
 
36. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) According to the text, mark the INCORRECT option 
a) Heat stress is dangerous for indoors and outdoors workers. 
b) It’s not an easy task to work in hot conditions even if you keep hydrated. 
c) Dr. Jimmy Lee knows exactly what to do to be able to work in hot humid environments. 
d) Heat stress is caused by excessive sweating in hot and humid days. 
e) Heat stress can take place when the WTBG reaches 29C. 
 
Observe this comic strip to do item 37 
 
 (Adapted from https://www.thecomicstrips.com/index.php?iid=184107) 
 
37. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Where is the irony in this comic strip? 
 
a) In the fact that she compared a drop, with the ocean 
b) In the man’s sarcasm 
c) In the fact that his responses were very long 
d) In the fact that the man created a connection between a drop and a dribble to respond 
the woman 
e) In the fact that the man didn’t understand what the woman was asking 
 
38. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the sentence and choose the option that 
rewrites the sentence, correctly 
 
I will study now and my brother will study later 
 
a) I will study but my brother will not 
b) My brother and I are both studying right now 
c) Me and my brother are going to study today, but I’ll do it first 
d) My brother and I aren’t going to study today 
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e) Me and my brother are going to study tomorrow 
 
Directions: Read the text below and answer question 39 according to it. 
TEXT 
5 thoughts on the tragedy of Minneapolis 
The killing of George Floyd is a tragedy that is now compounding into other tragedies. It's 
almost impossible to see clearly at a time of such confusion, but here are five thoughts on 
what's happening in Minneapolis and across the US. 
1. There's desperation across America, but it's most acute in urban black America, which has 
been hit hardest by our twin catastrophes. COVID-19 infection and death rates are highest 
there, and so are job losses. 
2. The apparent inability of police to treat black and white protesters the same is a genuine 
problem. It's great that police handled the provocative, heavily armed anti-lockdown 
protestors a few weeks ago with such restraint. Nothing escalated and no one was hurt. Those 
protesters were almost all white, and the cops they encountered were too. The Minneapolis 
protests, meanwhile, included lots of black protesters —and lots of young black men — and 
were met by mostly white cops. These protests began peacefully but quickly got out of control. 
Now there's looting and a police station on fire. The protesters' violence is inexcusable, but a 
calmer police response aimed at defusing the situation might have worked. It's worth asking 
why cops seem to have a harder time soothing tense situations with black crowds. 
3. Crowds make people into their worst, dumbest selves. The looting, arson, and violence are 
tragically stupid: They help no one and improve nothing. But the mania of crowds can bring 
out the ugliest in us. 
4. Urban rioting in America is often set off by the clumsy and often slow legal response to police 
violence. It's not necessarily the violence itself. It's the inability of the legal system to address 
the violence in a way that feels fair to communities. Minneapolis fired the four cops involved 
in the death of George Floyd immediately, which was a swift and direct response. The violent 
protests occurred when prosecutors took their time in deciding whether to charge the officers. 
Even though videos of this appalling incident made a criminal charge seem warranted, the 
prosecutors' caution and care was understandable. The stakes are high: Charge cops too 
hastily or recklessly and risk breakdown between police and prosecutors. Never charge bad 
cops and sacrifice justice and lose the public trust. 
5. It's a tragedy that we have a president who doesn't know how to calm a situation like this, and 
in fact wants to inflame it. 
(Adapted from https://www.insider.com/tragedies-of-minneapolis-george-floyd-2020-5) 
 
39. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
The passage “Urban rioting in America is often set off by the clumsy and often slow legal 
response to police violence. It's not necessarily the violence itself. It's the inability of the legal 
system to address the violence in a way that feels fair to communities.” (paragraph 5) suggests 
that 
a) people are often more angry with the legal system about how they address violence. 
b) police violence is the most important factor that generates urban rioting in America. 
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c) the legal system addresses violence in a way that feels fair to communities in America. 
d) clumsy and slow legal response to urban rioting is what causes police violence. 
 
Read text I in order to answer item 40. 
Helping at a hospital 
 
 Every year many young people finish school and then take a year off before they start work orgo to college. Some of them go to other countries and work as volunteers. Volunteers give their 
time to help people. For example, they work in schools or hospitals, or they help with 
conservation. 
 Mike Coleman is 19 and ________ in Omaha, Nebraska, in the United States. He wants to 
become a teacher but now he ________ in Namibia. He's working in a hospital near Katima 
Mulilo. He says, "I'm working with the doctors and nurses here to help sick people. I'm not a 
doctor but can do a lot of things to help. For example, I help carry people who can't walk. 
Sometimes I go to villages in the mobile hospital, too. There aren't many doctors here so they 
need help from people like me. don't get any money, but that's OK! I'm not here for the 
money." 
 "I'm staying here for two months, and I'm living in a small house with five other volunteers. The 
work is hard and the days are long, but I'm enjoying my life here. I'm learning a lot about life in 
Southern Africa and about myself! When I finish the two months' work, I want to travel in and 
around Namibia for three weeks. For example, I want to see the animals in the Okavango Delta 
in Botswana." 
http:// vyre-legacy-access.cambridge.org 
40. (CN – 2017) Read the fragment from the text. 
 
"When I finish the two months' work, I want to travel in and around Namibia for three weeks." 
(lines 19, 20 and 21) 
 
Because it is a plan, it is possible to rewrite the sentence substituting the underlined part for: 
 
(A) am traveling. 
(B) like traveling. 
(C) am going to travel. 
(D) can travel. 
(E) traveled. 
 
Read the text II in order to answer item 41. 
 
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My name is Patrick. I _______ on vacation to Brazil last Summer, and I ___________ in a five-
star hotel in front of the beach in Rio de Janeiro. 
I went to Rio by plane and I ___________ a month there. I __________ a lot of people and we a 
great time! I want to go back to Brazil as soon as possible. 
 
41. (CN – 2017) According to text II it's correct to say that the statements are true, EXCEPT: 
 
(A) He liked the trip and intends to visit Brazil again. 
(B) He flew to Rio de Janeiro to spend his vacation there. 
(C) Patrick had a great time with many people. 
(D) He traveled to Rio de Janeiro last summer. 
(E) He spent thirty days in a hotel near the city of Rio de Janeiro. 
 
Directions: Read the text below and answer questions 42 and 43 according to it. 
 
TEXT Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ by Valerie Strauss 
 
 
 The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized 30 years ago when we now 
worldrenowned psychologist Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The 
Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which detailed a new model of human intelligence that went 
beyond the traditional view that there was a single kind that could be measured by standardized 
tests. 
Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, logical-
mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he later added an 
eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The theory became highly 
popular with K-12¹ educators around the world seeking ways to reach students who did not 
respond to traditional approaches, but over time, ‘multiple intelligences’ somehow became 
synonymous with the concept of ‘learning styles’. In this important post, Gardner explains why 
the former is not the latter. 
It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple intelligences’. I have been gratified 
by the interest shown in this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, museums, and 
business around the world. But one unanticipated consequence has driven me to distraction 
and that’s the tendency of many people, including persons whom I cherish, to credit me with 
the notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple intelligences’ with ‘learning styles’. It’s 
high time to relieve my pain and to set the record straight. 
First a word about ‘MI theory’. On the basis of research in several disciplines, including the study 
of how human capacities are represented in the brain, I developed the idea that each of us has a 
number of relatively independent mental faculties, which can be termed our ‘multiple 
intelligences’. The basic idea is simplicity itself. A belief in a single intelligence assumes that we 
have one central, all-purpose computer, and it determines how well we perform in every sector 
of life. In contrast, a belief in multiple intelligences assumes that human beings have 7 to 10 
distinct intelligences. 
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Even before I spoke and wrote about ‘MI’, the term ‘learning styles’ was being bandied about in 
educational circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all children (indeed all of 
us) have distinctive minds and personalities. Accordingly, it makes sense to find out about 
learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are appropriate, that they value, and above 
all, are effective. 
Two problems: first, the notion of ‘learning styles’ is itself not coherent. Those who use this 
term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are 
recognized/ assessed/ exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is 
‘impulsive’. Does that mean that Johnny is ‘impulsive’ about everything? How do we know this? 
What does this imply about teaching? Should we teach ‘impulsively’, or should we compensate 
by ‘teaching reflectively’? What of learning style is ‘right-brained’ or visual or tactile? Same 
issues apply. 
 Problem #2: when researchers have tried to identify learning styles, teach consistently with 
those styles, and examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the learning style 
analysis produces more effective outcomes than a ‘one size fits all approach’. Of course, the 
learning style analysis might have been inadequate. Or even if it is on the mark, the fact that 
one intervention did not work does not mean that the concept of learning styles is fatally 
imperfect; another intervention might have proved effective. Absence of evidence does not 
prove non-existence of a phenomenon; it signals to educational researchers: ‘back to the 
drawing boards’. 
Here’s my considered judgment about the best way to analyze this lexical terrain: Intelligence: 
We all have the multiple intelligences. But we signed out, as a strong intelligence, an area where 
the person has considerable computational power. Style or learning style: A hypothesis of how 
an individual approaches the range of materials. If an individual has a ‘reflective style’, he/she is 
hypothesized to be reflective about the full range of materials. We cannot assume that 
reflectiveness in writing necessarily signals reflectiveness in one’s interaction with the others. 
Senses: Sometimes people speak about a ‘visual’ learner or an ‘auditory’ learner. The 
implication is that some people learn through their eyes, others through their ears. This notion 
is incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they make use of 
entirely different cognitive faculties. What matters is the power of the mental computer, the 
intelligence that acts upon that sensory information once picked up. 
These distinctions are consequential. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or a ‘visual 
learner’, that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may be unhelpful, 
at best, and ill-conceived at worst. 
In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and that 
strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in any otherintelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences. There are common sense ways of 
assessing our own intelligences, and even if it seems appropriate, we can take a more formal 
test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or selfassessors, we can decide how best to make 
use of this information. 
(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet) 
 
Glossary: 
 
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1. K-12 educators defend the adoption of an interdisciplinary curriculum and methods for 
teaching with objects. 
 
42. (AFA – 2017) In the sentence “there was a single kind that could be measured by 
standardized tests”, it is possible to find an option to substitute the pronoun accordingly 
in 
 
a) when. 
b) which 
c) how. 
d) whom. 
 
43. (AFA – 2017) Mark the alternative in which the problems described in paragraphs 6 and 7 
are correctly summarized. 
 
a) The idea of teaching distinct leaning styles and their consistence were questionable concepts 
when researches started. 
b) Educational researchers have found that an impulsive learning style causes problems in its 
outcomes. 
c) There are proofs that different learning styles exist and produce positive results. 
d) The notion of learning styles and the outcomes observed when teaching based on them need 
further studies. 
 
Directions: Answer question 44 according to the text. 
 
TEXT 
 
SpaceX’s Starship SN8 Prototype Soars on Epic Test Launch, with Explosive Landing 
Despite its “rapid unplanned disassembly,” the company’s highest-yet flight of its next-generation rocket was a success 
 
 The latest Starship prototype, a shiny silver vehicle known as SN8, launched on an epic 
high-altitude test flight today (Dec. 9), taking off at 5:45 p.m. EST (2245 GMT) from SpaceX’s 
facility near the South Texas village of Boca Chica. The goal was to soar about 7.8 miles (12.5 
kilometers) into the sky, perform some complex aerial maneuvers—including a “belly flop” like 
the one the final Starship will perform when coming back to Earth on operational flights—and 
then land safely near the launch stand. 
 The 165-foot-tall (50 meters) SN8 appeared to notch all of these big milestones, except for 
the final one: The vehicle hit its landing mark but came in too fast, exploding in a dramatic fireball 
6 minutes and 42 seconds after liftoff. SN8’s rapid unplanned disassembly did nothing to dampen 
the spirits of SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk, who was thrilled by the results of today’s flight. 
 “Fuel header tank pressure was low during landing burn, causing touchdown velocity to be 
high & RUD, but we got all the data we needed! Congrats SpaceX team hell yeah!!” Musk tweeted 
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this evening. “Mars, here we come!” he added in another tweet. Musk was not expecting 
complete, wire-to-wire success today; he had previously given SN8 (short for “Serial No. 8”) just 
a 1-in-3 chance of landing in one piece. 
 That’s because today’s flight was far more complex and demanding than any other Starship 
prototype test. The previous altitude record was about 500 feet (150 m), achieved by three 
different Starship vehicles—the stubby Starhopper, SN5 and SN6. 
 All three of those predecessors were pretty bare-bones; they looked like flying silos and 
featured just one of SpaceX’s next-generation Raptor engines. SN8 was much more capable and 
complex. It was powered by three Raptors and had a nose cone and stabilizing body flaps. These 
new pieces did their jobs well today, Musk said in another tweet: “Successful ascent, switchover 
to header tanks & precise flap control to landing point!” 
 SpaceX is developing Starship to carry people and cargo to the moon, Mars and other 
distant destinations. The system consists of two elements: a stainless-steel spacecraft called 
Starship, which will sport six Raptors, and a giant rocket known as Super Heavy, which will have 
about 30 of the engines. 
 Both of these vehicles will be fully and rapidly reusable, Musk has said. Starship will be 
capable of making many trips from Earth to Mars and back, and each Super Heavy will rack up 
many launches during its life. (Starship will be powerful enough to launch itself off the moon and 
Mars, but it will need Super Heavy to get off our much more massive Earth.) 
 SpaceX wants Starship and Super Heavy to be operational soon. NASA’s Artemis program 
is considering using Starship to land astronauts on the lunar surface, for example, and the first of 
those touchdowns is targeted for 2024. And Musk recently said he’s confident that SpaceX will 
launch its first crewed Mars mission by 2026, with the milestone possible in 2024 “if we’re lucky.” 
 SpaceX aims to meet this ambitious timeline by iterating fast and flying often. The company 
is building multiple Starship prototypes at its South Texas site, and we should expect those coming 
vehicles to get off the ground fairly soon—especially SN9, which is apparently nearly done. 
 SN9 and SN10 will be quite similar to the three-engine SN8, featuring “many small 
improvements” over the vehicle that flew today, Musk said via Twitter on Nov. 24. “Major 
upgrades are slated for SN15," he said in another tweet that day. 
 Today’s launch was originally scheduled to take place yesterday (Dec. 8). But SN8 detected 
something abnormal with one or more of its Raptors and aborted the attempt automatically less 
than two seconds before liftoff. 
(Adapted from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/spacexs-starship-sn8-prototype-soars-on-epic-test-launch-with-explosive-landing/) 
 
44. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
Mark the alternative in which the verb “to come” (as in “Mars, here we come!”, paragraph 3) is 
applied in the sentence correctly. 
a) When it come to technology, SpaceX’s Starship SN8 Prototype is one of the most modern 
vehicles. 
b) Structural changes comes to the prototypes after they are tested. 
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c) The prototypes not always comes back to Earth. 
d) Massive consequences are coming from the prototype’s explosive landing. 
e) New tests is coming to SpaceX’s Starship SN8 Prototype. 
 
Biden's VP pick: Why Kamala Harris embraces her biracial roots 
US Senator Kamala Harris - a potential Democratic vice-presidential candidate - is known as a 
prominent African-American politician. But she has also embraced her Indian roots. 
"My name is pronounced "Comma-la", like the punctuation mark," Kamala Harris writes in her 
2018 autobiography, The Truths We Hold. 
The California senator, daughter of an Indian-born mother and Jamaican-born father, then 
explains the meaning of her Indian name. 
"It means 'lotus flower', which is a symbol of significance in Indian culture. A lotus grows 
underwater, its flowers rising above the surface while the roots are planted firmly in the river 
bottom." 
Early in life, young Kamala and her sister Maya grew up in a house filled with music by black 
American artists. Her mother would sing along to Aretha Franklin's early gospel, and her jazz-
loving father, who taught economics at Stanford University, would play Thelonius Monk and 
John Coltrane on the turntable. 
Shyamala Gopalan and Donald Harris separated when Ms Harris was five. Raised primarily by 
her Hindu single mother, a cancer researcher and a civil rights activist, Kamala, Maya and 
Shyamala were known as 'Shyamala and the girls'. 
Her mother made sure her two daughters were aware of their African-American background. 
"My mother understood very well she was raising two black daughters. She knew that her 
adopted homeland would see Maya and me as black girls, and she was determined tomake sure 
we would grow into confident black women," she wrote. 
"Harris grew up embracing her Indian culture, but living a proudly African-American life," wrote 
the Washington Post last year. 
When she ran for a senate seat in 2015, the Economist magazine described her as the "daughter 
of an Indian cancer researcher and a Jamaican economics professor, she is the first woman, first 
African-American and first Asian attorney general of California". 
The 55-year-old senator says she has not grappled with her identity and describes herself simply 
as "an American". 
Ms Harris writes her mother kept working right up to the moment of delivery of both her 
daughters - "in the first case her water broke when she was at the lab; and the other while she 
was making apple strudel". Back in India, Gopalan had been raised in a household of "political 
activism and civic leadership". 
Her grandmother never attended high school, but was a community organiser taking in victims 
of domestic violence and educating women about contraception. Her grandfather, PV Gopalan, 
was a senior diplomat in the Indian government who lived in Zambia after it gained 
independence, and he helped settle refugees. 
In her book, she doesn't say too much about her trips to India. But she writes she is close to her 
mother's brother and two sisters, with whom she kept in touch through long distance calls and 
letters and periodic trips. Ms Harris's mother died in 2009, at age 70. 
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US Democratic Party activists like Shekar Narasimhan says her candidacy would be "seismic" for 
the Indian-American community. "She's a woman, she biracial, she will help win the election for 
Biden, she appeals to various communities and she's really smart." 
"Why should Indian-Americans not be proud of her? It's a signal that we are coming of age." 
Adapted from (https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-53745141) 
 
45. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
The word in bold in “with whom she kept in touch through long distance calls and letters and 
periodic trips.” (paragraph 13) refers to 
a) Ms. Harris’ uncle and two aunts. 
b) Ms. Harris. 
c) Ms. Harris’s mother. 
d) Ms. Harris’ brother and sisters. 
e) India. 
 
46. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
The Paragraph 9 mentions that the Senator 
a) was subject of the Economist magazine when she ran for the senate in 2015. 
b) was described by the Economist magazine as daughter of Shyamala Gopalan and Donald 
Harris. 
c) is the first African-American female to be a Senator in the US. 
d) is 55 years old. 
e) she is the first woman, first African-American and first Asian Senator of California. 
 
QUESTÕES DESAFIO 
 
Based on the text below, answer the first question that follow it. 
 
Covid babies don't have to be the unlucky generation. But they must be helped 
 
 A year into this pandemic, there are babies now learning to walk and talk who have never 
known anything but life under the shadow of Covid, and preschoolers who can barely remember 
a world before it. Doctors’ children have had to learn not to touch Mummy when she gets in 
from work, until she’s had a shower to wash off any last possible trace of danger. Thanks to 
popular toddler demand, you can now buy masks for dolls. 
 It’s perfectly normal for kids to reflect what’s happening around them by playing quarantine 
with stuffed animals, but normal too for adults to wonder uncomfortably whether all this leaves 
a lasting mark. How much will it matter in years to come that, as the minister for loneliness 
Diana Barran recently put it, there are toddlers being raised by shielding parents who have 
never had a playdate? Will Covid babies grow up solitary creatures, used to entertaining 
themselves, or warier of the strangers they so rarely meet and interact with? Taking a tiny 
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bundle out in public used to mean an endless succession of random older women cooing over 
the pram, or strangers pulling faces to entertain a bored baby in a checkout queue. But now 
passersby daren’t get close, and other shoppers are hidden behind masks. 
 This week MPs were presented with some early findings from a project led by the First 1001 
Days Movement, an alliance of early-years charities and professionals, tracking the lives of 
under-twos growing up through a pandemic. A survey of children’s service providers it 
commissioned found 98% thought the babies and toddlers they worked with had been affected 
by higher parental stress and anxiety, while 92% had seen fearful families effectively cutting 
themselves off from the outside world, skipping routine appointments or not wanting to leave 
the house. Nine in 10 had observed children being played with less, or being less active. 
Heartbreakingly, more than a quarter said lockdown left the children they worked with more 
exposed to domestic conflict, abuse or neglect. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/22/covid-babies-unlucky-generation-help-lockdown) 
 
47. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, which option is correct? 
 
a) There are children who have not yet experienced life outside the pandemic 
b) The pandemic has not affected the lives of any children, as they do not understand what is 
happening 
c) The pandemic, in a way, positively impacted the babies' lives 
d) The children's routine has not changed in this pandemic 
e) Characteristics of the pandemic did not impact areas such as sales 
 
48. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the sentence below 
correctly? 
 
It is important that we welcome ____ people, so that ____ social problem is partially solved. 
 
a) This / these 
b) These / this 
c) These / those 
d) This / those 
e) These / these 
 
Based on the text below, answer the three questions that follow it. The paragraphs of the text 
are numbered. 
What Leads Us to this Belief that Connections to and Experiences with the Natural World Are 
So Important? 
1 There is an emerging awareness and concern that children are less and less likely to have 
experiences that involve the simplest interactions with nature—the plants, animals, and the 
earth around them—as a part of their continuous learning process. As we look at the children 
around us, we observe them living increasingly unhealthy lifestyles. For many, childhood is 
spent overly plugged in and programmed inside their homes, schools, and community settings 
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in humanmade environments, eliminating the out-of-doors, the benefits of nature, and all that 
exists in the natural environment (Wike, 2006). 
2 Even a generation ago, children spent more time outside, because it was the normal thing 
for children to do. Adults did not question the value of time spent out-of-doors and had much 
less anxiety about the risks involved. Children walked and played outdoors and planted things in 
the dirt; they rode their bikes, invented games, and spent the majority of their time in less 
structured activities and natural environments. Very young children carried out these activities 
in their yards and immediate neighborhoods. Urban environments offered the occasional 
playground and vacant lot. Older children roamed beyond their neighborhoods to adjacent 
lands, streams, woods, or urban parks. Exposure to the natural world brought opportunities for 
children to make sense of their surroundings and to develop their own sense of “place.” 
3 Over a relatively short time, we adults have allowed this connection to the natural world 
to slip gradually away from children’s lives. Evidence of this trend surroundsus: 
Ø Children now spend nearly 30 hours a week watching a TV or computer screen, 
listening to something through headphones or, for older children, using cell 
phones or media players; 
Ø Children experience increasingly timed and structured family lifestyles with less 
emphasis on unstructured outside time. Particularly in more densely populated 
countries, urban growth has eliminated green spaces and natural environments. 
Fewer families are vacationing in national parks (Fish, 2007). Together these 
changes keep many children separated from nature and without time for solitude 
or um-programmed experiences. 
Ø Instructional time outside, recess, or unstructured playtime is being eliminated 
from the school day (Clements, 2007). 
Ø Outdoor play spaces or playgrounds have become safer at some sites due to 
national playground standards, but in other locations, play spaces have been 
eliminated or often lack the natural elements that encourage a different kind of 
interaction among children (Moore & Wong, 1997). 
Ø The curriculum for children in centers and schools is becoming narrower, with 
more time spent on teacher-directed lessons and testing and less time spent 
investigating and learning through activities that build on a child’s sense of 
wonder, curiosity, and the benefit of first-hand experiences (Hyson, 2003; 
McMurrer, 2007; Marcon, 1999). 
4 Consequently, we have gradually found our children growing up in a clash of optimal and 
minimal learning opportunities. Optimally, technology opens worlds never before so readily 
available to children; however, the opening of this side of learning has contributed to shutting 
the door to children’s access to the more natural environment that gives a lasting attachment to 
children’s sense of place and their awareness of the habitat and environment nearest to them. 
This lack of connection can engender both apathy and ignorance in children’s early perceptions 
of the world around them and their roles in enjoying, learning from, and protecting it. 
(Adapted from: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Call_to_Action.pdf) 
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49. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) According to the text, which option completes the 
sentence below correctly? 
In the past, it was the normal thing for children to ______. 
(A) spent more time outside 
(B) spend more time indoors 
(C) question the value of time spent out-of-doors 
(D) spend more time outdoors 
(E) spend their times in programmed inside activities 
 
50. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) According to the text, which option is correct? 
(A) Today children have the maximum and the minimum at the same time when it comes to 
learning opportunities. 
(B) In the past, education was better beacause children had access to more outside time at 
schools. 
(C) Thanks to technology education is better today, since children have instant access to things 
other generations didn’t. 
(D) Technology access will give children the necessary will to fight for the planet environment in 
the future. 
(E) The fact the unstructure playtime is being eliminated from the school day is a good thing for 
raising awareness of the habitat nearest to the children. 
 
51. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) According to the text, which option is correct? 
(A) Children now spend around 6 hours a day watching TV or computer screen or doing something 
technology-related. 
(B) Children spend more and more time in structured family lifestyles emphasizing outdoor 
activities. 
(C) There is a concern that children have less and less contact with nature and that leads them to 
an unhealthy lifestyle. 
(D) Children’s structured playtime is being eliminated from their school day. 
(E) Children don’t play outside in the nature because National playground standards eliminated 
natural spaces from playgrounds. 
 
52. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence that is correct. 
(A) If your car didn't start, you could called a mechanic. 
(B) If your car wouldn't have started, you could call a mechanic. 
(C) If your car hadn't started, you could be able to call a mechanic. 
(D) If your car won’t start, you can call a mechanic. 
(E) If your car doesn’t start, you could called a mechanic. 
 
53. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence that is correct. 
(A) If you didn't feel well, you could called a doctor. 
(B) If you wouldn't have felt well, you could call a doctor. 
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(C) If you hadn't felt well, you could be able to call a doctor. 
(D) If you won’t feel well, you can call a doctor. 
(E) If you don’t start, you could called a doctor. 
 
54. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence that is correct. 
(A) If you didn't like doing it, you could done something different. 
(B) If you wouldn't have liked doing that, you could do something different. 
(C) If you hadn't liked doing that, you could be able to do something different. 
(D) If you won’t like doing it, you can do something different. 
(E) If you don’t like doing it, you could done something different. 
 
55. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option is incorrect? 
a) A pandemic is affecting many people 
b) Tell the girls that they are not responsible 
c) A couple of my friends plans to travel this year 
d) I want to finish school 
e) Where are those pants I lent you? 
 
56. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which is the correct option to complete the 
sentence below? 
 
You must _____ the lights if you don't want a very expensive electricity bill 
 
a) Turn away 
b) Turn off 
c) Turn down 
d) Turn over 
e) Turn out 
 
57. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which is the correct option to complete the 
sentence below? 
 
Carol _____ a great job at the company, if she continues this way, she will get a promotion 
 
a) Does 
b) Is doing 
c) Had done 
d) Will do 
e) Has done 
 
Doctors Know Best 
By Ted Spiker 
 
Along with all the disease stomping, heart reviving, baby delivering, and overall people healing 
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they do, doctors have another full-time job: keeping themselves healthy. Scratch that - keeping 
themselves healthiest. So instead of peeking into their medical practices, we looked at what 
they actually practice - in their own lives. Use personal strategies and insider tips from the best 
medical pros to supercharge your health this year. 
 
( I)-______ 
"As soon as I feel an illness coming on, I go to sleep for at least nine hours," says Hilda 
Hutcherson, MD, clinical professor of ob-gyn at Columbia University Medical Center. "I also lie 
on the floor with my legs elevated and propped against the wall and breathe deeply for five 
minutes." It helps lower stress, which weakens the immune system. 
(II )-______ 
Instead of having a garden-variety green salad, Margaret McKenzie, MD, assistant professor of 
surgery at the Cleveland Clinic, tosses napa cabbage, radicchio, edamame, and carrots with 
ginger-soy dressing. "It gives me a lot of vitamins, antioxidants, and protein and makes me feel 
full," she says. 
(III)-______ 
[...] Gary Small, MD, professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences at the University of 
California, Los Angeles, and author of The Alzheimer"s Prevention Program, plays Scrabble and 
Words With Friends on his smartphone most days. These word games are perfect brain 
boosters, because they build not only verbal and math skills but also spatial abilities as you 
position letters to create words. "Combining several mental tasks strengthens multiple neural 
circuits," Dr. Small says. "It"s likecross-training for your brain." 
(IV) - _____ 
Make your bedroom spalike: Dim the lights at least an hour before you go to bed; ban cell 
phones, laptops, and the TV; ask your partner for a foot rub. "I do deep breathing exercises," Dr. 
Hutcherson says. "Sometimes I play relaxing music softly." 
(V) - _____ 
The most important meal is breakfast, says David Katz, MD, director and founder of Yale-Griffin 
Prevention Research Center in Derby, Connecticut. He often has two breakfasts, divvying up his 
morning meal so that he eats half before his workout and half after. "It helps with portion 
control, and it establishes a daily eating pattern," Dr. Katz says. Plan your breakfast at night to 
start the next day on a healthy note. 
(Abridged from https ://www.fitnessmagazine.com/health/doctors-tips-tostay-healthy/) 
 
58. (EN – 2018) In the sentence "It helps lower stress, which weakens the immune system.” 
(2nd paragraph), the underlined words mean, respectively,______and______. 
a) raise / lessens 
b) rise / strengthens 
c) reduce / debilitates 
d) eliminate / toughens 
e) decrease / reproduces 
 
NATO ships, helicopters hunt down 7 pirates 
 
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 NAIROBI, Kenya - NATO warships and helicopters pursued Somali pirates for seven hours after 
they attacked a Norwegian tanker, NATO spokesmen said Sunday, and the highspeed chase only 
ended when warning shots were fired at the pirates’ skiff. Seven pirates attempted to attack the 
Norwegian-flagged MV Front Ardenne late Saturday but fled after crew took evasive maneuvers 
and alerted warships in the area, said Portuguese Lt. Cmdr. Alexandre Santos Fernandes, aboard 
a warship in the Gulf of Aden, and Cmdr. Chris Davies, of NATais maritime headquarters in 
England. 
 "How the attack was thwarted is unclear, it appears to have been the actions of the tanker," 
Davies said. Fernandes said no shots were fired at the tanker. 
 Davies said the pirates sailed into the path of the Canadian warship Winnipeg, which was 
escorting a World Food Program delivery ship through the Gulf of Aden. The American ship USS 
Halyburton was also in the area and joined the chase. 
 "There was a lengthy pursuit, over said. The pirates hurled weapons into Canadian and U.S. 
warships closed in. NATais anti-piracy mission. 
 "The skiff abandoned the scene and tried to escape to Somali territory," Fernandes said. "It was 
heading toward Bossaso but we managed to track them. Warning shots have been made after 
several attempts to stop the vessel." 
 Both ships deployed helicopters, and naval officers hailed the pirates over loudspeakers and 
finally fired warning shots to stop them, Fernandes said, but not before the pirates had dumped 
most of their weapons overboard. NATO forces boarded the skiff, where they found a 
rocketpropelled grenade, and interrogated, disarmed and released the pirates. 
 The pirates cannot be prosecuted under Canadian law because they did not attack Canadian 
citizens or interests and the crime was not committed on Canadian territory. 
 "When a ship is part of NATO, the detention of a person is a matter for the national 
authorities," Fernandes said. "It stops being a NATO issue and starts being a national issue." 
 The pirates' release underscores the difficulties navies have in fighting rampant piracy off the 
coast of lawless Somalia. Most of the time, foreign navies simply disarm and release the pirates 
they catch due to legal complications and logistical difficulties in transporting pirates and 
witnesses to court. 
 Pirates have attacked more than 80 boats this year alone, four times the number assaulted in 
2003, according to the Kuala Lumpur-based International Maritime Bureau. They now hold at 
least 18 ships - including a Belgian tanker seized Saturday with 10 crew aboard - and over 310 
crew hostage, according to an Associated Press count. 
(Adapted from: www.ap.org, 04/19/09) 
 
59. (EFOMM – 2010) The Canadian Navy is involved in the incident described in the text 
because: 
 
(A) The pirates accidentally crossed in front of the Canadian warship Winnipeg which was on its 
way through the Gulf of Aden. 
(B) The pirates tried to attack an escorted ship filled with valuable supplies for the World Food 
Program. 
(C) The Norwegian tanker chased the pirates until the Canadian and the North American 
warships arrived. 
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(D) NATO ships were already in the area looking for the pirates' skiff. 
(E) The USS Halyburton asked their Canadian counterparts for assistance after locating the skiff. 
 
60. (EFOMM – 2010) Choose the correct option to complete the sentences: 
 
I - A stranger came into the hall _____ he opened the front door. 
II - _____ you begin to look at the problem there is almost nothing you can do about it. 
III - _____ extensive inquiries were made at the time, no trace was found of any relative. 
IV - You cannot be put on probation _____ you are guilty. 
 
(A) Like / although / despite / as soon as 
(B) Since / although / despite / as soon as 
(C) Since / even though / although / unless 
(D) As / once / although / unless 
(E) As / once/ in spite of / even if 
 
61. (EFOMM – 2010) The conditions expressed in the sentences "If they had known the 
outcomes, they would have taken different measures" and "you should know people 
better, if you really want to make more friends" are, respectively: 
(A) unlikely / unlikely 
(B) impossible / unlikely 
(C) likely / unlikely 
(D) impossible / likely 
(E) likely / impossible 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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5.1 GABARITO
1. B 
2. B 
3. D 
4. A 
5. D 
6. D 
7. C 
8. B 
9. C 
10. A 
11. B 
12. A 
13. D 
14. E 
15. E 
16. B 
17. E 
18. B 
19. B 
20. A 
21. C 
22. C 
23. A 
24. C 
25. C 
26. C 
27. B 
28. C 
29. C 
30. B 
31. C 
32. D 
33. A 
34. C 
35. C 
36. D 
37. B 
38. C 
39. A 
40. C 
41. E 
42. B 
43. D 
44. D 
45. A 
46. A 
47. A 
48. B 
49. D 
50. A 
51. C 
52. D 
53. D 
54. D 
55. C 
56. B 
57. E 
58. C 
59. A 
60. D 
61. D 
 
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6. QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 
 
1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) 
In “If they do not get their treats, they play a trick.” (lines 9 and 10), one can infer that if they get 
their treats, 
O que o trecho afirma é que se eles não ganham os doces, eles fazem uma travessura. Assim, é 
possível inferir, concluir que se eles ganham os doces, eles NÃO fazem uma travessura. 
ü If they do not get their treats, they play a trick. = se eles não ganham os doces, eles fazem 
uma travessura. 
 
ü If they get their treats, they DON’T play a trick. = se eles ganham os doces, eles NÃO fazem 
uma travessura. 
 
a) they play a trick. 
Como vimos, a conclusão lógica seria de que eles NÃO fazem. ERRADA. 
b) they don’t play a trick. 
CORRETA, conforme explicado acima. 
c) they may play a trick or not. 
Eles podem ou não fazer uma travessura- não há, no texto, indicativo de que essa seria 
a conclusão lógica. ERRADA. 
d) they wouldn’t play a trick. 
Nessa alternativa, o erro está no descompasso de tempos verbais. Só usamos na 
consequência de um condicional o verbo would, se na condição o verbo está no 
passado. Exemplo: If they got their treats, they wouldn’t play a trick. = se eles 
ganhassem os doces, eles não fariam uma travessura. ERRADA. 
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GABARITO: B 
 
2. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Select the alternativethat indicates the type of conditional in the sentence below. 
According to scientists, if the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, there will 
be a global warming. 
a) zero conditional 
b) first conditional 
c) third conditional 
d) second conditional 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A “zero conditional” se baseia na estrutura “If + present simple, ... 
present simple”, mas a estrutura que encontramos no enunciado é “If + present simple, ... future”. 
A alternativa B está correta. A “first conditional” se baseia na estrutura “If + present simple, ... 
future”, que é exatamente a estrutura apresentada pelo enunciado. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A “third conditional” se baseia na estrutura “If + past perfect, ... 
(would/wouldn’t + have + past participle)”, mas a estrutura que encontramos no enunciado é “If 
+ present simple, ... future”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A “second conditional” se baseia na estrutura “If + past simple, ... 
(would/wouldn’t + verb)”, mas a estrutura que encontramos no enunciado é “If + present simple, 
... future”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
3. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) Select the alternative that completes the 
sentence below in the third conditional. 
If she hadn’t read the news magazine, she ________________. 
a) hadn’t seen the ad 
b) would see the ad 
c) couldn’t see the ad 
d) wouldn’t have seen the ad 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O enunciado pede a alternativa que completa a lacuna de forma a 
formar a “third conditional”. A “third conditional” é formada pela estrutura “If + past perfect ... 
would/wouldn’t + have + past participle”. Essa alternativa traria o past perfect duas vezes na 
sentença, o que não condiz com a estrutura citada acima. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O enunciado pede a alternativa que completa a lacuna de forma a 
formar a “third conditional”. A “third conditional” é formada pela estrutura “If + past perfect ... 
would/wouldn’t + have + past participle”. Essa alternativa traria o “would”, mas sem a estrutura 
“perfect” (have + past participle) depois. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O enunciado pede a alternativa que completa a lacuna de forma a 
formar a “third conditional”. A “third conditional” é formada pela estrutura “If + past perfect ... 
would/wouldn’t + have + past participle”. Essa alternativa traria o “could + verb”, o que não condiz 
com a estrutura citada acima. 
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A alternativa D está correta. O enunciado pede a alternativa que completa a lacuna de forma a 
formar a “third conditional”. A “third conditional” é formada pela estrutura “If + past perfect ... 
would/wouldn’t + have + past participle”. Essa alternativa traria exatamente a estrutura citada 
acima. 
GABARITO: D 
 
4. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) “individuals who have no medical training” 
could be rewritten as 
a) individuals who don’t have any medical training. 
b) individuals who don’t have no medical training. 
c) individuals who have any medical training. 
d) individuals who doesn’t have any medical training. 
Comentário: 
a) alternativa CORRETA, devido à impossibilidade fazermos dupla negação em Inglês. 
Como a frase foi reescrita com “don’t” (do + not), não podemos manter o “no” que 
havia lá originalmente, substituindo-o por any, para dar a ideia de nenhum. 
b) Dupla negação: don’t e no. ERRADA. 
c) Como o verbo está afirmando, não podemos usar any- any só é usado com o verbo na 
negativa. ERRADA. 
d) Quase certa- o erro está na escolha do auxiliar does, sendo que o sujeito é de terceira 
pessoa do plural: individuals, eles, they. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
5. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/INÉDITA) Which of the underlined words can be 
omitted? 
a) “They are more interesting than lions and tigers...” 
b) “... because they are livelier and perform tricks.” 
c) “... although they are more willing to cooperate with the trainer than other mammals...” 
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d) “This is one reason for believing that they are very intelligent.” 
Comentário: 
a) O than, que ajuda a estabelecer comparação (mais interessante que) não pode ser 
omitido. Se fosse, a estrutura ficaria “quebrada”, sem sentido. ERRADA. 
b) Em Inglês, normalmente, não podemos omitir o sujeito. ERRADA. 
c) Aqui, o than também ajuda a estabelecer comparação, assim como na letra A, não 
podendo ser omitido. Se fosse, a estrutura ficaria “quebrada”, sem sentido. ERRADA. 
d) Este é um caso em que o that pode ser omitido sem prejuízo de sentido, pois interliga 
orações com sujeitos independentes. O sujeito da primeira oração é this e o da segunda 
é they. Se a segunda oração não tivesse o seu próprio sujeito, como em “This is the 
movie that made me cry” (observe que do that vamos direto para o verbo made, sem 
um sujeito) aí o that não poderia ser omitido. CORRETA. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
Read the lyrics and answer question 6 
 
POST MALONE – CIRCLES 
We couldn't turn around 
'Til we were upside down 
I'll be the bad guy now 
But no, I ain't too proud 
I couldn't be there 
Even when I try 
You don't believe it 
We do this every time 
Seasons change and our love went cold 
Feed the flame 'cause we can't let go 
Run away, but we're running in circles 
Run away, run away 
I dare you to do something 
I'm waiting on you again 
So I don't take the blame 
Run away, but we're running in circles 
Run away, run away, run away 
(Adapted from https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1SQJL_pt-
BRBR910BR910&sxsrf=ALeKk01P1MF02ZwaGbZnN38jX69eYtkSuw%3A1599078844698&ei=vAFQX8GfKpvD5OUPzvawkA8&q=letra+musica+circles+post+mal
one&oq=letra+musica+circles+po&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQARgAMgIIADIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEBYQHjoECAAQRzoGCAAQBxAeOggIABAIEAcQHjoG
CAAQCBAeOgQIABAeOgQIIxAnSgUIJhIBblCGigNYlPoHYLWHCGgAcAF4AIAB3wKIAaIzkgEIMC43LjE2LjWYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6wAEB&sclient=psy-ab) 
 
6. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The word in bold in the text is closest in meaning to 
 
a) Praise 
b) Exoneration 
c) Harmony 
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d) Accusation 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “blame” significa culpa e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “praise”, que significa elogio. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “blame” significa culpa e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “exoneration”, que significa exoneração. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “blame” significa culpa e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “harmony”, que significa harmonia. 
A alternativa D está correta. A palavra “blame” significa culpa e pode ser comparada com a 
palavra “accusation”, que significa acusação. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Read the comic strip and answer question 7 
 
(https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/09/01) 
 
7. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Choose the best alternative according to the comic 
strip 
a) The man didn’t understand what the woman was doing 
b) The man didn’t try to help the woman 
c) The woman was trying to clean something that couldn’t be cleaned 
d) The woman didn’t hurt her hand 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com a tirinha, não é correto afirmar que o homem 
não entendeu o que a mulher estava fazendo, mas sim, que ele entendeu e a ajudou. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com a tirinha, não é correto afirmar que o homem 
não tentou ajudar a mulher, mas sim, que ele a ajudou. 
A alternativa C está correta. De acordo com a tirinha, é correto afirmar que a mulher estava 
tentando limpar algo que não podia ser limpo, assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com a tirinha, não é correto afirmar que a mulhernão machucou a mão, mas sim, que as mãos dela ficaram em carne viva. 
GABARITO: C 
 
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Read the lyrics and answer questions 8, 9 and 10 
 
Lonely - Justin Bieber, Benny Blanco 
 
Everybody knows my name now 
But somethin' 'bout it still feels strange 
Like lookin' in a mirror, tryna steady yourself 
And seein' somebody else 
And everything is not the same now 
It feels like all our lives have changed 
Maybe when I'm older, it'll all calm down 
But it's killin' me now 
What if you had it all 
But nobody to call? 
Maybe then, you'd know me 
'Cause I've had everything 
But no one's listening 
And that's just fuckin' lonely 
I'm so lonely 
Lonely 
Everybody knows my past now 
Like my house was always made of glass 
And maybe that's the price you pay 
For the money and fame at an early age 
And everybody saw me sick 
And it felt like no one gave a shit 
They criticized the things I did 
As an idiot kid 
What if you had it all 
But nobody to call? 
Maybe then, you'd know me 
'Cause I've had everything 
But no one's listening 
And that's just fuckin' lonely 
I'm so lonely 
Lonely 
I'm so lonely 
Lonely 
(Adapted from https://www.lyricfind.com/) 
 
8. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the lyrics 
 
a) The song criticizes the lack of support for people with mental illness 
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b) The song portrays the reality of an individual with profound loneliness, even if he has 
material goods 
c) The song is about depression seen in a collective way, in society 
d) The song portrays the current situation of institutions fighting suicide 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com a letra, não é correto afirmar que a música 
critica a falta de suporte às pessoas com doenças mentais, mas sim, que retrata a realidade 
de um indivíduo com uma solidão profunda, mesmo que este tenha bens materiais. Isso 
pode ser confirmado com o trecho “'Cause I've had everything ... But no one's listening ... 
And that's just … fuckin' lonely … I'm so lonely”. 
A alternativa B está correta. De acordo com a letra, é correto afirmar que a música retrata a 
realidade de um indivíduo com uma solidão profunda, mesmo que este tenha bens 
materiais, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “'Cause I've 
had everything ... But no one's listening ... And that's just … fuckin' lonely … I'm so lonely”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com a letra, não é correto afirmar que a música é 
sobre depressão vista de uma forma coletiva, em sociedade, mas sim, que retrata a 
realidade de um indivíduo com uma solidão profunda, mesmo que este tenha bens 
materiais. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “'Cause I've had everything ... But no one's 
listening ... And that's just … fuckin' lonely … I'm so lonely”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com a letra, não é correto afirmar que a música 
retrata a atual situação de instituições que lutam contra o suicídio, mas sim, que retrata a 
realidade de um indivíduo com uma solidão profunda, mesmo que este tenha bens 
materiais. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “'Cause I've had everything ... But no one's 
listening ... And that's just … fuckin' lonely … I'm so lonely”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
9. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The underlined expression “made of glass”, in the 
text, means that 
 
a) The house is actually made of glass 
b) The person is very fragile mentally 
c) The person’s life was very public 
d) The house was very fragile and had many defects 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “feita de vidro” não significa que a casa é 
realmente feita de vidro, mas sim, que a vida da pessoa era muito pública, transparente 
como vidro. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “feita de vidro” não significa que a pessoa é muito 
frágil mentalmente, mas sim, que a vida da pessoa era muito pública, transparente como 
vidro. 
A alternativa C está correta. A expressão “feita de vidro” significa que a vida da pessoa era 
muito pública, transparente como vidro, assim como esta opção indica. 
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A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “feita de vidro” não significa que a casa é muito 
frágil e cheia de defeitos, mas sim, que a vida da pessoa era muito pública, transparente 
como vidro. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
10. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The word in bold in the text is closest in meaning 
to 
 
a) Unusual 
b) Bad 
c) Common 
d) Aberrant 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. A palavra “strange” significa estranho e pode ser comparada a 
palavra “unusual”, que significa incomum. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “strange” significa estranho e não pode ser 
comparada a palavra “bad”, que significa ruim, mas sim, a palavra “unusual”, que significa 
incomum. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “strange” significa estranho e não pode ser 
comparada a palavra “common”, que significa comum, mas sim, a palavra “unusual”, que 
significa incomum. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “strange” significa estranho e não pode ser 
comparada a palavra “aberrant”, que significaaberrante, mas sim, a palavra “unusual”, que 
significa incomum. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Read the text and answer questions 11, 12 and 13 
WhatsApp lets messages vanish after seven days 
WhatsApp is introducing a "disappearing messages" option that will erase chats from the 
phone of both the sender and recipient after seven days. 
 The Facebook-owned app, which has two billion users worldwide, said the setting would 
help keep chats private. 
 But it said recipients would still be able to screenshot or forward any messages, photos 
or videos that they wanted to keep. The option will appear for WhatsApp users by the end of 
November. 
 In a blog, the company said messages could be set to expire after seven days to offer 
"peace of mind that conversations aren't permanent, while remaining practical so you don't 
forget what you were chatting about". 
 In April 2019, Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg pledged to make several 
changes to the social network to offer users more privacy. 
 One of his proposed changes was offering more "ephemeral" ways to share content, 
including disappearing messages. 
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 The company also hopes to integrate its messaging platforms, making WhatsApp, 
Instagram and Facebook Messenger interoperable. 
 Rival messaging app Snapchat, which has provided inspiration for a number of Facebook's 
features, was built on the principle of disappearing messages. 
 "Remarkable that this was so long in coming to WhatsApp, given that it launched Status 
(also a disappearing feature) back in 2017, that ephemeral is huge, and that this is Facebook we 
are talking about," said Ingrid Lunden, a journalist for Tech Crunch, on Twitter. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-54825021) 
 
11. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, we can infer that ______. 
 
a) The new Whatsapp tool allows messages to disappear after 7 days, just for the sender 
b) The purpose of the new option in the app, is greater privacy for the user 
c) Considering that Whatsapp is a small app, the new tool aims to attract more users 
d) The option was already part of the app; however, it needs repairs, which will reach users 
in late November 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a nova 
ferramenta do Whatsapp permite quemensagens desapareçam em 7 dias, apenas para o 
remetente, mas sim, que desapareçam tanto para remetente quanto para o receptor. Isso 
pode ser confirmado com o trecho “…option that will erase chats from the phone of both the 
sender and recipient after seven days”. 
A alternativa B está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que o objetivo 
da nova opção no aplicativo, é uma maior privacidade para o usuário, assim como esta opção 
indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The Facebook-owned app, which has two 
billion users worldwide, said the setting would help keep chats private”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que 
considerando que o Whatsapp é um aplicativo pequeno, a nova ferramenta visa atrair mais 
usuários, mas sim, que o app já tem 2 bilhões de usuários. Isso pode ser confirmado com o 
trecho “The Facebook-owned app, which has two billion users worldwide, said…”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a opção 
já fazia parte do aplicativo; porém, necessita reparos, que chegarão aos usuários no final de 
novembro, mas sim, que no final de novembro a nova ferramenta será liberada. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “The option will appear for WhatsApp users by the end of 
November”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
12. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the best response 
 
a) The app owner wanted to provide more temporary options for conversations 
b) Facebook-owned brands will merge into just one new app 
c) Facebook created the idea of disappearing messages, without any external inspiration 
d) Disappearing messages is the only disappearing tool that Whatsapp will have 
Comentários: 
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A alternativa A está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que o dono do 
aplicativo quis prover mais opções temporárias quanto às conversas, assim como esta opção 
indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “One of his proposed changes was offering more 
‘ephemeral’ ways to share content, including disappearing messages”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que as 
marcas pertencentes ao Facebook irão fundir em apenas um novo app, mas sim, que essas 
marcas, provavelmente, irão se tornar mais integradas. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho 
“The company also hopes to integrate its messaging platforms, making WhatsApp, Instagram 
and Facebook Messenger interoperable”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o Facebook 
criou a ideia de mensagens que desaparecem, sem nenhuma inspiração externa, mas sim, 
que houve uma inspiração no Snapchat. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Rival 
messaging app Snapchat, which has provided inspiration for a number of Facebook's 
features…”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que mensagens 
que desaparecem é a única ferramenta de desaparecimento que o Whatsapp irá ter, mas 
sim, que o Status, lançado em 2017, já funciona dessa forma. Isso pode ser confirmado com 
o trecho “WhatsApp, given that it launched Status (also a disappearing feature) back in 2017, 
that ephemeral…”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
13. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The word in bold in the text is closest in meaning 
to 
 
a) Lengthy 
b) Brief 
c) Enduring 
d) Momentary 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “ephemeral” significa temporário e não pode ser 
comparada a palavra “lenghty”, que significa longo. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “ephemeral” significa temporário e não pode ser 
melhor comparada a palavra “brief”, que significa breve. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “ephemeral” significa temporário e não pode ser 
comparada a palavra “enduring”, que significa duradouro. 
A alternativa D está correta. A palavra “ephemeral” significa temporário e pode ser melhor 
comparada a palavra “momentary”, que significa momentâneo. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 14 
 
Brazil gives equal pay to men's and women's national players 
 
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 Brazil's women's national players will be paid the same as male players for representing 
their country, Brazil's football association (CBF) has said. All players will be granted the same 
daily and prize amounts for taking part in preparation periods and games. CBF president 
Rogerio Caboclo says the measures were put in place in March. 
 "Since March of this year, CBF has made an equal value in terms of prizes and daily rates 
between men's and women's football," he said. "That is, the players earn the same thing as 
the players during the calls. What they receive by daily call, women also receive." 
 The same arrangement has applied in England since January, with an FA spokesperson 
saying it pays women the same as men for representing their country, both for match fees 
and bonuses. 
 Caboclo says its arrangement also applies to performances at international tournaments 
such as the World Cup and Olympics. "There is no more gender difference, as the CBF is 
treating men and women equally," he said. "What they will gain by conquering or by staging 
the Olympics next year will be the same as the men will have." 
 Australia, Norway and New Zealand are among the nations to previously decide to pay their 
men and women internationals the same amount. 
 Brazil's women's team have not played since March, when many competitions around the 
world were postponed because of the coronavirus pandemic. 
(Adapted from 
https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/54007054?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world/latin_america&link_location=liv
e-reporting-story) 
 
14. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) In the sentence “…with an FA spokesperson saying 
it pays women the same as men…” (paragraph 3), the expression spokesperson means 
 
a) A person that talks a lot 
b) A person that talks louder than the others 
c) A person that doesn’t like to talk 
d) A person that talks only in important situations 
e) A person that communicates for another 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “spokesperson” não significa uma pessoa que fala 
muito, mas sim, porta-voz, ou seja, uma pessoa que se comunica por outra. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “spokesperson” não significa uma pessoa que fala 
mais alto do que outras, mas sim, porta-voz, ou seja, uma pessoa que se comunica por outra. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “spokesperson” não significa uma pessoa que não 
gosta de falar, mas sim, porta-voz, ou seja, uma pessoa que se comunica por outra. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “spokesperson” não significa uma pessoa que fala 
apenas em situações importantes, mas sim, porta-voz, ou seja, uma pessoa que se comunica 
por outra, em qualquer situação. 
A alternativa E está correta. A expressão “spokesperson” significa porta-voz, ou seja, uma 
pessoa que se comunica por outra, assim como esta opção indica. 
GABARITO: E 
 
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Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 15. 
US sends mechanized troops back into Syria 
 
Bradley fighting vehicles have headed back into eastern Syria, the Pentagon announced Friday, a 
move that comes after a tense encounter with Russian forces left four U.S. troops lightly injured 
last month. 
The return of mechanized units also comes as the U.S. military deployed Sentinel radar and 
increased the frequency of fighter jet patrols over U.S. forces in that part of Syria, according to 
U.S. Central Command spokesmanNavy Capt. Bill Urban. 
“These actions are a clear demonstration of U.S. resolve to defend Coalition forces in the 
[Eastern Syria Security Area], and to ensure that they are able to continue their Defeat-ISIS 
mission without interference,” Urban said in an emailed statement. “The Defense Department 
has previously deployed Bradleys to northeast Syria pursuant to these goals." 
Bradleys from the 30th Armored Brigade Combat Team were last sent to Syria in late October 
2019 to guard oil infrastructure from Islamic State militants, officials said at the time. 
They were quietly pulled out after roughly a month when combined patrols with Turkish forces 
“never materialized” and the “mission requirements changed,” a military official in the region 
previously told Army Times. 
The armored vehicles sent back this month belong to 2nd Brigade, 1st Armored Division, out of 
Fort Bliss, Texas. The unit is deployed to the Middle East in support of Operation Spartan Shield, 
which is based in Kuwait. 
“The mechanized infantry assets will help ensure the force protection of coalition forces in an 
increasingly complex operating environment in northeast Syria,” said Col. Wayne Marotto, 
spokesman for the Inherent Resolve mission. “The coalition forces remain steadfast in our 
commitment of ensuring the enduring defeat of Daesh [ISIS].” 
U.S. and Russian officials traded blame in late August after troops from both countries collided 
in northeast Syria while on patrol. A Russian vehicle sideswiped a light-armored American one, 
injuring four U.S. troops, while two Russian helicopters flew about 70 feet over top the 
altercation, U.S. officials said following the incident. 
For their part, Russian officials said U.S. troops were blocking their ground patrol and Russian 
military police "took the necessary measures to prevent an incident and to continue the 
fulfillment of their task.” Though the U.S. and Russian militaries have protocols to prevent such 
incidents, there have nevertheless been less worrisome altercations periodically over the past 
year. 
Russian forces are in the country backing Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and have long called 
for U.S. troops to leave. “The United States does not seek conflict with any other nation in Syria, 
but will defend Coalition forces if necessary," Urban added in his statement. 
Despite the loss of ISIS' territorial caliphate and the slaying of its leader last year in a U.S. raid, 
the extremist group has continued to launch deadly attacks in Iraq and Syria. There are roughly 
500 U.S. troops in Syria’s northeast guarding oil fields from ISIS and working alongside the Syrian 
Democratic Forces. 
Adaptado de https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2020/09/18/us-sends-mechanized-troops-back-into-syria/ 
 
15. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
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According to the text, 
[A] Urban said that four U.S. troops were left lightly injured last month. 
[B] the U.S. will stay in Syria even after the defeat of ISIS. 
[C] mechanized vehicles sent back to Syria this month were from the 30th Armored Brigade 
Combat Team. 
[D] the U.S. and Russia are at war in Syria’s territory. 
[E] ISIS is still strong despite having lost ISIS’ territorial caliphate last year in a U.S. raid. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto diz que 4 soldados americanos foram deixados levemente 
feridos depois de um confronto com uma patrulha Russa, mas não foi o capitão Urban que disse 
isso. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto não nos permite entender que os Estados Unidos 
permanecerão na Síria mesmo após a derrota do Estado Islâmico. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto diz que os veículos mecanizados que foram enviados de 
volta à Síria este mês eram da segunda brigada, e não da trigésima brigada. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto diz que houve um conflito entre patrulhas que se 
cruzaram, mas não nos permite entender que há uma guerra entre Estados Unidos e Rússia 
sendo travada em território sírio. 
A alternativa E está correta. O último parágrafo do texto afirma que apesar de ter perdido seu 
califado no ano passado, o Estado Islâmico continua lançando ataques no Iraque e na Syria. 
Portanto, é correto dizer que, apesar da perda de território, o Estado Islâmico continua forte. 
GABARITO: E 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 16. 
 
Inside a home destroyed by the deadly explosion in Beirut 
 
From CNN's Aditi Sangal 
CNN's senior international correspondent Ben Wedeman went inside a home overlooking the 
port where Tuesday’s massive explosion took place in Beirut. The home was inhabited by an 
elderly couple. 
“When the blast happened, the walls just collapsed,” wounding the woman who was in bed, 
Wedeman reports. She is severely wounded and in the hospital. “The bed is still stained with her 
blood.” 
Looking out through the walls of the home that have collapsed, Wedeman describes the state of 
the warehouse that exploded. What was simply dry ground before, Wedeman says, is now a 
crater, with water flowing into the area. 
The Lebanese government has committed to conducting a transparent investigation into the 
explosion, but Wedeman says it is “scant consolation” to the families of those killed, injured and 
missing. 
Beirut's governor said in an interview earlier today that at least 300,000 people have been 
displaced from their homes by the blast. 
Adaptado de https://edition.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/lebanon-beirut-explosion-live-updates-dle-intl/index.html 
 
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16. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
In the sentence ““When the blast happened, the walls just collapsed,” wounding the woman 
who was in bed, Wedeman reports.”, the word who refers to 
[A] the blast. [B] woman. [C] the walls. 
[D] Wedeman. [E] was. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “who” está sendo usada para retomar “woman”, que é 
a mulher que estava na cama. Sendo assim, não se pode dizer que a palavra “who” está 
retomando “the blast”. 
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “who” está sendo usada para retomar “woman”, que é a 
mulher que estava na cama, exatamente como diz a alternativa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “who” está sendo usada para retomar “woman”, que é 
a mulher que estava na cama. Sendo assim, não se pode dizer que a palavra “who” está 
retomando “the walls”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “who” está sendo usada para retomar “woman”, que é 
a mulher que estava na cama. Sendo assim, não se pode dizer que a palavra “who” está 
retomando “Wedeman”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “who” está sendo usada para retomar “woman”, que é 
a mulher que estava na cama. Sendo assim, não se pode dizer que a palavra “who” está 
retomando “was”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 17. 
 
Steve Jobs debuts the iPhone 
 
On January 9, 2007, Apple Inc. CEO Steve Jobs unveils the iPhone—a touchscreen mobile phone 
with an iPod, camera and Web-browsing capabilities, among other features—at the Macworld 
convention in San Francisco. Jobs, dressed in his customary jeans and black mock turtleneck, 
called the iPhone a “revolutionary and magical product that is literally five years ahead of any 
other mobile phone.” When it went on sale in the United States six months later, on June 29, 
amidst huge hype, thousands of customers lined up at Apple stores across the country to be 
among the first to purchase an iPhone. 
In November 2007—by which point more than 1.4 million iPhones had been sold—Time 
magazine named the sleek, 4.8-ounce device, originally available in a 4GB, $499 model and an 
8GB, $599 model, its invention of the year. The iPhone went on sale in parts of Europe in late 
2007, and in partsof Asia in 2008. In July 2008, Apple launched its online App Store, enabling 
people to download software applications that let them use their iPhones for games, social 
networking, travel planning and an every growing laundry list of other activities. Apple went on 
to over 10 updated models of the iPhone. 
The iPhone helped turned Apple, which Jobs (1955-2011) co-founded with his friend Stephen 
Wozniak in California in 1976, into one of the planet’s most valuable corporations. In 2012, five 
years after the iPhone’s debut, more than 200 million had been sold. The iPhone joined a list of 
innovative Apple products, including the Macintosh (launched in 1984, it was one of the first 
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personal computers to feature a graphical user interface, which allowed people to navigate by 
pointing and clicking a mouse rather than typing commands) and the iPod portable music player 
(launched in 2001), that became part of everyday modern life. 
Adaptado de https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/steve-jobs-debuts-the-iphone 
 
17. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
The sentence “When it went on sale in the United States six months later, on June 29, amidst 
huge hype, thousands of customers lined up at Apple stores across the country to be among the 
first to purchase an iPhone” means that people 
[A] were indifferent apple’s new launch. 
[B] just wanted to spend money on anything. 
[C] needed a device that plays music, takes photos and access the internet. 
[D] wanted cheaper cell phones like Apple’s iPhone. 
[E] Wanted the status of having a technologically advanced device. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O trecho nos leva a entender que as pessoas estavam ansiosas 
para comprar seu iPhone, e não que estavam indiferentes ao lançamento da Apple. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O trecho nos leva a entender que as pessoas estavam ansiosas 
para comprar seu iPhone, e não que queriam simplesmente gastar dinheiro com qualquer coisa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O trecho nos leva a entender que as pessoas estavam ansiosas 
para comprar seu iPhone, e não que eles precisavam de algo que nunca existiu antes. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O trecho nos leva a entender que as pessoas estavam ansiosas 
para comprar seu iPhone, e não que queriam comprar telefones baratos, até porque o iPhone 
sempre foi um telefone caro. 
A alternativa E está correta. O trecho nos leva a entender que as pessoas estavam ansiosas para 
comprar seu iPhone justamente porque queriam ser os primeiros a possuir aquela tecnologia. 
Quando o trecho diz “amidst huge hype”, ele quer dizer que havia uma alvoroço coletivo pelo 
produto, uma espécie de nova “moda”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
Texto para as questões 18 e 19 
 
About the Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group 
 
The Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group (the ATMG) is a coalition of organisations formed in 2009 
to monitor the implementation of anti-slavery laws and policies by the UK Government. It places 
a particular focus on the protection of survivors of modern slavery. 
Member organisations include those who directly support vulnerable people affected by slavery, 
including trafficked children, men and women, across the UK, and those trapped in specific 
forms of exploitation such as forced labour, sexual exploitation or domestic slavery. 
The ATMG has two aims: 
• To tackle the various forms of trafficking and work strategically to ensure the voices of 
individuals affected by slavery are heard and advocated for. 
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• To monitor the implementation of anti-slavery laws and policies by the UK Government, 
including the Government’s implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on Action 
against Trafficking in Human Beings, and the subsequent EU Directive on tackling trafficking. 
It seeks to achieve these aims by ensuring that: 
• All identified cases of trafficking are comprehensively dealt with by the authorities; 
• Survivors are provided with adequate care and support to recover from their experiences, 
including legal representation; 
• Perpetrators of modern slavery are effectively prosecuted, and; 
• Comprehensive policies are in place to prevent modern slavery practices and to facilitate the 
prosecution of perpetrators and support of survivors. 
The diversity of the ATMG’s membership has been a significant strength of the coalition. Thanks 
to the expertise of the coalition’s membership the group has been able and undertake research 
and advocacy on a large range of slavery-related issues. 
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Real-people-real-lives-ATMG-report-1) 
 
18. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) According to paragraph 2, member organisations 
DON’T include 
a) organisations that directly support trafficked children, men and women, across the UK 
b) organisations that directly support homeless people 
c) organisations that directly support those trapped in sexual exploitation 
d) organisations that directly support those trapped in domestic slavery 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O segundo parágrafo diz que organizações membro incluem 
aquelas que apoiam diretamente pessoas vulneráveis afetadas pela escravidão, incluindo 
crianças, homens e mulheres traficados no Reino unido, e aqueles presos em formas específicas 
de exploração como trabalho forçado, exploração sexual ou escravidão doméstica. “Member 
organisations include those who directly support vulnerable people affected by slavery, 
including trafficked children, men and women, across the UK, and those trapped in specific 
forms of exploitation such as forced labour, sexual exploitation or domestic slavery.” 
A alternativa B está correta. Não há nenhuma menção no texto a sem-teto ou moradores de 
rua. “Homeless”não é um assunto tratado no texto. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O segundo parágrafo diz que organizações membro incluem 
aquelas que apoiam diretamente pessoas vulneráveis afetadas pela escravidão, incluindo 
crianças, homens e mulheres traficados no Reino unido, e aqueles presos em formas específicas 
de exploração como trabalho forçado, exploração sexual ou escravidão doméstica. “Member 
organisations include those who directly support vulnerable people affected by slavery, 
including trafficked children, men and women, across the UK, and those trapped in specific 
forms of exploitation such as forced labour, sexual exploitation or domestic slavery.” 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O segundo parágrafo diz que organizações membro incluem 
aquelas que apoiam diretamente pessoas vulneráveis afetadas pela escravidão, incluindo 
crianças, homens e mulheres traficados no Reino unido, e aqueles presos em formas específicas 
de exploração como trabalho forçado, exploração sexual ou escravidão doméstica. “Member 
organisations include those who directly support vulnerable people affected by slavery, 
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including trafficked children, men and women, across the UK, and those trapped in specific 
forms of exploitation such as forced labour, sexual exploitation or domestic slavery.” 
GABARITO: B 
 
19. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) 
The main purpose of the text is to 
 
a) tell people that modern slavery is over. 
b) inform people about what has been done to fight against modern slavery. 
c) say that only third world countries are afected by modern slavery. 
d) make people believe modern slavery is unbeatable. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está errada. O objetivo do texto não é dizer que a escravidão acabou. O texto 
diz o contrário disso, que a escravidão existe eprecisa ser combatida. 
A alternativa B está correta. Esta é exatamente a intenção principal do texto. Informar às 
pessoas sobre o que tem sido feito na luta contra a escravidão moderna. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto não diz nada sobre países de terceiro mundo. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto não diz, em momento algum, que a escravidão moderna 
é invencível. Pelo contrário, o texto sugere medidas que ajudam a combater esses crimes. 
 GABARITO: B 
 
Directions: Answer question 20 according to TEXT I. 
 
TEXT I 
 
Dance Like Your Doctor Is Watching: It's Great for Your Mind and Body 
 
A new study say that dancing may keep you healthy well into old age, potentially by reducing 
the risk of disability and dementia. 
The paper, published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, looked at 
how various forms of physical activity affected about 1,000 elderly Japanese women and their 
risk of becoming physically disabled, as measured by their ability to complete tasks like walking, 
bathing and dressing. The women were asked about their general health and the types of 
physical activity they regularly did, and were monitored for signs of disability over eight years. 
During that time, 130 women met the criteria for disability. The researchers found that 
physical activity generally helped women remain independent as they aged, but certain types of 
exercise seemed to have larger effects than others — and dancing led the pack. 
The researchers found that women who frequently danced had a 73% lower chance of 
becoming disabled during the study period, compared to women who did not. None of the 
other exercises, including calisthenics, walking and yoga, had such a strong association after 
adjusting for demographic and health factors. 
The secret may be that dancing requires a variety of different skills, both mental and physical. 
“Dancing requires not only balance, strength, and endurance ability, but also cognitive ability: 
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adaptability and concentration to move according to the music and partner, artistry for graceful 
and fluid motion, and memory for choreography,” the researchers write. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5484237/dancing-health-benefits/) 
 
20. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Read the sentences and mark the correct option. 
I. Dancing is only good for women's mental health. 
II. Regular dancing practice can reduce the risk of being disabled. 
III. Women who dance don't have health problems when they get old. 
The only correct sentence(s) is(are) 
a) II. 
b) III. 
c) I and II. 
d) I and III. 
Comentários: 
A sentença I está incorreta. O texto afirma que a dança não é boa apenas para a saúde mental, 
mas também para a saúde física das mulheres. Portanto, é incorreto dizer que a dança é boa 
apenas para a saúde mental. 
A sentença II está correta. A prática de dança de forma regular pode reduzir o risco de adquirir 
alguma deficiência no futuro. É exatamente isso que é dito pelo texto. Portanto, esta sentença 
esta correta. 
A sentença III está incorreta. O texto não afirma que mulheres que dançam não têm problemas 
de saúde quando envelhecem, mas sim que a atividade da dança reduz riscos de adquirir 
deficiência no futuro. 
Somente a sentença II está correta. 
 GABARITO: A 
 
Directions: Answer question 21 according to TEXT II. 
 
TEXT II 
 
What is Digital Art? 
The Digital Art World 
In its broadest extant sense, “digital art” refers to art that relies on computer-based digital 
encoding, or on the electronic storage and processing of information in different formats—text, 
numbers, images, sounds—in a common binary code. The ways in which art-making can 
incorporate computer-based digital encoding are extremely diverse. A digital photograph may 
be the product of a manipulated sample of visual information captured with a digital camera 
from a “live” scene or captured with a scanner from a traditional celluloid photograph. Music 
can be recorded and then manipulated digitally or created digitally with specialized computer 
software. And a movie is now the product of an extremely complex sequence of choices 
between analog and digital processes at the stages of image and sound capture or composition, 
image and sound editing, color correction or sound mastering, special effects production, and 
display or projection. 
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The complexity of the digital cinema workflow draws attention to a further difference 
concerning whether reliance on the digital is restricted to the way an artwork is made or 
extends to the display of the work. A work may be made on a computer—say, a musical work 
composed with Sibelius or a play written in Microsoft Word—and yet meant for apprehension in 
a non-digital format—say, performance on traditional musical instruments or enactment on 
stage. Similarly, a movie could be captured and edited digitally before being printed on 
traditional 35mm photochemical film for projection in theaters. 
(Adapted from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/digital-art/) 
 
21. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Read the sentence. 
“The ways in which art-making can incorporate computer-based digital encoding are extremely 
diverse.” (first paragraph) 
All the sentences below express a similar idea, EXCEPT 
a) art-making can integrate computer-based digital encoding in many different ways. 
b) art-making can assimilate computer-based digital encoding in various diverse ways. 
c) art-making can detach computer-based digital encoding in many different ways. 
d) art-making can include computer-based digital encoding in several diverse ways. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A ideia passada pela frase da alternativa é a mesma da frase do 
enunciado. “integrate” é um sinônimo de “incorporate”. Dizer “in many different ways” é o 
mesmo que dizer “the ways...are extremely diverse”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A ideia passada pela frase da alternativa é a mesma da frase do 
enunciado. “assimilate” é um sinônimo de “incorporate”. Dizer “in various diverse ways” é o 
mesmo que dizer “the ways...are extremely diverse”. 
A alternativa C está correta. O erro da alternativa está no fato de que “detach” significa 
separar, e não integrar, incorporar etc. Por esse motivo, a alternativa tem uma semântica 
diferente do trecho do enunciado. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A ideia passada pela frase da alternativa é a mesma da frase do 
enunciado. “include” é um sinônimo de “incorporate”. Dizer “in several diverse ways” é o 
mesmo que dizer “the ways...are extremely diverse”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Directions: Answer question 22 and 23 according to TEXT I. 
TEXT I 
Over 100,000 Flamingos Reportedly Descend on Mumbai Amid India's Strict Coronavirus 
Lockdown 
As people around the world stay inside to fight the spread of coronavirus, wild animals have 
begun to enjoy the newfound space. That appears to be what’s happened in the metropolitan 
region of Mumbai, India, where a record-breaking number of flamingos have migrated, painting 
the wetlands pink, according to local reports. 
The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) estimates that around 25% more flamingos have 
migrated to the region compared to last year, likely caused by the decrease in human activity, 
the Hindustan Times reports. The Science Times calculates around 150,000 flamingos have come 
to the area. 
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India has been under a strict lockdown since March 25, which has required over a billion 
people to stay home and shutter all but essential services, in an attempt to stop the spread of 
COVID-19, the disease causedby novel coronavirus. On May 1, the Indian government extended 
the lockdown through May 18. 
Flamingos typically migrate to wetlands of the metropolitan region of Mumbai from November 
to May, Rhul Khot, the assistant director of the BNHS, told the Times. But this year’s lockdown 
“is giving these birds peace for roosting, no disturbance in their attempt to obtain food and 
overall encouraging habitat,” Deepak Apte, the director of the BNHS, explained, per Times. He 
added that the increase is also likely tied to a successful breeding season two years ago, as well 
as the destruction of wetlands on India’s eastern seafront that could be pushing the birds to the 
Mumbai region, per the Times. 
Khot also told the Times that an increase in “domestic sewage” from people staying at home 
during the lockdown “is helping the undisturbed formation of planktons, algae and 
microbenthos formation, which forms the food for flamingos and other wetland birds.” 
As the coronavirus pandemic has continued, animals have been spotted throughout the world 
in places that are usually dominated by humans. CNN reports that dolphins have swam in India’s 
Ganges river for the first time in years, and hundreds of monkeys have “descended” on Delhi as 
the city remains under lockdown. Cougars were reportedly spotted prowling the streets in 
Santiago, Chile, in April; wild Kashmiri goats meandered through on the town of Llandudno, 
Wales, in March. 
“Residents are cooped up at home spending their mornings and evenings at their balconies 
taking photographs and videos of these relaxed birds,” Sunil Agarwal, a resident of Seawoods in 
Navi Mumbai, told the Times about the flamingos. “The lockdown will at least prompt people to 
focus on what is around them, which they had been taking for granted, and hopefully this site 
will be declared a flamingo sanctuary soon.” 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5831198/flamingos-coronavirus/) 
 
22. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Mark the alternative that DOESN’T complete the 
sentence below. 
Wildlife has been seen during the pandemic in 
a) Delhi, where monkeys were seen in the city during the lockdown. 
b) Ganges river, India, where dolphins were seen for the first time in years. 
c) Santiago, where cougars were seen in the forests outside the city. 
d) Llandudno, where kashmiri goats were seen rambling through the town. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A alternativa completa a sentença de forma correta, já que o 
texto diz que macacos foram vistos em Deli durante o confinamento forçado. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Esta alternativa também completa de forma correta a sentença, 
pois o texto afirma que golfinhos foram vistos no rio Ganges pela primeira vez em anos. 
A alternativa C está correta. Ela não completa de forma correta pois diz que os pumas foram 
vistos em florestas fora da cidade de Santiago, enquanto o texto diz que os pumas foram vistos 
rondando as ruas da cidade. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto, de fato, afirma que caprinos foram vistos vagando pela 
cidade em Llandudno. A diferença é que a alternativa usa a palavra “rambling” ao invés de 
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“meandering”, o que não acarreta mudança de sentido, já que as duas palavras são sinônimas 
nesse contexto. 
GABARITO: C 
 
23. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Read the sentences and mark the correct option. 
I. Lockdown has been good to people and animals, who can have the city for themselves. 
II. People being cooped up at home is a good thing for animals that can enjoy new spaces. 
III. This number of flamingos migrating to the region of Mumbai was only possible due to 
humans destroying their original habitat. 
The only correct sentence(s) is(are) 
a) II. 
b) III. 
c) I and II. 
d) I and III. 
Comentários: 
A sentença I está incorreta. O texto afirma que o confinamento das pessoas foi bom para os 
animais, mas não afirma que as pessoas também se beneficiam do confinamento. 
A sentença II está correta. O fato de as pessoas estarem confinadas em casa é bom para os 
animais, pois eles têm muito mais liberdade para explorar novos lugares na cidade sem ter 
contato com humanos. 
A sentença III está incorreta. O texto não afirma que os flamingos só vão pra região de Mumbai 
porque o habitat original deles foi destruído pelos humanos. O texto apenas diz que esse é um 
dos fatores que contribuem para o aumento da migração das aves para essa região. 
Somente a sentença II está correta. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Directions: Answer question 24 according to TEXT II. 
TEXT II 
It's boom time for podcasts – but will going mainstream kill the magic? 
Fifteen years ago, when the word podcast was added to the dictionary, only the tech-savvy 
were listening. Now, as star names pile in, they’re big business. Can the quality survive? 
Hello friends! Do you fancy listening to “a new type of time-shifted amateur radio”? No? 
How about a brilliant podcast? Of course you do. 
Fifteen years ago, Macworld, a magazine for fans of Apple products, announced, with 
limited fanfare, that Apple was about to add podcasts to iTunes, its music download offer. 
Unfortunately, few readers knew what a podcast was, hence Macworld’s “time-shifted radio” 
definition. In June 2005, the idea of having thousands of ready-to-hear audio shows, anything 
from true-crime documentaries to all-chums-together comedy, to up-to-the-minute news to 
gripping drama to revealing interviews, and being able to listen to these shows whenever you 
want, wherever you are – well, that wasn’t quite happening. So Apple’s move didn’t seem 
important. Nor did the fact that the Oxford English Dictionary added “podcast” to its lexicon in 
the same year, after tech journalist Ben Hammersley came up with the term in 2004 (which 
was also the year the BBC launched a downloadable version of In Our Time). Podcasts were 
new. It takes time for the new to become everyday. 
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Podcasts were mostly unheard of, except by the tech savvy. They were either 
downloadable versions of existing radio shows or they were chatty riffs, made by amateurs 
who knew how to upload their aural blogs online. Still, they were interesting. At least to me. 
Soon after podcasts’ iTunes debut, I started a new job as the Observer’s radio critic. Great job – 
except there was a limited choice of programmes for me to review. Radio schedules rarely 
changed. Presenters stayed in their jobs for years. The BBC dominated speech radio, aside 
from phone-ins; hardly any other broadcaster had the money to make documentaries or 
drama. 
Podcasts rescued me from aural monotony; I wrote my first piece about them in the 
summer of 2006. Apparently Coke Machine Glow and The Dawn and Drew Show were the ones 
to look out for (me neither, now). The podcast I do recall from then is The Ricky Gervais Show; 
this dominated the brand new iTunes podcast chart for weeks. Initially free, in early 2006 it 
switched to a pay-per-listen model and proved both a forerunner and an outlier: since then, 
much podcast uptake has been driven by comedy, but most shows are still free to listeners, 
paid for by adverts that appear during episodes. 
Today, the iTunes podcast chart is bustling with old hands and new kids on the block. 
Here are No Such Thing As a Fish, Fearne Cotton’s Happy Place, That Peter Crouch Podcast, 
Katherine Ryan: Telling Everybody Everything. Here are sections for new and noteworthy, 
cultivating calm, keeping the kids busy. There are lists of the top 10 episodes, top 10 shows; all 
aside from the 19 other regular categories: news, arts, true crime… So many podcasts! There 
are oodles of shows, too many to ever get through. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/may/03/its-boom-time-for-podcasts-but-will-going-mainstream-kill-the-magic) 
 
24. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Read the sentence. 
“Podcasts were mostly unheard of, except by the tech savvy.” (paragraph 3) 
All the sentences below express a similar idea, EXCEPT 
a) Aside tech savvy people, podcasts were mostly unheard of. 
b) Aside tech savvy people, few knew podcasts. 
c) many people knew podcasts, except by the tech savvy. 
d) podcasts were mostly unheard of for those that were not tech savvy. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A ideia passada pela frase da alternativa é a mesma da frase do 
enunciado. A palavra “aside” foi usada no lugar de “except”, o que não muda o sentido da 
frase. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A ideia passada pela frase da alternativa é a mesma da frase do 
enunciado. É correto dizer que além dos esclarecidos em tecnologia, poucos conheciam os 
podcasts, pois o texto escreve a mesma coisa de maneira um pouco diferente. 
A alternativa C está correta. O erro da alternativa está no fato de dizer que muitas pessoas 
conheciam os podcasts, exceto pelos esclarecidos em tecnologia. Esse trecho dá a entender 
que os esclarecidos em tecnologia não conheciam os podcasts, e que o público geral conhecia, 
mas o texto diz o contrário disso. 
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A alternativa D está incorreta. A ideia passada pela frase da alternativa é a mesma da frase do 
enunciado. A frase só está em uma ordem diferente, mas diz que os podcasts eram 
desconhecidos da maioria que não fazia parte do grupo de esclarecidos em tecnologia. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Directions: Answer questions 25 to 27 according to TEXT I. 
TEXT I 
The WHO has redefined burnout as a syndrome linked to chronic work stress. There’s a 
difference between a busy workload and something more serious, writes Zaria Gorvett. 
If you said you were suffering from ‘burnout’ in the early 1970s, you might have raised some 
eyebrows. 
At the time, the term was used informally to describe the side effects that heavy drug users 
experienced: the general dimming of the mental faculties, for example, as was the case with 
many a party animal. However, when German-American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger 
first recognised the problem of burnout in New York City in 1974, at a clinic for addicts and 
homeless people, Freudenberger wasn’t thinking of drug users. 
The clinic’s volunteers were actually struggling, too: their work was intense, and many were 
beginning to feel demotivated and emotionally drained. Though they had once found their jobs 
rewarding, they had become cynical and depressed; they weren’t giving their patients the 
attention they deserved. Freudenberger defined this alarming new condition as a state of 
exhaustion caused by prolonged overwork – and borrowed the term ‘burnout’ to describe it. 
Its popularity was explosive, and today burnout is a global phenomenon. Although statistics on 
the prevalence of burnout specifically are hard to come by, 595,000 people in the UK alone 
suffered from workplace stress in 2018. 
Sportspeople get it. YouTube stars get it. Entrepreneurs get it. Freudenberger himself 
eventually got it. Late last month, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the 
trendy problem will be recognised in the latest International Classification of Diseases manual, 
where it is described as a syndrome “resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been 
successfully managed”. 
According to the WHO, burnout has three elements: feelings of exhaustion, mental 
detachment from one’s job and poorer performance at work. But waiting until you’re already 
fully burned out to do something about it doesn’t help at all –and you wouldn’t wait to treat any 
other illness until it was too late. 
 
Feeling the burn 
So how can you tell if you’re almost – but not quite – burned out? 
 “A lot of the signs and symptoms of pre-burnout would be very similar to depression,” says 
Siobhán Murray, a psychotherapist based in County Dublin, Ireland, and the author of a book 
about burnout, The Burnout Solution. Murray suggests looking out for creeping bad habits, such 
as increased alcohol consumpution and relying on sugar to get you through the day. Also watch 
out for feelings of tiredness that won’t go away. “So that even if you do sleep well, by 10 in the 
morning you’re already counting down the hours to bed. Or not having the energy to exercise or 
go for a walk.” 
As soon as you begin to feel this way, Murray advises going to see your doctor. 
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“Depression and pre-burnout are very similar, but as much as there was a lot of enthusiasm 
recently that burnout has now become a medical condition, it is still not – it is still classified as 
an occupational phenomenon.” It’s important to get help from a medical professional who can 
distinguish between the two, because although there are many treatment options for 
depression, burnout is still best tackled by making lifestyle changes. 
And how do you know if you’re really on the cusp of burnout, or just going through a 
challenging month? “Stress is really important, and anxiety is what motivates us to do well,” 
says Murray. “It’s when we’re continually exposed to stress and anxiety, that we’re not letting 
go, that it starts to turn into burnout.” 
Take that big project you’ve been working on. It’s normal to feel a kick of adrenaline when you 
think about it, and maybe it’s kept you up at night. But, Murray suggests, if you still feel restless 
once it’s over, it’s time to consider if you’re at risk of burnout. “It’s when you’re bringing that 
with you into the next stage of your day, and adding to it continually,” she says. 
Another classic sign of inching closer to burnout is cynicism: feeling like your work has little 
value, avoiding social commitments and becoming more susceptible to disappointment. 
“Someone on the brink will probably begin to feel emotionally numbed or mentally distant,” 
says Jacky Francis Walker, a psychotherapist based in London who specialises in burnout. “Like 
they don’t have the capacity to engage as much in the ordinary things of life.” 
She also recommends looking for the final tell-tale sign of burnout, which is the unshakeable 
feeling that the quality of your work is beginning to slip. “People say ‘but this isn’t me!’, ‘I’m not 
like this’, ‘I can usually do x,y and z’. But obviously if they are in a state of physical depletion, 
then they aren’t in their normal range of capabilities,” says Walker. 
If this seems less than scientific, look to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), a test designed 
to measure burnout. The most widely used is the MBI-General Survey, which measures things 
like exhaustion, cynicism, and some how well you think you’re doing at work. 
First published in 1981, it has been cited hundreds of times in studies since. Although it’s 
typically used to measure burnout once it's in full swing, there’s no reason you can't apply it to 
see if you’re getting close. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190610-how-to-tell-if-youve-got-pre-burnout) 
 
25. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) According to the text, mark the correct alternative. 
a) The psychologist discovered burnout by accident while analizing drug addicts and homeless. 
b) The clinic’s volunteers were having a good time doing their work. 
c) Anyone is subject to get it if they reach exhaustion due to prolonged overwork and stress. 
d) Drug addicts were the first to suffer from burnout due to their stressful routine. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto não nos permite entender que a descoberta do 
psicólogo foi acidental, mas sim proposital, pois ele não estava observando os pacientes da 
clínica, mas os voluntários. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto diz queos voluntários estavam desmotivados e 
passando por dificuldades no trabalho, e não que eles estavam se divertindo ou felizes. 
A alternativa C está correta. O texto cita diversos exemplos de pessoas que foram afetadas 
pelo burnout, nos dando a entender que toda e qualquer pessoa está sujeita ao burnout se 
chegarem à exaustão por conta de stress e excesso de trabalho por períodos prolongados. 
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A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto diz que foram os voluntários da clínica que foram 
observados pelo psicólogo, e não os pacientes. Foi baseado na observação dos voluntários que 
ele chegou à definição de burnout. 
GABARITO: C 
 
26. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Mark the alternative that DOESN’T complete the 
sentence below. 
The psychologist Herbert Freudenberger 
a) was who first used the word burnout to describe this exhaustion condition. 
b) recognised the problem of burnout in 1974 in New York City for the first time. 
c) created this condition so that he would become known for discovering a disease. 
d) defined burnout as a state of exhaustion caused by prolonged overwork. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A alternativa completa a sentença de forma correta, já que o 
texto diz que o psicólogo foi quem primeiro usou a palavra burnout para descrever a condição 
de exaustão descrita pelo texto. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Esta alternativa também completa de forma correta a sentença, 
pois o texto afirma que ele reconheceu o problema do burnout pela primeira vez em Nova 
Iorque no ano de 1974. 
A alternativa C está correta. Ela não completa de forma correta pois diz que o psicólogo criou a 
condição para que pudesse ficar conhecido por ter descoberto uma doença. O problema é que 
ele não criou nada, a condição já existia, ele apenas observou e deu um nome a ela. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Esta alternativa diz exatamente a mesma coisa que é dita no 
texto. O psicólogo definiu burnout como um estado de exaustão causado por excesso de 
trabalho prolongado. 
GABARITO: C 
 
27. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – inédita) Mark the correct alternative to complete the 
sentence. 
According to the text, the burnout 
a) makes people happy because they feel that they are performing at their best. 
b) is best tackled and can be reversed by making lifestyle changes. 
c) has been responsible for many deaths around the world since the 1970’s. 
d) is responsible for kicks of adrenaline when you think about a project you’ve been working 
on. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto não afirma, em momento algum, que as pessoas estão 
felizes porque elas sentem que estão desempenhando sua melhor performance. Na verdade, o 
texto afirma que o desempenho das pessoas piora com o burnout. 
A alternativa B está correta. O texto diz que o burnout é abordado da melhor forma quando há 
mudanças no estilo de vida da pessoa. Essa é a melhor forma de lidar com problema conhecida 
até o momento. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto não fala em mortes causadas pelo problema do burnout. 
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A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto não diz que o burnout é responsável por picos de 
adrenalina, o texto diz que é normal se sentir assim quando se está envolvido em um projeto 
grande, e que só é preocupante caso os sintomas não sumam após a conclusão desse projeto. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Directions: Answer questions 28 and 29 according to TEXT I. 
TEXT I 
My daughter wants to quit college, but still have us pay her rent 
The dilemma After a gap year, my daughter is in her first year at university. She really doesn’t 
find her course interesting and wants to quit. However, she wants to carry on living with her 
friends and has committed to renting a house with them. She thinks we should continue to pay 
her rent, which we would do if she was attending the course. It’s a financial struggle for us, and 
my husband is totally against it. 
I understand her reasoning – if we would fund her to do a degree she is not interested in and 
have a miserable year, why wouldn’t we pay her to live with her friends and do her own thing? 
We said she needs to work and figure out a way to pay her own way, but we’re wondering 
realistically what jobs will be available by September. 
I suggested going back, thinking hard about the modules she takes and seeing how it goes. But 
she says it’s trapping her and she will end up with a dead-end degree. She does not want to 
transfer to another course as none of them interest her (her field is quite specialised). A fresh 
opinion on this would be welcome! 
Mariella replies I’ll try my best. We both know you’re set on a collision course with your child 
unless you capitulate. Continuing to subsidise your daughter to live with her friends despite the 
absence of any tangible plan sounds like a recipe for disaster. It’s a scenario fraught with bad 
messaging that’s likely to create damaging and unrealistic expectations. You don’t want to send 
out a signal that, no matter how little she invests in her own future, you’ll be there to cushion 
her fall. A dead-end degree is at least a journey towards a destination rather than an open-
ended drift. I’m not pushing for the academic qualification, that’s her choice to make, but it 
certainly isn’t your responsibility to support her if she’s giving up on full-time education. 
Being free to make your own choices is partly predicated on being able to support yourself. 
Achieving that state of independence is why people embark on careers. Without the compulsion 
to make her own money your daughter could begin to make life choices based on whims and 
fads rather than realistic ambitions. Your bank balance doesn’t sound like it can sustain that 
level of investment in the long term, and nor should it have to. 
Having never enjoyed any form of financial cushion and being, I’ve come to realise, 
fundamentally lazy, I can’t imagine what would have motivated me to work unless I had to. The 
idea of loitering around pleasing myself has always appealed – so childhood penury was, in 
some ways, a privilege. 
I’m sure your daughter is a great girl and settling back and kicking up your heels during a global 
financial meltdown when jobs are scarce and prospects bleak might be a tempting solution. 
Who wouldn’t want to bolt the door and watch reruns of Friends with mates rather than 
stepping, seemingly futilely, out into the world? But now is the very time when the fightback has 
to begin and it’s your daughter’s generation who have the opportunity to reshape this world 
into something more sustainable. 
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So, I’m not impressed with her assumption that the bank of Mum and Dad should continue to 
pay out following a gap year and an abandoned college degree. It’s a bleak period for anyone 
seeking employment and particularly the young, which makes it all the more illogical for your 
daughter to abandon university when alternative possibilities are at a historic low. 
There are those who seem to adopt as their default position in life the right to make poor 
choices and then rely on others to subsidise them. It’s a bad habit to get into and not one you 
want to encourage. Any action you take now to get your daughter to look at the world more 
realistically may be painful in the short term, but it will pay dividends for her future. I think 
you’re right to suggest she looks around for a course that she has more interest in, or would 
enjoy more. The deal seems to me a simple one: we’ll subsidise you while you’re spending your 
time in pursuit of education, but once you quit to pursue other options that financialarrangement ends. I’m not suggesting there won’t be further occasions when she might seek 
out your financial support, but to exist on a daily basis on someone else’s earnings while not 
bothering to chase down a salary is the height of misplaced entitlement. 
This is not an easy time to be making your way in the world so a crash course in positive 
decision-making, a chastening blast of reality and discovering the value of expanding options 
rather than shutting them down, could prove as worthy as her degree. We all want our children 
to be happy and to cushion them when they fall, so perhaps the toughest phase of parenting is 
actually when we set them free to make and then learn from their own mistakes. If your girl has 
a plan to share, with a goal and an endpoint, I’d definitely give it a hearing, but if it’s as 
noncommittal as the one she’s currently offering, my answer would be a firm no. Then again my 
children think I’m horrible! 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/jun/28/dar-mariella-my-daughter-wants-to-quit-college-but-still-have-
us-pay-her-rent) 
 
28. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the alternative that DOESN’T complete the 
sentence below. 
According to Mariella, 
a) if the parents continue to pay for their daughter rent, it would lead to a disaster. 
b) parents should not send a message that they will be there to cushion their children’s fall no 
matter what. 
c) the daughter should go back and think hard about the modules she takes and how it goes. 
d) a dead-end degree is at least a journey towards a destination. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A alternativa completa a sentença de forma correta, já que o 
texto diz que é opinião da Mariella que se os pais dela continuarem a pagar o aluguel dela, isso 
poderia levar a um desastre. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Esta alternativa também completa de forma correta a sentença, 
pois o texto afirma que os pais não devem passar a mensagem de que eles sempre estarão lá 
para amortecer a queda dos filhos, não importa o que aconteça. 
A alternativa C está correta. Essa alternativa não completa corretamente a frase do enunciado, 
pois quem disse o que está escrito na alternativa foi a mãe da menina, e não Mariella. 
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A alternativa D está incorreta. Esta alternativa diz exatamente a mesma coisa que é dita no 
texto. O texto diz que fazer uma graduação, ainda que ela não te leve a nada, é pelo menos 
uma jornada em direção a algo, e é melhor do que ficar completamente à deriva. 
GABARITO: C 
 
29. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the sentence. 
“She thinks we should continue to pay her rent, which we would do if she was attending the 
course.” (paragraph 1) 
Thealternative that expresses a similar idea to the sentence above is: 
a) we must continue to pay her rent, which we will do because she is attending the course. 
b) She knows we have to continue to pay her rent, which we would do if she had attended the 
course. 
c) She thinks we have to keep paying her rent, which we would do if she wasn’t missing the 
classes. 
d) She thinks we might continue to pay her rent, which we could do if she was attending the 
course. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O uso da palavra “must” traz uma ideia de obrigação, enquanto 
“should” possui ideia de algo que é recomendável que seja feito, mas não uma obrigação em 
si. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O uso de “knows” distorce o trecho, pois “thinks” mostra que ela 
acha algo, enquanto knows significa sabe. O uso do past perfect na parte seguinte do trecho 
também não se aplica, pois não se trata do passado de algo que já estava no passado, mas sim 
do passado simples. 
A alternativa C está correta. É bastante aceitável trocar “should” por “have to” nessa situação. 
Além disso, é correto substituir “se ela estivesse participando do curso” por “se ela não 
estivesse perdendo as aulas”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Might” passa a ideia de possibilidade, enquanto “should” traz a 
ideia de recomendação, ou uma obrigação muito leve. “Could” não pode substituir “would” de 
forma apropriada, pois o primeiro tem ideia de possibilidade, enquanto o segundo dá a 
entender que se trata de algo certo de acontecer caso a condição da filha ir às aulas seja 
cumprida. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Directions: Answer questions 30 to 34 according to TEXT I. 
 
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We Need a COVID-19 Vaccine. We Also Need Transparency About Its 
Development 
 The authorization of an effective vaccine will mark perhaps the biggest turning 
point in the battle against coronavirus, but only if enough people are willing to get 
vaccinated. There have been substantial declines in public willingness to get vaccinated 
against COVID-19, despite immense, unprecedented public investments in vaccine 
development. In one survey, barely half of Americans said they would get the vaccine as 
soon as it was available, numbers that will undermine the benefits of even a highly effective 
vaccine. 
 It is no mystery why trust in a potential vaccine has plummeted. Operation Warp 
Speed, the Trump Administration’s $10 billion vaccine initiative, and other vaccine efforts 
have compressed processes that usually take years into months. This speed alone can raise 
concerns, but to date, that pace has been matched with strict adherence to the basic 
principles of scientific integrity. However, increasing politicization of key regulatory bodies 
and unexplained decisions in trial procedures threaten to undermine the entire project. 
We need a lot more transparency in this process to ensure that only a vaccine proven by 
data to be safe and effective will be approved. 
 Unlike medical treatments given to the sick, vaccines are given to healthy people. 
Historically, vaccines have been very safe and highly effective due to the rigor and care of 
both the scientists conducting the trials, and the regulators deciding whether to approve 
vaccines for public use. Even rare adverse events are carefully identified and studied. For 
vaccinations to work, we must be able to trust our doctors when they tell us it is time for 
a shot. 
 The coronavirus vaccine approval process has consequences that extend well 
beyond the pandemic. Driven by misinformation, so-called “vaccine hesitancy” has been 
growing for years. But as long as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) could be trusted 
to rigorously follow the science, most of us continued to get vaccinated. That has changed 
in the pandemic. The politicization of the FDA—apparent in the handling of the 
authorization of hydroxychloroquine and convalescent plasma, amongst others—has 
substantially damaged faith in the FDA. If the FDA again acts politically in approving a 
vaccine, it will further increase vaccine hesitancy. If safety concerns emerge after the 
vaccine has been approved, confidence in vaccines could be destroyed for a generation, in 
a single stroke, undoing a century of public health gains. 
 But restoring trust in FDA alone will not be enough. We need the companies making 
the vaccines, and the researchers studying the data, to act differently as well. Recently, 
one of the major trials—for the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine, supported by more than $1 
billion in public funds from Operation Warp Speed—was paused following a possible 
adverse reaction to the virus in a trial participant. But while the leadership of AstraZeneca 
mentioned the event in a private phone call with investors, they did not share the details 
with the public. A few days later, the trials resumed again, with little information of what 
changed. This will not do. Given that the American taxpayer has invested billions of dollars 
into these trials, and will foot thebill for billions more when the vaccine is released, the 
American people have a right to know much more. 
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 Beyond more fully disclosing safety events, the pharmaceutical companies working 
to develop a vaccine should publish the protocols of their clinical trial protocols, as 
Moderna did on Thursday, so we understand how the trials are structured, if changes have 
been made, and why. This is essential. Further, they should publish their analysis plan so 
the public can see what subgroups of patients the investigators had planned to study, why, 
and whether their approach is sound. Each time a trial is paused tell the public what 
happened, how it was investigated, and why the trial was allowed to continue. 
 Making these critical documents public would be unusual—they usually aren’t 
made public until a trial is published. However, these are extraordinary times and failure 
to secure confidence in a COVID-19 vaccine would have disastrous consequences. 
 With just weeks until the election, the pressure on the FDA to quickly approve a 
vaccine will mount. But the more the timeline is politicized, the more vaccine hesitancy 
will grow. Transparency can stem the tide of skepticism, even if it cannot entirely 
extinguish the persistent current of misinformation and mistrust of science. We must 
practice aggressive transparency, and let the FDA’s career scientists, not political 
appointees, make the decisions about approvals and explain those decisions to the 
American people. 
 The public’s faith in the vaccine development process is a critical component of the 
vaccine, because vaccines don’t save lives, vaccinations do. For a vaccine to help bring this 
pandemic under control, hundreds of thousands of healthy Americans must undergo 
vaccination. We need to assure them that the vaccines work—and that they are safe. These 
are unprecedented times. They need unprecedented transparency. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5890216/transparency-covid-vaccine-development/) 
 
30. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, mark the correct alternative 
 
a) The importance of the vaccine is overrated 
b) The vaccine will only be effective if society acts together 
c) Despite the current numbers, there was an increase in the number of people who want to 
get vaccinated 
d) Despite the need, there have been no major investments in a vaccine 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto não afirma que a importância da vacina é 
superestimada, mas sim, que a vacina seria um ponto de virada na luta contra o corona vírus, 
ou seja, é importante. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The authorization of 
an effective vaccine will mark perhaps the biggest turning point in the battle against 
coronavirus…”. 
A alternativa B está correta. O texto afirma que a vacina só será eficaz se a sociedade atuar 
em conjunto, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...but 
only if enough people are willing to get vaccinated”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto não afirma que apesar dos números atuais, houve um 
aumento no número de pessoas que querem se vacinar, mas sim, que houve um declínio 
nesse número. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “There have been substantial 
declines in public willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19…”. 
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A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto não afirma que apesar da necessidade, não houveram 
grandes investimentos em uma vacina, mas sim, que houveram muitos investimentos 
públicos em uma vacina. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...despite immense, 
unprecedented public investments in vaccine development”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
31. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the INCORRECT alternative, according to the 
second paragraph 
 
a) The reason why there is not much confidence in an effective vaccine, regarding the 
population, is known 
b) There have been many efforts by the authorities to speed up the vaccine production 
process 
c) The acceleration of vaccine production was well regarded and desired by the 
population 
d) Despite efforts, the covid-19 vaccine production process must be openly shared with 
the population 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o segundo parágrafo, é correto afirmar 
que a razão de não haver muita confiança em uma vacina eficaz, em relação à 
população, é conhecida, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com 
o trecho “It is no mystery why trust in a potential vaccine has plummeted”, o que faz 
com que esta seja uma opção com informações corretas. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o segundo parágrafo, é correto afirmar 
que tem havido muitos esforços por parte das autoridades para acelerar o processo de 
produção da vacina, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o 
trecho “Operation Warp Speed, the Trump Administration’s $10 billion vaccine 
initiative…”, o que faz com que esta seja uma opção com informações corretas. 
A alternativa C está correta. De acordo com o segundo parágrafo, não é correto afirmar 
que a aceleração do processo de produção de vacina foi bem visto e almejado pela 
população, mas sim, que houve uma queda na confiança em uma vacina eficaz, por 
conta da rapides. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “It is no mystery why trust in 
a potential vaccine has plummeted”, o que faz com que esta seja uma opção com 
informações incorretas. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o segundo parágrafo, é correto afirmar 
que apesar dos esforços, o processo de produção da vacina da Covid-19 deve ser 
abertamente compartilhado com a população, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode 
ser confirmado com o trecho “We need a lot more transparency in this process to 
ensure…”, o que faz com que esta seja uma opção com informações corretas. 
GABARITO: C 
 
32. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) We can deduce from the third paragraph that 
 
a) The vaccine can be compared to medicines 
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b) The vaccine needs more attention and care when it comes to production, 
considering its path since its invention 
c) When there is an adverse event, there is no deepening of it in order to clarify 
d) The effectiveness of the vaccine depends on the adherence of the entire population 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, não podemos 
deduzir que a vacina pode ser comparada aos remédios, mas sim, que ela não pode ser 
comparada a eles. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Unlike medical treatments 
given to the sick, vaccines are given to healthy people…”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, não podemos 
deduzir que a vacina precisa de mais atenção e cuidado quando se trata de produção, 
considerando sua trajetória desde sua invenção, mas sim, que historicamente, a vacina 
tem sido segura e muito eficaz por conta do cuidado ao produzir. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “Historically, vaccines have been very safe and highly effective 
due to the rigor and care of both the scientists conducting the trials, and…”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, não podemos 
deduzir que quando há um evento adverso, não existe nenhum aprofundamento no 
mesmo com o intuito de esclarecimento, mas sim, que quando isso acontece, ocorrem 
identificações e estudos. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Even rare adverse 
events are carefully identified and studied”. 
A alternativa D está correta. De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, podemos deduzir que 
a eficáciada vacina depende da adesão de toda a população, assim como esta opção 
indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “For vaccinations to work, we must be 
able to trust our doctors when they tell us it is time for a shot”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
33. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Considering the use of the verb tense, mark the 
alternative that completes the sentence below correctly 
 
The Food and Drug Administration 
 
a) Was more reliable before its politicization 
b) Will be more reliable after its politicization 
c) Is being very reliable with its new politicization 
d) Will not be less reliable with its new politicization 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. O tempo verbal em “was” indica uma ação finalizada no 
passado (simple past), o que se encaixa no contexto considerando que a FDA era mais 
confiável antes de sua politização. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The 
politicization of the FDA … has substantially damaged faith in the FDA…”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O tempo verbal em “will be” indica uma ação que 
acontecerá no futuro (simple future), o que não se encaixa na frase considerando que 
a FDA era (was) mais confiável antes de sua politização, e não que será mais confiável 
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após sua politização. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The politicization of the 
FDA … has substantially damaged faith in the FDA…”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O tempo verbal em “is being” indica uma ação que está 
acontecendo no presente (present continuous), o que não se encaixa na frase 
considerando que a FDA era (was) mais confiável antes de sua politização, e não que 
está sendo mais confiável com sua nova politização. Isso pode ser confirmado com o 
trecho “The politicization of the FDA … has substantially damaged faith in the FDA…”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O tempo verbal em “will not be” indica uma ação que 
não acontecerá no futuro (simple future), o que não se encaixa na frase considerando 
que a FDA era (was) mais confiável antes de sua politização, e não que não será menos 
confiável com sua nova politização. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The 
politicization of the FDA … has substantially damaged faith in the FDA…”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
34. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the option that shows the appropriate 
question tag for the sentence 
 
“If safety concerns emerge after the vaccine has been approved, confidence in 
vaccines could be destroyed for a generation”, ___? (paragraph 4) 
 
a) Can it 
b) Can’t it 
c) Couldn’t it 
d) Isn’t it 
Comentários: 
A única opção possível, nesse caso, é “couldn’t it?” pois é a única opção que faz relação 
com a palavra citada anteriormente na frase, “could”, ou seja, é etiqueta de pergunta 
que melhor se encaixa ao se referir a confiança nas vacinas. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read Text I to do question 35 based on it. 
Text 1 
California wildfires: Hikers rescued as blazes rage 
Rescuers in California have been airlifting dozens of people trapped by a huge fire, as crews 
continue to battle blazes across the state. 
An initial attempt to rescue the group, stranded in mountain refuge for two nights, was 
abandoned on Monday night because of smoke from the Creek Fire. But helicopters were able 
to land early on Tuesday to whisk the hikers to safety. Fires in California have burned through a 
record 2m acres in recent weeks. 
In total, these blazes span an area larger than the US state of Delaware. On Tuesday, California's 
Department of Forestry and Fire Protection issued a "red flag" warning for nearly the entire 
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state as well as parts of neighbouring states. The warning is meant to signal that the state is at 
maximum risk for fast-moving fires. 
California is currently experiencing a historic heatwave. Los Angeles County reported its highest-
ever temperature of 49.4C (121F) on Sunday. Temperatures have dropped since then, but high 
winds are expected to fan the flames until Wednesday. More than 14,000 firefighters are 
battling 25 major blazes in California. 
The Creek Fire is the largest one. It broke out in the Sierra Mountains - a major tourism spot - 
north-east of Fresno on Friday. The fire has burned about 144,000 acres and none of it has been 
contained, Fresno fire chief Tony Escobedo said late on Monday. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54075478) 
35. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) bout the people who were rescued, it’s correct to 
affirm that 
a) They were comfortably waiting for the rescue team. 
b) They had to wait for a few hours to allow rescuers to get to their position. 
c) They were only rescued by a helicopter after 2 days in a mountain refuge. 
d) They were rescued by the firefighters’ truck after 2 days in the mountains. 
e) They are still waiting for the helicopter to airlift them. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que eles estavam confortavelmente 
esperando pelo resgate. Pois eles estavam num refúgio nas montanhas aguardando por 2 
dias. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que eles esperaram por algumas horas, 
pois eles esperaram por dois dias. 
A alternativa C está correta. É correto afirmar que eles foram resgatados por um helicóptero 
após dois dias num refúgio na montanha. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que eles foram resgatados por um 
caminhão do corpo de bombeiros, pois eles foram, na verdade, resgatados por um 
helicóptero. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que eles ainda estão aguardando pelo 
resgate, pois eles já foram resgatados por um helicóptero. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read the text II to do item 36. 
TEXT II 
Climate change: Summers could become 'too hot for humans' 
Millions of people around the world could be exposed to dangerous levels of heat stress - a 
dangerous condition which can cause organs to shut down. 
Many live in developing countries, and do jobs that expose them to potentially life 
threatening conditions. These include being out in the open on farms and building sites or 
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indoors in factories and hospitals. Global warming will increase the chances of summer 
conditions that may be "too hot for humans" to work in. 
When we caught up with Dr Jimmy Lee, his goggles were steamed up and there was 
sweat trickling off his neck. An emergency medic, he's labouring in the stifling heat of tropical 
Singapore to care for patients with Covid-19. There's no air conditioning - a deliberate choice, to 
prevent the virus being blown around - and he notices that he and his colleagues become "more 
irritable, more short with each other". 
And his personal protective equipment, essential for avoiding infection, makes things 
worse by creating a sweltering 'micro-climate' under the multiple layers of plastic. "It really hits 
you when you first go in there," Dr Lee says, "and it's really uncomfortable over a whole shift of 
eight hours - it affects morale." 
One danger, he realises, is that overheating can slow down their ability to do something 
that's vital for medical staff - make quick decisions. Another is that they may ignore the warning 
signs of what's called heat stress - such as faintness and nausea - and keep on working till they 
collapse. 
What is heat stress? 
It's when the body is unable to cool down properly so its core temperature keeps rising to 
dangerous levels and key organs can shut down. It happens when the main technique for getting 
rid of excess heat - the evaporation of sweat on the skin - can't take place because the air is too 
humid. And as Dr Leeand other medics have found, the impermeable layers of personal 
protection equipment (PPE) - designed to keep the virus out - have the effect of preventing the 
sweat from evaporating. 
According to Dr Rebecca Lucas, who researches physiology at the University of 
Birmingham, the symptoms can escalate from fainting and disorientation to cramps and failure 
of the guts and kidneys. "It can become very serious as you overheat, and in all areas of the 
body." 
How can we spot it? 
A system known as the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) measures not only heat but 
also humidity and other factors to give a more realistic description of the conditions. Back in the 
1950s, the US military used it to work out guidelines for keeping soldiers safe. 
When the WBGT reaches 29C, for example, the recommendation is to suspend exercise 
for anyone not acclimatised. Yet that's the level Dr Lee and his colleagues are regularly 
experiencing at Singapore's Ng Teng Fong General Hospital. And at the top of the scale - when 
the WBGT registers 32C - the US says strenuous training should stop because the risk becomes 
"extreme". 
But levels that high have recently been recorded inside hospitals in Chennai in India by 
Prof Vidhya Venugopal of the Sri Ramachandra University. She's also found workers in a salt pan 
enduring a WBGT that climbs during the day to 33C - at which point they have to seek shelter. 
And in a steel plant, a ferocious level of 41.7C was recorded, the workers being among the most 
vulnerable to what she calls "the huge heat". 
"If this happens day-in, day-out, people become dehydrated, there are cardiovascular 
issues, kidney stones, heat exhaustion," Prof Venugopal says. 
What solutions are there? 
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According to Dr Jimmy Lee, "it's not rocket science". People need to drink plenty of fluid 
before they start work, take regular breaks and then drink again when they rest. His hospital has 
started laying on "slushie" semi-frozen drinks to help the staff cool down. But he admits that 
avoiding heat stress is easier said than done. 
For him and his colleagues, going for rests involves the laborious process of changing out 
of PPE and then back into a new set of equipment. There's a practical problem as well - "some 
people do not want to drink so they can avoid having to go to the toilet," he says. And there's a 
professional desire to keep working whatever the difficulties so as not to let colleagues and 
patients down at a time of crisis. 
People who are highly motivated can actually be at the greatest risk of heat injury, says 
Dr Jason Lee, an associate professor in physiology at the National University of Singapore. He's a 
leading member of a group specialising in the dangers of excessive heat, the Global Heat Health 
Information Network, which has drawn up guidelines to help medics cope with Covid-19. 
It's spearheaded by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Meteorological 
Organization (WMO) and the US weather and climate agency Noaa. Dr Lee says that as well as 
measures like rest and fluids - and shade for outdoor workers - a key strategy for resisting heat 
stress is to be fit. "This climate change will be a bigger monster and we really need a 
coordinated effort across nations to prepare for what is to come. "If not," he says, "there'll be a 
price to be paid." 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53415298) 
 
36. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) According to the text, mark the INCORRECT option 
a) Heat stress is dangerous for indoors and outdoors workers. 
b) It’s not an easy task to work in hot conditions even if you keep hydrated. 
c) Dr. Jimmy Lee knows exactly what to do to be able to work in hot humid environments. 
d) Heat stress is caused by excessive sweating in hot and humid days. 
e) Heat stress can take place when the WTBG reaches 29C. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto afirma que tanto pessoas que trabalham em 
ambientes internos quanto externos sofrem com o estresse causado pelo calor. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto afirma que mesmo ao se hidratar e tirar períodos de 
descanso, é difícil lidar com o estresse causado pelo calor. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto afirma que Jimmy Lee sabe exatamente o que fazer 
para conseguir trabalhar em condições de calor e humidade elevadas, apesar de dizer que é 
muito mais fácil falar do que fazer. 
A alternativa D está correta. O texto afirma que o estresse causado pelo calor acontece 
quando o suor não evapora da nossa pele, e não pelo excesso de suor em si. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto afirma que há um risco de haver estresse causado pelo 
calor quando o WBTG chega a 29°C, exatamente como diz a alternativa. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Observe this comic strip to do item 37 
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 (Adapted from https://www.thecomicstrips.com/index.php?iid=184107) 
 
37. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Where is the irony in this comic strip? 
 
a) In the fact that she compared a drop, with the ocean 
b) In the man’s sarcasm 
c) In the fact that his responses were very long 
d) In the fact that the man created a connection between a drop and a dribble to respond 
the woman 
e) In the fact that the man didn’t understand what the woman was asking 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A ironia da tirinha não está no fato de que ela comparou uma 
gota com o oceano, mas sim, no sarcasmo do homem. 
A alternativa B está correta. A ironia da tirinha está no sarcasmo do homem, assim como 
essa opção indica. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A ironia da tirinha não está no fato de que a resposta dele foi 
muito longa, mas sim, no sarcasmo do homem. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A ironia da tirinha não está no fato de que o homem criou 
uma relação entre uma gota e o gotejar, mas sim, no sarcasmo do homem. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A ironia da tirinha não está no fato de que o homem não 
entendeu o que a mulher estava perguntando, mas sim, no sarcasmo do homem. 
GABARITO: B 
 
38. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the sentence and choose the option that 
rewrites the sentence, correctly 
 
I will study now and my brother will study later 
 
a) I will study but my brother will not 
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b) My brother and I are both studying right now 
c) Me and my brother are going to study today, but I’ll do it first 
d) My brother and I aren’t going to study today 
e) Me and my brother are going to study tomorrow 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase dada não diz que eu irei estudar, mas meu irmão não, 
ela diz que eu irei estudar agora e meu irmão irá estudar mais tarde. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase dada não diz que eu e meu irmão vamos estudar 
agora, ela diz que eu irei estudar agora e meu irmão irá estudar mais tarde. 
A alternativa C está correta. A frase dada diz que eu irei estudar agora e meu irmão irá 
estudar mais tarde, assim como essa opção indica. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase dada não diz que eu e meu irmão não vamos estudar 
hoje, ela diz que eu irei estudar agora e meu irmão irá estudar mais tarde. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A frase dada não diz que eu e meu irmão vamos estudar 
amanhã, ela diz que eu irei estudar agora e meu irmão irá estudar mais tarde. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Directions: Read the text below and answer question 39 according to it. 
TEXT 
5 thoughts on the tragedy of Minneapolis 
The killing of George Floyd is a tragedy that is now compounding into other tragedies. It's 
almost impossible to see clearly at a time of suchconfusion, but here are five thoughts on 
what's happening in Minneapolis and across the US. 
6. There's desperation across America, but it's most acute in urban black America, which has 
been hit hardest by our twin catastrophes. COVID-19 infection and death rates are highest 
there, and so are job losses. 
7. The apparent inability of police to treat black and white protesters the same is a genuine 
problem. It's great that police handled the provocative, heavily armed anti-lockdown 
protestors a few weeks ago with such restraint. Nothing escalated and no one was hurt. Those 
protesters were almost all white, and the cops they encountered were too. The Minneapolis 
protests, meanwhile, included lots of black protesters —and lots of young black men — and 
were met by mostly white cops. These protests began peacefully but quickly got out of control. 
Now there's looting and a police station on fire. The protesters' violence is inexcusable, but a 
calmer police response aimed at defusing the situation might have worked. It's worth asking 
why cops seem to have a harder time soothing tense situations with black crowds. 
8. Crowds make people into their worst, dumbest selves. The looting, arson, and violence are 
tragically stupid: They help no one and improve nothing. But the mania of crowds can bring 
out the ugliest in us. 
9. Urban rioting in America is often set off by the clumsy and often slow legal response to police 
violence. It's not necessarily the violence itself. It's the inability of the legal system to address 
the violence in a way that feels fair to communities. Minneapolis fired the four cops involved 
in the death of George Floyd immediately, which was a swift and direct response. The violent 
protests occurred when prosecutors took their time in deciding whether to charge the officers. 
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Even though videos of this appalling incident made a criminal charge seem warranted, the 
prosecutors' caution and care was understandable. The stakes are high: Charge cops too 
hastily or recklessly and risk breakdown between police and prosecutors. Never charge bad 
cops and sacrifice justice and lose the public trust. 
10. It's a tragedy that we have a president who doesn't know how to calm a situation like this, and 
in fact wants to inflame it. 
(Adapted from https://www.insider.com/tragedies-of-minneapolis-george-floyd-2020-5) 
 
39. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
The passage “Urban rioting in America is often set off by the clumsy and often slow legal 
response to police violence. It's not necessarily the violence itself. It's the inability of the legal 
system to address the violence in a way that feels fair to communities.” (paragraph 5) suggests 
that 
a) people are often more angry with the legal system about how they address violence. 
b) police violence is the most important factor that generates urban rioting in America. 
c) the legal system addresses violence in a way that feels fair to communities in America. 
d) clumsy and slow legal response to urban rioting is what causes police violence. 
 Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. O trecho diz que as pessoas estão mais frequentemente bravas 
com o sistema legal sobre como eles lidam com a violência policial do que com a violência em 
si. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O trecho não diz que a violência policial é o fator mais 
importante a gerar revoltas urbanas, mas que a resposta desajeitada e lenta do sistema legal a 
essa violência é a maior causadora de revolta na população. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O trecho fala sobre a incapacidade do sistema legal de lidar com 
a questão da violência de uma forma que pareça justa para a comunidade, e não que o sistema 
legal age de forma que parece justa para as comunidades. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não se pode afirmar que a resposta lenta e desajeitada do 
sistema legal é o que leva à violência policial, pois o texto diz que essa é a principal causa das 
revoltas urbanas, e não da violência policial. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Read text I in order to answer item 40. 
Helping at a hospital 
 
 Every year many young people finish school and then take a year off before they start work or 
go to college. Some of them go to other countries and work as volunteers. Volunteers give their 
time to help people. For example, they work in schools or hospitals, or they help with 
conservation. 
 Mike Coleman is 19 and ________ in Omaha, Nebraska, in the United States. He wants to 
become a teacher but now he ________ in Namibia. He's working in a hospital near Katima 
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Mulilo. He says, "I'm working with the doctors and nurses here to help sick people. I'm not a 
doctor but can do a lot of things to help. For example, I help carry people who can't walk. 
Sometimes I go to villages in the mobile hospital, too. There aren't many doctors here so they 
need help from people like me. don't get any money, but that's OK! I'm not here for the 
money." 
 "I'm staying here for two months, and I'm living in a small house with five other volunteers. The 
work is hard and the days are long, but I'm enjoying my life here. I'm learning a lot about life in 
Southern Africa and about myself! When I finish the two months' work, I want to travel in and 
around Namibia for three weeks. For example, I want to see the animals in the Okavango Delta 
in Botswana." 
http:// vyre-legacy-access.cambridge.org 
40. (CN – 2017) Read the fragment from the text. 
 
"When I finish the two months' work, I want to travel in and around Namibia for three weeks." 
(lines 19, 20 and 21) 
 
Because it is a plan, it is possible to rewrite the sentence substituting the underlined part for: 
 
(A) am traveling. 
(B) like traveling. 
(C) am going to travel. 
(D) can travel. 
(E) traveled. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Considerando que ainda é um plano, a frase “Quando terminar o 
trabalho de dois meses, quero viajar pela Namíbia e arredores por três semanas” não pode ser 
reescrita da seguinte forma, “Quando terminar o trabalho de dois meses, estarei viajando pela 
Namíbia e arredores por três semanas”, mas sim, da seguinte maneira “Quando terminar o 
trabalho de dois meses, vou viajar pela Namíbia e arredores por três semanas”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Considerando que ainda é um plano, a frase “Quando terminar o 
trabalho de dois meses, quero viajar pela Namíbia e arredores por três semanas” não pode ser 
reescrita da seguinte forma, “Quando termino os dois meses de trabalho, gosto de viajar na 
Namíbia e arredores por três semanas”, mas sim, da seguinte maneira “Quando terminar o 
trabalho de dois meses, vou viajar pela Namíbia e arredores por três semanas”. 
A alternativa C está correta. Considerando que ainda é um plano, a frase “Quando terminar o 
trabalho de dois meses, quero viajar pela Namíbia e arredores por três semanas” pode ser 
reescrita da seguinte forma “Quando terminar o trabalho de dois meses, vou viajar pela Namíbia 
e arredores por três semanas”, assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Considerando que ainda é um plano, a frase “Quando terminar o 
trabalho de dois meses, quero viajar pela Namíbia e arredores por três semanas” não pode ser 
reescrita da seguinte forma, “Quando terminar os dois meses de trabalho, poderei viajar pela 
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Namíbia e arredores por três semanas”, mas sim, da seguinte maneira “Quando terminar o 
trabalho de dois meses, vou viajar pela Namíbia e arredores por três semanas”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Considerando que ainda é um plano, a frase “Quando terminar o 
trabalho dedois meses, quero viajar pela Namíbia e arredores por três semanas” não pode ser 
reescrita da seguinte forma, “Quando terminei os dois meses de trabalho, viajei pela Namíbia e 
arredores por três semanas”, mas sim, da seguinte maneira “Quando terminar o trabalho de 
dois meses, vou viajar pela Namíbia e arredores por três semanas”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read the text II in order to answer item 41. 
 
My name is Patrick. I _______ on vacation to Brazil last Summer, and I ___________ in a five-
star hotel in front of the beach in Rio de Janeiro. 
I went to Rio by plane and I ___________ a month there. I __________ a lot of people and we a 
great time! I want to go back to Brazil as soon as possible. 
 
41. (CN – 2017) According to text II it's correct to say that the statements are true, EXCEPT: 
 
(A) He liked the trip and intends to visit Brazil again. 
(B) He flew to Rio de Janeiro to spend his vacation there. 
(C) Patrick had a great time with many people. 
(D) He traveled to Rio de Janeiro last summer. 
(E) He spent thirty days in a hotel near the city of Rio de Janeiro. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. É correto afirmar que ele gostou da viagem e pretende voltar ao 
Brasil. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...we a great time! I want to go back to Brazil as 
soon as possible”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. É correto afirmar que ele voou para o Rio de Janeiro para passar 
as férias lá. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “I _______ on vacation to Brazil last 
Summer...”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. É correto afirmar que Patrick se divertiu muito com muitas 
pessoas. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...a lot of people and we a great time!”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. É correto afirmar que ele viajou para o Rio de Janeiro no verão 
passado. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “I _______ on vacation to Brazil last 
Summer...”. 
A alternativa E está correta. Não é correto afirmar que ele passou trinta dias em um hotel 
próximo à cidade do Rio de Janeiro, mas sim, que ele passou um mês em um hotel em frente a 
uma praia no Rio de Janeiro. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “I ___________ in a five-
star hotel in front of the beach in Rio de Janeiro”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
Directions: Read the text below and answer questions 42 and 43 according to it. 
 
TEXT Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ by Valerie Strauss 
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 The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized 30 years ago when we now 
worldrenowned psychologist Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The 
Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which detailed a new model of human intelligence that went 
beyond the traditional view that there was a single kind that could be measured by standardized 
tests. 
Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, logical-
mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he later added an 
eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The theory became highly 
popular with K-12¹ educators around the world seeking ways to reach students who did not 
respond to traditional approaches, but over time, ‘multiple intelligences’ somehow became 
synonymous with the concept of ‘learning styles’. In this important post, Gardner explains why 
the former is not the latter. 
It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple intelligences’. I have been gratified 
by the interest shown in this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, museums, and 
business around the world. But one unanticipated consequence has driven me to distraction 
and that’s the tendency of many people, including persons whom I cherish, to credit me with 
the notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple intelligences’ with ‘learning styles’. It’s 
high time to relieve my pain and to set the record straight. 
First a word about ‘MI theory’. On the basis of research in several disciplines, including the study 
of how human capacities are represented in the brain, I developed the idea that each of us has a 
number of relatively independent mental faculties, which can be termed our ‘multiple 
intelligences’. The basic idea is simplicity itself. A belief in a single intelligence assumes that we 
have one central, all-purpose computer, and it determines how well we perform in every sector 
of life. In contrast, a belief in multiple intelligences assumes that human beings have 7 to 10 
distinct intelligences. 
Even before I spoke and wrote about ‘MI’, the term ‘learning styles’ was being bandied about in 
educational circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all children (indeed all of 
us) have distinctive minds and personalities. Accordingly, it makes sense to find out about 
learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are appropriate, that they value, and above 
all, are effective. 
Two problems: first, the notion of ‘learning styles’ is itself not coherent. Those who use this 
term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are 
recognized/ assessed/ exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is 
‘impulsive’. Does that mean that Johnny is ‘impulsive’ about everything? How do we know this? 
What does this imply about teaching? Should we teach ‘impulsively’, or should we compensate 
by ‘teaching reflectively’? What of learning style is ‘right-brained’ or visual or tactile? Same 
issues apply. 
 Problem #2: when researchers have tried to identify learning styles, teach consistently with 
those styles, and examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the learning style 
analysis produces more effective outcomes than a ‘one size fits all approach’. Of course, the 
learning style analysis might have been inadequate. Or even if it is on the mark, the fact that 
one intervention did not work does not mean that the concept of learning styles is fatally 
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imperfect; another intervention might have proved effective. Absence of evidence does not 
prove non-existence of a phenomenon; it signals to educational researchers: ‘back to the 
drawing boards’. 
Here’s my considered judgment about the best way to analyze this lexical terrain: Intelligence: 
We all have the multiple intelligences. But we signed out, as a strong intelligence, an area where 
the person has considerable computational power. Style or learning style: A hypothesis of how 
an individual approaches the range of materials. If an individual has a ‘reflective style’, he/she is 
hypothesized to be reflective about the full range of materials. We cannot assume that 
reflectiveness in writing necessarily signals reflectiveness in one’s interaction with the others. 
Senses: Sometimes people speak about a ‘visual’ learner or an ‘auditory’ learner. The 
implication is that some people learn through their eyes, others through their ears. This notion 
is incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they make use of 
entirely different cognitive faculties. What matters is the power of the mental computer, the 
intelligence that acts upon that sensory information once picked up. 
These distinctions are consequential. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or a ‘visual 
learner’, that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may be unhelpful, 
at best, and ill-conceived at worst. 
In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and that 
strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in any other 
intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences. Thereare common sense ways of 
assessing our own intelligences, and even if it seems appropriate, we can take a more formal 
test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or selfassessors, we can decide how best to make 
use of this information. 
(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet) 
 
Glossary: 
 
1. K-12 educators defend the adoption of an interdisciplinary curriculum and methods for 
teaching with objects. 
 
42. (AFA – 2017) In the sentence “there was a single kind that could be measured by 
standardized tests”, it is possible to find an option to substitute the pronoun accordingly 
in 
 
a) when. 
b) which 
c) how. 
d) whom. 
Comentários: 
O pronome em questão é that. 
A alternativa A está incorreta pois when é usado para designar lugar. 
A alternativa B está correta porque a palavra which é um pronome que substitui perfeitamente 
o pronome that nessa situação. Pode ser traduzido como “o/a qual”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta pois how é usado para designar “como” ou “de que forma”. 
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A alternativa D está incorreta pois whom é usado como objeto na frase, e não como pronome 
relativo. 
OBS.: no trecho, encontramos os verbos no tempo passado simples (simple past). There was, 
could e measured. É interessante perceber que there was é o passado de there is, could é 
passado de can e measured é passado de measure. Dessa forma, vamos trabalhando o assunto 
da aula e nos familiarizando com os diferentes tempos verbais. 
GABARITO: B 
 
43. (AFA – 2017) Mark the alternative in which the problems described in paragraphs 6 and 7 
are correctly summarized. 
 
a) The idea of teaching distinct leaning styles and their consistence were questionable concepts 
when researches started. 
b) Educational researchers have found that an impulsive learning style causes problems in its 
outcomes. 
c) There are proofs that different learning styles exist and produce positive results. 
d) The notion of learning styles and the outcomes observed when teaching based on them need 
further studies. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O conceito de ensino distinto de acordo com o estilo de 
aprendizagem e sua consistência serem questionáveis não são os problemas principais listados 
nos parágrafos. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Na verdade, os pesquisadores não tem respostas quanto ao modo 
adequado de ensinar a cada estilo de aprendizagem. Também não se fala nada sobre problemas 
causados pelo estilo de aprendizagem impulsivo. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Os parágrafos falam exatamente o contrário. O texto diz que não 
há evidencias de que os estilos de aprendizagem existam, nem que produzem bons resultados. 
A alternativa D está correta. O texto diz que os testes já feitos com ensino diferenciado para os 
diferentes tipos de aprendizagem não apresentaram evidências de serem mais eficientes, 
porém isso não invalida completamente a hipótese. Outros estudos e pesquisas precisam ser 
feitos para que se chegue a uma conclusão. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Directions: Answer question 44 according to the text. 
 
TEXT 
 
SpaceX’s Starship SN8 Prototype Soars on Epic Test Launch, with Explosive Landing 
Despite its “rapid unplanned disassembly,” the company’s highest-yet flight of its next-generation rocket was a success 
 
 The latest Starship prototype, a shiny silver vehicle known as SN8, launched on an epic 
high-altitude test flight today (Dec. 9), taking off at 5:45 p.m. EST (2245 GMT) from SpaceX’s 
facility near the South Texas village of Boca Chica. The goal was to soar about 7.8 miles (12.5 
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kilometers) into the sky, perform some complex aerial maneuvers—including a “belly flop” like 
the one the final Starship will perform when coming back to Earth on operational flights—and 
then land safely near the launch stand. 
 The 165-foot-tall (50 meters) SN8 appeared to notch all of these big milestones, except for 
the final one: The vehicle hit its landing mark but came in too fast, exploding in a dramatic fireball 
6 minutes and 42 seconds after liftoff. SN8’s rapid unplanned disassembly did nothing to dampen 
the spirits of SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk, who was thrilled by the results of today’s flight. 
 “Fuel header tank pressure was low during landing burn, causing touchdown velocity to be 
high & RUD, but we got all the data we needed! Congrats SpaceX team hell yeah!!” Musk tweeted 
this evening. “Mars, here we come!” he added in another tweet. Musk was not expecting 
complete, wire-to-wire success today; he had previously given SN8 (short for “Serial No. 8”) just 
a 1-in-3 chance of landing in one piece. 
 That’s because today’s flight was far more complex and demanding than any other Starship 
prototype test. The previous altitude record was about 500 feet (150 m), achieved by three 
different Starship vehicles—the stubby Starhopper, SN5 and SN6. 
 All three of those predecessors were pretty bare-bones; they looked like flying silos and 
featured just one of SpaceX’s next-generation Raptor engines. SN8 was much more capable and 
complex. It was powered by three Raptors and had a nose cone and stabilizing body flaps. These 
new pieces did their jobs well today, Musk said in another tweet: “Successful ascent, switchover 
to header tanks & precise flap control to landing point!” 
 SpaceX is developing Starship to carry people and cargo to the moon, Mars and other 
distant destinations. The system consists of two elements: a stainless-steel spacecraft called 
Starship, which will sport six Raptors, and a giant rocket known as Super Heavy, which will have 
about 30 of the engines. 
 Both of these vehicles will be fully and rapidly reusable, Musk has said. Starship will be 
capable of making many trips from Earth to Mars and back, and each Super Heavy will rack up 
many launches during its life. (Starship will be powerful enough to launch itself off the moon and 
Mars, but it will need Super Heavy to get off our much more massive Earth.) 
 SpaceX wants Starship and Super Heavy to be operational soon. NASA’s Artemis program 
is considering using Starship to land astronauts on the lunar surface, for example, and the first of 
those touchdowns is targeted for 2024. And Musk recently said he’s confident that SpaceX will 
launch its first crewed Mars mission by 2026, with the milestone possible in 2024 “if we’re lucky.” 
 SpaceX aims to meet this ambitious timeline by iterating fast and flying often. The company 
is building multiple Starship prototypes at its South Texas site, and we should expect those coming 
vehicles to get off the ground fairly soon—especially SN9, which is apparently nearly done. 
 SN9 and SN10 will be quite similar to the three-engine SN8, featuring “many small 
improvements” over the vehicle that flew today, Musk said via Twitter on Nov. 24. “Major 
upgrades are slated for SN15," he said in another tweet that day. 
 Today’s launch was originally scheduled to take place yesterday (Dec. 8). But SN8 detected 
something abnormal with one or more of its Raptors and aborted the attempt automatically less 
than two seconds before liftoff. 
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(Adapted from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/spacexs-starship-sn8-prototype-soars-on-epic-test-launch-with-explosive-landing/) 
 
44. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
Mark the alternative in which the verb “to come” (as in “Mars, here we come!”, paragraph 3) is 
applied in the sentence correctly. 
a) When it come to technology, SpaceX’s Starship SN8 Prototype is one of the most modern 
vehicles. 
b) Structural changes comes to the prototypes afterthey are tested. 
c) The prototypes not always comes back to Earth. 
d) Massive consequences are coming from the prototype’s explosive landing. 
e) New tests is coming to SpaceX’s Starship SN8 Prototype. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O correto seria “when it comes” (no que se refere). Como o 
sujeito é it (terceira pessoa do singular), o verbo no presente recebe a terminação especial -s. 
Lembre-se de que essa terminação especial não indica plural. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O correto seria “Structural changes come”. Como o sujeito é 
Structural changes, mudanças estruturais, (terceira pessoa do plural), o verbo no presente 
fica em sua forma base, sem alterações (ou seja, não recebe a terminação especial -s, que só 
se aplica à terceira pessoa do singular - he, she e it). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O correto seria “The prototypes not always come”. Como o 
sujeito é The prototypes, os protótipos, (terceira pessoa do plural), o verbo no presente fica 
em sua forma base, sem alterações (ou seja, não recebe a terminação especial -s, que só se 
aplica à terceira pessoa do singular - he, she e it). 
A alternativa D está correta. Foi feita a concordância verbal correta entre o sujeito no plural 
“Massive consequences” e o verbo “to come” no Present Continuous- are coming. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Diferentemente da anterior, aqui não foi feita a concordância 
verbal correta entre o sujeito no plural “New tests” e o verbo “to come” no Present 
Continuous- deveria ser are coming, e não is coming. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Biden's VP pick: Why Kamala Harris embraces her biracial roots 
US Senator Kamala Harris - a potential Democratic vice-presidential candidate - is known as a 
prominent African-American politician. But she has also embraced her Indian roots. 
"My name is pronounced "Comma-la", like the punctuation mark," Kamala Harris writes in her 
2018 autobiography, The Truths We Hold. 
The California senator, daughter of an Indian-born mother and Jamaican-born father, then 
explains the meaning of her Indian name. 
"It means 'lotus flower', which is a symbol of significance in Indian culture. A lotus grows 
underwater, its flowers rising above the surface while the roots are planted firmly in the river 
bottom." 
Early in life, young Kamala and her sister Maya grew up in a house filled with music by black 
American artists. Her mother would sing along to Aretha Franklin's early gospel, and her jazz-
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loving father, who taught economics at Stanford University, would play Thelonius Monk and 
John Coltrane on the turntable. 
Shyamala Gopalan and Donald Harris separated when Ms Harris was five. Raised primarily by 
her Hindu single mother, a cancer researcher and a civil rights activist, Kamala, Maya and 
Shyamala were known as 'Shyamala and the girls'. 
Her mother made sure her two daughters were aware of their African-American background. 
"My mother understood very well she was raising two black daughters. She knew that her 
adopted homeland would see Maya and me as black girls, and she was determined to make sure 
we would grow into confident black women," she wrote. 
"Harris grew up embracing her Indian culture, but living a proudly African-American life," wrote 
the Washington Post last year. 
When she ran for a senate seat in 2015, the Economist magazine described her as the "daughter 
of an Indian cancer researcher and a Jamaican economics professor, she is the first woman, first 
African-American and first Asian attorney general of California". 
The 55-year-old senator says she has not grappled with her identity and describes herself simply 
as "an American". 
Ms Harris writes her mother kept working right up to the moment of delivery of both her 
daughters - "in the first case her water broke when she was at the lab; and the other while she 
was making apple strudel". Back in India, Gopalan had been raised in a household of "political 
activism and civic leadership". 
Her grandmother never attended high school, but was a community organiser taking in victims 
of domestic violence and educating women about contraception. Her grandfather, PV Gopalan, 
was a senior diplomat in the Indian government who lived in Zambia after it gained 
independence, and he helped settle refugees. 
In her book, she doesn't say too much about her trips to India. But she writes she is close to her 
mother's brother and two sisters, with whom she kept in touch through long distance calls and 
letters and periodic trips. Ms Harris's mother died in 2009, at age 70. 
US Democratic Party activists like Shekar Narasimhan says her candidacy would be "seismic" for 
the Indian-American community. "She's a woman, she biracial, she will help win the election for 
Biden, she appeals to various communities and she's really smart." 
"Why should Indian-Americans not be proud of her? It's a signal that we are coming of age." 
Adapted from (https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-53745141) 
 
45. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
The word in bold in “with whom she kept in touch through long distance calls and letters and 
periodic trips.” (paragraph 13) refers to 
a) Ms. Harris’ uncle and two aunts. 
b) Ms. Harris. 
c) Ms. Harris’s mother. 
d) Ms. Harris’ brother and sisters. 
e) India. 
Comentários: 
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O trecho no texto diz que ela escreve e é próxima do irmão e duas irmãs de sua mãe, com quem 
ela manteve contato. Ao traduzir, torna-se simples perceber que “whom” está retomando o 
irmão e irmãs da mãe dela. Portanto, “whom” se refere ao seu tio e tias, resposta que 
encontramos na letra A. 
GABARITO: A 
 
46. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
The Paragraph 9 mentions that the Senator 
a) was subject of the Economist magazine when she ran for the senate in 2015. 
b) was described by the Economist magazine as daughter of Shyamala Gopalan and Donald 
Harris. 
c) is the first African-American female to be a Senator in the US. 
d) is 55 years old. 
e) she is the first woman, first African-American and first Asian Senator of California. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. O parágrafo, de fato, menciona que a senadora foi matéria da 
revista “the Economist” em 2015, quando ela estava concorrendo a uma vaga no senado. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Ela não foi descrita como filha de Shyamala Gopalan e Donald 
Harris, mas sim como filha de uma pesquisadora de câncer indiana e um professor de economia 
jamaicano. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O parágrafo menciona que ela foi a primeira afro-americana e 
asiática e mulher a ser procuradora-geral da Califórnia, e não que ela foi a primeira mulher afro-
americana a ser senadora nos Estados Unidos. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O parágrafo 8 diz que ela tem 55 anos de idade, e não o parágrafo 
7 como pede o enunciado. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O parágrafo menciona que ela foi a primeira afro-americana e 
asiática e mulher a ser procuradora-geral da Califórnia, e não que ela foi a primeira mulher afro-
americana e asiática a ser senadora pelo estado da Califórnia. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÕES DESAFIO 
 
Based on the text below, answer the first question that follow it. 
 
Covid babies don't have to be the unlucky generation. But they must be helped 
 
 A year into this pandemic, there are babies now learning to walk and talk who have never 
known anything but life under the shadow of Covid, and preschoolers who can barely remember 
a world before it. Doctors’ children have had to learn not to touch Mummy when she gets in 
from work, until she’s had a shower to wash off any last possible trace of danger. Thanks to 
popular toddler demand, you can now buy masks for dolls. 
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 It’s perfectly normal for kids to reflect what’s happening around them by playing quarantine 
with stuffed animals, but normal too for adults to wonder uncomfortably whether all this leaves 
a lasting mark. How much will it matter in years to come that, as the minister for loneliness 
Diana Barran recently put it, there are toddlers being raised by shielding parents who have 
never had a playdate? Will Covid babies grow up solitary creatures, used to entertaining 
themselves, or warier of the strangers they so rarely meet and interact with? Taking a tiny 
bundle out in public used to mean an endless succession of random older women cooing over 
the pram, or strangers pulling faces to entertain a bored baby in a checkout queue. But now 
passersby daren’t get close, and other shoppers are hidden behind masks. 
 This week MPs were presented with some early findings from a project led by the First 1001 
Days Movement, an alliance of early-years charities and professionals, tracking the lives of 
under-twos growing up through a pandemic. A survey of children’s service providers it 
commissioned found 98% thought the babies and toddlers they worked with had been affected 
by higher parental stress and anxiety, while 92% had seen fearful families effectively cutting 
themselves off from the outside world, skipping routine appointments or not wanting to leave 
the house. Nine in 10 had observed children being played with less, or being less active. 
Heartbreakingly, more than a quarter said lockdown left the children they worked with more 
exposed to domestic conflict, abuse or neglect. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/22/covid-babies-unlucky-generation-help-lockdown) 
 
47. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, which option is correct? 
 
a) There are children who have not yet experienced life outside the pandemic 
b) The pandemic has not affected the lives of any children, as they do not understand what is 
happening 
c) The pandemic, in a way, positively impacted the babies' lives 
d) The children's routine has not changed in this pandemic 
e) Characteristics of the pandemic did not impact areas such as sales 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que há crianças que 
ainda não experimentaram a vida fora da pandemia, assim como esta opção indica. Isso 
pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...there are babies now learning to walk and talk who 
have never known anything but life under the shadow of Covid…”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a pandemia 
não afetou a vida de nenhuma criança, pois elas não entendem o que está acontecendo, mas 
sim, que afetou. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Doctors’ children have had to learn 
not to touch Mummy when she gets in from work…”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a pandemia, 
de certa forma, impactou positivamente a vida dos bebês, mas sim, que impactou 
negativamente. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Doctors’ children have had to learn 
not to touch Mummy when she gets in from work, until she’s had a shower to wash off any 
last possible trace of danger”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a rotina das 
crianças não mudou nesta pandemia, mas sim, que mudou. Isso pode ser confirmado com o 
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trecho “Doctors’ children have had to learn not to touch Mummy when she gets in from 
work…”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que as 
características da pandemia não impactaram áreas como vendas, mas sim, que impactaram. 
Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Thanks to popular toddler demand, you can now buy 
masks for dolls”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
48. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option completes the sentence below 
correctly? 
 
It is important that we welcome ____ people, so that ____ social problem is partially solved. 
 
a) This / these 
b) These / this 
c) These / those 
d) This / those 
e) These / these 
Comentários: 
A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “these” (essas/esses) pois a frase se refere a 
algumas pessoas específicas, ou seja, “é importante que nós acolhemos essas pessoas...”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “this” (essa/esse) pois a frase se refere a um 
problema social específico, ou seja, “...para que este problema social seja parcialmente 
resolvido”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Based on the text below, answer the three questions that follow it. The paragraphs of the text 
are numbered. 
What Leads Us to this Belief that Connections to and Experiences with the Natural World Are 
So Important? 
1 There is an emerging awareness and concern that children are less and less likely to have 
experiences that involve the simplest interactions with nature—the plants, animals, and the 
earth around them—as a part of their continuous learning process. As we look at the children 
around us, we observe them living increasingly unhealthy lifestyles. For many, childhood is 
spent overly plugged in and programmed inside their homes, schools, and community settings 
in humanmade environments, eliminating the out-of-doors, the benefits of nature, and all that 
exists in the natural environment (Wike, 2006). 
2 Even a generation ago, children spent more time outside, because it was the normal thing 
for children to do. Adults did not question the value of time spent out-of-doors and had much 
less anxiety about the risks involved. Children walked and played outdoors and planted things in 
the dirt; they rode their bikes, invented games, and spent the majority of their time in less 
structured activities and natural environments. Very young children carried out these activities 
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in their yards and immediate neighborhoods. Urban environments offered the occasional 
playground and vacant lot. Older children roamed beyond their neighborhoods to adjacent 
lands, streams, woods, or urban parks. Exposure to the natural world brought opportunities for 
children to make sense of their surroundings and to develop their own sense of “place.” 
3 Over a relatively short time, we adults have allowed this connection to the natural world 
to slip gradually away from children’s lives. Evidence of this trend surrounds us: 
Ø Children now spend nearly 30 hours a week watching a TV or computer screen, 
listening to something through headphones or, for older children, using cell 
phones or media players; 
Ø Children experience increasingly timed and structured family lifestyles with less 
emphasis on unstructured outside time. Particularly in more densely populated 
countries, urban growth has eliminated green spaces and natural environments. 
Fewer families are vacationing in national parks (Fish, 2007). Together these 
changes keep many children separated from nature and without time for solitude 
or um-programmed experiences. 
Ø Instructional time outside, recess, or unstructured playtime is being eliminated 
from the school day (Clements, 2007). 
Ø Outdoor play spaces or playgrounds have become safer at some sites due to 
national playground standards, but in other locations, play spaces have been 
eliminated or often lack the natural elements that encourage a different kind of 
interaction among children (Moore & Wong, 1997). 
Ø The curriculum for children in centers and schools is becoming narrower, with 
more time spent on teacher-directed lessons and testing and less time spent 
investigating and learning through activities that build on a child’s sense of 
wonder, curiosity, and the benefitof first-hand experiences (Hyson, 2003; 
McMurrer, 2007; Marcon, 1999). 
4 Consequently, we have gradually found our children growing up in a clash of optimal and 
minimal learning opportunities. Optimally, technology opens worlds never before so readily 
available to children; however, the opening of this side of learning has contributed to shutting 
the door to children’s access to the more natural environment that gives a lasting attachment to 
children’s sense of place and their awareness of the habitat and environment nearest to them. 
This lack of connection can engender both apathy and ignorance in children’s early perceptions 
of the world around them and their roles in enjoying, learning from, and protecting it. 
(Adapted from: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Call_to_Action.pdf) 
 
49. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) According to the text, which option completes the 
sentence below correctly? 
In the past, it was the normal thing for children to ______. 
(A) spent more time outside 
(B) spend more time indoors 
(C) question the value of time spent out-of-doors 
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(D) spend more time outdoors 
(E) spend their times in programmed inside activities 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O erro da alternativa está no uso do verbo conjugado 
no Simple Past (spent), quando deveria estar no Simple Present (spend) para que 
possa se encaixar corretamente na frase do enunciado. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não é correto dizer que no passado, era normal que 
as crianças passassem mais tempo dentro de casa, já que o texto diz o contrário 
disso no trecho: “Even a generation ago, children spent more time outside”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto diz que os ADULTOS NÃO questionavam o 
valor do tempo passado fora de casa. Porém o texto não fala nada sobre as crianças 
questionarem ou não o tempo passado fora de casa. 
A alternativa D está correta. O texto diz exatamente o que é dito pela alternativa, 
que as crianças, no passado, passavam mais tempo fora de casa. Isso é confirmado 
pelo trecho: “Even a generation ago, children spent more time outside, because it 
was the normal thing for children to do”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto, de fato, diz que as crianças passam o tempo 
em atividades programadas em ambientes internos. Porém, o texto fala que essa é 
a realidade das crianças nos dias de hoje, não no passado. 
GABARITO: D 
 
50. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) According to the text, which option is correct? 
(A) Today children have the maximum and the minimum at the same time when it comes to 
learning opportunities. 
(B) In the past, education was better beacause children had access to more outside time at 
schools. 
(C) Thanks to technology education is better today, since children have instant access to things 
other generations didn’t. 
(D) Technology access will give children the necessary will to fight for the planet environment in 
the future. 
(E) The fact the unstructure playtime is being eliminated from the school day is a good thing for 
raising awareness of the habitat nearest to the children. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. O texto diz que as crianças de hoje têm o máximo e o mínimo ao 
mesmo tempo quando se trata de oportunidades de aprendizagem. Isso ocorre porque a 
internet otimiza grandemente o aprendizado, dando acesso às mais diversas informações. Por 
outro lado, as atividades externas estão diminuindo drasticamente o que empobrece a 
aprendizagem sensorial em relação ao meio ambiente. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não se pode dizer que antigamente a educação era melhor pelo 
fato de que havia mais tempo de atividades externas. O texto não fala que hoje é melhor ou 
pior, ele apenas mostra diferenças dizendo o que melhorou e o que piorou, mas não é possível 
chegar a uma conclusão final de qual educação é melhor, a de hoje ou a do passado. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto fala da prontidão do acesso às informações qua a 
tecnologia proporciona como algo bom, porém cita outros pontos que são negativos em relação 
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à educação de hoje em dia. Portanto, o texto não nos permite definir qual é a melhor educação, 
a de hoje ou a do passado. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não se pode dizer que o acesso à tecnologia vai dar às crianças de 
hoje a força de vontade necessária para lutar pelo meio ambiente no futuro. O texto diz que a 
falta de atividades sensoriais, de experiências vividas na natureza pode diminuir o senso de 
habitat no ambiente que as rodeia. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto diz o contrário da alternativa, que a falta de atividade não 
estruturada ao ar livre no dia a dia escolar diminui a consciência ambiental das crianças. 
GABARITO: A 
 
51. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) According to the text, which option is correct? 
(A) Children now spend around 6 hours a day watching TV or computer screen or doing something 
technology-related. 
(B) Children spend more and more time in structured family lifestyles emphasizing outdoor 
activities. 
(C) There is a concern that children have less and less contact with nature and that leads them to 
an unhealthy lifestyle. 
(D) Children’s structured playtime is being eliminated from their school day. 
(E) Children don’t play outside in the nature because National playground standards eliminated 
natural spaces from playgrounds. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Essa quantidade de horas está incorreta, já que o texto diz que as 
crianças passam por volta de 30 horas por semana vendo TV ou usando tecnologia. Seria correto 
dizer quatro horas e meia por dia ao invés de seis horas por dia. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A primeira parte da alternativa está correta, pois o texto diz que 
as crianças passam cada vez mais tempo em estilos de vida familiares estruturados. Porém o 
texto não diz que esse estilo de vida enfatiza atividades ao ar livre. 
A alternativa C está correta. O texto diz que as crianças de hoje brincam cada vez menos ao ar 
livre e que isso leva a um estilo de vida sedentário dentro de casa, da escola, em ambientes da 
comunidade feitos pelo Homem, eliminando o externo, os benefícios da natureza e tudo que 
existe no ambiente natural. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. As brincadeiras estruturadas estão cada vez mais presentes no 
dia a dia escolar, e não sendo eliminadas como diz a alternativa. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto não diz que os padrões nacionais de playground 
eliminaram a natureza dos playgrounds, mas sim que os tornaram mais seguros em algumas 
localidades. Porém, em muitas outras localidades esses parques foram eliminados ou não 
possuem elementos naturais que encorajam um tipo diferente de interação entre crianças. 
GABARITO: C 
 
52. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence that is correct. 
(A) If your car didn't start, you could called a mechanic. 
(B) If your car wouldn't have started, you could call a mechanic. 
(C) If your car hadn't started, you could be able to call a mechanic. 
(D) If your car won’t start, you can call a mechanic. 
(E) If your car doesn’t start, you could called a mechanic. 
Comentários: 
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 116 AULA 07 – Relative Clauses / If Clauses / Causatives 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não se pode usar a expressão “could called”. A expressão correta, 
nesse caso específico, seria “could call”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não existe a estrutura “If + verbo modal” na condicional. Nessa 
estrutura de frase o verbo modal precisa estar na “main clause”, não na “conditional clause”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Quando temos o tempoverbal past perfect na “conditional 
clause”, devemos ter a estrutura “modal verb + have + past participle” na “main clause”. Não se 
observa a estrutura citada na “main clause” da alternativa. 
A alternativa D está correta. As “If clauses” não são muito utilizadas no futuro, mas quando 
usadas, essa é a estrutura correta. Temos a “conditional clause” no futuro (if your car won’t 
start), e a “main clause” também no futuro (you can call a mechanic). Os verbos modais podem 
ser usados no tempo futuro, porém não usam o auxiliar “will” para isso, eles mantêm sua forma 
original do presente e o contexto definirá se eles estão no presente ou no futuro. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Ao usarmos uma “if conditional” no presente, devemos usar a 
“main clause” no futuro. E para isso, o verbo deveria vir como “call” ao invés de “called”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
53. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence that is correct. 
(A) If you didn't feel well, you could called a doctor. 
(B) If you wouldn't have felt well, you could call a doctor. 
(C) If you hadn't felt well, you could be able to call a doctor. 
(D) If you won’t feel well, you can call a doctor. 
(E) If you don’t start, you could called a doctor. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não se pode usar a expressão “could called”. A expressão correta, 
nesse caso específico, seria “could call”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não existe a estrutura “If + verbo modal” na condicional. Nessa 
estrutura de frase o verbo modal precisa estar na “main clause”, não na “conditional clause”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Quando temos o tempo verbal past perfect na “conditional 
clause”, devemos ter a estrutura “modal verb + have + past participle” na “main clause”. Não se 
observa a estrutura citada na “main clause” da alternativa. 
A alternativa D está correta. As “If clauses” não são muito utilizadas no futuro, mas quando 
usadas, essa é a estrutura correta. Temos a “conditional clause” no futuro (if you won’t feel 
well), e a “main clause” também no futuro (you can call a doctor). Os verbos modais podem ser 
usados no tempo futuro, porém não usam o auxiliar “will” para isso, eles mantêm sua forma 
original do presente e o contexto definirá se eles estão no presente ou no futuro. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Ao usarmos uma “if conditional” no presente, devemos usar a 
“main clause” no futuro. E para isso, o verbo deveria vir como “call” ao invés de “called”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
54. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence that is correct. 
(A) If you didn't like doing it, you could done something different. 
(B) If you wouldn't have liked doing that, you could do something different. 
(C) If you hadn't liked doing that, you could be able to do something different. 
(D) If you won’t like doing it, you can do something different. 
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(E) If you don’t like doing it, you could done something different. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não se pode usar a expressão “could done”. A expressão correta, 
nesse caso específico, seria “could do”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não existe a estrutura “If + verbo modal” na condicional. Nessa 
estrutura de frase o verbo modal precisa estar na “main clause”, não na “conditional clause”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Quando temos o tempo verbal past perfect na “conditional 
clause”, devemos ter a estrutura “modal verb + have + past participle” na “main clause”. Não se 
observa a estrutura citada na “main clause” da alternativa. 
A alternativa D está correta. As “If clauses” não são muito utilizadas no futuro, mas quando 
usadas, essa é a estrutura correta. Temos a “conditional clause” no futuro (if you won’t like 
doing it), e a “main clause” também no futuro (you can do something different). Os verbos 
modais podem ser usados no tempo futuro, porém não usam o auxiliar “will” para isso, eles 
mantêm sua forma original do presente e o contexto definirá se eles estão no presente ou no 
futuro. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Ao usarmos uma “if conditional” no presente, devemos usar a 
“main clause” no futuro. E para isso, o verbo deveria vir como “do” ao invés de “done”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
55. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which option is incorrect? 
a) A pandemic is affecting many people 
b) Tell the girls that they are not responsible 
c) A couple of my friends plans to travel this year 
d) I want to finish school 
e) Where are those pants I lent you? 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase “uma pandemia está afetando muitas pessoas” está 
totalmente correta. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase “diga às meninas que elas não são responsáveis” está 
totalmente correta. 
A alternativa C está correta. A frase “A couple of my friends plans to travel this year” deveria 
ser escrita “A couple of friends of mine are planning to trave this year” (um casal de amigos 
meus estão planejando para viajar este ano). 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase “eu quero terminar a escola” está totalmente correta. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A frase “onde estão aquelas calças que te emprestei?” está 
totalmente correta. 
GABARITO: C 
 
56. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which is the correct option to complete the 
sentence below? 
 
You must _____ the lights if you don't want a very expensive electricity bill 
 
a) Turn away 
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b) Turn off 
c) Turn down 
d) Turn over 
e) Turn out 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase não pede a expressão “turn away” (virar-se), mas sim, 
a expressão “turn off” (desligar), ou seja, “Você deve desligar as luzes se não quiser uma 
conta de luz muito cara”. 
A alternativa B está correta. A frase pede a expressão “turn off” (desligar), ou seja, “Você 
deve desligar as luzes se não quiser uma conta de luz muito cara”, assim como esta opção 
indica. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A frase não pede a expressão “turn down” (baixar), mas sim, a 
expressão “turn off” (desligar), ou seja, “Você deve desligar as luzes se não quiser uma conta 
de luz muito cara”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase não pede a expressão “turn over” (virar), mas sim, a 
expressão “turn off” (desligar), ou seja, “Você deve desligar as luzes se não quiser uma conta 
de luz muito cara”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A frase não pede a expressão “turn out” (virar para fora), mas 
sim, a expressão “turn off” (desligar), ou seja, “Você deve desligar as luzes se não quiser uma 
conta de luz muito cara”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
57. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Which is the correct option to complete the 
sentence below? 
 
Carol _____ a great job at the company, if she continues this way, she will get a promotion 
 
a) Does 
b) Is doing 
c) Had done 
d) Will do 
e) Has done 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase não deve ser preenchida com o verbo “to do” (fazer) 
no simple present (does – faz), mas sim, no present perfect (has done – tem feito), ou seja, 
“Carol tem feito um ótimo trabalho na empresa, se continuar desta forma, ela conseguirá 
uma promoção”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase não deve ser preenchida com o verbo “to do” (fazer) 
no present continuous (is doing – está fazendo), mas sim, no present perfect (has done – 
tem feito), ou seja, “Carol tem feito um ótimo trabalho na empresa, se continuar desta 
forma, ela conseguirá uma promoção”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A frase não deve ser preenchida com o verbo “to do” (fazer) 
no past perfect (had done – fez), mas sim, no present perfect (has done – tem feito), ou seja, 
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uma promoção”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase não deve ser preenchida com o verbo “to do” (fazer) 
no simple future (will do – vai fazer), mas sim, no present perfect (has done – tem feito), ou 
seja, “Carol tem feito um ótimo trabalho na empresa, se continuar desta forma, ela 
conseguirá uma promoção”. 
A alternativa E está correta. A frase deve ser preenchida com o verbo “to do” (fazer) no 
present perfect (has done – tem feito), ou seja, “Carol tem feito um ótimo trabalho na 
empresa, se continuar desta forma, ela conseguirá uma promoção”, assim como esta opção 
indica. 
GABARITO: E 
 
Doctors Know Best 
By Ted Spiker 
 
Along with all the disease stomping, heart reviving, baby delivering, and overall people healing 
they do, doctors have another full-time job: keeping themselves healthy. Scratch that - keeping 
themselves healthiest. So instead of peeking into their medical practices, we looked at what 
they actually practice - in their own lives. Use personal strategies and insider tips from the best 
medical pros to supercharge your health this year. 
 
( I)-______ 
"As soon as I feel an illness coming on, I go to sleep for at least nine hours," says Hilda 
Hutcherson, MD, clinical professor of ob-gyn at Columbia University Medical Center. "I also lie 
on the floor with my legs elevated and propped against the wall and breathe deeply for five 
minutes." It helps lower stress, which weakens the immune system. 
(II )-______ 
Instead of having a garden-variety green salad, Margaret McKenzie, MD, assistant professor of 
surgery at the Cleveland Clinic, tosses napa cabbage, radicchio, edamame, and carrots with 
ginger-soy dressing. "It gives me a lot of vitamins, antioxidants, and protein and makes me feel 
full," she says. 
(III)-______ 
[...] Gary Small, MD, professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences at the University of 
California, Los Angeles, and author of The Alzheimer"s Prevention Program, plays Scrabble and 
Words With Friends on his smartphone most days. These word games are perfect brain 
boosters, because they build not only verbal and math skills but also spatial abilities as you 
position letters to create words. "Combining several mental tasks strengthens multiple neural 
circuits," Dr. Small says. "It"s like cross-training for your brain." 
(IV) - _____ 
Make your bedroom spalike: Dim the lights at least an hour before you go to bed; ban cell 
phones, laptops, and the TV; ask your partner for a foot rub. "I do deep breathing exercises," Dr. 
Hutcherson says. "Sometimes I play relaxing music softly." 
(V) - _____ 
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The most important meal is breakfast, says David Katz, MD, director and founder of Yale-Griffin 
Prevention Research Center in Derby, Connecticut. He often has two breakfasts, divvying up his 
morning meal so that he eats half before his workout and half after. "It helps with portion 
control, and it establishes a daily eating pattern," Dr. Katz says. Plan your breakfast at night to 
start the next day on a healthy note. 
(Abridged from https ://www.fitnessmagazine.com/health/doctors-tips-tostay-healthy/) 
 
58. (EN – 2018) In the sentence "It helps lower stress, which weakens the immune system.” 
(2nd paragraph), the underlined words mean, respectively,______and______. 
a) raise / lessens 
b) rise / strengthens 
c) reduce / debilitates 
d) eliminate / toughens 
e) decrease / reproduces 
Comentários: 
O contexto nos mostra claramente que “lower” dá a ideia de diminuição e “weakens” dá a ideia 
de enfraquecimento. 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Raise” significa aumentar/crescer e “lessens” significa diminuir. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Rise” significa levantar/aumentar e “strengthens” significa 
reforçar/fortalecer. 
A alternativa C está correta. “Reduce” significa reduzir/diminuir e “debilitates” significa 
debilitar/enfraquecer. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Eliminate” significa eliminar e “toughens” significa 
endurecer/dificultar. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Decrease” significa diminuir e “reproduces” significa reproduzir. 
GABARITO: C 
 
NATO ships, helicopters hunt down 7 pirates 
 
 NAIROBI, Kenya - NATO warships and helicopters pursued Somali pirates for seven hours after 
they attacked a Norwegian tanker, NATO spokesmen said Sunday, and the highspeed chase only 
ended when warning shots were fired at the pirates’ skiff. Seven pirates attempted to attack the 
Norwegian-flagged MV Front Ardenne late Saturday but fled after crew took evasive maneuvers 
and alerted warships in the area, said Portuguese Lt. Cmdr. Alexandre Santos Fernandes, aboard 
a warship in the Gulf of Aden, and Cmdr. Chris Davies, of NATais maritime headquarters in 
England. 
 "How the attack was thwarted is unclear, it appears to have been the actions of the tanker," 
Davies said. Fernandes said no shots were fired at the tanker. 
 Davies said the pirates sailed into the path of the Canadian warship Winnipeg, which was 
escorting a World Food Program delivery ship through the Gulf of Aden. The American ship USS 
Halyburton was also in the area and joined the chase. 
 "There was a lengthy pursuit, over said. The pirates hurled weapons into Canadian and U.S. 
warships closed in. NATais anti-piracy mission. 
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 "The skiff abandoned the scene and tried to escape to Somali territory," Fernandes said. "It was 
heading toward Bossaso but we managed to track them. Warning shots have been made after 
several attempts to stop the vessel." 
 Both ships deployed helicopters, and naval officers hailed the pirates over loudspeakers and 
finally fired warning shots to stop them, Fernandes said, but not before the pirates had dumped 
most of their weapons overboard. NATO forces boarded the skiff, where they found a 
rocketpropelled grenade, and interrogated, disarmed and released the pirates. 
 The pirates cannot be prosecuted under Canadian law because they did not attack Canadian 
citizens or interests and the crime was not committed on Canadian territory. 
 "When a ship is part of NATO, the detention of a person is a matter for the national 
authorities," Fernandes said. "It stops being a NATO issue and starts being a national issue." 
 The pirates' release underscores the difficulties navies have in fighting rampant piracy off the 
coast of lawless Somalia. Most of the time, foreign navies simply disarm and release the pirates 
they catch due to legal complications and logistical difficulties in transporting pirates and 
witnesses to court. 
 Pirates have attacked more than 80 boats this year alone, four times the number assaulted in 
2003, according to the Kuala Lumpur-based International Maritime Bureau. They now hold at 
least 18 ships - including a Belgian tanker seized Saturday with 10 crew aboard - and over 310 
crew hostage, according to an Associated Press count. 
(Adapted from: www.ap.org, 04/19/09) 
 
59. (EFOMM – 2010) The Canadian Navy is involved in the incident described in the text 
because: 
 
(A) The pirates accidentally crossed in front of the Canadian warship Winnipeg which was on its 
way through the Gulf of Aden. 
(B) The pirates tried to attack an escorted ship filled with valuable supplies for the World Food 
Program. 
(C) The Norwegian tanker chased the pirates until the Canadian and the North American 
warships arrived. 
(D) NATO ships were already in the area looking for the pirates' skiff. 
(E) The USS Halyburton asked their Canadian counterparts for assistance after locating the skiff. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. É correto afirmar que a Marinha do Canadá está envolvida no 
incidente descrito no texto porque os piratascruzaram acidentalmente na frente do navio de 
guerra canadense Winnipeg, que estava a caminho do Golfo de Aden, assim como esta opção 
indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...the pirates sailed into the path of the Canadian 
warship Winnipeg, which was escorting a World Food Program delivery ship through the Gulf of 
Aden”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que a Marinha do Canadá está envolvida no 
incidente descrito no texto porque os piratas tentaram atacar um navio escoltado cheio de 
suprimentos valiosos para o Programa Mundial de Alimentos, mas sim, que um navio canadense 
estava escoltando este navio com suprimentos, e os piratas cruzaram o navio canadense. Isso 
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pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...the pirates sailed into the path of the Canadian warship 
Winnipeg, which was escorting a World Food Program delivery ship through the Gulf of Aden”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que a Marinha do Canadá está envolvida no 
incidente descrito no texto porque o petroleiro norueguês perseguiu os piratas até a chegada 
dos navios de guerra canadense e norte-americano, mas sim, porque os piratas cruzaram 
acidentalmente na frente do navio de guerra canadense Winnipeg, que estava a caminho do 
Golfo de Aden, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...the 
pirates sailed into the path of the Canadian warship Winnipeg, which was escorting a World 
Food Program delivery ship through the Gulf of Aden”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que a Marinha do Canadá está envolvida no 
incidente descrito no texto porque os navios da NATO já estavam na área procurando o esquife 
dos piratas, mas sim, porque os piratas cruzaram acidentalmente na frente do navio de guerra 
canadense Winnipeg, que estava a caminho do Golfo de Aden, assim como esta opção indica. 
Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...the pirates sailed into the path of the Canadian 
warship Winnipeg, which was escorting a World Food Program delivery ship through the Gulf of 
Aden”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que a Marinha do Canadá está envolvida no 
incidente descrito no texto porque o USS Halyburton pediu ajuda a seus colegas canadenses 
após localizar o esquife, mas sim, que esse navio estava na área e ajudou na perseguição. Isso 
pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The American ship USS Halyburton was also in the area and 
joined the chase”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
60. (EFOMM – 2010) Choose the correct option to complete the sentences: 
 
I - A stranger came into the hall _____ he opened the front door. 
II - _____ you begin to look at the problem there is almost nothing you can do about it. 
III - _____ extensive inquiries were made at the time, no trace was found of any relative. 
IV - You cannot be put on probation _____ you are guilty. 
 
(A) Like / although / despite / as soon as 
(B) Since / although / despite / as soon as 
(C) Since / even though / although / unless 
(D) As / once / although / unless 
(E) As / once/ in spite of / even if 
Comentários: 
A primeira sentença deve ser preenchida com “as” (enquanto), ou seja, a frase deve ser escrita 
da seguinte forma: “A stranger came into the hall as he opened the front door” (Um estranho 
entrou no corredor enquanto abria a porta da frente). 
A segunda sentença deve ser preenchida com “once” (uma vez que), ou seja, a frase deve ser 
escrita da seguinte forma: “Once you begin to look at the problem there is almost nothing you 
can do about it” (Uma vez que você começa a olhar para o problema, não há quase nada que 
você possa fazer a respeito). 
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A terceira sentença deve ser preenchida com “although” (apesar), ou seja, a frase deve ser 
escrita da seguinte forma: “Although extensive inquiries were made at the time, no trace was 
found of any relative” (Embora na época tenham sido feitas extensas investigações, nenhum 
parente foi encontrado). 
A quarta sentença deve ser preenchida com “unless” (a menos que), ou seja, a frase deve ser 
escrita da seguinte forma: “You cannot be put on probation unless you are guilty” (Você não 
pode ser colocado em liberdade condicional a menos que seja culpado). 
GABARITO: D 
 
61. (EFOMM – 2010) The conditions expressed in the sentences "If they had known the 
outcomes, they would have taken different measures" and "you should know people 
better, if you really want to make more friends" are, respectively: 
 
(A) unlikely / unlikely 
(B) impossible / unlikely 
(C) likely / unlikely 
(D) impossible / likely 
(E) likely / impossible 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. As sentenças “Se eles conhecessem os resultados, teriam tomado 
medidas diferentes” e “você deveria conhecer melhor as pessoas, se realmente deseja fazer 
mais amigos” não são, respectivamente, improvável e improvável, mas sim, respectivamente, 
impossível e provável. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. As sentenças “Se eles conhecessem os resultados, teriam tomado 
medidas diferentes” e “você deveria conhecer melhor as pessoas, se realmente deseja fazer 
mais amigos” não são, respectivamente, impossível e improvável, mas sim, respectivamente, 
impossível e provável. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. As sentenças “Se eles conhecessem os resultados, teriam tomado 
medidas diferentes” e “você deveria conhecer melhor as pessoas, se realmente deseja fazer 
mais amigos” não são, respectivamente, provável e improvável, mas sim, respectivamente, 
impossível e provável. 
A alternativa D está correta. As sentenças “Se eles conhecessem os resultados, teriam tomado 
medidas diferentes” e “você deveria conhecer melhor as pessoas, se realmente deseja fazer 
mais amigos” são, respectivamente, impossível e provável, assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. As sentenças “Se eles conhecessem os resultados, teriam tomado 
medidas diferentes” e “você deveria conhecer melhor as pessoas, se realmente deseja fazer 
mais amigos” não são, respectivamente, provável e impossível, mas sim, respectivamente, 
impossível e provável. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
 
 
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7.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 
 
 
 
Caro aluno! Para garantir que o curso esteja atualizado, sempre que alguma mudança no 
conteúdo for necessária, uma nova versão da aula será disponibilizada. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 
https://www.inglesonline.com.br/palavras-cognatas-em-ingles/ 
https://www.todamateria.com.br/falsos-cognatos-no-ingles-false-friends/ 
 
 
 
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9.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 
Caro(a) aluno(a), 
Parabéns por mais uma aula concluída, você está um passo mais próximo da sua 
aprovação! 
Uma vez concluída esta aula, é importante que você tenha em mente que revisões são 
necessárias em intervalos regulares para garantir a melhor assimilação. Grife as partes que 
você julgar mais relevantes de cada aula. Dessa forma, você facilitará muito seu processo de 
revisão e assimilará a matéria de forma otimizada. 
A dinâmica que você observou nesta aula será utilizada em todas as demais do nosso curso. 
Assim, você terá sempre uma explicação clara, objetiva e direto ao ponto de todos os assuntos 
abordados, além de muitos, muitos exercícios para que você possa praticar e evoluir em sua 
preparação. 
Daremos sempre muitos bizus de prova para facilitar seu caminho até a aprovação! 
 
Eu estou à disposição no nosso Fórum de Dúvidas! Lá, eu ou 
outros membros da nossa equipe responderemos suasdúvidas em 
até 24 horas! Não leve dúvidas para a sua prova! Estamos aqui para 
te dar todo o suporte necessário para que você alcance seu 
objetivo! Estamos juntos nessa caminhada, ok? 
 
Espero que você tenha gostado da aula e, acima de tudo, que esta aula tenha enriquecido 
seus conhecimentos. 
Descanse e se prepare para o nosso próximo encontro! 
 
Forte abraço, 
Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
 @prof_leonardo_pontes 
 
 Leonardo Pontes 
 
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