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Avaliação da aptidão do solo da região de
Olomouc: uma aplicação de um modelo de
Urban Planner
 ,Jaroslav Burian  EMarketa Stachova Alena Vondrakova
Páginas 73-80 | Recebido em 05 de dezembro de 2016, Aceito em 22 de junho de 2018, publicado online: 24 de julho de 2018
 Baixar citação  https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2018.1493407 
ABSTRATO
Este documento e os mapas que o acompanham enfocam uma avaliação da adequação da terra da
região de Olomouc na República Tcheca. Todos os resultados foram calculados no Urban Planner,
um modelo desenhado pelos autores deste artigo. O método de cálculo baseia-se numa análise
multicritério (método de sobreposição ponderada), respeita os princípios do desenvolvimento
sustentável e permite a execução de vários cenários. O principal resultado deste trabalho é um
conjunto de mapas. A primeira folha de mapa mostra a adequação do terreno para habitação,
recreação, serviços públicos, indústria pesada, indústria leve e transporte. A segunda folha do
mapa é composta por quatro mapas que mostram diferentes cenários de aptidão do solo para
habitação: um mapa que mostra a avaliação das propostas de habitação existentes a partir de
planos urbanos e um mapa que mostra as áreas ótimas para habitação calculadas pelo modelo
Urban Planner. Os mapas podem ser usados como uma fonte signi�cativa de informação sobre a
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10/11/2020 Artigo completo: Avaliação da adequação do solo da região de Olomouc: uma aplicação de um modelo de Urban Planner
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Urban Planner. Os mapas podem ser usados como uma fonte signi�cativa de informação sobre a
adequação do desenvolvimento na região de Olomouc em estudos geográ�cos ou urbanos, tanto
para especialistas como para o público em geral. Todos os mapas temáticos estão na escala de 1:
125.000; mapas suplementares são menores.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: aptidão agrícola ,  urbanista ,  região Olomouc ,  análise multi-critérios ,  modelagem de cenários , 
geovisualization
1. Introdução
A adequação da terra é de�nida principalmente como a adequação da terra para determinados
usos ( Gong, Liu, & Chen, 2012 ). Alguns autores difundiram esse conceito por meio de uma
avaliação de adequação da terra ( Hopkins, 1977 ). A maioria dos trabalhos publicados (por
exemplo, Yang et al., 2008 ; ou Quinn, Schiel, & Caruso, 2014 ) aborda essa análise multicritério por
meio de um processo de hierarquia analítica (AHP). Muitos artigos focam em melhorias no método
AHP (por exemplo, Diao & Xiang, 2007 ; Joerin, Thériault, & Musy, 2001 ) ou na aplicação do AHP em
novos campos de pesquisa (por exemplo, Gong et al., 2012 ).
A Tcheca e a Eslováquia têm uma longa tradição de avaliação da adequação do solo, especialmente
no planejamento paisagístico. Vários autores publicaram suas contribuições para avaliações de
adequação da terra (por exemplo , Kolejka, 1992 ; Miklós, 1991 ; ou Špulerová et al., 2013 ). A
pesquisa publicada por Miklós (1991) tornou-se inclusive a metodologia mais utilizada para
avaliação de aptidão do solo (metodologia LANDEP - LANDscape-Ecological Planning). No entanto,
nenhuma metodologia semelhante com foco no planejamento urbano foi desenvolvida e publicada
na Tcheca.
A maioria dos planejadores urbanos ainda usa tecnologias geoespaciais de forma muito limitada,
muitas vezes como ferramentas para visualização ou análise simples. Apenas um número limitado
de artigos cientí�cos inclui a descrição da ferramenta especí�ca (add-in ou extensão) que pode ser
aplicada em um nível prático para o planejamento urbano (por exemplo , Malczewski, 2004 , 2006 ;
Mendoza, 2000 ). Nenhuma das abordagens publicadas para a avaliação da adequação da terra foi
aplicada aos conjuntos de dados completos que são usados no processo de planejamento real.
Quase todos os autores sugerem seus próprios fatores de�nidos para a avaliação da adequação da
terra e sua conexão com os processos reais de planejamento, conforme orientado por lei
(Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional da República Tcheca, 2006a), é muito pobre. Por essas
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(Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional da República Tcheca, 2006a), é muito pobre. Por essas
razões, as principais melhorias apresentadas neste artigo são o uso do modelo Urban Planner
apresentado com um estudo de caso usando um banco de dados completo e real para o
planejamento urbano na região de Olomouc (todas as camadas temáticas orientadas pelo
Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional de República Tcheca, 2006b ). Um benefício adicional
deste artigo é o aspecto de visualização; apenas um número limitado de artigos publicados
enfocou a visualização da adequação da terra (por exemplo, Quinn et al., 2014 ; Rellini, Pavarino,
Scopesi, & Zotti, 2011 ; Stanchi et al., 2013 ). Mapas bem desenhados podem fornecer uma base
mais detalhada e precisa para a tomada de decisões.
The Olomouc region has been analysed many times before. An analysis of the historical
development of this area was described by Burian, Brus, and Vozenilek (2013); methods of
visualization of input data were elaborated upon by Burian and Šťávová (2009), Burian, Brychtová,
Vávra, and Hladišová (2016), and Burian, Brychtová, and Vávra (2015). However, none of these
studies focused on land suitability and scenario modelling for future planning purposes, which are
described in this paper. The results presented in this paper can improve the quality of planning
processes in the Olomouc region and could become an inspiration for the performance of similar
analyses.
2. Methods
All results presented in this paper were calculated in the Urban Planner model. Urban Planner is an
analytic extension for Esri ArcGIS for Desktop designed to evaluate land suitability and to detect the
most suitable areas for spatial development. The extension uses a multi-criteria analysis, respects
the principles of sustainable development, and allows for the creation of several land use and land
suitability scenarios. Urban Planner was developed by the authors of this paper, and its technical
and methodological core was described in previous publications (Burian, Brus, & Šťastný, 2015;
Burian & Šťastný, 2015; Burian, Šťastný, Brus, Pechanec, & Voženílek, 2015).
2.1. Land suitability calculation
The �rst map, ‘Land suitability of the Olomouc region for urban development in 2016,’ shows the
results of the land suitability assessment for six categories of land use (housing, recreation, public
services, heavy industry, light industry, and transportation). These categories correspond to the
most important categories of land use in Czech urban planning. These categories also represent
the default categories for land use in the Urban Planner model. The land suitability calculation was
based on the multi-criteria analysis (weighted overlay method) visualized in Figure 1. An example of
 
 
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based o t e u t c te a a a ys s ( e g ted o e ay et od) sua ed gu e . e a p e o
the calculation is shown in the supplementary material (Example of modelling – Public services).
The spatial resolution for the raster layers was set to 10 m per pixel. The total land suitability
(multiple raster layer) was calculated according to the weights set between three classes (the three
pillars): ecological, social, and economic. Weights can have values from 0 to 100, and the sum of the
weights of all three pillars must be equal to 100. A di�erent set value of the weights allows the
creation of di�erent scenarios in land suitability. For all maps presented on the �rst map sheet, the
setting for a sustainable scenario was used. Four other weight settings (Table 1) used for di�erent
scenarios (sustainable, ecological, social, and economic scenario) of the suitability for housing are
presented on the second map sheet, ‘Land suitability of the Olomouc region for housing in 2016’.
For the map ‘Optimal allocation of areas for housing,’ the sustainable scenario was used.
Figure 1. Scheme of land suitability calculation.
Each of the three pillars (classes) consists of de�ned factors (Table 2). Factors were divided into
three groups – positive, negative, and limiting. Positive factors increase the value of land suitability;
negative factors decrease this value, and limiting factors eliminate the value of land suitability. The
factors were designed after several discussions with urban planners to cover important categories
that in�uence urban development in the Czech Republic. The selection was focused on large-scale
spatial data that can be used in the multi-criteria analysis (e.g. economic and demographic data
were not included because of their inaccessibility in large detail). Czech regulations (law and
methodologies) that delimitate allowed o�cial data sources were considered too. All selected
factors follow the standard layer used in a master plan creation.
As in the case of pillars, the combination of factors is based on a weighted overlay method. For the
calculation of land suitability for all categories, the weights of individual factors were set according
Display full size
Table 1. Pillar weights for different scenario calculation.
CSV Display Table 
Table 2. List of input factors and its weights.
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ca cu at o o a d su tab ty o a catego es, t e e g ts o d dua acto s e e set acco d g
to Table 2. The weights were calculated with the commonly used Saaty’s method (Saaty, 1983),
which makes it possible to de�ne the weights for several criteria objectively. This provides a means
of breaking down the general method into a hierarchy of sub-problems which are easier to
evaluate (Alonso & Lamata, 2006). The criteria are compared in pairs using a prede�ned scale. The
scale is mostly composed of values 1 (equal importance to the compared criteria) to 9 (the �rst
element extremely more important than the second) and their reciprocals (Caha & Burian, 2018).
Based on these values pairwise, a comparison matrix is created, and the weights of the individual
criteria are calculated.
A total of eight experts (geographers and urban planners from Palacký University Olomouc,
Municipality of Olomouc and the Regional Authority of the Olomouc region were asked to use this
method to evaluate the weights of all factors. Their results were averaged, and �nal weights were
tested and calibrated in several regions in the Czech Republic (Olomouc region, Ostrava region,
Vysocina region, and Prague region). For the �nal weights (also used in this study), see Table 2.
Detailed descriptions of the weight calibrations of di�erent regions were published in Burian,
Šťastný, et al. (2015), Adamec (2011), Drazna (2014), and Drazna (2016).
The most detailed level of the calculation was setting parameters that can be described as the
properties of factors. They are represented by speci�c layers (shape�les or feature classes) and
their attributes. Parameter values were set up in a range on scales from 0 to 10 (Table 3). For
ordinal data, a particular value was assigned to the whole phenomenon (e.g. a value of 0 for forest
areas, a value of 5 for areas with average radon risk, and a value of 10 for areas with very poor soil
quality). For interval data, the values were divided in all value ranges (e.g. gradients, distances). The
�nal results of the land suitability calculations are raster layers for six selected categories of land
use (housing, recreation, public services, heavy industry, light industry, and transportation). These
results are visualized on the �rst map sheet and can be used for planning purposes in the Olomouc
region. The values of land suitability range from 0 (the lowest suitability) to 100 (the highest
suitability). Areas with no values represent places disquali�ed for suitability due to limits (e.g.
�ooded areas or protected zones).
2.2. Optimal land use calculation
The second map sheet (‘Land suitability of the Olomouc region for housing in 2016’) shows di�erent
aspects of land suitability for housing in the Olomouc region. Housing was selected as the main
Table 3. Parameter setting.
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aspects o a d su tab ty o ous g t e O o ouc eg o . ous g as se ected as t e a
issue to be solved in most planning materials in this region. Four di�erent scenarios (sustainable,
ecological, social, and economic scenario) of land suitability for housing were calculated by the
method described in the previous section. These maps show how the land suitability values can
vary according to the changes in weight settings between the three pillars of suitability (economic,
ecological, and social). The map ‘Suitability of proposed housing areas’ shows the housing proposal
on a background of the sustainable scenario. Urban planners can use this map to evaluate existing
plans and to con�rm or change their decisions. The resulting decision can also be supported by the
values found in the table on the related map sheet. For the last map, ‘Optimal allocation of areas
for housing,’ the sustainable scenario of land suitability was also used. The optimal areas for
development allocation were also reached using the Urban Planner model through the following
procedure (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Scheme of optimal land use calculation.
The whole area of interest, represented by a raster layer of land suitability for housing, was covered
with a hexagonal vector network. Hexagons were used as they were identi�ed as the optimal shape
for delimiting urban areas in the previous research (Birch, Oom, & Beecham, 2007; Burian, Paszto,
& Langrova, 2014; Pánek, 2018). Built-up areas were eliminated from calculations to ensure that the
allocation will be focused only on undeveloped areas. By using zonal statistics, the average value of
land suitability was calculated for each hexagonal unit. According to the actual proposal from a
master plan, the total area of allocation (equal to amount of land required for housing for each
municipality) and the minimum area of allocation (5000 m ) was set up. One percent of units with
the highest value of land suitability were selected and combined (dissolvemethod) into contiguous
areas. If the conditions of the minimal and maximal areas of allocation were not ful�lled, the
process of unit dissolving was repeated (1% of units with the highest value of land suitability are
selected) until the requested values were reached. All polygons calculated by the Urban Planner
model are located outside built-up areas, where actual category of land use is ‘bare land.’
The results from optimal land use calculations (allocation) and proposals for a new housing
development from all master plans were statistically elaborated (Table 4). Basic statistical
parameters of land suitability and area were calculated for polygons and for municipalities too
(polygons’ values were aggregated to the municipality level). The values of land suitability (average,
mean, and maximal) are higher for polygons calculated by Urban Planner (average value of 73.6%)
Display full size
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ea , a d a a ) a e g e o po ygo s ca cu ated by U ba a e (a e age a ue o 3.6%)
in comparison with proposals from master plans (average value of 67.9%). This also applies to
polygons aggregated to the municipality level. Signi�cant di�erences can be observed for minimal
values of land suitability. The lowest value of land suitability for polygons calculated by Urban
Planner is 67.4% instead of null value for proposals from the master plans. The reason is that some
polygons of proposals (8 of 428) are located in areas with no land suitability caused by hard limits
(e.g. �ooding areas, high quality of soils, protected areas around power lines). The Urban Planner
model does not allow the calculation of optimal areas here, but the master plans’ proposals can be
located here (in cases of reasonable exceptions, or negative private or political in�uence).
The area of polygons calculated by Urban Planner di�ers from the master plans’ proposals. Urban
Planner polygons tend to be larger (average value of 22,023 sqm), because continuous and larger
polygons are preferred. The average area of polygons aggregated to the municipality level is almost
the same for proposals from the master plans and for the results from the Urban Planner
calculations. The reason is that the value of the area for each polygon is used as the total value for
allocation in the Urban Planner calculation. There are small di�erences in these values, which are
caused by the method of merging hexagonal units to obtain a �nal polygon of allocation. The
di�erence in area between polygons is also re�ected in the total number of polygons (only 374
polygons calculated by Urban Planner in comparison with 428 polygons proposed by the master
plans) – see Table 5.
Table 5 compares overlaps of polygons calculated by the Urban Planner model and polygons from
master plans (proposals for new development). The average value of land suitability of overlapping
polygons is very similar (74.4% for the Urban Planner result, 72.4% for proposal from the master
plans) but it is di�erent for non-overlapping ones (73.1% for Urban Planner result, 62.9% for
proposal from the master plans). It means that some proposals from the master plans for new
Table 4. Statistics of optimal areas (allocation from Urban Planner
model) and proposed areas for a new housing development
(proposals from master plans).
CSV Display Table

Table 5. Comparison between overlapping and non-overlapping
polygons proposed for a new housing development.
CSV Display Table
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p oposa o t e aste p a s). t ea s t at so e p oposa s o t e aste p a s o e
housing development (203 of 428) are located in the areas with a lower value of land suitability, and
only those which overlap with the Urban Planner results have higher land suitability values. The
reason is as mentioned above, that the proposals in the master plans are in�uenced by private and
political in�uences and by some reasonable exceptions. Most of the polygons from the master plan
proposal that do not overlap with the Urban Planner results are located in areas with higher soil
quality and longer distances from amenities. This causes the lower value of land suitability and
eliminates these areas from optimal land use calculation.
3. Conclusion and discussion
This paper describes the application of the Urban Planner model in a land suitability assessment of
the Olomouc region. Two map sheets (Main map) show several categories of land suitability and
various scenarios of suitability for housing. All results were obtained by the Urban Planner model
using a multi-criteria analysis as the main computational method. In this paper, only the �nal
selections and �nal weights of factors are presented. More detaileddiscussion of model testing and
weight calibration in several regions was previously published (e.g. Burian, Šťastný, et al., 2015; or
Burian, Brus, et al., 2015).
The results of the land suitability assessment, as visualized on the maps, have a high potential for
use in planning processes. Maps of land suitability can be used for the identi�cation of places with
the highest potential for urban development. These were also calculated by Urban Planner and
compared with proposals from the master plans. The suitability of polygons calculated by Urban
Planner is higher than the suitability of proposal from the master plans. In cases where the
proposal from the master plan overlaps with polygons from Urban Planner (52% of all proposals),
the suitability is very similar. Non-overlapping proposals have their value of suitability signi�cantly
lower (in some case even no value). The reason is that the Urban Planner calculation takes into
account all input factors uniformly over the whole region and in some cases land suitability is
eliminated (e.g. because of the high quality of soils, �ooded areas). On the other hand, the Urban
Planner calculations do not consider private ownership and political in�uences, and that is
re�ected in the master plan proposal. For these reasons, especially the result can be considered as
more objective than the master plan proposals.
Czechia has a long tradition of land suitability assessment and urban planning. However, no
computer model that would support real planning processes is currently used. For these reasons,
 
 
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co pute ode t at ou d suppo t ea p a g p ocesses s cu e t y used. o t ese easo s,
the Urban Planner model was developed, tested, and applied in two cities (Olomouc, Jihlava) and
four regions (Olomouc region, Ostrava region, Vysocina region, and Prague region). The results
from the Urban Planner model were used in these regions and cities as additional material for
decision making in urban planning processes. In most cases, the land suitability of the proposals
from the master plan was calculated and compared with the results of the allocation analysis from
the Urban Planner model.
Because the model supports the automatic import of all data models used by all Czech urban
planning o�ces (according to the regulations of Act No. 183/2006 Coll., the Construction Act), its
practical implementation in any other region is simple and fast. Special aspects of di�erent regions
(such as ‘urban region’, ‘rural region’, etc.) can be re�ected by slightly di�erent weights of input
factors.
Existing proposals from the master plans can be compared with the areas allocated by the Urban
Planner model. Several scenarios of land suitability can be used as a basis for discussions about the
future development of any region.
All the results presented in this paper were created in close cooperation with the Municipality of
Olomouc. Experts from this institution can use the presented results for urban planning purposes,
while the same results are also essential for further development of the Urban Planner model. The
results presented in this paper can improve the quality of planning processes in the Olomouc
region and could become an inspiration for the performance of similar analyses.
Software
All analytical results presented in this paper were calculated in an add-on for ArcGIS for Desktop
version 3.1 called Urban Planner. The Urban Planner add-on uses the methods described in this
paper.
Spatial data and maps were maintained and created in ArcMap, ArcGIS 10 for Desktop. Final
desktop publishing and map sheet design were processed in Adobe Illustrator CS6 and Adobe
InDesign CS6.
Data
 
 
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All data used in this project were provided by the Municipality of Olomouc with an agreement to
use them for scienti�c and publication purposes. Data represent standard data sets used in Czech
urban planning. Data are maintained and updated within a two-year period by employees of the
Department of Conception and Development of the Municipality of Olomouc. Data were collected
according to the regulations of Act No. 183/2006 Coll., the Construction Act, by more than 20 state
organizations (Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Czech Geological Survey, Czech Statistical
O�ce, Czech O�ce for Surveying, Mapping, and Cadastre, etc.). The spatial accuracy of the data
corresponds to the Cadastral Map on the scale of 1:2000. A total of 120 vector layers covering the
model factors (Table 2) were used as the input for land suitability calculations. Data are up-to-date
as of 1 January 2016.
Supplemental material
Land suitability assessment of the Olomouc region: an
application of an Urban Planner model 109i 0h 28d l d
 
 
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Related Research Data
Land suitability assessment of the Olomouc region: an application of an Urban Planner
model
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model
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application of an Urban Planner model
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EXAMPLE_MAP.pdf
EXAMPLE OF MODELLING – PUBLIC SERVICES
ENVIRONMENTAL PILLAR Housing Recreation
Public
services
Heavy
industry
Light
industry Transportation
Water bodies protection 28 % 24% 24% 29% 27 % 31% 
Nature p rotection 22 % 24% 24% 26% 27 % 19% 
Mineral resources protection 28 % 30 % 29 % 26% 24% 19 % 
Soil and forest protection 22 % 21% 24% 20% 22 % 31% 
SOCIAL PILLAR Housing Recreation
Public
services
Heavy
industry
Light
industry Transportation
Slope aspect 7% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Kindergarten accessibility 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Elementary school accessibility 7% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Grocery s tore accessibility 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Public spaces accessibility 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Bus stops and public t ransport accessibility 4% 7% 30% 11% 45 % 0%
Trains stops accessibility 4% 5% 22% 17% 18 % 0%
Density of f orests 0% 9% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Distance of rivers 4% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Density of b uild-up areas 0% 20% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Air p ollution 13 % 20% 43% 0% 0% 0%
Noise pollution 18 % 23% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Population density 16 % 0% 0% 56% 0% 50% 
Radon risk 15 % 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Cultural a nd social p rotection 2% 2% 4% 17% 36 % 50% 
ECONOMIC PILLAR Housing Recreation
Public
services
Heavy
industry
Light
industry Transportation
Population density 0% 0% 13 % 0% 0% 0%
Radon r isk 0% 0% 2% 2% 3% 0%
Slope 2% 6% 6% 5% 5% 25 % 
Electric power supply 10% 16% 9% 8% 10 % 0%
Drinking water s upply 10% 6% 6% 5% 8% 0%
Gas supply 5% 0% 6% 8% 8% 0%
Waste water m anagement 8% 0% 4% 8% 5% 0%
Heat supply 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Fiber-optic internet connection 2% 0% 2% 2% 3% 0%
Distance f rom roads 12% 10% 13 % 5% 8% 0%
Distance f rom railroads 0% 0% 0% 2% 3% 0%
Flood hazard 25% 32% 21 % 25 % 26 % 25 % 
Geological hazard 18% 19% 13 % 25 % 18 % 25 % 
Specific infrastructure p rotection 8% 10% 4% 5% 5% 25 % 
LIST OF INPUT FACTORS AND ITS WEIGHTS
60° E45° E
30° E
30° E
15° E
15° E
0°
0°15° W30° W
60° N
60° N
45° N
45° N
30° N
0 500 1 000 km
EXAMPLE OF MODELLING – PUBLIC SERVICES
Authors:
Jaroslav Burian, Markéta Stachová, Alena Vondráková
Department of Geoinforma�cs, Faculty of Science,
Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
P j � K k’ P j �
ECONOMIC PILLAR
RADON RISK SLOPE ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLYPOPULATION DENSITY
13% 2% 6% 9%
WASTE WATER MANAGEMENTDRINKING WATER SUPPLY
6% 6% 4%
FIBER-OPTIC INTERNET CONNECTION
2%
DISTANCE FROM ROADS FLOOD HAZARD GEOLOGICAL HAZARD SPECIFIC INFRASTRUCTURE
PROTECTION
GAS SUPPLY
ENVIRONMENTAL PILLAR
NATURE PROTECTION MINERAL RESOURCES PROTECTION SOIL AND FOREST PROTECTIONWATER BODIES PROTECTION
24% 24% 29% 24%
SOCIAL PILLAR
TRAINS STOPS ACCESSIBILITY
30% 22%
AIR POLLUTION
43%
CULTURAL AND SOCIAL PROTECTION
4%
BUS STOPS AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT 
ACCESSIBILITY
SOCIAL PILLAR ECONOMIC PILLARENVIRONMENTAL PILLAR
CALCULATION & MODELLING – INDIVIDUAL PILLARS
SEVERAL SCENARIOS OF LAND SUITABILITY
ECOLOGICAL SCENARIO SOCIAL SCENARIO ECONOMIC SCENARIOSUSTAINABLE SCENARIO
25%
25%
Ecological pillar50%
Social pillar
Economic pillar 50%
25%
25%
Ecological pillar
Social pillar
Economic pillar
50%
25%
25%
Ecological pillar
Social pillar
Economic pillar
33%
33%
33%
Ecological pillar
Social pillar
Economic pillar
0 5 10 km 0 5 10 km 0 5 10 km 0 5 10 km
0 5 10 km 0 5 10 km 0 5 10 km 0 5 10 km
0 5 10 km 0 5 10 km 0 5 10 km 0 5 10 km
0 5 10 km 0 5 10 km 0 5 10 km 0 5 10 km
EXCLUDED AREAS
HIGH SUITABILITY
ZERO SUITABILITY(exis�ng protec�on)
EXCLUDED AREAS
HIGH SUITABILITY
ZERO SUITABILITY(exis�ng protec�on)
EXCLUDED AREAS
HIGH SUITABILITY
HIGH SUITABILITY
ZERO SUITABILITY(exis�ng protec�on)
HIGH 
LOW
EXCLUDED AREAS
ZERO SUITABILITY(exis�ng protec�on)
 SUITABILITY
HIGH
LOW
ZERO SUITABILITY
 SUITABILITY
HIGH
LOW
ZERO SUITABILITY
 SUITABILITY
HIGH
LOW
EXCLUDED AREAS
 SUITABILITY
EXCLUDED AREAS
ZERO SUITABILITY
LOW
HIGH
ZERO SUITABILITY
 SUITABILITY
ZERO SUITABILITY
HIGH SUITABILITY
HIGH
LOW
EXCLUDED AREAS
ZERO SUITABILITY
 SUITABILITY
ZERO SUITABILITY
HIGH SUITABILITY
HIGH
LOW
ZERO SUITABILITY
 SUITABILITY
HIGH
LOW
ZERO SUITABILITY
 SUITABILITY
HIGH
LOW
ZERO SUITABILITY
 SUITABILITY
ZERO SUITABILITY
0 5 10 km
LOW
HIGH
EXCLUDED AREAS
ZERO SUITABILITY
 SUITABILITY
0 5 10 km
LOW
HIGH
EXCLUDED AREAS
ZERO SUITABILITY
 SUITABILITY
0 5 10 km
LOW
HIGH
EXCLUDED AREAS
 SUITABILITY
0 5 10 km
LOW
HIGH
EXCLUDED AREAS
ZERO SUITABILITY
 SUITABILITY
0 5 10 km
LOW
HIGH
EXCLUDED AREAS
ZERO SUITABILITY
 SUITABILITY
0 5 10 km
LOW
HIGH
EXCLUDED AREAS
ZERO SUITABILITY
 SUITABILITY
0 5 10 km
LOW
HIGH
EXCLUDED AREAS
ZERO SUITABILITY
 SUITABILITY
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Disclosure statement
No potential con�ict of interest was reported by the authors.
ORCID
Jaroslav Burian http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0729-9757
Alena Vondrakova http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-467X
Additional information
Funding
This paper was supported by the Internal Grant Agency of Palacký University Olomouc (project
IGA_PrF_2016_008 – Advanced monitoring, spatial analysis and visualization of urban landscape) and by the
ERASMUS+ project no. 2016-1-CZ01-KA203-024040.
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