SIMULADO - Língua Inglesa para CAIXA - 2024

Prévia do material em texto

1) 
Língua Inglesa para CAIXA - 2024
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/s/Q3Nuz3
Ordenação: Por Matéria e Assunto (data)
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2779515
CESGRANRIO - TPP (IPEA)/IPEA/Ciência de Dados/2024
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
How good is the U.S. economy? It’s beating pre-pandemic predictions.
 
Americans might be reluctant to believe it, but on paper, the U.S. economy is doing pretty well. So well,
in fact, that we’re performing better than forecasts made even before the pandemic began.
 
The nation’s employers added another 199,000 jobs in November, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported on Friday. This means that overall employment is now 2 million jobs higher than was expected
by now in forecasts made way back in January 2020 by the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.
 
The job market isn’t the only front on which we have bested forecasts made before the pandemic. The
overall size of the economy, as measured by gross domestic product, is larger than it was expected to be
around now. The International Monetary Fund says that U.S. gross domestic product is higher today, in
inflation-adjusted terms, than it had expected at the beginning of 2020. The IMF ran these calculations
for countries around the world, and found the United States was an outlier in beating the organization’s
pre-covid forecasts.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/s/Q3Nuz3
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2779515
So why did well-regarded professional forecasters underestimate the strength of the economy? And how
is it that jobs and GDP are doing better than they expected, even as inflation has been unmistakably
worse?
 
To some extent, all these things are related. Forecasters obviously did not anticipate the pandemic. They
also did not anticipate the unprecedentedly enormous government response to the coronavirus. When
the public health crisis hit and disemployed millions of American workers, policymakers implemented
unusually generous fiscal and monetary stimulus.
 
Such measures helped get people back to work sooner, and avoided the long, painful effort back to
normal that had followed the Great Recession. Thus, faster job growth. They also massively amplified
consumer demand, at a time when the productive capacity of the economy (i.e., companies’ ability to
make and deliver the things their customers want) couldn’t keep up. Employers faced all kinds of
shortages — of products, materials, workers — and consumers anxious to buy stuff raised the prices of
whatever inventory companies actually had available. Thus, faster price growth.
 
If you had asked me back in January 2020 how Americans might feel about an economy with an “extra”
2 million jobs, unemployment less than 4 percent, and inflation just over 3 percent, I probably would
have guessed the public would be pretty content. However people are still furious about the extra price
growth they’ve already endured to date, and unimpressed by all that extra job growth. Maybe it’s human
nature for people to view better jobs or pay as things they’ve earned, while a painful price increase is
something inflicted upon them — even if both are, to some extent, two sides of the same coin.
 
Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/ 2023/12/08/jobs-report-economy-beats-
pandemicpredictions/. Retrieved on: Dec. 12, 2023. Adapted.
 
According to Text I,
a) although the job market and the GDP are getting worse, prices are decreasing.
2) 
b) the increasing unemployment has contributed to people’s positive perception of the U.S. economy.
c) the current predictions about the U.S. economy indicate that the job market will worsen in the
future.
d) despite people’s negative perception, the U.S. economy is doing well.
e) excessively positive forecasts about the U.S. economy have pushed prices up.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2397932
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Fed’s Jefferson says inflation is U.S. central bank’s most worrisome problem
 
Inflation is the most serious problem facing the Federal Reserve and “may take some time” to address,
Fed Governor Philip Jefferson said on Tuesday in his first public remarks since joining the U.S. central
bank’s governing body.
 
“Restoring price stability may take some time and will likely result in a period of below-trend growth,”
Jefferson told a conference in Atlanta, joining the current Fed consensus for continued interest rate
increases to battle price pressures.
 
“I want to assure you that my colleagues and I are resolute that we will bring inflation back down to 2%
... We are committed to taking the further steps necessary.”
 
Monetary policy that stabilizes inflation “can produce long-term, noninflationary economic expansions ...
that economic history suggests is an ideal framework or environment for inclusive growth,” Jefferson
said. “So, it is important that we get back to that kind of economy. And that is what I think the intent of
the Fed is.”
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2397932
Fed Chair Jerome Powell has admitted that the central bank’s intent to slow economic growth will cause
economic “pain” and likely increased unemployment, but that the worst outcome would be to let inflation
take root.
 
In his remarks, Jefferson said there are reasons to think rigid conditions in the labor market are already
easing. Indeed new data on Tuesday showed a severe decrease in job openings in August that began to
bring the number of workers sought by companies more in line with the numbers of unemployed.
 
That could help reduce salary growth, Jefferson said, and there were indications as well that “supply
bottlenecks have, finally, begun to resolve,” and could also help slow down price increases.
 
But it remains uncertain how that will work, and in the meantime “inflation remains elevated, and this is
the problem that concerns me most,” Jefferson said. “Inflation creates economic burdens for households
and businesses, and everyone feels its effects.”
 
Available at: https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/feds-jefferson- first-remarks-calls-i
nflation-most-concerning-problem- 2022-10-04/. Retrieved on: Oct 4, 2022. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of the text is to
a) argue that slowing the economic growth will definitely cause inflation to take root.
b) indicate that inflation is a serious problem, and it needs to be adequately dealt with.
c) suggest that restoring price stability will certainly increase inflation.
d) show that controlling inflation is a minor concern, compared to unemployment.
e) inform that the U.S. central bank’s monetary policy has already decreased inflation to 2%.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2397937
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2397937
3) 
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Fed’s Jefferson says inflation is U.S. central bank’s most worrisome problem
 
Inflation is the most serious problem facing the Federal Reserve and “may take some time” to address,
Fed Governor Philip Jefferson said on Tuesday in his first public remarks since joining the U.S. central
bank’s governing body.
 
“Restoring price stability may take some time and will likely result in a period of below-trend growth,”
Jefferson told a conference in Atlanta, joining the current Fed consensus for continued interest rate
increases to battle price pressures.
 
“I want to assure you that my colleagues and I are resolute that we will bring inflation back down to 2%
... We are committed to taking the further steps necessary.”
 
Monetary policy that stabilizes inflation “can produce long-term, noninflationary economic expansions ...
that economic history suggests is an ideal framework or environment for inclusive growth,” Jefferson
said. “So, it is important that we get back to that kind of economy. And that is what I think the intent of
the Fed is.”
 
Fed Chair Jerome Powellhas admitted that the central bank’s intent to slow economic growth will cause
economic “pain” and likely increased unemployment, but that the worst outcome would be to let inflation
take root.
 
In his remarks, Jefferson said there are reasons to think rigid conditions in the labor market are already
easing. Indeed new data on Tuesday showed a severe decrease in job openings in August that began to
bring the number of workers sought by companies more in line with the numbers of unemployed.
4) 
 
That could help reduce salary growth, Jefferson said, and there were indications as well that “supply
bottlenecks have, finally, begun to resolve,” and could also help slow down price increases.
 
But it remains uncertain how that will work, and in the meantime “inflation remains elevated, and this is
the problem that concerns me most,” Jefferson said. “Inflation creates economic burdens for households
and businesses, and everyone feels its effects.”
 
Available at: https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/feds-jefferson- first-remarks-calls-i
nflation-most-concerning-problem- 2022-10-04/. Retrieved on: Oct 4, 2022. Adapted.
 
In the segment of paragraph “the worst outcome would be to let inflation take root”, the words would be
signal
a) a certain future
b) a definite past
c) a hypothetical possibility
d) an indefinite present
e) an inevitable destiny
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2398730
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Impacts of new age technology
 
New age technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have radically
transformed the way banking works today.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2398730
 
Thanks to AI, it is possible to conduct real-time data analysis from a large volume of data sets and
provide customized solutions to banking customers.
 
With powerful AI tools, banks can make informed decisions faster by using predictive analysis, which is
the central point of AI and ML. As soon as a potential customer searches for something online, the AI
tools pick it up and serve related content that leads to quick sales. This improves customer service
tremendously as customers find tailor-made solutions without much human intervention.
 
Banks’ lending processes have also improved considerably as they can analyze customers’ spending
patterns, study different customer data points, and determine borrowers’ credit conditions. So, there is
much less paperwork.
 
Customer-centric banking has become indispensable with the introduction of different kinds of software
that utilize Natural Language Processing (NLP) to read, process and understand text and speech. Banks
have successfully installed digital tools to answer customer questions, which has helped them reduce the
time and effort of human capital and provide quick and consistent service. Using those resources, banks
are expected to save $7.3 billion in operational costs.
 
The changing profile of banking depends a lot on the Internet-age generation. Their expectations from
their banks to provide an omni-digital experience have enabled the shift, allowing them to fulfil their
banking needs sitting from a remote location. Appropriately, banks quickly jumped onto the digitalization
movement and refreshed their services in line with their requirements.
 
Mobile banking, for example, is very popular among millennials. An Insider Intelligence’s Mobile Banking
Competitive Edge study indicated that a surprising 97% of them use mobile banking! Transferring funds,
checking their transactions online, downloading their account statements or even applying for a loan is
possible through a click of fingers on their mobile phones. This has also eliminated the need for physical
branches, enabling banks to operate in a lean manner and cut unnecessary costs.
 
The usage of credit cards, debit cards, mobile banking apps, mobile wallets, third-party payment apps,
etc., have all increased considerably, indicating an essential shift in the customers’ preferences. Banks
have modernized their processes and broken the barriers between the different entities involved, such as
branches, ATMs, and online banking, to create a continuous flow for their customers.
 
The changing customer profile inclines towards bringing both physical and digital worlds closer, and this
is influencing the finance and banking sector favorably. Banks give attention to this need for digitalization
to retain their customers in the long run.
 
The pandemic of Covid-19 helped the banking industry to depend heavily on digital technology and tech-
enabled systems to stay alive. The result of the pandemic, however, resulted in new beginnings in the
form of huge digital transformation and newer business models for the banks.
 
The favorable impact of technology is obvious across banking institutions. Even though the banking
arena has advanced in achieving digital involvement, many more unexploited opportunities exist for
banks. The banks must maintain the sanctity of their customers’ data and serve them with better
solutions without having to sacrifice their security. The few challenges the banking sector still has are
data breaches or escapes, lack of e-banking knowledge amongst their customers, and the permanent
technological landscape that requires constant training and updating. Plausible solutions to the above are
available with a positive partnership between all stakeholders involved, such as government, industry
professionals and, of course, different banking institutions.
 
Available at: https://www.idfcfirstbank.com/finfirst-blogs/beyond- -banking/what-is-
the-impact-of-it-on-the-banking-sector. Retrieved on: Dec. 9, 2022. Adapted.
 
5) 
The main purpose of the text is to describe the association between
a) banking publicity and profits
b) digital technology and banking
c) banking hierarchy and efficiency
d) banking processes and corruption
e) banking tradition and customers’ confidence
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2398742
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Impacts of new age technology
 
New age technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have radically
transformed the way banking works today.
 
Thanks to AI, it is possible to conduct real-time data analysis from a large volume of data sets and
provide customized solutions to banking customers.
 
With powerful AI tools, banks can make informed decisions faster by using predictive analysis, which is
the central point of AI and ML. As soon as a potential customer searches for something online, the AI
tools pick it up and serve related content that leads to quick sales. This improves customer service
tremendously as customers find tailor-made solutions without much human intervention.
 
Banks’ lending processes have also improved considerably as they can analyze customers’ spending
patterns, study different customer data points, and determine borrowers’ credit conditions. So, there is
much less paperwork.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2398742
 
Customer-centric banking has become indispensable with the introduction of different kinds of software
that utilize Natural Language Processing (NLP) to read, process and understand text and speech. Banks
have successfully installed digital tools to answer customer questions, which has helped them reduce the
time and effort of human capital and provide quick and consistent service. Using those resources, banks
are expected to save $7.3 billion in operational costs.
 
The changing profile of banking depends a lot on the Internet-age generation. Their expectations from
their banks to provide an omni-digital experience have enabled the shift, allowing them to fulfil their
banking needs sitting from a remote location. Appropriately, banks quickly jumped onto the digitalization
movement and refreshed their services in line with their requirements.Mobile banking, for example, is very popular among millennials. An Insider Intelligence’s Mobile Banking
Competitive Edge study indicated that a surprising 97% of them use mobile banking! Transferring funds,
checking their transactions online, downloading their account statements or even applying for a loan is
possible through a click of fingers on their mobile phones. This has also eliminated the need for physical
branches, enabling banks to operate in a lean manner and cut unnecessary costs.
 
The usage of credit cards, debit cards, mobile banking apps, mobile wallets, third-party payment apps,
etc., have all increased considerably, indicating an essential shift in the customers’ preferences. Banks
have modernized their processes and broken the barriers between the different entities involved, such as
branches, ATMs, and online banking, to create a continuous flow for their customers.
 
The changing customer profile inclines towards bringing both physical and digital worlds closer, and this
is influencing the finance and banking sector favorably. Banks give attention to this need for digitalization
to retain their customers in the long run.
 
The pandemic of Covid-19 helped the banking industry to depend heavily on digital technology and tech-
enabled systems to stay alive. The result of the pandemic, however, resulted in new beginnings in the
form of huge digital transformation and newer business models for the banks.
 
The favorable impact of technology is obvious across banking institutions. Even though the banking
arena has advanced in achieving digital involvement, many more unexploited opportunities exist for
banks. The banks must maintain the sanctity of their customers’ data and serve them with better
solutions without having to sacrifice their security. The few challenges the banking sector still has are
data breaches or escapes, lack of e-banking knowledge amongst their customers, and the permanent
technological landscape that requires constant training and updating. Plausible solutions to the above are
available with a positive partnership between all stakeholders involved, such as government, industry
professionals and, of course, different banking institutions.
 
Available at: https://www.idfcfirstbank.com/finfirst-blogs/beyond- -banking/what-is-
the-impact-of-it-on-the-banking-sector. Retrieved on: Dec. 9, 2022. Adapted.
 
In the fragment in the paragraph of the text, “The changing profile of banking depends a lot on the
Internet-age generation”, the expression in bold refers to people who
a) do not have digital equipment.
b) dislike digital communication.
c) can not use the world wide web.
d) constantly use Internet services.
e) do not use virtual communication.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2398751
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2023
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2398751
6) 
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Impacts of new age technology
 
New age technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have radically
transformed the way banking works today.
 
Thanks to AI, it is possible to conduct real-time data analysis from a large volume of data sets and
provide customized solutions to banking customers.
 
With powerful AI tools, banks can make informed decisions faster by using predictive analysis, which is
the central point of AI and ML. As soon as a potential customer searches for something online, the AI
tools pick it up and serve related content that leads to quick sales. This improves customer service
tremendously as customers find tailor-made solutions without much human intervention.
 
Banks’ lending processes have also improved considerably as they can analyze customers’ spending
patterns, study different customer data points, and determine borrowers’ credit conditions. So, there is
much less paperwork.
 
Customer-centric banking has become indispensable with the introduction of different kinds of software
that utilize Natural Language Processing (NLP) to read, process and understand text and speech. Banks
have successfully installed digital tools to answer customer questions, which has helped them reduce the
time and effort of human capital and provide quick and consistent service. Using those resources, banks
are expected to save $7.3 billion in operational costs.
 
The changing profile of banking depends a lot on the Internet-age generation. Their expectations from
their banks to provide an omni-digital experience have enabled the shift, allowing them to fulfil their
banking needs sitting from a remote location. Appropriately, banks quickly jumped onto the digitalization
movement and refreshed their services in line with their requirements.
 
Mobile banking, for example, is very popular among millennials. An Insider Intelligence’s Mobile Banking
Competitive Edge study indicated that a surprising 97% of them use mobile banking! Transferring funds,
checking their transactions online, downloading their account statements or even applying for a loan is
possible through a click of fingers on their mobile phones. This has also eliminated the need for physical
branches, enabling banks to operate in a lean manner and cut unnecessary costs.
 
The usage of credit cards, debit cards, mobile banking apps, mobile wallets, third-party payment apps,
etc., have all increased considerably, indicating an essential shift in the customers’ preferences. Banks
have modernized their processes and broken the barriers between the different entities involved, such as
branches, ATMs, and online banking, to create a continuous flow for their customers.
 
The changing customer profile inclines towards bringing both physical and digital worlds closer, and this
is influencing the finance and banking sector favorably. Banks give attention to this need for digitalization
to retain their customers in the long run.
 
The pandemic of Covid-19 helped the banking industry to depend heavily on digital technology and tech-
enabled systems to stay alive. The result of the pandemic, however, resulted in new beginnings in the
form of huge digital transformation and newer business models for the banks.
 
The favorable impact of technology is obvious across banking institutions. Even though the banking
arena has advanced in achieving digital involvement, many more unexploited opportunities exist for
banks. The banks must maintain the sanctity of their customers’ data and serve them with better
solutions without having to sacrifice their security. The few challenges the banking sector still has are
data breaches or escapes, lack of e-banking knowledge amongst their customers, and the permanent
technological landscape that requires constant training and updating. Plausible solutions to the above are
available with a positive partnership between all stakeholders involved, such as government, industry
professionals and, of course, different banking institutions.
7) 
 
Available at: https://www.idfcfirstbank.com/finfirst-blogs/beyond- -banking/what-is-
the-impact-of-it-on-the-banking-sector. Retrieved on: Dec. 9, 2022. Adapted.
 
From paragraph, one can conclude that the pandemic of Covid-19
a) helped control inflation.
b) attracted new customers.
c) interrupted bank services.
d) created new bank branches.
e) enriched bank digital technology.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2399407
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
How To Teach Your Kids Good Money Habits
 
As a parent, you want the best for your children.
 
This doesn’t necessarily mean you want them to have the best clothes, the latest toys or coolest gadgets.
 
Most likely, it means you want to lay a foundation that they can build upon to do well in life. “Without a
working knowledge of money, it is extraordinarily difficult to do well in life,” says Sam X. Renick,
cocreator of Sammy Rabbit, a children’s character and financial literacy initiative. “Money is central to
managinglife, day-in and day-out. Where we live, what we eat, the clothes we wear, the car we drive,
health care, education, child-raising, gift giving, vacations, entertainment, heat, air-conditioning,
insurance—you name it, money is involved.” If you want to play a key role in shaping your children’s
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2399407
feelings, thinking and values about money, you need to give them the gift of financial literacy from an
early age. Lessons should begin before age seven, Renick says, because research shows that money
habits and attitudes are already formed by then. Actually, showing them how money works is more
effective, so let them see you buying things with cash.
 
Your kids’ early interactions with money will likely involve spending. They see you using it to buy things,
including things for them. So it’s important to teach them from a young age that money isn’t just for
spending— they should be saving money regularly, too. “Saving teaches discipline and delayed
gratification,” Renick says. “Saving teaches goal-setting and planning. It emphasizes being prepared, and
it builds security and independence.” Help your kids get in the habit of saving by giving them a piggy
bank or savings jar where they can deposit coins or cash.
 
Kids need to have money of their own so they can learn how to make decisions about using it. An
allowance can accomplish that. However, you should consider requiring your kids to do certain tasks to
earn their allowance. “Just about everyone values money they earn differently than money they receive,”
Renick says. There are some kinds of housework the kids have to do without pay because they’re
expected to help out as part of a family. But they can have specific activities they need to complete if
they want to get paid.
 
In addition to wanting his kids to understand that money is earned, it is important that they can learn to
live within a budget. “My two youngest children would constantly ask for money and spend like drunken
sailors,” says Tim Sheehan, co-founder and CEO of Greenlight, a debit card for kids with parental
controls. “When I started paying them an allowance, I told them that was all the money they would get
and that it was up to them to manage it. Amazingly, it worked,” he says. They track how much they have
coming in and going out and how much they’re saving using the Greenlight app. Learning how to budget
now will help them when they enter the real world, Sheehan says.
 
A key reason that it is important for you, as a parent, to teach your kids financial lessons is because you
can share your money values through those lessons. If you value giving to others, you can introduce that
value to your children by helping make it a habit for them from an early age. You could do as Chase
Peckham – from the San Diego Financial Literacy Center – did with his kids, when they were little, and
create spending, saving and giving jars.
 
Then help your children plan their giving by discussing what groups or causes they want to support.
 
Just as important as the lessons you teach your kids about money are the ways you discuss and handle
money when you’re around them. For example, if you complain about having to spend too much on
certain things and then take your kids out for compulsive shopping, you’re sending mixed messages. If
you want your children to develop good spending and saving habits, they need to see you making smart
spending and saving choices. In short, practice what you preach. And preach with consistency. Educating
your children about personal finance is a process that can take time. But if you put in the effort and
continuously communicate a clear message about money, you will instill good habits that will serve your
children well.
 
Available at: https://www.forbes.com/advisor/personal-finance/how-to-teach-
your-kids-good-money-habits/ Retrieved on: Jan. 2, 2023. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of the text is to
a) demonstrate the ineffectiveness of teaching small children how to deal with money.
b) show parents the importance of teaching children how to use money and ways to do it.
c) prove the point that giving children money will have a negative effect in their adult life.
d) list the biggest difficulties and challenges of teaching personal finances to children.
e) affirm that money habits can’t be taught to children as effectively before their teens.
8) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2400841
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente de Tecnologia/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
From Bartering to Bitcoin
 
By Rich Beattie
 
What we call “money” has always been a moving target. It changes appearance and value. Here are five
key developments in the history of money that have impacted how we earn, save and spend today.
 
Cash Cows - Before humans had money, they had stuff. In ancient times, when you had stuff other
people wanted, you bartered it for stuff you wanted.
 
Around 9000 BC, the most popular commodities included things like cattle, sheep and camels. This was
fine when people bartered close to home, but bulky creatures are cumbersome and difficult to transport.
As people started to venture farther afield to trade, a more portable option became essential.
 
In 1200 BC people started using cowries—the shells of marine mollusks taken from oceans. They were
recognized as precious, and their use spread across Asia, Africa, Oceania and Europe. Having been in use
for centuries — even into the 20th century in some places—cowries win the prize as the world’s longest-
running currency.
 
Three Coins in the Fountain - The issue with bartering became assigning value: Just how much was a
cowrie or a cow worth? So, agreeing on the value of money became essential. It was the Lydians, around
600 BC, who get credit for a critical step in this process: fashioning the first known coins, which were
made of a gold and silver alloy.
 
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The metal used to make a coin—along with its weight—was important, as it denoted the money’s value.
Moreover, as coins gained popularity, so did the idea of adorning them with locally inspired designs.
 
Coins were money, but they now doubled as a historic record. Eventually, they took on even more uses:
People flipped them to make decisions and tossed them into wells while making wishes. They may be
used less in 2020, but coins have been an integral part of our culture for centuries.
 
The Paper Chase - Coins were obviously lighter and easier to transport than cows, but carrying bags of
heavy metal still wasn’t very practical. China’s Tang Dynasty, in the seventh century, came up with a
smart solution, namely, paper money. It was super-light and could feature even richer designs than coins,
and it promised a certain amount of purchasing power.
 
Gold Rush - One of the problems, though, was that counterfeiters had great success with paper bills.
 
The bigger problem came when governments faced economic crises; it was far too easy to print more
paper money, which led to skyrocketing inflation.
 
Paper needed a backup—something universally valued yet not easily replicated. Something like gold.
 
The “gold standard” let governments create a fixed price for this precious metal that was tied directly to
the value of their currency. In the United States, the idea took root in the late 17th century, and it spread
to Europe in the 19th century. But confidence in the gold standard crumbled during World War I, and it
soon became apparent that in order to thrive, currencies needed the freedom to fluctuate dynamically
against each other. The gold standard was dropped in the United States in 1933, and a global economy
started to take shape.
 
The E-Buck Stops Here? - Cows, cowries, coins, paper, gold: Money has always had a physical
presence. But today, it is quickly evolving into numbers that float through the ether. This modern era of
9) 
money began in 1946 with the first bank-issued charge card. Credit cards followed some12 years later,
still related to dollars. However, technology, with cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, is changing the world’s
definition of “money.”
 
Now, social media companies and entire countries are considering digital currencies of their own.
Meanwhile, artificial intelligence is growing eversmarter, and perhaps one day soon your budget and
expenses will be managing themselves. The debate rages about exactly where we are headed, but with
history as our guide, the one thing we can absolutely count on is the inevitability of change.
 
Available at: https://www.synchronybank.com/blog/brief-
history-of-money/. Retrieved on: Sept 10, 2022. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of the text is to
a) present a brief history of money.
b) relate the history of money with wars.
c) regret society’s attitude regarding money.
d) deny the importance of money to humankind.
e) describe the relevance of money in the world.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2400844
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente de Tecnologia/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
From Bartering to Bitcoin
 
By Rich Beattie
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2400844
What we call “money” has always been a moving target. It changes appearance and value. Here are five
key developments in the history of money that have impacted how we earn, save and spend today.
 
Cash Cows - Before humans had money, they had stuff. In ancient times, when you had stuff other
people wanted, you bartered it for stuff you wanted.
 
Around 9000 BC, the most popular commodities included things like cattle, sheep and camels. This was
fine when people bartered close to home, but bulky creatures are cumbersome and difficult to transport.
As people started to venture farther afield to trade, a more portable option became essential.
 
In 1200 BC people started using cowries—the shells of marine mollusks taken from oceans. They were
recognized as precious, and their use spread across Asia, Africa, Oceania and Europe. Having been in use
for centuries — even into the 20th century in some places—cowries win the prize as the world’s longest-
running currency.
 
Three Coins in the Fountain - The issue with bartering became assigning value: Just how much was a
cowrie or a cow worth? So, agreeing on the value of money became essential. It was the Lydians, around
600 BC, who get credit for a critical step in this process: fashioning the first known coins, which were
made of a gold and silver alloy.
 
The metal used to make a coin—along with its weight—was important, as it denoted the money’s value.
Moreover, as coins gained popularity, so did the idea of adorning them with locally inspired designs.
 
Coins were money, but they now doubled as a historic record. Eventually, they took on even more uses:
People flipped them to make decisions and tossed them into wells while making wishes. They may be
used less in 2020, but coins have been an integral part of our culture for centuries.
 
The Paper Chase - Coins were obviously lighter and easier to transport than cows, but carrying bags of
heavy metal still wasn’t very practical. China’s Tang Dynasty, in the seventh century, came up with a
smart solution, namely, paper money. It was super-light and could feature even richer designs than coins,
and it promised a certain amount of purchasing power.
 
Gold Rush - One of the problems, though, was that counterfeiters had great success with paper bills.
 
The bigger problem came when governments faced economic crises; it was far too easy to print more
paper money, which led to skyrocketing inflation.
 
Paper needed a backup—something universally valued yet not easily replicated. Something like gold.
 
The “gold standard” let governments create a fixed price for this precious metal that was tied directly to
the value of their currency. In the United States, the idea took root in the late 17th century, and it spread
to Europe in the 19th century. But confidence in the gold standard crumbled during World War I, and it
soon became apparent that in order to thrive, currencies needed the freedom to fluctuate dynamically
against each other. The gold standard was dropped in the United States in 1933, and a global economy
started to take shape.
 
The E-Buck Stops Here? - Cows, cowries, coins, paper, gold: Money has always had a physical
presence. But today, it is quickly evolving into numbers that float through the ether. This modern era of
money began in 1946 with the first bank-issued charge card. Credit cards followed some 12 years later,
still related to dollars. However, technology, with cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, is changing the world’s
definition of “money.”
 
Now, social media companies and entire countries are considering digital currencies of their own.
Meanwhile, artificial intelligence is growing eversmarter, and perhaps one day soon your budget and
10) 
expenses will be managing themselves. The debate rages about exactly where we are headed, but with
history as our guide, the one thing we can absolutely count on is the inevitability of change.
 
Available at: https://www.synchronybank.com/blog/brief-
history-of-money/. Retrieved on: Sept 10, 2022. Adapted.
 
In the paragraph of the text, the author mentions that paper money first circulated in
a) Italy
b) China
c) England
d) Australia
e) Germany
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2400853
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente de Tecnologia/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
From Bartering to Bitcoin
 
By Rich Beattie
 
What we call “money” has always been a moving target. It changes appearance and value. Here are five
key developments in the history of money that have impacted how we earn, save and spend today.
 
Cash Cows - Before humans had money, they had stuff. In ancient times, when you had stuff other
people wanted, you bartered it for stuff you wanted.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2400853
Around 9000 BC, the most popular commodities included things like cattle, sheep and camels. This was
fine when people bartered close to home, but bulky creatures are cumbersome and difficult to transport.
As people started to venture farther afield to trade, a more portable option became essential.
 
In 1200 BC people started using cowries—the shells of marine mollusks taken from oceans. They were
recognized as precious, and their use spread across Asia, Africa, Oceania and Europe. Having been in use
for centuries — even into the 20th century in some places—cowries win the prize as the world’s longest-
running currency.
 
Three Coins in the Fountain - The issue with bartering became assigning value: Just how much was a
cowrie or a cow worth? So, agreeing on the value of money became essential. It was the Lydians, around
600 BC, who get credit for a critical step in this process: fashioning the first known coins, which were
made of a gold and silver alloy.
 
The metal used to make a coin—along with its weight—was important, as it denoted the money’s value.
Moreover, as coins gained popularity, so did the idea of adorning them with locally inspired designs.
 
Coins were money, but they now doubled as a historic record. Eventually, they took on even more uses:
People flipped them to make decisions and tossed them into wells while making wishes. They may be
used less in 2020, but coins have been an integral part of our culture for centuries.
 
The Paper Chase - Coins were obviously lighter and easier to transport than cows, but carrying bags of
heavy metal still wasn’t very practical. China’s Tang Dynasty, in the seventh century, came up with a
smart solution, namely, paper money. It was super-light and could feature even richer designs than coins,
and it promised a certain amount of purchasing power.
 
Gold Rush - One of the problems, though, was that counterfeiters had great success with paper bills.
 
The bigger problem came when governments faced economic crises; it was far too easy to print more
paper money, which led to skyrocketing inflation.Paper needed a backup—something universally valued yet not easily replicated. Something like gold.
 
The “gold standard” let governments create a fixed price for this precious metal that was tied directly to
the value of their currency. In the United States, the idea took root in the late 17th century, and it spread
to Europe in the 19th century. But confidence in the gold standard crumbled during World War I, and it
soon became apparent that in order to thrive, currencies needed the freedom to fluctuate dynamically
against each other. The gold standard was dropped in the United States in 1933, and a global economy
started to take shape.
 
The E-Buck Stops Here? - Cows, cowries, coins, paper, gold: Money has always had a physical
presence. But today, it is quickly evolving into numbers that float through the ether. This modern era of
money began in 1946 with the first bank-issued charge card. Credit cards followed some 12 years later,
still related to dollars. However, technology, with cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, is changing the world’s
definition of “money.”
 
Now, social media companies and entire countries are considering digital currencies of their own.
Meanwhile, artificial intelligence is growing eversmarter, and perhaps one day soon your budget and
expenses will be managing themselves. The debate rages about exactly where we are headed, but with
history as our guide, the one thing we can absolutely count on is the inevitability of change.
 
Available at: https://www.synchronybank.com/blog/brief-
history-of-money/. Retrieved on: Sept 10, 2022. Adapted.
 
In the paragraph, the author of the text predicts that there are chances artificial intelligence will be able
to
11) 
a) manage bank accounts.
b) prevent money changes.
c) eliminate exchange rates.
d) control financial resources.
e) avoid inflation and corruption.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689165
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Forthcoming innovation & trends in shipping industry
The shipping trends play a vital role in global trade, transporting goods worth trillions of dollars yearly.
Population growth and continued urbanization will also lead to an increase in demand for maritime
shipping services. The maritime shipping industry must continue to innovate and adopt new technologies
to meet this increased demand. The following are some of the most promising trends and innovations
currently taking place in the maritime shipping industry:
Green Technology - One of the most critical trends in maritime shipping is the move toward green
technology. With increasing public awareness of the need to protect the environment, it is becoming
increasingly crucial for maritime companies to adopt green practices. Maritime companies invest in
cleaner-burning fuels such as LNG (liquefied natural gas). LNG produces significantly lower emissions
than traditional marine fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel. Some maritime companies are also
experimenting with battery-powered ships to reduce emissions further. While battery-powered ships are
not yet commercially viable on long voyages, they show great promise for use on shorter routes.
Electric Ships - Global maritime transport emits around 900 million tons of carbon dioxide annually,
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689165
accounting for 2-3% of the world’s total emissions. As the push for decarbonization gathers momentum,
it is only a matter of time before electric ships become the norm.
Autonomous Ships - Another exciting trend in maritime shipping is the development of autonomous
ships. Autonomous ships have the potential to revolutionize the industry. They offer many advantages
over traditional vessels, including reduced operating costs, increased efficiency, and improved safety by
reducing the need for manual labor onboard ships. In addition, automated systems are less susceptible
to human error than their manual counterparts. While there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome
before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually become a
common sight in the world’s oceans.
Blockchain - Blockchain technology is also beginning to make its way into the maritime shipping industry.
Blockchain offers several potential benefits for maritime companies, including improved tracking of
shipments and real-time visibility of their location- this would minimize delays caused by lost or misplaced
cargo, reduce paperwork, and increase transparency throughout the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain-
based smart contracts could automate many administrative tasks related to shipping, such as
documentation and billing.
 
Big data and predictive analytics - Another major trend transforming maritime shipping is the increasing
use of big data and predictive analytics. The shipping industry generates vast amounts of data that can
be extremely valuable if analyzed correctly. Big data analytics can improve everything from route
planning to fuel consumption. By harnessing the power of data, shipping companies can optimize their
operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety and security. Predictive analytics is particularly valuable for
identifying potential problems before they occur, such as equipment failures or weather hazards.
Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is a growing concern for maritime companies due to the increased reliance
on digital systems and networks. As the shipping industry becomes increasingly digitized, companies
must implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect their vessels and cargo from attack. Ships are
12) 
now equipped with everything from satellite communications to remote monitoring capabilities, all of
which create potential cyber vulnerabilities.
Conclusion - The maritime shipping news is undergoing a period of significant change, with new
technologies and trends emerging that have the potential to revolutionize the way that we ship goods
around the world.
Available at: https://maritimefairtrade.org/6-forthcoming-innovation-
-trends-in-the-shipping-industry/ Retrieved on April 22, 2023. Adapted.
 
The main idea of the text is to
a) criticize shipping industry aspects.
b) indicate shipping industry false promises.
c) anticipate shipping industry future failures.
d) point out shipping industry transformations.
e) list business relations among shipping firms.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689166
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Forthcoming innovation & trends in shipping industry
 
The shipping trends play a vital role in global trade, transporting goods worth trillions of dollars yearly.
Population growth and continued urbanization will also lead to an increase in demand for maritime
shipping services. The maritime shipping industry must continue to innovate and adopt new technologies
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689166
to meet this increased demand. The following are some of the most promising trends and innovations
currently taking place in the maritime shipping industry:
 
Green Technology - One of the most critical trends in maritime shipping is the move toward green
technology. With increasing public awareness of the need to protect the environment, it is becoming
increasingly crucial for maritime companies to adopt green practices. Maritime companies invest in
cleaner-burning fuels such as LNG (liquefied natural gas). LNG produces significantly lower emissions
than traditional marine fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel. Some maritime companies are also
experimenting with battery-powered ships to reduce emissions further. While battery-powered ships are
not yet commercially viable on long voyages, they show great promise for use on shorter routes.
 
Electric Ships - Global maritime transport emits around 900 million tons of carbon dioxide annually,
accounting for 2-3% of the world’s totalemissions. As the push for decarbonization gathers momentum,
it is only a matter of time before electric ships become the norm.
Autonomous Ships - Another exciting trend in maritime shipping is the development of autonomous
ships. Autonomous ships have the potential to revolutionize the industry. They offer many advantages
over traditional vessels, including reduced operating costs, increased efficiency, and improved safety by
reducing the need for manual labor onboard ships. In addition, automated systems are less susceptible
to human error than their manual counterparts. While there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome
before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually become a
common sight in the world’s oceans.
 
Blockchain - Blockchain technology is also beginning to make its way into the maritime shipping industry.
Blockchain offers several potential benefits for maritime companies, including improved tracking of
shipments and real-time visibility of their location- this would minimize delays caused by lost or misplaced
cargo, reduce paperwork, and increase transparency throughout the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain-
based smart contracts could automate many administrative tasks related to shipping, such as
documentation and billing.
 
Big data and predictive analytics - Another major trend transforming maritime shipping is the increasing
use of big data and predictive analytics. The shipping industry generates vast amounts of data that can
be extremely valuable if analyzed correctly. Big data analytics can improve everything from route
planning to fuel consumption. By harnessing the power of data, shipping companies can optimize their
operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety and security. Predictive analytics is particularly valuable for
identifying potential problems before they occur, such as equipment failures or weather hazards.
 
Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is a growing concern for maritime companies due to the increased reliance
on digital systems and networks. As the shipping industry becomes increasingly digitized, companies
must implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect their vessels and cargo from attack. Ships are
now equipped with everything from satellite communications to remote monitoring capabilities, all of
which create potential cyber vulnerabilities.
 
Conclusion - The maritime shipping news is undergoing a period of significant change, with new
technologies and trends emerging that have the potential to revolutionize the way that we ship goods
around the world.
 
Available at: https://maritimefairtrade.org/6-forthcoming-innovation-
-trends-in-the-shipping-industry/ Retrieved on April 22, 2023. Adapted.
 
From the second paragraph of the text, one can conclude that green technology can be achieved with
a) HFO
b) LNG
c) diesel
d) greenhouse gas
e) CO2 emission increase
13) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689167
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Forthcoming innovation & trends in shipping industry
 
The shipping trends play a vital role in global trade, transporting goods worth trillions of dollars yearly.
Population growth and continued urbanization will also lead to an increase in demand for maritime
shipping services. The maritime shipping industry must continue to innovate and adopt new technologies
to meet this increased demand. The following are some of the most promising trends and innovations
currently taking place in the maritime shipping industry:
 
Green Technology - One of the most critical trends in maritime shipping is the move toward green
technology. With increasing public awareness of the need to protect the environment, it is becoming
increasingly crucial for maritime companies to adopt green practices. Maritime companies invest in
cleaner-burning fuels such as LNG (liquefied natural gas). LNG produces significantly lower emissions
than traditional marine fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel. Some maritime companies are also
experimenting with battery-powered ships to reduce emissions further. While battery-powered ships are
not yet commercially viable on long voyages, they show great promise for use on shorter routes.
 
Electric Ships - Global maritime transport emits around 900 million tons of carbon dioxide annually,
accounting for 2-3% of the world’s total emissions. As the push for decarbonization gathers momentum,
it is only a matter of time before electric ships become the norm.
Autonomous Ships - Another exciting trend in maritime shipping is the development of autonomous
ships. Autonomous ships have the potential to revolutionize the industry. They offer many advantages
over traditional vessels, including reduced operating costs, increased efficiency, and improved safety by
reducing the need for manual labor onboard ships. In addition, automated systems are less susceptible
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689167
to human error than their manual counterparts. While there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome
before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually become a
common sight in the world’s oceans.
 
Blockchain - Blockchain technology is also beginning to make its way into the maritime shipping industry.
Blockchain offers several potential benefits for maritime companies, including improved tracking of
shipments and real-time visibility of their location- this would minimize delays caused by lost or misplaced
cargo, reduce paperwork, and increase transparency throughout the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain-
based smart contracts could automate many administrative tasks related to shipping, such as
documentation and billing.
 
Big data and predictive analytics - Another major trend transforming maritime shipping is the increasing
use of big data and predictive analytics. The shipping industry generates vast amounts of data that can
be extremely valuable if analyzed correctly. Big data analytics can improve everything from route
planning to fuel consumption. By harnessing the power of data, shipping companies can optimize their
operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety and security. Predictive analytics is particularly valuable for
identifying potential problems before they occur, such as equipment failures or weather hazards.
 
Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is a growing concern for maritime companies due to the increased reliance
on digital systems and networks. As the shipping industry becomes increasingly digitized, companies
must implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect their vessels and cargo from attack. Ships are
now equipped with everything from satellite communications to remote monitoring capabilities, all of
which create potential cyber vulnerabilities.
 
Conclusion - The maritime shipping news is undergoing a period of significant change, with new
technologies and trends emerging that have the potential to revolutionize the way that we ship goods
around the world.
 
14) 
Available at: https://maritimefairtrade.org/6-forthcoming-innovation-
-trends-in-the-shipping-industry/ Retrieved on April 22, 2023. Adapted.
 
In the fragment in the fourth paragraph of the text “While there are many regulatory hurdles to
overcome before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually
become a common sight in the world’s oceans”, the word they refers to
a) common sight
b) world’s oceans
c) regulatory hurdles
d) many regulations
e) autonomous vessels
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689168
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Forthcoming innovation & trends in shipping industry
 
The shipping trends play a vital role in global trade, transporting goods worth trillions of dollars yearly.
Population growth and continued urbanization will also lead to an increase in demand for maritimeshipping services. The maritime shipping industry must continue to innovate and adopt new technologies
to meet this increased demand. The following are some of the most promising trends and innovations
currently taking place in the maritime shipping industry:
 
Green Technology - One of the most critical trends in maritime shipping is the move toward green
technology. With increasing public awareness of the need to protect the environment, it is becoming
increasingly crucial for maritime companies to adopt green practices. Maritime companies invest in
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689168
cleaner-burning fuels such as LNG (liquefied natural gas). LNG produces significantly lower emissions
than traditional marine fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel. Some maritime companies are also
experimenting with battery-powered ships to reduce emissions further. While battery-powered ships are
not yet commercially viable on long voyages, they show great promise for use on shorter routes.
 
Electric Ships - Global maritime transport emits around 900 million tons of carbon dioxide annually,
accounting for 2-3% of the world’s total emissions. As the push for decarbonization gathers momentum,
it is only a matter of time before electric ships become the norm.
Autonomous Ships - Another exciting trend in maritime shipping is the development of autonomous
ships. Autonomous ships have the potential to revolutionize the industry. They offer many advantages
over traditional vessels, including reduced operating costs, increased efficiency, and improved safety by
reducing the need for manual labor onboard ships. In addition, automated systems are less susceptible
to human error than their manual counterparts. While there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome
before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually become a
common sight in the world’s oceans.
 
Blockchain - Blockchain technology is also beginning to make its way into the maritime shipping industry.
Blockchain offers several potential benefits for maritime companies, including improved tracking of
shipments and real-time visibility of their location- this would minimize delays caused by lost or misplaced
cargo, reduce paperwork, and increase transparency throughout the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain-
based smart contracts could automate many administrative tasks related to shipping, such as
documentation and billing.
 
Big data and predictive analytics - Another major trend transforming maritime shipping is the increasing
use of big data and predictive analytics. The shipping industry generates vast amounts of data that can
be extremely valuable if analyzed correctly. Big data analytics can improve everything from route
planning to fuel consumption. By harnessing the power of data, shipping companies can optimize their
operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety and security. Predictive analytics is particularly valuable for
identifying potential problems before they occur, such as equipment failures or weather hazards.
 
Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is a growing concern for maritime companies due to the increased reliance
on digital systems and networks. As the shipping industry becomes increasingly digitized, companies
must implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect their vessels and cargo from attack. Ships are
now equipped with everything from satellite communications to remote monitoring capabilities, all of
which create potential cyber vulnerabilities.
 
Conclusion - The maritime shipping news is undergoing a period of significant change, with new
technologies and trends emerging that have the potential to revolutionize the way that we ship goods
around the world.
 
Available at: https://maritimefairtrade.org/6-forthcoming-innovation-
-trends-in-the-shipping-industry/ Retrieved on April 22, 2023. Adapted.
 
In the fifth paragraph of the text, the author states that “blockchain” is a technology that can
a) chain shipping vessels
b) change weather conditions
c) follow up cargo shipping stages
d) throw cargo items to the sea
e) hide cargo units during shipping
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689170
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689170
15) Forthcoming innovation & trends in shipping industry
 
The shipping trends play a vital role in global trade, transporting goods worth trillions of dollars yearly.
Population growth and continued urbanization will also lead to an increase in demand for maritime
shipping services. The maritime shipping industry must continue to innovate and adopt new technologies
to meet this increased demand. The following are some of the most promising trends and innovations
currently taking place in the maritime shipping industry:
 
Green Technology - One of the most critical trends in maritime shipping is the move toward green
technology. With increasing public awareness of the need to protect the environment, it is becoming
increasingly crucial for maritime companies to adopt green practices. Maritime companies invest in
cleaner-burning fuels such as LNG (liquefied natural gas). LNG produces significantly lower emissions
than traditional marine fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel. Some maritime companies are also
experimenting with battery-powered ships to reduce emissions further. While battery-powered ships are
not yet commercially viable on long voyages, they show great promise for use on shorter routes.
 
Electric Ships - Global maritime transport emits around 900 million tons of carbon dioxide annually,
accounting for 2-3% of the world’s total emissions. As the push for decarbonization gathers momentum,
it is only a matter of time before electric ships become the norm.
Autonomous Ships - Another exciting trend in maritime shipping is the development of autonomous
ships. Autonomous ships have the potential to revolutionize the industry. They offer many advantages
over traditional vessels, including reduced operating costs, increased efficiency, and improved safety by
reducing the need for manual labor onboard ships. In addition, automated systems are less susceptible
to human error than their manual counterparts. While there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome
before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually become a
common sight in the world’s oceans.
 
Blockchain - Blockchain technology is also beginning to make its way into the maritime shipping industry.
Blockchain offers several potential benefits for maritime companies, including improved tracking of
shipments and real-time visibility of their location- this would minimize delays caused by lost or misplaced
cargo, reduce paperwork, and increase transparency throughout the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain-
based smart contracts could automate many administrative tasks related to shipping, such as
documentation and billing.
 
Big data and predictive analytics - Another major trend transforming maritime shipping is the increasing
use of big data and predictive analytics. The shipping industry generates vast amounts of data that can
be extremely valuable if analyzed correctly. Big data analytics can improve everything from route
planning to fuel consumption. By harnessing the power of data, shipping companies can optimize their
operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety and security. Predictive analytics is particularly valuable for
identifying potential problems before they occur, such as equipment failures or weather hazards.
 
Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is a growing concern for maritime companies due to the increased reliance
on digital systems and networks. As the shipping industry becomes increasingly digitized, companies
must implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect their vessels and cargo from attack. Ships are
now equipped with everything from satellite communications to remotemonitoring capabilities, all of
which create potential cyber vulnerabilities.
 
Conclusion - The maritime shipping news is undergoing a period of significant change, with new
technologies and trends emerging that have the potential to revolutionize the way that we ship goods
around the world.
 
Available at: https://maritimefairtrade.org/6-forthcoming-innovation-
-trends-in-the-shipping-industry/ Retrieved on April 22, 2023. Adapted.
 
16) 
In the fragment in the fifth paragraph “Moreover, blockchain-based smart contracts could automate”,
the word Moreover can be associated with the idea of:
a) time
b) addition
c) condition
d) emphasis
e) opposition
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689178
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Forthcoming innovation & trends in shipping industry
 
The shipping trends play a vital role in global trade, transporting goods worth trillions of dollars yearly.
Population growth and continued urbanization will also lead to an increase in demand for maritime
shipping services. The maritime shipping industry must continue to innovate and adopt new technologies
to meet this increased demand. The following are some of the most promising trends and innovations
currently taking place in the maritime shipping industry:
 
Green Technology - One of the most critical trends in maritime shipping is the move toward green
technology. With increasing public awareness of the need to protect the environment, it is becoming
increasingly crucial for maritime companies to adopt green practices. Maritime companies invest in
cleaner-burning fuels such as LNG (liquefied natural gas). LNG produces significantly lower emissions
than traditional marine fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel. Some maritime companies are also
experimenting with battery-powered ships to reduce emissions further. While battery-powered ships are
not yet commercially viable on long voyages, they show great promise for use on shorter routes.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689178
 
Electric Ships - Global maritime transport emits around 900 million tons of carbon dioxide annually,
accounting for 2-3% of the world’s total emissions. As the push for decarbonization gathers momentum,
it is only a matter of time before electric ships become the norm.
Autonomous Ships - Another exciting trend in maritime shipping is the development of autonomous
ships. Autonomous ships have the potential to revolutionize the industry. They offer many advantages
over traditional vessels, including reduced operating costs, increased efficiency, and improved safety by
reducing the need for manual labor onboard ships. In addition, automated systems are less susceptible
to human error than their manual counterparts. While there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome
before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually become a
common sight in the world’s oceans.
 
Blockchain - Blockchain technology is also beginning to make its way into the maritime shipping industry.
Blockchain offers several potential benefits for maritime companies, including improved tracking of
shipments and real-time visibility of their location- this would minimize delays caused by lost or misplaced
cargo, reduce paperwork, and increase transparency throughout the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain-
based smart contracts could automate many administrative tasks related to shipping, such as
documentation and billing.
 
Big data and predictive analytics - Another major trend transforming maritime shipping is the increasing
use of big data and predictive analytics. The shipping industry generates vast amounts of data that can
be extremely valuable if analyzed correctly. Big data analytics can improve everything from route
planning to fuel consumption. By harnessing the power of data, shipping companies can optimize their
operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety and security. Predictive analytics is particularly valuable for
identifying potential problems before they occur, such as equipment failures or weather hazards.
 
Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is a growing concern for maritime companies due to the increased reliance
on digital systems and networks. As the shipping industry becomes increasingly digitized, companies
17) 
must implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect their vessels and cargo from attack. Ships are
now equipped with everything from satellite communications to remote monitoring capabilities, all of
which create potential cyber vulnerabilities.
 
Conclusion - The maritime shipping news is undergoing a period of significant change, with new
technologies and trends emerging that have the potential to revolutionize the way that we ship goods
around the world.
 
Available at: https://maritimefairtrade.org/6-forthcoming-innovation-
-trends-in-the-shipping-industry/ Retrieved on April 22, 2023. Adapted.
 
In the eighth paragraph of the text, the author states that new technology will
a) contribute to world wars.
b) privilege a few companies.
c) keep operations as they are.
d) aggravate the oceans’ pollution.
e) revolutionize shipping operations.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689180
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Forthcoming innovation & trends in shipping industry
 
The shipping trends play a vital role in global trade, transporting goods worth trillions of dollars yearly.
Population growth and continued urbanization will also lead to an increase in demand for maritime
shipping services. The maritime shipping industry must continue to innovate and adopt new technologies
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689180
to meet this increased demand. The following are some of the most promising trends and innovations
currently taking place in the maritime shipping industry:
 
Green Technology - One of the most critical trends in maritime shipping is the move toward green
technology. With increasing public awareness of the need to protect the environment, it is becoming
increasingly crucial for maritime companies to adopt green practices. Maritime companies invest in
cleaner-burning fuels such as LNG (liquefied natural gas). LNG produces significantly lower emissions
than traditional marine fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel. Some maritime companies are also
experimenting with battery-powered ships to reduce emissions further. While battery-powered ships are
not yet commercially viable on long voyages, they show great promise for use on shorter routes.
 
Electric Ships - Global maritime transport emits around 900 million tons of carbon dioxide annually,
accounting for 2-3% of the world’s total emissions. As the push for decarbonization gathers momentum,
it is only a matter of time before electric ships become the norm.
Autonomous Ships - Another exciting trend in maritime shipping is the development of autonomous
ships. Autonomous ships have the potential to revolutionize the industry. They offer many advantages
over traditional vessels, including reduced operating costs, increased efficiency, and improved safety by
reducing the need for manual labor onboard ships. In addition, automated systems are less susceptible
to human error than their manual counterparts. While there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome
before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually become a
common sight in the world’s oceans.
 
Blockchain - Blockchain technology is also beginning to make its way into the maritime shipping industry.
Blockchain offers several potential benefits for maritime companies, including improved tracking of
shipments and real-time visibility of their location- this would minimize delays caused by lost or misplaced
cargo, reduce paperwork, and increase transparency throughout the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain-
based smart contractscould automate many administrative tasks related to shipping, such as
documentation and billing.
 
Big data and predictive analytics - Another major trend transforming maritime shipping is the increasing
use of big data and predictive analytics. The shipping industry generates vast amounts of data that can
be extremely valuable if analyzed correctly. Big data analytics can improve everything from route
planning to fuel consumption. By harnessing the power of data, shipping companies can optimize their
operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety and security. Predictive analytics is particularly valuable for
identifying potential problems before they occur, such as equipment failures or weather hazards.
 
Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is a growing concern for maritime companies due to the increased reliance
on digital systems and networks. As the shipping industry becomes increasingly digitized, companies
must implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect their vessels and cargo from attack. Ships are
now equipped with everything from satellite communications to remote monitoring capabilities, all of
which create potential cyber vulnerabilities.
 
Conclusion - The maritime shipping news is undergoing a period of significant change, with new
technologies and trends emerging that have the potential to revolutionize the way that we ship goods
around the world.
 
Available at: https://maritimefairtrade.org/6-forthcoming-innovation-
-trends-in-the-shipping-industry/ Retrieved on April 22, 2023. Adapted.
 
The vessel that is NOT adequate to the mentioned cargo transport is:
a) cattle and horses - gas tankers
b) wheeled cargo - ro-ro vessels
c) perishable cargo - reefer ships
d) phenol cargoes - chemical tankers
e) unpacked goods - bulk carriers
18) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689818
CESGRANRIO - Seg Of (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Máquinas/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of Hess
Corporation, mentioned during the International Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace of innovation and technology is the driving force behind
progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security? “By
embedding innovation earlier in the process, Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today, there might be some accelerated success.”
 
Guyana can play an essential role in balancing the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil producer globally. The goal is to become
competitive in the global oil and gas market and this can be achieved by attracting and establishing
partnerships with companies that can bring increased efficiency and productivity to the local oil and gas
operations, from exploration and production to storage and transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as catalysts for technology and innovation.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689818
Collaborating with universities and creating a business innovation hub mentality for young entrepreneurs
with government support, like loan guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the industry.
Innovative technology will play a critical role in climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2 equivalent a year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current
emissions. Guyana today can become a world leader in setting a benchmark around flaring and it’s
possible for the country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from day one the right solutions and
the right technologies were properly planned and properly positioned in order to enable the extraction
and the production with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions Director at Schlumberger
vocalized about a year ago.
Innovations and technologies are key to the energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar
photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s energy
transition and future. All this requires not only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and
technology-friendly environment, with a strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will have
a big impact on results over the long term and the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development -caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
 
The fragment of paragraph 2 “vulnerability is the birthplace of innovation” means that vulnerability
a) inhibits the emergence of innovation.
b) creates an encouraging condition for innovation.
c) comes from a situation of innovation.
d) originates from a circumstance of innovation.
19) 
e) delays the extent of innovation.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689916
CESGRANRIO - Seg Of (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Máquinas/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
 
We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of Hess
Corporation, mentioned during the International Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
 
As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace of innovation and technology is the driving force behind
progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security? “By
embedding innovation earlier in the process, Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today, there might be some accelerated success.”
 
Guyana can play an essential role in balancing the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil producer globally. The goal is to become
competitive in the global oil and gas market and this can be achieved by attracting and establishing
partnerships with companies that can bring increased efficiency and productivity to the local oil and gas
operations, from exploration and production to storage and transportation. For Guyana, this means that
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as catalysts for technology and innovation.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689916
 
Collaborating with universities and creating a business innovation hub mentality for young entrepreneurs
with government support, like loan guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the industry.
 
Innovative technology will play a critical role in climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2 equivalent a year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current
emissions. Guyana today can become a world leader in setting a benchmark around flaring and it’s
possiblefor the country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from day one the right solutions and
the right technologies were properly planned and properly positioned in order to enable the extraction
and the production with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions Director at Schlumberger
vocalized about a year ago.
 
Innovations and technologies are key to the energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar
photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s energy
transition and future. All this requires not only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and
technology-friendly environment, with a strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will have
a big impact on results over the long term and the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
 
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development -caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
 
The segment of paragraph 2 “technology is the driving force behind progressive changes” means that
technology
a) produces progressive changes.
b) reduces progressive changes.
c) prevents progressive changes.
20) 
d) slows down progressive changes.
e) complicates progressive changes.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689939
CESGRANRIO - Seg Of (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Máquinas/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Technology And Innovation:
The Gateway To Development For Guyanese?
 
We live in vulnerable energy times. The energy crisis, climate change and energy transition are all
shaking and shaping the global future. “The energy realities of the world remind us that oil and gas will
be here for decades to pivot a just, affordable and secure energy transition,” as John Hess, CEO of Hess
Corporation, mentioned during the International Energy Conference and Expo in Guyana in February
2023.
 
As someone said, vulnerability is the birthplace of innovation and technology is the driving force behind
progressive changes. Nevertheless, how can Guyana play a vital role in reordering energy security? “By
embedding innovation earlier in the process, Guyana can skip several steps and avoid what most
economies went through” this idea was emphasized several times during the same conference. “If we
integrate innovation into Guyana’s process today, there might be some accelerated success.”
 
Guyana can play an essential role in balancing the global energy supply and demand markets and
address the energy crisis by becoming a top crude oil producer globally. The goal is to become
competitive in the global oil and gas market and this can be achieved by attracting and establishing
partnerships with companies that can bring increased efficiency and productivity to the local oil and gas
operations, from exploration and production to storage and transportation. For Guyana, this means that
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2689939
improvements in regulations, a transparent, secure and competitive environment for foreign investment,
and incentives from the government can serve as catalysts for technology and innovation.
 
Collaborating with universities and creating a business innovation hub mentality for young entrepreneurs
with government support, like loan guarantees, grants, and tax credits, will also spur the industry.
 
Innovative technology will play a critical role in climate change. The oil and gas sector must reduce its
emissions by at least 3.4 gigatons of CO2 equivalent a year by 2050 – a 90 % reduction in current
emissions. Guyana today can become a world leader in setting a benchmark around flaring and it’s
possible for the country to achieve zero-flare objective, because “from day one the right solutions and
the right technologies were properly planned and properly positioned in order to enable the extraction
and the production with almost zero carbon footprint”, as the Emissions Director at Schlumberger
vocalized about a year ago.
 
Innovations and technologies are key to the energy transition, from floating wind farms to solar
photovoltaic farm developments, waste-to-fuel projects and green hydrogen, shaping Guyana’s energy
transition and future. All this requires not only massive financial support but an innovationoriented and
technology-friendly environment, with a strong emphasis on education, training and research.
Nevertheless, the decision in Guyana on what technologies to adopt and how much to innovate will have
a big impact on results over the long term and the government should base it on a clear vision and
roadmap.
 
Available at: https://www.newsamericasnow.com/guyana-oil
-technology-and-innovation-the-gate-way-to-development -caribbean-news/. Retrieved on: April 26, 2023. Adapted.
 
In the section of paragraph 6 “the government should base it on a clear vision and roadmap”, the modal
verb should indicates
a) a desirable action
21) 
b) a thoughtless action
c) an unpredictable action
d) an arbitrary action
e) a dynamic action
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693658
CESGRANRIO - PTNS (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Administração/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
How space technology is bringing
green wins for transport
Space technology is developing fast, and, with every advance, it is becoming more accessible to industry.
Today, satellite communications (satcoms) and space-based data are underpinning new ways of
operating that boost both sustainability and profitability. Some projects are still in the planning stages,
offering great promise for the future. However, others are already delivering practical results.
The benefits of space technology broadly fall into two categories: connectivity that can reach into
situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by
Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access to satellite networks, particularly medium earth
orbit (MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer low-latency connectivity and frequently
updated data. Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming, driving down the cost of access to
satellites. Suppliers are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging customer needs and the potential
applications are incredible – as a look at the transportation sector shows.
Satellite technology is a critical part of revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites for
Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that,
combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693658
insight will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR
will help operators reduce emissions by using the network more efficiently, allowing preventative
maintenance and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It will also make rail travel more
attractive and help shift more passengers from road to rail (that typically emits even less CO2 per
passenger than electric cars do).
Satellite data and communications will also play a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future for
road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas
emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and this needs to change.
A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control the
electricity network, managing highly variable supply and demand, as well as a large network of EV
charging points. EO data will be critical in future forecasting models for wind and solar production, to
help manage a consistent flow of green energy.
Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As more wind and solar installations join the electricity
network – oftenin remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G
struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network of EV charging points, connecting each point to
the internet for operational management purposes, for billing and access app functionality and for the
users’ comfort, they may access the system wherever they are.
Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated
driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity
to support real-time software patches, map updates and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites
provide regular software updates to vehicles and enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call
service.
At our company, we have been deeply embedded in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and
22) 
we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art technologies and use cases. We have a strong track
record of translating these advances into practical benefits for our customers that make sense on both a
business and a sustainability level.
Available at: https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/blog/space/how-space-
technology-is-bringing-green-wins-to-transport. Retrieved on April 25, 2023. Adapted.
 
The main idea of the text is to
a) disapprove space technology.
b) relate space technology to diseases.
c) figure out the costs of space technology.
d) list potential dangers of space technology.
e) describe space technology improvements.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693671
CESGRANRIO - PTNS (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Administração/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
How space technology is bringing
green wins for transport
 
Space technology is developing fast, and, with every advance, it is becoming more accessible to industry.
Today, satellite communications (satcoms) and space-based data are underpinning new ways of
operating that boost both sustainability and profitability. Some projects are still in the planning stages,
offering great promise for the future. However, others are already delivering practical results.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693671
The benefits of space technology broadly fall into two categories: connectivity that can reach into
situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by
Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access to satellite networks, particularly medium earth
orbit (MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer low-latency connectivity and frequently
updated data. Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming, driving down the cost of access to
satellites. Suppliers are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging customer needs and the potential
applications are incredible – as a look at the transportation sector shows.
 
Satellite technology is a critical part of revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites for
Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that,
combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This
insight will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR
will help operators reduce emissions by using the network more efficiently, allowing preventative
maintenance and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It will also make rail travel more
attractive and help shift more passengers from road to rail (that typically emits even less CO2 per
passenger than electric cars do).
 
Satellite data and communications will also play a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future for
road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas
emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and this needs to change.
 
A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control the
electricity network, managing highly variable supply and demand, as well as a large network of EV
charging points. EO data will be critical in future forecasting models for wind and solar production, to
help manage a consistent flow of green energy.
 
Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As more wind and solar installations join the electricity
network – often in remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G
struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network of EV charging points, connecting each point to
the internet for operational management purposes, for billing and access app functionality and for the
users’ comfort, they may access the system wherever they are.
 
Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated
driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity
to support real-time software patches, map updates and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites
provide regular software updates to vehicles and enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call
service.
 
At our company, we have been deeply embedded in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and
we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art technologies and use cases. We have a strong track
record of translating these advances into practical benefits for our customers that make sense on both a
business and a sustainability level.
 
Available at: https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/blog/space/how-space-
technology-is-bringing-green-wins-to-transport. Retrieved on April 25, 2023. Adapted.
 
From the fragment in the second paragraph of the text “connectivity that can reach into situations where
terrestrial technologies struggle to deliver”, it can be concluded that terrestrial technologies can present
data problems related to their
a) price
b) safety
c) choice
d) marketing
e) transmission
23) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693673
CESGRANRIO - PTNS (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Administração/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
How space technology is bringing
green wins for transport
 
Space technology is developing fast, and, with every advance, it is becoming more accessible to industry.
Today, satellite communications (satcoms) and space-based data are underpinning new ways of
operating that boost both sustainability and profitability. Some projects are still in the planning stages,
offering great promise for the future. However, others are already delivering practical results.
 
The benefits of space technology broadly fall into two categories: connectivity that can reach into
situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by
Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access to satellite networks, particularly medium earth
orbit (MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer low-latency connectivity and frequently
updated data. Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming, driving down the cost of access to
satellites. Suppliers are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging customer needs and the potential
applications are incredible – as a look at the transportation sector shows.
 
Satellite technology is a critical part of revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites for
Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that,
combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This
insight will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR
will help operators reduce emissions by using the network more efficiently, allowing preventative
maintenance and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It will also make rail travel more
attractive and help shift more passengers from road to rail (that typically emitseven less CO2 per
passenger than electric cars do).
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693673
 
Satellite data and communications will also play a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future for
road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas
emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and this needs to change.
 
A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control the
electricity network, managing highly variable supply and demand, as well as a large network of EV
charging points. EO data will be critical in future forecasting models for wind and solar production, to
help manage a consistent flow of green energy.
 
Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As more wind and solar installations join the electricity
network – often in remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G
struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network of EV charging points, connecting each point to
the internet for operational management purposes, for billing and access app functionality and for the
users’ comfort, they may access the system wherever they are.
 
Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated
driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity
to support real-time software patches, map updates and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites
provide regular software updates to vehicles and enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call
service.
 
At our company, we have been deeply embedded in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and
we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art technologies and use cases. We have a strong track
record of translating these advances into practical benefits for our customers that make sense on both a
business and a sustainability level.
 
Available at: https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/blog/space/how-space-
24) 
technology-is-bringing-green-wins-to-transport. Retrieved on April 25, 2023. Adapted.
 
From the fragment in the second paragraph of the text “Right now, the satellite supplier market is
booming, driving down the cost of access to satellites”, one can infer that the more access to the satellite
supplier market is feasible,
a) the lower its price will be.
b) the higher its price will be.
c) the better its quality will be.
d) the poorer its quality will be.
e) the more reliable its quality will be.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693680
CESGRANRIO - PTNS (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Administração/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
How space technology is bringing
green wins for transport
 
Space technology is developing fast, and, with every advance, it is becoming more accessible to industry.
Today, satellite communications (satcoms) and space-based data are underpinning new ways of
operating that boost both sustainability and profitability. Some projects are still in the planning stages,
offering great promise for the future. However, others are already delivering practical results.
 
The benefits of space technology broadly fall into two categories: connectivity that can reach into
situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by
Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access to satellite networks, particularly medium earth
orbit (MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer low-latency connectivity and frequently
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693680
updated data. Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming, driving down the cost of access to
satellites. Suppliers are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging customer needs and the potential
applications are incredible – as a look at the transportation sector shows.
 
Satellite technology is a critical part of revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites for
Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that,
combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This
insight will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR
will help operators reduce emissions by using the network more efficiently, allowing preventative
maintenance and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It will also make rail travel more
attractive and help shift more passengers from road to rail (that typically emits even less CO2 per
passenger than electric cars do).
 
Satellite data and communications will also play a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future for
road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas
emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and this needs to change.
 
A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control the
electricity network, managing highly variable supply and demand, as well as a large network of EV
charging points. EO data will be critical in future forecasting models for wind and solar production, to
help manage a consistent flow of green energy.
 
Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As more wind and solar installations join the electricity
network – often in remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G
struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network of EV charging points, connecting each point to
the internet for operational management purposes, for billing and access app functionality and for the
users’ comfort, they may access the system wherever they are.
 
25) 
Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated
driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity
to support real-time software patches, map updates and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites
provide regular software updates to vehicles and enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call
service.
 
At our company, we have been deeply embedded in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and
we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art technologies and use cases. We have a strong track
record of translating these advances into practical benefits for our customers that make sense on both a
business and a sustainability level.
 
Available at: https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/blog/space/how-space-
technology-is-bringing-green-wins-to-transport. Retrieved on April 25, 2023. Adapted.
 
The fragment in the third paragraph of the text “The Satellites for Digitalization of Railways (SODOR)
project will provide low latency” means that
a) low volume of data will be conveyed within hours.
b) low volume of data will be interrupted for a few minutes.
c) low volume of data will be communicated within minutes.
d) high volume of data will be transmitted with minimal delay.
e) high volume of data will be transferred after a few minutes.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693688
CESGRANRIO - PTNS (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Administração/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
How space technology is bringing
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693688
green wins for transport
 
Space technology is developing fast, and, with every advance, it is becoming more accessible to industry.
Today, satellite communications (satcoms) and space-based data are underpinning new ways of
operating that boost both sustainability and profitability. Some projects are still in the planning stages,
offering great promise for the future. However, others are already delivering practical results.
 
The benefits of space technology broadly fall into two categories: connectivity that can reach into
situations where terrestrial technologies struggleto deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by
Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access to satellite networks, particularly medium earth
orbit (MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer low-latency connectivity and frequently
updated data. Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming, driving down the cost of access to
satellites. Suppliers are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging customer needs and the potential
applications are incredible – as a look at the transportation sector shows.
 
Satellite technology is a critical part of revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites for
Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that,
combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This
insight will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR
will help operators reduce emissions by using the network more efficiently, allowing preventative
maintenance and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It will also make rail travel more
attractive and help shift more passengers from road to rail (that typically emits even less CO2 per
passenger than electric cars do).
 
Satellite data and communications will also play a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future for
road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas
emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and this needs to change.
 
A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control the
electricity network, managing highly variable supply and demand, as well as a large network of EV
charging points. EO data will be critical in future forecasting models for wind and solar production, to
help manage a consistent flow of green energy.
 
Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As more wind and solar installations join the electricity
network – often in remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G
struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network of EV charging points, connecting each point to
the internet for operational management purposes, for billing and access app functionality and for the
users’ comfort, they may access the system wherever they are.
 
Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated
driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity
to support real-time software patches, map updates and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites
provide regular software updates to vehicles and enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call
service.
 
At our company, we have been deeply embedded in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and
we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art technologies and use cases. We have a strong track
record of translating these advances into practical benefits for our customers that make sense on both a
business and a sustainability level.
 
Available at: https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/blog/space/how-space-
technology-is-bringing-green-wins-to-transport. Retrieved on April 25, 2023. Adapted.
 
From the fifth paragraph of the text, one can infer that models for wind and solar production can provide
sources of
a) unreliable power
26) 
b) intermittent energy
c) constant power flow
d) scarce energy sources
e) dangerous power sources
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693693
CESGRANRIO - PTNS (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Administração/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
How space technology is bringing
green wins for transport
 
Space technology is developing fast, and, with every advance, it is becoming more accessible to industry.
Today, satellite communications (satcoms) and space-based data are underpinning new ways of
operating that boost both sustainability and profitability. Some projects are still in the planning stages,
offering great promise for the future. However, others are already delivering practical results.
 
The benefits of space technology broadly fall into two categories: connectivity that can reach into
situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by
Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access to satellite networks, particularly medium earth
orbit (MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer low-latency connectivity and frequently
updated data. Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming, driving down the cost of access to
satellites. Suppliers are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging customer needs and the potential
applications are incredible – as a look at the transportation sector shows.
 
Satellite technology is a critical part of revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites for
Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that,
combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693693
insight will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR
will help operators reduce emissions by using the network more efficiently, allowing preventative
maintenance and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It will also make rail travel more
attractive and help shift more passengers from road to rail (that typically emits even less CO2 per
passenger than electric cars do).
 
Satellite data and communications will also play a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future for
road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas
emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and this needs to change.
 
A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control the
electricity network, managing highly variable supply and demand, as well as a large network of EV
charging points. EO data will be critical in future forecasting models for wind and solar production, to
help manage a consistent flow of green energy.
 
Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As more wind and solar installations join the electricity
network – often in remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G
struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network of EV charging points, connecting each point to
the internet for operational management purposes, for billing and access app functionality and for the
users’ comfort, they may access the system wherever they are.
 
Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated
driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity
to support real-time software patches, map updates and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites
provide regular software updates to vehicles and enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call
service.
 
27) 
At our company, we have been deeply embedded in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and
we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art technologies and use cases. We have a strong track
record of translating these advances into practical benefits for our customers that make sense on both a
business and a sustainability level.
 
Available at: https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/blog/space/how-space-
technology-is-bringing-green-wins-to-transport. Retrieved on April 25, 2023. Adapted.
 
From the seventh paragraph of the text, one can infer that automated driving will have the benefits of
a) human drivers
b) space technology
c) terrestrial connectivity
d) traffic controlled by people
e) 20th century designed cars
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693695
CESGRANRIO- PTNS (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Administração/2023
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
How space technology is bringing
green wins for transport
 
Space technology is developing fast, and, with every advance, it is becoming more accessible to industry.
Today, satellite communications (satcoms) and space-based data are underpinning new ways of
operating that boost both sustainability and profitability. Some projects are still in the planning stages,
offering great promise for the future. However, others are already delivering practical results.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2693695
 
The benefits of space technology broadly fall into two categories: connectivity that can reach into
situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by
Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access to satellite networks, particularly medium earth
orbit (MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer low-latency connectivity and frequently
updated data. Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming, driving down the cost of access to
satellites. Suppliers are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging customer needs and the potential
applications are incredible – as a look at the transportation sector shows.
 
Satellite technology is a critical part of revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites for
Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that,
combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This
insight will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR
will help operators reduce emissions by using the network more efficiently, allowing preventative
maintenance and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It will also make rail travel more
attractive and help shift more passengers from road to rail (that typically emits even less CO2 per
passenger than electric cars do).
 
Satellite data and communications will also play a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future for
road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas
emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and this needs to change.
 
A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control the
electricity network, managing highly variable supply and demand, as well as a large network of EV
charging points. EO data will be critical in future forecasting models for wind and solar production, to
help manage a consistent flow of green energy.
 
Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As more wind and solar installations join the electricity
network – often in remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G
struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network of EV charging points, connecting each point to
the internet for operational management purposes, for billing and access app functionality and for the
users’ comfort, they may access the system wherever they are.
 
Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated
driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity
to support real-time software patches, map updates and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites
provide regular software updates to vehicles and enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call
service.
 
At our company, we have been deeply embedded in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and
we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art technologies and use cases. We have a strong track
record of translating these advances into practical benefits for our customers that make sense on both a
business and a sustainability level.
 
Available at: https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/blog/space/how-space-
technology-is-bringing-green-wins-to-transport. Retrieved on April 25, 2023. Adapted.
 
In the eighth paragraph of the text, the author states that, for the last 40 years, the company where he
works has been
a) embedded in antipollution laws.
b) dedicated to space travel medicine.
c) involved with cutting-edge space industry.
d) concerned with the Earth’s polar ice caps.
e) engaged in antinuclear weapon campaigns.
28) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2037063
CESGRANRIO - PNMO (ELETRONUCLEAR)/ELETRONUCLEAR/Especialista em Proteção
Radiológica/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Text
 
U.S. domestic air conditioning use could exceed electric capacity in next decade due to
climate change
 
Climate change will provoke an increase in summer air conditioning use in the United States that will
probably cause prolonged blackouts during peak summer heat if states do not expand capacity or
improve efficiency, according to a new study of domestic-level demand.
 
Human emissions have put the global climate on a trajectory to exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming
by the early 2030s, the IPCC reported in its 2021 evaluation. Without significant alleviation, global
temperatures will probably exceed the 2.0-degree Celsius limit by the end of the century.
 
Previous research has examined the impacts of higher future temperatures on annual electricity
consumption for specific cities or states. The new study is the first to project residential air conditioning
demand on a domestic basis at a wide scale. It incorporates observed and predicted air temperature and
heat, humidity and discomfort indices with air conditioning use by statistically representative domiciles
across the contiguous United States, collected by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) in
2005-2019.
 
“It’s a pretty clear warning to all of us that we can’t keep doing what we are doing or our energy system
will fail completely in the next few decades, simply because of the summertime air conditioning,” said
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2037063
Susanne Benz, a geographer and climate scientist at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
 
The heaviest air conditioning use with the greatest risk for overcharging the transmission lines comes
during heat waves, which also present the highest risk to health. Electricity generation tends to be below
peak during heat waves as well, reducing capacity to even lower levels, said Renee Obringer, an
environmental engineer at Penn State University. Without enough capacity to satisfy demand, energy
companies may have to adopt systematic blackouts during heat waves to avoid network failure, like
California’s energy organizations did in August 2020 during an extended period of record heat sometimes
topping 117 degrees Fahrenheit. “We’ve seen this in California already -- state power companies had to
institute blackouts because they couldn’t provide the needed electricity,” Obringer said. The state
attributed 599 deaths to the heat, but the true number may have been closer to 3,900.
 
The new study predicted the largest increases in kilowatt-hours of electricity demand in the already hot
south and southwest. If all Arizona houses were to increase air conditioning use by the estimated 6%
needed at 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming, for example, amounting to 30 kilowatt-hours per
month, this would place an additional 54.5 million kilowatthours of demand on the electrical network
monthly.
 
Available at: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/ 220204093124.htm. Retrieved on: Feb. 9, 2022. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of the text is to
a) describe past events related to summer weather in the southwest.
b) mention the positive changes in Americans’ habits concerning air conditioning.
c) advocate against the use of air conditioning in domiciles.
d) discuss possible problems to satisfy the demand for electric energy in the near future.
e) encourage people to cut down residential carbonemissions.
29) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2037067
CESGRANRIO - PNMO (ELETRONUCLEAR)/ELETRONUCLEAR/Especialista em Proteção
Radiológica/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Text
 
U.S. domestic air conditioning use could exceed electric capacity in next decade due to
climate change
 
Climate change will provoke an increase in summer air conditioning use in the United States that will
probably cause prolonged blackouts during peak summer heat if states do not expand capacity or
improve efficiency, according to a new study of domestic-level demand.
 
Human emissions have put the global climate on a trajectory to exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming
by the early 2030s, the IPCC reported in its 2021 evaluation. Without significant alleviation, global
temperatures will probably exceed the 2.0-degree Celsius limit by the end of the century.
 
Previous research has examined the impacts of higher future temperatures on annual electricity
consumption for specific cities or states. The new study is the first to project residential air conditioning
demand on a domestic basis at a wide scale. It incorporates observed and predicted air temperature and
heat, humidity and discomfort indices with air conditioning use by statistically representative domiciles
across the contiguous United States, collected by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) in
2005-2019.
 
“It’s a pretty clear warning to all of us that we can’t keep doing what we are doing or our energy system
will fail completely in the next few decades, simply because of the summertime air conditioning,” said
Susanne Benz, a geographer and climate scientist at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2037067
 
The heaviest air conditioning use with the greatest risk for overcharging the transmission lines comes
during heat waves, which also present the highest risk to health. Electricity generation tends to be below
peak during heat waves as well, reducing capacity to even lower levels, said Renee Obringer, an
environmental engineer at Penn State University. Without enough capacity to satisfy demand, energy
companies may have to adopt systematic blackouts during heat waves to avoid network failure, like
California’s energy organizations did in August 2020 during an extended period of record heat sometimes
topping 117 degrees Fahrenheit. “We’ve seen this in California already -- state power companies had to
institute blackouts because they couldn’t provide the needed electricity,” Obringer said. The state
attributed 599 deaths to the heat, but the true number may have been closer to 3,900.
 
The new study predicted the largest increases in kilowatt-hours of electricity demand in the already hot
south and southwest. If all Arizona houses were to increase air conditioning use by the estimated 6%
needed at 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming, for example, amounting to 30 kilowatt-hours per
month, this would place an additional 54.5 million kilowatthours of demand on the electrical network
monthly.
 
Available at: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/ 220204093124.htm. Retrieved on: Feb. 9, 2022. Adapted.
 
In the 2nd paragraph, it is noticed that, according to the IPCC report in 2021, the global temperature will
probably rise 1.5 degrees Celsius by the early 2030s due to
a) air conditioning use
b) human emissions
c) electricity consumption
d) electric capacity overcharge
e) blackouts
30) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2037070
CESGRANRIO - PNMO (ELETRONUCLEAR)/ELETRONUCLEAR/Especialista em Proteção
Radiológica/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Text
 
U.S. domestic air conditioning use could exceed electric capacity in next decade due to
climate change
 
Climate change will provoke an increase in summer air conditioning use in the United States that will
probably cause prolonged blackouts during peak summer heat if states do not expand capacity or
improve efficiency, according to a new study of domestic-level demand.
 
Human emissions have put the global climate on a trajectory to exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming
by the early 2030s, the IPCC reported in its 2021 evaluation. Without significant alleviation, global
temperatures will probably exceed the 2.0-degree Celsius limit by the end of the century.
 
Previous research has examined the impacts of higher future temperatures on annual electricity
consumption for specific cities or states. The new study is the first to project residential air conditioning
demand on a domestic basis at a wide scale. It incorporates observed and predicted air temperature and
heat, humidity and discomfort indices with air conditioning use by statistically representative domiciles
across the contiguous United States, collected by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) in
2005-2019.
 
“It’s a pretty clear warning to all of us that we can’t keep doing what we are doing or our energy system
will fail completely in the next few decades, simply because of the summertime air conditioning,” said
Susanne Benz, a geographer and climate scientist at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2037070
 
The heaviest air conditioning use with the greatest risk for overcharging the transmission lines comes
during heat waves, which also present the highest risk to health. Electricity generation tends to be below
peak during heat waves as well, reducing capacity to even lower levels, said Renee Obringer, an
environmental engineer at Penn State University. Without enough capacity to satisfy demand, energy
companies may have to adopt systematic blackouts during heat waves to avoid network failure, like
California’s energy organizations did in August 2020 during an extended period of record heat sometimes
topping 117 degrees Fahrenheit. “We’ve seen this in California already -- state power companies had to
institute blackouts because they couldn’t provide the needed electricity,” Obringer said. The state
attributed 599 deaths to the heat, but the true number may have been closer to 3,900.
 
The new study predicted the largest increases in kilowatt-hours of electricity demand in the already hot
south and southwest. If all Arizona houses were to increase air conditioning use by the estimated 6%
needed at 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming, for example, amounting to 30 kilowatt-hours per
month, this would place an additional 54.5 million kilowatthours of demand on the electrical network
monthly.
 
Available at: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/ 220204093124.htm. Retrieved on: Feb. 9, 2022. Adapted.
 
The fragment in paragraph 5 “Electricity generation tends to be below peak” means that
a) there is usually no electricity left by that time of year.
b) electricity generation is not at its maximum capacity.
c) the quality of electricity generation is not acceptable.
d) excess electricity is being generated.
e) the electricity companies easily satisfy the increased demand.
31) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2037073
CESGRANRIO - PNMO (ELETRONUCLEAR)/ELETRONUCLEAR/Especialista em Proteção
Radiológica/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Text
 
U.S. domestic air conditioning use could exceed electric capacity in next decade due to
climate change
 
Climate change will provoke an increase in summer air conditioning use in the United States that will
probably cause prolonged blackouts during peak summer heat if states do not expand capacity or
improve efficiency, according to a new study of domestic-level demand.
 
Human emissions have put the global climate on a trajectory to exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming
by the early 2030s, the IPCC reported in its 2021 evaluation. Without significant alleviation, global
temperatures will probably exceed the 2.0-degree Celsius limit by the end of the century.
 
Previous research has examined the impacts of higher future temperatures on annualelectricity
consumption for specific cities or states. The new study is the first to project residential air conditioning
demand on a domestic basis at a wide scale. It incorporates observed and predicted air temperature and
heat, humidity and discomfort indices with air conditioning use by statistically representative domiciles
across the contiguous United States, collected by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) in
2005-2019.
 
“It’s a pretty clear warning to all of us that we can’t keep doing what we are doing or our energy system
will fail completely in the next few decades, simply because of the summertime air conditioning,” said
Susanne Benz, a geographer and climate scientist at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2037073
 
The heaviest air conditioning use with the greatest risk for overcharging the transmission lines comes
during heat waves, which also present the highest risk to health. Electricity generation tends to be below
peak during heat waves as well, reducing capacity to even lower levels, said Renee Obringer, an
environmental engineer at Penn State University. Without enough capacity to satisfy demand, energy
companies may have to adopt systematic blackouts during heat waves to avoid network failure, like
California’s energy organizations did in August 2020 during an extended period of record heat sometimes
topping 117 degrees Fahrenheit. “We’ve seen this in California already -- state power companies had to
institute blackouts because they couldn’t provide the needed electricity,” Obringer said. The state
attributed 599 deaths to the heat, but the true number may have been closer to 3,900.
 
The new study predicted the largest increases in kilowatt-hours of electricity demand in the already hot
south and southwest. If all Arizona houses were to increase air conditioning use by the estimated 6%
needed at 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming, for example, amounting to 30 kilowatt-hours per
month, this would place an additional 54.5 million kilowatthours of demand on the electrical network
monthly.
 
Available at: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/ 220204093124.htm. Retrieved on: Feb. 9, 2022. Adapted.
 
The fragment in paragraph 5 “an extended period of record heat sometimes topping 117 degrees
Fahrenheit” describes a climate condition characterized by
a) low and mild temperatures
b) quickly oscillating temperatures
c) exceptionally high temperatures
d) alternating hot and dry weather
e) moderate temperatures and bad weather
32) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039988
CESGRANRIO - PNS (ELETRONUCLEAR)/ELETRONUCLEAR/Administrador/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Text
 
The controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.
Lois Parshley
 
President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for fighting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation –
the easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.
 
A few figures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came
from burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the
country. All of that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is
expected to rise, especially if we power more cars with it.
 
Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the first time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by
2035 and forestall the climate crisis.
 
This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had
long been wary of: nuclear power.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039988
Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or
wind farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much
electricity in the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.
 
But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has
been built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like
small, modular versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer,
cheaper, and more flexible.
 
“We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived
radioactive waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and
take too long to build to be of much help with the climate crisis.
 
While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.
 
Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western
Europe. They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a significant role” in
decarbonizing the power sector.
 
“In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s effort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has
more than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear
generation, a new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.
 
“We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job efficiently.
That leads to construction delays that drive up costs.
 
Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)
 
“The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.
 
Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-should-
we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.
 
In the fragment of paragraph 2 “because demand for electricity is expected to rise, especially if we power
more cars with it”, is expected to rise is used to
a) give strong advice.
b) express lack of necessity.
c) anticipate a probable event.
d) warn about a clear obligation.
e) communicateabsolute certainty.
33) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039989
CESGRANRIO - PNS (ELETRONUCLEAR)/ELETRONUCLEAR/Administrador/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Text
 
The controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.
Lois Parshley
 
President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for fighting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation –
the easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.
 
A few figures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came
from burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the
country. All of that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is
expected to rise, especially if we power more cars with it.
 
Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the first time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by
2035 and forestall the climate crisis.
 
This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had
long been wary of: nuclear power.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039989
 
Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or
wind farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much
electricity in the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.
 
But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has
been built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like
small, modular versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer,
cheaper, and more flexible.
 
“We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived
radioactive waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and
take too long to build to be of much help with the climate crisis.
 
While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.
 
Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western
Europe. They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a significant role” in
decarbonizing the power sector.
 
“In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s effort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has
more than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear
generation, a new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.
 
“We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job efficiently.
That leads to construction delays that drive up costs.
 
Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)
 
“The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.
 
Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-should-
we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.
 
“This daunting challenge”, in paragraph 4, refers to the
a) use of solar and wind power to produce 20% of the U.S. electricity.
b) exclusive use of renewables to generate electricity in the U.S. by 2050.
c) sudden rise of renewable energy sources in the U.S. in the last decade.
d) insertion of nuclear power in the U.S. electricity grid in the next fifty years.
e) goal of achieving a carbon-free electricity grid in the U.S. by 2035 to fight the climate crisis.
34) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039991
CESGRANRIO - PNS (ELETRONUCLEAR)/ELETRONUCLEAR/Administrador/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Text
 
The controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.
Lois Parshley
 
President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for fighting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation –
the easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.
 
A few figures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came
from burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the
country. All of that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is
expected to rise, especially if we power more cars with it.
 
Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the first time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by
2035 and forestall the climate crisis.
 
This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had
long been wary of: nuclear power.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039991
 
Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or
wind farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much
electricity in the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.
 
But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has
been built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like
small, modular versions ofconventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer,
cheaper, and more flexible.
 
“We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived
radioactive waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and
take too long to build to be of much help with the climate crisis.
 
While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.
 
Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western
Europe. They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a significant role” in
decarbonizing the power sector.
 
“In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s effort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has
more than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear
generation, a new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.
 
“We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job efficiently.
That leads to construction delays that drive up costs.
 
Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)
 
“The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.
 
Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-should-
we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.
 
In the fragment of paragraph 5 “Nuclear power has a lot going for it” means that the use of nuclear
power
a) presents many advantageous qualities.
b) generates some doubts about its efficiency.
c) constitutes a real threat to national security.
d) raises severe concerns about potential accidents.
35) 
e) provokes negative reactions among environmentalists.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039995
CESGRANRIO - PNS (ELETRONUCLEAR)/ELETRONUCLEAR/Administrador/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Text
 
The controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.
Lois Parshley
 
President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for fighting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation –
the easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.
 
A few figures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came
from burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the
country. All of that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is
expected to rise, especially if we power more cars with it.
 
Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the first time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by
2035 and forestall the climate crisis.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039995
This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had
long been wary of: nuclear power.
 
Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or
wind farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much
electricity in the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.
 
But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has
been built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like
small, modular versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer,
cheaper, and more flexible.
 
“We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived
radioactive waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and
take too long to build to be of much help with the climate crisis.
 
While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.
 
Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western
Europe. They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a significant role” in
decarbonizing the power sector.
 
“In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s effort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has
more than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear
generation, a new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.
 
“We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job efficiently.
That leads to construction delays that drive up costs.
 
Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)
 
“The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,”Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.
 
Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-should-
we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.
 
In the fragment of paragraph 7 “and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive
waste may not be the biggest”, may not be expresses a(n)
a) possibility
b) obligation
c) necessity
36) 
d) certainty
e) ability
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039996
CESGRANRIO - PNS (ELETRONUCLEAR)/ELETRONUCLEAR/Administrador/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Text
 
The controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.
Lois Parshley
 
President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for fighting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation –
the easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.
 
A few figures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came
from burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the
country. All of that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is
expected to rise, especially if we power more cars with it.
 
Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the first time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by
2035 and forestall the climate crisis.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039996
This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had
long been wary of: nuclear power.
 
Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or
wind farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much
electricity in the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.
 
But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has
been built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like
small, modular versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer,
cheaper, and more flexible.
 
“We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived
radioactive waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and
take too long to build to be of much help with the climate crisis.
 
While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.
 
Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western
Europe. They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a significant role” in
decarbonizing the power sector.
 
“In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s effort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has
more than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear
generation, a new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.
 
“We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job efficiently.
That leads to construction delays that drive up costs.
 
Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)
 
“The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.
 
Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-should-
we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.
 
According to Jacopo Buongiorno, one of the reasons why it is more expensive to build large nuclear
plants in the West is that
a) their cost has more than doubled in European countries.
b) their construction faces constant delays that increase costs.
c) most of the teams working on the projects are effectively trained.
37) 
d) a group of MIT scientists has lost the expertise to build these plants.
e) new nuclear plants are difficult to build because of complex Asian technologies.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039997
CESGRANRIO - PNS (ELETRONUCLEAR)/ELETRONUCLEAR/Administrador/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Text
 
The controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.
Lois Parshley
 
President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for fighting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation –
the easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.
 
A few figures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came
from burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the
country. All of that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is
expected to rise, especially if we power more cars with it.
 
Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the first time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by
2035 and forestall the climate crisis.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039997
This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had
long been wary of: nuclear power.
 
Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far lessspace on the landscape than solar or
wind farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much
electricity in the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.
 
But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has
been built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like
small, modular versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer,
cheaper, and more flexible.
 
“We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived
radioactive waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and
take too long to build to be of much help with the climate crisis.
 
While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.
 
Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western
Europe. They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a significant role” in
decarbonizing the power sector.
 
“In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s effort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has
more than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear
generation, a new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.
 
“We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job efficiently.
That leads to construction delays that drive up costs.
 
Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)
 
“The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.
 
Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-should-
we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.
 
In paragraph 12, the author affirms “(To be fair, several of China’s recent large-scale reactors have also
had cost overruns and delays)”, in order to
a) clarify that China has also faced problems with the construction of large-scale nuclear reactors.
b) praise China’s capacity of building large-scale nuclear reactors fast and effectively.
c) explain that China is more efficient that South Korea when building large-scale nuclear reactors.
38) 
d) support the view that China and South Korea can build projects on budget and on schedule.
e) discuss the reasons why China and South Korea can build nuclear reactors at a lower cost.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039998
CESGRANRIO - PNS (ELETRONUCLEAR)/ELETRONUCLEAR/Administrador/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Text
 
The controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.
Lois Parshley
 
President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for fighting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation –
the easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.
 
A few figures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came
from burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the
country. All of that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is
expected to rise, especially if we power more cars with it.
 
Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the first time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by
2035 and forestall the climate crisis.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2039998
This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had
long been wary of: nuclear power.
 
Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or
wind farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much
electricity in the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.
 
But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has
been built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like
small, modular versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer,
cheaper, and more flexible.
 
“We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived
radioactive waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and
take too long to build to be of much help with the climate crisis.
 
While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.
 
Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western
Europe. They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a significant role” in
decarbonizing the power sector.
 
“In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s effort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has
more than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear
generation, a new reactor in Flamanvilleis a decade late and more than three times over budget.
 
“We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job efficiently.
That leads to construction delays that drive up costs.
 
Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)
 
“The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.
 
Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-should-
we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.
 
In the last paragraph, the author states that “Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both
Finan and the MIT report, but better project management is another.” because he believes that
a) both Finan and the MIT report are absolutely wrong in their conclusions.
b) it is difficult to determine the reasons why nuclear power costs less in Asia.
c) nuclear power is cheaper in Asia just because of better project management.
39) 
d) neither project management nor labor costs explain the low cost of nuclear energy in Asia.
e) lower labor costs are just part of the reason why nuclear power is less expensive in Asia.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1756025
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Robots, the next generation of soccer players
 
If you think a robot will steal your job, you are not alone. Soccer players should be worried too. The next
Messi probably won’t be of flesh and blood but plastic and metal.
 
The concept emerged during the conference “Workshop on grand challenges in artificial intelligence,”
held in Tokyo in 1992, and independently, in 1993, when Professor Alan Mackworth from the University of
Bristol in Canada described an experiment with small soccer players in a scientific article.
 
Over 40 teams already participated in the first RoboCup tournament in 1997, and the competition is held
every year. The RoboCup Federation wants to play and win a game against a real-world cup humans’
team by 2050.
 
The idea behind artificially intelligent players is to investigate how robots perceive motion and
communicate with each other. Physical abilities like walking, running, and kicking the ball while
maintaining balance are crucial to improving robots for other tasks like rescue, home, industry, and
education.
 
Designing robots for sports requires much more than experts in state-of-the-art technology. Humans and
machines do not share the same skills. Engineers need to impose limitations on soccer robots to imitate
soccer players as much as possible and ensure following the game’s rules.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1756025
 
RoboCup Soccer Federation, the “FIFA” of robots, which supports five leagues, imposes restrictions on
players’ design and rules of the game. Each has its own robot design and game rules to give room for
different scientific goals. The number of players, their size, the ball type, and the field dimensions are
different for each league.
 
In the humanoid league the players are humanlike robots with human-like senses. However, they are
rather slow. Many of the skills needed to fully recreate actual soccer player movements are still in the
early stages of research.
 
The game becomes exciting for middle and small size leagues. The models are much simpler; they are
just boxes with a cyclopean eye. Their design focuses on team behavior: recognizing an opponent,
cooperating with team members, receiving and giving a standard FIFA size ball.
 
Today, soccer robots are entirely autonomous. They wireless “talk” to each other, make decisions
regarding strategy in real-time, replace an “injured” player, and shoot goals. The only person in a
RoboCup game is the referee. The team coaches are engineers in charge of training the RoboCups’
artificial intelligence for fair play: the robots don’t smash against each other or pull their shirts.
 
The next RoboCup competition will soon be played, virtually, with rules that will allow teams to
participate without establishing physical contact.
 
Available at:<https://www.ua-magazine.com/2021/05/12/robots-the-
-next-generation-of-soccer-players>. Retrieved on: July 4th, 2021.
Adapted.
 
According to the second paragraph, the concept of robotic soccer players emerged
a) in 1997
40) 
b) in the 1990s
c) before the 1990s
d) in the beginning of the 20th century
e) in the beginning of the 21st century
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1756050
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Robots, the next generation of soccer players
 
If you think a robot will steal your job, you are not alone. Soccer players should be worried too. The next
Messi probably won’t be of flesh and blood but plastic and metal.
 
The concept emerged during the conference “Workshop on grand challenges in artificial intelligence,”
held in Tokyo in 1992, and independently, in 1993, when Professor Alan Mackworth from the University of
Bristol in Canada described an experiment with small soccer players in a scientific article.
 
Over 40 teams already participated in the first RoboCup tournament in 1997, and the competition is held
every year. The RoboCup Federation wants to play and win a game against a real-world cup humans’
team by 2050.
 
The idea behind artificially intelligent players is to investigate how robots perceive motion and
communicate with each other. Physical abilities like walking, running, and kicking the ball while
maintaining balance are crucial to improving robots for other tasks like rescue, home, industry, and
education.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1756050
Designing robots for sports requires much more than experts in state-of-the-art technology. Humans and
machines do not share the same skills. Engineers need to impose limitations on soccer robots to imitate
soccer players as much as possible and ensure following the game’s rules.
 
RoboCup Soccer Federation, the “FIFA” of robots, which supports five leagues, imposes restrictions on
players’ design and rules of the game. Each has its own robot design and game rules to give room for
different scientific goals. The number of players, their size, the ball type, and the field dimensions are
different for each league.
 
In the humanoid league the players are humanlike robots with human-like senses. However, they are
rather slow. Many of the skills needed to fully recreate actual soccer player movements are still in the
early stages of research.
 
The game becomes exciting for middle and small size leagues. The models are much simpler; they are
just boxes with a cyclopean eye. Their design focuses on team behavior: recognizing an opponent,
cooperating with team members, receiving and giving a standard FIFA size ball.
 
Today, soccer robots are entirely autonomous. They wireless “talk” to each other, make decisions
regarding strategy in real-time, replace an “injured” player, and shoot goals. The only person in a
RoboCup game is the referee. The team coaches are engineers in charge of training the RoboCups’
artificial intelligence for fair play: the robots don’t smash against each other or pull their shirts.
 
The next RoboCup competition will soon be played, virtually, with rules that will allow teams to
participate without establishing physical contact.
 
Available at:<https://www.ua-magazine.com/2021/05/12/robots-the--next-generation-of-soccer-players>. Retrieved on: July 4th, 2021.
Adapted.
41) 
 
In paragraph 9, there is the information that in RoboCup competitions the game referee and the team
coaches are
a) humanoids
b) computers
c) real people
d) robotic engineers
e) virtual mechanisms
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757147
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Revolution Accelerated
 
How Digital Transformation is Shaping the Future of Banking
 
Like all businesses, banks have had to act fast to respond to the unprecedented human and economic
impact of Covid-19.
 
First, they needed to keep the lights on and ensure business continuity. Second, they had to meet the
changing ways customers wanted to engage. Finally, they sought to balance their business priorities with
a responsibility to support society. Previous crises cast the banks as part of the problem — this time they
are part of the solution.
 
Banks who have embraced modern banking technology have fared better in meeting these challenges.
They’ve moved seamlessly to remote working, kept up service for their customers, coped with huge
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757147
increases in demand and quickly adapted their products. In contrast, banks using legacy ‘spaghetti’
software have struggled.
 
Covid-19 has accelerated the need for modern banking technology, but it didn’t create it. Before
coronavirus, the 2020s were already being framed as the decade for digital in the banking industry.
Banks’ return on equity were too low and their cost-income ratios were too high. Meanwhile, regulation
like open banking was disrupting the industry and increasing competition from new entrants like the
GAAFAs (Google, Amazon, Alibaba, Facebook, Apple).
 
Providing seamless digital customer experiences was therefore already a ‘must’. Every year, Temenos
partners with the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) for a global study on the future of banking. More
than 300 banking leaders are interviewed from retail, commercial and private banks. Over half of these
are at C-suite level.
 
In 2020, the study took place amid the Covid-19 crisis. The results give a fascinating insight into banking
leaders’ approach during these unprecedented times. But they also show how they see their industry in
the years to come.
 
And the findings suggest three trends which will shape the future of banking:
 
1. New technologies will be the key driver of banking transformation over the next 5 years. 77% of
respondents strongly believed that Artificial Intelligence (AI) will be the most game-changing of
these technologies. They see a diverse range of uses for AI — from personalised customer
experience to fraud detection.
 
2. Banks will overhaul their business models to create digital ecosystems. 80% of respondents
believe that banking will become part of a platform of services. 45% are committed to transforming
their business models into digital ecosystems.
 
3. The sun will set on branch banking. World Bank data shows that visits to branches have been
steadily declining globally over the last decade. As a result of coronavirus, customers are now more
concerned about visiting their branch, and so even more people are willing to try digital applications.
This combination of pandemic and increasingly transformative advanced technology has led a
majority of respondents (59%) to our survey with the EIU to state that traditional branch-based
banking model will be dead in just five years. That’s a 34% increase from last year.
 
The current environment is undoubtedly challenging for banks. But they have the capital, customer
relationships and customer data. They are regulated. And most importantly: they still enjoy their
customers’ trust.
 
In short, banks are best-placed to succeed if they commit to end-to-end digital transformation. That
means a fully digital front office which creates hyper-personalized experiences and ecosystems. And a
back office driving efficient operations and rapid innovation. By embracing modern banking technology,
banks can support their customers today, create new value for the future and drive new levels of future
growth.
 
Available at: <https://www.cnbc.com/advertorial/how-digital-
-transformation-is-shaping-the-future-of-banking>. Retrieved on:
July 13th, 2021. Adapted.
 
The overall purpose of the text is
a) to explain how the banking industry works.
b) to discuss the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the health system.
c) to launch new investment opportunities in the banking industry.
d) to state that digital transformation in banking has been accelerated by the coronavirus pandemic.
e) to promote new AI technology that will change the future of banking.
42) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757154
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Revolution Accelerated
 
How Digital Transformation is Shaping the Future of Banking
 
Like all businesses, banks have had to act fast to respond to the unprecedented human and economic
impact of Covid-19.
 
First, they needed to keep the lights on and ensure business continuity. Second, they had to meet the
changing ways customers wanted to engage. Finally, they sought to balance their business priorities with
a responsibility to support society. Previous crises cast the banks as part of the problem — this time they
are part of the solution.
 
Banks who have embraced modern banking technology have fared better in meeting these challenges.
They’ve moved seamlessly to remote working, kept up service for their customers, coped with huge
increases in demand and quickly adapted their products. In contrast, banks using legacy ‘spaghetti’
software have struggled.
 
Covid-19 has accelerated the need for modern banking technology, but it didn’t create it. Before
coronavirus, the 2020s were already being framed as the decade for digital in the banking industry.
Banks’ return on equity were too low and their cost-income ratios were too high. Meanwhile, regulation
like open banking was disrupting the industry and increasing competition from new entrants like the
GAAFAs (Google, Amazon, Alibaba, Facebook, Apple).
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757154
Providing seamless digital customer experiences was therefore already a ‘must’. Every year, Temenos
partners with the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) for a global study on the future of banking. More
than 300 banking leaders are interviewed from retail, commercial and private banks. Over half of these
are at C-suite level.
 
In 2020, the study took place amid the Covid-19 crisis. The results give a fascinating insight into banking
leaders’ approach during these unprecedented times. But they also show how they see their industry in
the years to come.
 
And the findings suggest three trends which will shape the future of banking:
 
1. New technologies will be the key driver of banking transformation over the next 5 years. 77% of
respondents strongly believed that Artificial Intelligence (AI) will be the most game-changing of
these technologies. They see a diverse range of uses for AI — from personalised customer
experience to fraud detection.
 
2. Banks will overhaul their business models to create digital ecosystems. 80% of respondents
believe that banking will become part of a platform of services. 45% are committed to transforming
their business models into digital ecosystems.
 
3. The sun will set on branch banking. World Bank data shows that visits to branches have been
steadily declining globally over the last decade. As a result of coronavirus, customers are now more
concerned about visiting their branch, and so even more people are willing to try digital applications.
This combination of pandemic and increasingly transformative advanced technology has led a
majority of respondents (59%) to our survey with the EIU to state that traditional branch-based
banking model willbe dead in just five years. That’s a 34% increase from last year.
 
The current environment is undoubtedly challenging for banks. But they have the capital, customer
relationships and customer data. They are regulated. And most importantly: they still enjoy their
customers’ trust.
 
In short, banks are best-placed to succeed if they commit to end-to-end digital transformation. That
means a fully digital front office which creates hyper-personalized experiences and ecosystems. And a
back office driving efficient operations and rapid innovation. By embracing modern banking technology,
banks can support their customers today, create new value for the future and drive new levels of future
growth.
 
Available at: <https://www.cnbc.com/advertorial/how-digital-
-transformation-is-shaping-the-future-of-banking>. Retrieved on:
July 13th, 2021. Adapted.
 
According to the 2nd paragraph of the text, after the Covid-19 outbreak, banks initially had to face the
following number of challenges:
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757163
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757163
43) Revolution Accelerated
 
How Digital Transformation is Shaping the Future of Banking
 
Like all businesses, banks have had to act fast to respond to the unprecedented human and economic
impact of Covid-19.
 
First, they needed to keep the lights on and ensure business continuity. Second, they had to meet the
changing ways customers wanted to engage. Finally, they sought to balance their business priorities with
a responsibility to support society. Previous crises cast the banks as part of the problem — this time they
are part of the solution.
 
Banks who have embraced modern banking technology have fared better in meeting these challenges.
They’ve moved seamlessly to remote working, kept up service for their customers, coped with huge
increases in demand and quickly adapted their products. In contrast, banks using legacy ‘spaghetti’
software have struggled.
 
Covid-19 has accelerated the need for modern banking technology, but it didn’t create it. Before
coronavirus, the 2020s were already being framed as the decade for digital in the banking industry.
Banks’ return on equity were too low and their cost-income ratios were too high. Meanwhile, regulation
like open banking was disrupting the industry and increasing competition from new entrants like the
GAAFAs (Google, Amazon, Alibaba, Facebook, Apple).
 
Providing seamless digital customer experiences was therefore already a ‘must’. Every year, Temenos
partners with the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) for a global study on the future of banking. More
than 300 banking leaders are interviewed from retail, commercial and private banks. Over half of these
are at C-suite level.
 
In 2020, the study took place amid the Covid-19 crisis. The results give a fascinating insight into banking
leaders’ approach during these unprecedented times. But they also show how they see their industry in
the years to come.
 
And the findings suggest three trends which will shape the future of banking:
 
1. New technologies will be the key driver of banking transformation over the next 5 years. 77% of
respondents strongly believed that Artificial Intelligence (AI) will be the most game-changing of
these technologies. They see a diverse range of uses for AI — from personalised customer
experience to fraud detection.
 
2. Banks will overhaul their business models to create digital ecosystems. 80% of respondents
believe that banking will become part of a platform of services. 45% are committed to transforming
their business models into digital ecosystems.
 
3. The sun will set on branch banking. World Bank data shows that visits to branches have been
steadily declining globally over the last decade. As a result of coronavirus, customers are now more
concerned about visiting their branch, and so even more people are willing to try digital applications.
This combination of pandemic and increasingly transformative advanced technology has led a
majority of respondents (59%) to our survey with the EIU to state that traditional branch-based
banking model will be dead in just five years. That’s a 34% increase from last year.
 
The current environment is undoubtedly challenging for banks. But they have the capital, customer
relationships and customer data. They are regulated. And most importantly: they still enjoy their
customers’ trust.
 
In short, banks are best-placed to succeed if they commit to end-to-end digital transformation. That
means a fully digital front office which creates hyper-personalized experiences and ecosystems. And a
44) 
back office driving efficient operations and rapid innovation. By embracing modern banking technology,
banks can support their customers today, create new value for the future and drive new levels of future
growth.
 
Available at: <https://www.cnbc.com/advertorial/how-digital-
-transformation-is-shaping-the-future-of-banking>. Retrieved on:
July 13th, 2021. Adapted.
 
From the sentence of the last paragraph, “By embracing modern banking technology, banks can support
their customers today, create new value for the future and drive new levels of future growth”, it is
inferred that
a) banks cannot grow after the coronavirus pandemic.
b) modern banking technology can help reshape the present and the future of banks.
c) modern technology can frustrate the present and the future of the banking industry.
d) as result of the coronavirus pandemic, banks will not be able to meet customers’ demands in the
future.
e) due to the coronavirus pandemic, banks are not able to meet customers’ expectations in the
present.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757448
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
U.S. Finds No Evidence of Alien Technology
in Flying Objects, but can’t rule it out, either
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757448
WASHINGTON — American intelligence officials have found no evidence that aerial phenomena observed
by Navy pilots in recent years are alien spacecraft, but they still cannot explain the unusual movements
that have mystified scientists and the military.
 
The report determines that a vast majority of more than 120 incidents over the past two decades did not
originate from any American military or other advanced US government technology, the officials said.
That determination would appear to eliminate the possibility that Navy pilots who reported seeing
unexplained aircraft might have encountered programs the government meant to keep secret.
 
But that is about the only conclusive finding in the classified intelligence report, the officials said. And
while a forthcoming unclassified version, expected to be released to Congress by June 25, will present
few other firm conclusions, senior officials briefed on the intelligence conceded that the very ambiguity of
the findings meant the government could not definitively rule out theories that the phenomena observed
by military pilots might be alien spacecraft.
 
Americans’ long-running fascination with UFOs has intensified in recent weeks in anticipation of the
release of the government report. Former President Barack Obama encouraged the interest when he
gave an interview last month about the incidents on “The Late Late Show with James Corden” on CBS.
 
“What is true, and I’m really being serious here,” Mr. Obama said, “is that there is film and records of
objects in the skies that we don’t know exactly what they are.’’
 
The report concedes that much about the observed phenomena remains difficult to explain, including
their acceleration, as well as ability to change direction and submerge. One possible explanation — that
the phenomena could be weather balloons or other research balloons — does not hold up in all cases,
the officials said, because of changes in windspeed at the times of some of the interactions.
 
45) 
Many of the more than 120 incidents examined in the report are from Navy personnel, officials said. The
report also examined incidents involving foreign militaries over the last two decades. Intelligence officials
believe that at least some of the aerial phenomena could have been experimental technology from a rival
power, most likely Russia or China.
 
One senior official said without hesitation that U.S. officials knew it was not American technology. He said
there was worry among intelligence and military officials that China or Russia could be experimenting
with hypersonic technology.
 
He and other officials spoke about the classified findings in the report on the condition of anonymity.
 
Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/03/us/politics/
ufos-sighting-alien-spacecraft-pentagon.html>. Retrieved on:
July 7, 2021.
 
One of the purposes of the text is to confirm that the report determines the
a) existence of life on other planets
b) imminent possibility of aliens’ attack
c) superiority of American technology
d) authorities’ ignorance about unusual aircraft
e) danger of enemy nations’ attacks to the US
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757455
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
U.S. Finds No Evidence of Alien Technology
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757455
in Flying Objects, but can’t rule it out, either
 
WASHINGTON — American intelligence officials have found no evidence that aerial phenomena observed
by Navy pilots in recent years are alien spacecraft, but they still cannot explain the unusual movements
that have mystified scientists and the military.
 
The report determines that a vast majority of more than 120 incidents over the past two decades did not
originate from any American military or other advanced US government technology, the officials said.
That determination would appear to eliminate the possibility that Navy pilots who reported seeing
unexplained aircraft might have encountered programs the government meant to keep secret.
 
But that is about the only conclusive finding in the classified intelligence report, the officials said. And
while a forthcoming unclassified version, expected to be released to Congress by June 25, will present
few other firm conclusions, senior officials briefed on the intelligence conceded that the very ambiguity of
the findings meant the government could not definitively rule out theories that the phenomena observed
by military pilots might be alien spacecraft.
 
Americans’ long-running fascination with UFOs has intensified in recent weeks in anticipation of the
release of the government report. Former President Barack Obama encouraged the interest when he
gave an interview last month about the incidents on “The Late Late Show with James Corden” on CBS.
 
“What is true, and I’m really being serious here,” Mr. Obama said, “is that there is film and records of
objects in the skies that we don’t know exactly what they are.’’
 
The report concedes that much about the observed phenomena remains difficult to explain, including
their acceleration, as well as ability to change direction and submerge. One possible explanation — that
the phenomena could be weather balloons or other research balloons — does not hold up in all cases,
the officials said, because of changes in wind speed at the times of some of the interactions.
 
Many of the more than 120 incidents examined in the report are from Navy personnel, officials said. The
report also examined incidents involving foreign militaries over the last two decades. Intelligence officials
believe that at least some of the aerial phenomena could have been experimental technology from a rival
power, most likely Russia or China.
 
One senior official said without hesitation that U.S. officials knew it was not American technology. He said
there was worry among intelligence and military officials that China or Russia could be experimenting
with hypersonic technology.
 
He and other officials spoke about the classified findings in the report on the condition of anonymity.
 
Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/03/us/politics/
ufos-sighting-alien-spacecraft-pentagon.html>. Retrieved on:
July 7, 2021.
 
In the 7th paragraph of the text, in the fragment “Intelligence officials believe that at least some of the
aerial phenomena could have been experimental technology from a rival power, most likely Russia or
China”, the report’s authors express
a) strong desire
b) irrefutable fact
c) equivocal probability
d) reasonable possibility
e) unrealistic hypothesis
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757457
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757457
46) 
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
U.S. Finds No Evidence of Alien Technology
in Flying Objects, but can’t rule it out, either
 
WASHINGTON — American intelligence officials have found no evidence that aerial phenomena observed
by Navy pilots in recent years are alien spacecraft, but they still cannot explain the unusual movements
that have mystified scientists and the military.
 
The report determines that a vast majority of more than 120 incidents over the past two decades did not
originate from any American military or other advanced US government technology, the officials said.
That determination would appear to eliminate the possibility that Navy pilots who reported seeing
unexplained aircraft might have encountered programs the government meant to keep secret.
 
But that is about the only conclusive finding in the classified intelligence report, the officials said. And
while a forthcoming unclassified version, expected to be released to Congress by June 25, will present
few other firm conclusions, senior officials briefed on the intelligence conceded that the very ambiguity of
the findings meant the government could not definitively rule out theories that the phenomena observed
by military pilots might be alien spacecraft.
 
Americans’ long-running fascination with UFOs has intensified in recent weeks in anticipation of the
release of the government report. Former President Barack Obama encouraged the interest when he
gave an interview last month about the incidents on “The Late Late Show with James Corden” on CBS.
 
“What is true, and I’m really being serious here,” Mr. Obama said, “is that there is film and records of
objects in the skies that we don’t know exactly what they are.’’
 
The report concedes that much about the observed phenomena remains difficult to explain, including
their acceleration, as well as ability to change direction and submerge. One possible explanation — that
the phenomena could be weather balloons or other research balloons — does not hold up in all cases,
the officials said, because of changes in wind speed at the times of some of the interactions.
 
Many of the more than 120 incidents examined in the report are from Navy personnel, officials said. The
report also examined incidents involving foreign militaries over the last two decades. Intelligence officials
believe that at least some of the aerial phenomena could have been experimental technology from a rival
power, most likely Russia or China.
 
One senior official said without hesitation that U.S. officials knew it was not American technology. He said
there was worry among intelligence and military officials that China or Russia could be experimenting
with hypersonic technology.
 
He and other officials spoke about the classified findings in the report on the condition of anonymity.
 
Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/03/us/politics/
ufos-sighting-alien-spacecraft-pentagon.html>. Retrieved on:
July 7, 2021.
 
After reading the last paragraph of the text “He and other officials spoke about the classified findings in
the report on the condition of anonymity”, one can infer that the officials
a) keptsecrets.
b) hid their names.
c) invented stories.
d) omitted the truth.
e) said who they were.
47) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757692
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente de Tecnologia/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
COVID-19 Economy: Expert insights on what
you need to know
 
As we practice social distancing and businesses struggle to adapt, it’s no secret the unique challenges of
Covid-19 are profoundly shaping our economic climate. U.S. Bank financial industry and regulatory affairs
expert Robert Schell explains what you need to know in this uncertain time.
 
• Don’t panic while things are “on pause”
Imagine clicking the pause button on your favorite TV show. Whether you stopped to make dinner or put
kids to bed, hitting pause gives you time to tackle what matters most. Today’s economy is similar. While
we prioritize health and safety, typical activities like driving to work, eating at restaurants, traveling and
attending sporting events are on hold. This widespread social distancing takes a toll on our economy,
putting strain on businesses and individuals alike.
 
Keep your financial habits as normal as possible during this time. Make online purchases, order takeout,
pay bills and buy groceries. These everyday purchases put money back into the economy and prevent it
from dipping further into a recession.
 
• Low interest rates could help make ends meet
In March, the Federal Reserve cut rates drastically to boost economic activity and make borrowing more
affordable. For you, this means interest rates are low for credit cards, loans and lines of credit, and even
fixed-rate mortgages. Consider taking advantage of these low rates if you need extra help paying your
bills, keeping your business running or withstanding a period of unemployment.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757692
 
• Spend on small businesses
Looking to make a positive impact? Supporting small businesses is an easy and powerful way to help.
You can order takeout, tip generously or donate to your local brick-and-mortar retail store, if they provide
that option. Your support makes a big impact for struggling business owners.
 
• Prior economic strength may help us bounce back
The thriving economy of 2019 isn’t just a distant, bittersweet memory. When our health is no longer at
risk and social distancing mandates begin to diminish, we’ll slowly start to rebuild. The stability, low
unemployment rate and upward-trending market we experienced prior to Covid-19 puts us in a good
position to kick-start economic activity and rebound more quickly.
 
Available at <https://www.usbank.com/fi nancialiq/ manage-your-
-household/personal-finance/covid-economy-expert-insights.
html>. Retrieved on: Jul. 20, 2021. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of the text is to
a) share ideas on how people can cope with the challenges brought by the pandemic.
b) teach people how to practice social distancing while shopping at local businesses.
c) encourage people to take loans in order to make donations to brick-and-mortar retail stores.
d) let people know that health concerns are not as important as taking care of one’s finances.
e) suggest that people should engage in diversified activities instead of watching too much TV.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757694
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente de Tecnologia/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757694
48) COVID-19 Economy: Expert insights on what
you need to know
 
As we practice social distancing and businesses struggle to adapt, it’s no secret the unique challenges of
Covid-19 are profoundly shaping our economic climate. U.S. Bank financial industry and regulatory affairs
expert Robert Schell explains what you need to know in this uncertain time.
 
• Don’t panic while things are “on pause”
Imagine clicking the pause button on your favorite TV show. Whether you stopped to make dinner or put
kids to bed, hitting pause gives you time to tackle what matters most. Today’s economy is similar. While
we prioritize health and safety, typical activities like driving to work, eating at restaurants, traveling and
attending sporting events are on hold. This widespread social distancing takes a toll on our economy,
putting strain on businesses and individuals alike.
 
Keep your financial habits as normal as possible during this time. Make online purchases, order takeout,
pay bills and buy groceries. These everyday purchases put money back into the economy and prevent it
from dipping further into a recession.
 
• Low interest rates could help make ends meet
In March, the Federal Reserve cut rates drastically to boost economic activity and make borrowing more
affordable. For you, this means interest rates are low for credit cards, loans and lines of credit, and even
fixed-rate mortgages. Consider taking advantage of these low rates if you need extra help paying your
bills, keeping your business running or withstanding a period of unemployment.
 
• Spend on small businesses
Looking to make a positive impact? Supporting small businesses is an easy and powerful way to help.
You can order takeout, tip generously or donate to your local brick-and-mortar retail store, if they provide
that option. Your support makes a big impact for struggling business owners.
49) 
 
• Prior economic strength may help us bounce back
The thriving economy of 2019 isn’t just a distant, bittersweet memory. When our health is no longer at
risk and social distancing mandates begin to diminish, we’ll slowly start to rebuild. The stability, low
unemployment rate and upward-trending market we experienced prior to Covid-19 puts us in a good
position to kick-start economic activity and rebound more quickly.
 
Available at <https://www.usbank.com/fi nancialiq/ manage-your-
-household/personal-finance/covid-economy-expert-insights.
html>. Retrieved on: Jul. 20, 2021. Adapted.
 
In the 1st paragraph, in the fragment “it’s no secret the unique challenges of Covid-19 are profoundly
shaping our economic climate”, the expression it’s no secret (that) means
a) it’s common knowledge.
b) it’s never been said before.
c) it’s partially true.
d) it’s a bad idea.
e) it’s an important revelation.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757698
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente de Tecnologia/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
COVID-19 Economy: Expert insights on what
you need to know
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1757698
As we practice social distancing and businesses struggle to adapt, it’s no secret the unique challenges of
Covid-19 are profoundly shaping our economic climate. U.S. Bank financial industry and regulatory affairs
expert Robert Schell explains what you need to know in this uncertain time.
 
• Don’t panic while things are “on pause”
Imagine clicking the pause button on your favorite TV show. Whether you stopped to make dinner or put
kids to bed, hitting pause gives you time to tackle what matters most. Today’s economy is similar. While
we prioritize health and safety, typical activities like driving to work, eating at restaurants, traveling and
attending sporting events are on hold. This widespread social distancing takes a toll on our economy,
putting strain on businesses and individuals alike.
 
Keep your financial habits as normal as possible during this time. Make online purchases, order takeout,
pay bills and buy groceries. These everyday purchases put money back into the economy and prevent it
from dipping further into a recession.
 
• Low interest rates could help make ends meet
In March, the Federal Reserve cut rates drastically to boost economic activity and make borrowing more
affordable. For you, this means interest rates are low for credit cards, loans and lines of credit, and even
fixed-rate mortgages. Consider taking advantage of these low rates if you need extra help paying your
bills, keeping your business running or withstanding a period ofunemployment.
 
• Spend on small businesses
Looking to make a positive impact? Supporting small businesses is an easy and powerful way to help.
You can order takeout, tip generously or donate to your local brick-and-mortar retail store, if they provide
that option. Your support makes a big impact for struggling business owners.
 
• Prior economic strength may help us bounce back
50) 
The thriving economy of 2019 isn’t just a distant, bittersweet memory. When our health is no longer at
risk and social distancing mandates begin to diminish, we’ll slowly start to rebuild. The stability, low
unemployment rate and upward-trending market we experienced prior to Covid-19 puts us in a good
position to kick-start economic activity and rebound more quickly.
 
Available at <https://www.usbank.com/fi nancialiq/ manage-your-
-household/personal-finance/covid-economy-expert-insights.
html>. Retrieved on: Jul. 20, 2021. Adapted.
 
In the 4th paragraph, in the fragment “In March, the Federal Reserve cut rates drastically to boost
economic activity”, the verb cut indicates a
a) habitual action repeatedly carried out by the Federal Reserve to address certain economic
situations.
b) future action to be carried out by the Federal Reserve to address possible problems.
c) promised action to be carried out by the Federal Reserve to address the present economic
challenges.
d) one-time action carried out by the Federal Reserve to address the present situation.
e) current action carried out by the Federal Reserve to address a permanent situation.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613542
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Industry Needs to Design Ships Differently
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613542
The shipping industry needs to design ships differently and be more technologically innovative to reach
world climate goals and counter cybersecurity risks, it was agreed at the annual Tripartite Shipbuilding
Forum.
 At the meeting in Nantong, China, held on November 1-3, the forum reached several general
conclusions on ship design and technology. 
 This year’s themes were decarbonization of ships, safe design and digitalization. These issues are
interlinked as they are all relevant to the creation of a more efficient seaborne transport system.
 At the end of two days of debate, it was concluded that the industry urgently needs new ship designs,
equipment, propulsion systems and alternative fuels to achieve the CO2 reduction goals established by
the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the specific objectives to be established for international
shipping by the IMO (International Maritime Organization), a specialized agency of the United Nations, as
part of its GHG (greenhouse gas) reduction strategy.
 It was agreed that the industry needs to use all available technology to a much greater extent, and
increase technological innovation to reduce CO2 emissions to the ambitious degree required by the
international community.
 The Tripartite forum has therefore established inter-industry working groups with the aim of developing
a better understanding of current R&D (research and development) efforts for the new technologies
needed by the shipping sector to realize its vision for zero CO2 emissions this century.
 The participants hope that the general understandings reached at the meeting will send an important
signal to all industry stakeholders about the vital role that everyone must play to deliver the continuous
improvement of shipping’s environmental performance now demanded by global society. The critical
importance of the safety of seafarers and ships which they operate were also part of the meeting’s
agenda. As explained, there are increasing concerns that new regulations governing ship designs aimed
at further reducing CO2 emissions could potentially have adverse effects on the safe operation of ships.
 One example would be any legal requirements that led to a further reduction of engine power. The
concern is that ships could get into problems during bad weather if the engine is insufficiently powered,
putting both the crew and the environment at serious risk.
51) 
 Moreover, recent cyber attacks have increased awareness of potential threats facing the industry. When
it comes to ship design and construction, it was generally agreed that the industry needs to adopt new
methods and standards to create more resilient digital systems on board. A more layered approach to a
ship’s digital system and greater segregation can increase safety, so that a single attack cannot readily
spread to IT (information technology) and other systems both on board the ship and ashore.
 The Tripartite forum agreed that in advance of its next meeting in Korea in 2018, the industry partners
represented at Tripartite will work together to develop new design standards, which will help raise the
resilience of ships’ digital systems and make them more resistant to possible cyber-attacks.
 Available at: <http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/236231/ forum-industry-needs-to-design-ships-differently/>.
Retrieved on: Dec. 2, 2017. Adapted. 
 
One reason why the industry needs to design ships differently is to
a) increase engine power.
b) reduce CO2 emissions.
c) eliminate all security risks.
d) substitute alternative fuels.
e) oppose world climate goals. 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613543
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Industry Needs to Design Ships Differently
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613543
 
The shipping industry needs to design ships differently and be more technologically innovative to reach
world climate goals and counter cybersecurity risks, it was agreed at the annual Tripartite Shipbuilding
Forum.
 
At the meeting in Nantong, China, held on November 1-3, the forum reached several general conclusions
on ship design and technology. 
 
This year’s themes were decarbonization of ships, safe design and digitalization. These issues are
interlinked as they are all relevant to the creation of a more efficient seaborne transport system.
 
At the end of two days of debate, it was concluded that the industry urgently needs new ship designs,
equipment, propulsion systems and alternative fuels to achieve the CO2 reduction goals established by
the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the specific objectives to be established for international
shipping by the IMO (International Maritime Organization), a specialized agency of the United Nations, as
part of its GHG (greenhouse gas) reduction strategy.
 
It was agreed that the industry needs to use all available technology to a much greater extent, and
increase technological innovation to reduce CO2 emissions to the ambitious degree required by the
international community.
 
The Tripartite forum has therefore established inter-industry working groups with the aim of developing a
better understanding of current R&D (research and development) efforts for the new technologies
needed by the shipping sector to realize its vision for zero CO2 emissions this century.
 
The participants hope that the general understandings reached at the meeting will send an important
signal to all industry stakeholders about the vital role that everyone must play to deliver the continuous
improvement of shipping’s environmental performance now demanded by global society. The critical
importance of the safety of seafarers and ships which they operate were also part of the meeting’s
agenda. As explained, there are increasing concerns that new regulations governing ship designs aimed
at further reducing CO2 emissions could potentially have adverse effects on the safe operation of ships.
 
One example would be any legal requirements that led to a further reduction of engine power. The
concern is that ships could get into problems during bad weather if the engine isinsufficiently powered,
putting both the crew and the environment at serious risk.
 
Moreover, recent cyber attacks have increased awareness of potential threats facing the industry. When it
comes to ship design and construction, it was generally agreed that the industry needs to adopt new
methods and standards to create more resilient digital systems on board. A more layered approach to a
ship’s digital system and greater segregation can increase safety, so that a single attack cannot readily
spread to IT (information technology) and other systems both on board the ship and ashore.
 
The Tripartite forum agreed that in advance of its next meeting in Korea in 2018, the industry partners
represented at Tripartite will work together to develop new design standards, which will help raise the
resilience of ships’ digital systems and make them more resistant to possible cyber-attacks.
 
 Available at: <http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/236231/ forum-industry-needs-to-design-ships-differently/>.
Retrieved on: Dec. 2, 2017. Adapted. 
 
The themes of “decarbonization of ships, safe design and digitalization” were
a) discussed at the annual Tripartite Shipbuilding Forum. 
 
b) severely criticized in a shipbuilding meeting in China.
52) 
c) considered insignificant for the future of the shipbuilding industry.
d) rejected by the participants of an annual shipbuilding forum in China.
e) excluded from the debates during the annual shipbuilding industry forum. 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613544
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Industry Needs to Design Ships Differently
 
The shipping industry needs to design ships differently and be more technologically innovative to reach
world climate goals and counter cybersecurity risks, it was agreed at the annual Tripartite Shipbuilding
Forum.
 
At the meeting in Nantong, China, held on November 1-3, the forum reached several general conclusions
on ship design and technology. 
 
This year’s themes were decarbonization of ships, safe design and digitalization. These issues are
interlinked as they are all relevant to the creation of a more efficient seaborne transport system.
 
At the end of two days of debate, it was concluded that the industry urgently needs new ship designs,
equipment, propulsion systems and alternative fuels to achieve the CO2 reduction goals established by
the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the specific objectives to be established for international
shipping by the IMO (International Maritime Organization), a specialized agency of the United Nations, as
part of its GHG (greenhouse gas) reduction strategy.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613544
It was agreed that the industry needs to use all available technology to a much greater extent, and
increase technological innovation to reduce CO2 emissions to the ambitious degree required by the
international community.
 
The Tripartite forum has therefore established inter-industry working groups with the aim of developing a
better understanding of current R&D (research and development) efforts for the new technologies
needed by the shipping sector to realize its vision for zero CO2 emissions this century.
 
The participants hope that the general understandings reached at the meeting will send an important
signal to all industry stakeholders about the vital role that everyone must play to deliver the continuous
improvement of shipping’s environmental performance now demanded by global society. The critical
importance of the safety of seafarers and ships which they operate were also part of the meeting’s
agenda. As explained, there are increasing concerns that new regulations governing ship designs aimed
at further reducing CO2 emissions could potentially have adverse effects on the safe operation of ships.
 
One example would be any legal requirements that led to a further reduction of engine power. The
concern is that ships could get into problems during bad weather if the engine is insufficiently powered,
putting both the crew and the environment at serious risk.
 
Moreover, recent cyber attacks have increased awareness of potential threats facing the industry. When it
comes to ship design and construction, it was generally agreed that the industry needs to adopt new
methods and standards to create more resilient digital systems on board. A more layered approach to a
ship’s digital system and greater segregation can increase safety, so that a single attack cannot readily
spread to IT (information technology) and other systems both on board the ship and ashore.
 
The Tripartite forum agreed that in advance of its next meeting in Korea in 2018, the industry partners
represented at Tripartite will work together to develop new design standards, which will help raise the
resilience of ships’ digital systems and make them more resistant to possible cyber-attacks.
53) 
 
 Available at: <http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/236231/ forum-industry-needs-to-design-ships-differently/>.
Retrieved on: Dec. 2, 2017. Adapted. 
 
According to the fragment “the industry needs to use all available technology to a much greater extent”,
the use of technology in modern ship design is
a) optional
b) irrelevant
c) controversial
d) not really essential
e) highly recommended 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613545
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Industry Needs to Design Ships Differently
 
The shipping industry needs to design ships differently and be more technologically innovative to reach
world climate goals and counter cybersecurity risks, it was agreed at the annual Tripartite Shipbuilding
Forum.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613545
At the meeting in Nantong, China, held on November 1-3, the forum reached several general conclusions
on ship design and technology. 
 
This year’s themes were decarbonization of ships, safe design and digitalization. These issues are
interlinked as they are all relevant to the creation of a more efficient seaborne transport system.
 
At the end of two days of debate, it was concluded that the industry urgently needs new ship designs,
equipment, propulsion systems and alternative fuels to achieve the CO2 reduction goals established by
the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the specific objectives to be established for international
shipping by the IMO (International Maritime Organization), a specialized agency of the United Nations, as
part of its GHG (greenhouse gas) reduction strategy.
 
It was agreed that the industry needs to use all available technology to a much greater extent, and
increase technological innovation to reduce CO2 emissions to the ambitious degree required by the
international community.
 
The Tripartite forum has therefore established inter-industry working groups with the aim of developing a
better understanding of current R&D (research and development) efforts for the new technologies
needed by the shipping sector to realize its vision for zero CO2 emissions this century.
 
The participants hope that the general understandings reached at the meeting will send an important
signal to all industry stakeholders about the vital role that everyone must play to deliver the continuous
improvement of shipping’s environmental performance now demanded by global society. The critical
importance of the safety of seafarers and ships which they operate were also part of the meeting’s
agenda. As explained, there are increasing concerns that new regulations governing ship designs aimed
at further reducing CO2 emissions could potentially have adverse effects on the safe operation of ships.
 
One example would be any legal requirements that led to a further reduction of engine power. The
concern is that ships could get into problems during bad weather if the engine is insufficiently powered,
putting both the crew andthe environment at serious risk.
 
Moreover, recent cyber attacks have increased awareness of potential threats facing the industry. When it
comes to ship design and construction, it was generally agreed that the industry needs to adopt new
methods and standards to create more resilient digital systems on board. A more layered approach to a
ship’s digital system and greater segregation can increase safety, so that a single attack cannot readily
spread to IT (information technology) and other systems both on board the ship and ashore.
 
The Tripartite forum agreed that in advance of its next meeting in Korea in 2018, the industry partners
represented at Tripartite will work together to develop new design standards, which will help raise the
resilience of ships’ digital systems and make them more resistant to possible cyber-attacks.
 
Available at: <http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/236231/ forum-industry-needs-to-design-ships-differently/>.
Retrieved on: Dec. 2, 2017. Adapted. 
 
In paragraph 6, the author introduces the
a) new technologies needed to improve ship design.
b) current R&D standards in the shipbuilding industry. 
c) reason for the creation of inter-industry working groups.
d) extraordinary efforts to reduce carbon emissions next year.
e) necessity to eliminate all working groups in the shipping sector. 
54) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613547
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Industry Needs to Design Ships Differently
 
The shipping industry needs to design ships differently and be more technologically innovative to reach
world climate goals and counter cybersecurity risks, it was agreed at the annual Tripartite Shipbuilding
Forum.
 
At the meeting in Nantong, China, held on November 1-3, the forum reached several general conclusions
on ship design and technology. 
 
This year’s themes were decarbonization of ships, safe design and digitalization. These issues are
interlinked as they are all relevant to the creation of a more efficient seaborne transport system.
 
At the end of two days of debate, it was concluded that the industry urgently needs new ship designs,
equipment, propulsion systems and alternative fuels to achieve the CO2 reduction goals established by
the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the specific objectives to be established for international
shipping by the IMO (International Maritime Organization), a specialized agency of the United Nations, as
part of its GHG (greenhouse gas) reduction strategy.
 
It was agreed that the industry needs to use all available technology to a much greater extent, and
increase technological innovation to reduce CO2 emissions to the ambitious degree required by the
international community.
 
The Tripartite forum has therefore established inter-industry working groups with the aim of developing a
better understanding of current R&D (research and development) efforts for the new technologies
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613547
needed by the shipping sector to realize its vision for zero CO2 emissions this century.
 
The participants hope that the general understandings reached at the meeting will send an important
signal to all industry stakeholders about the vital role that everyone must play to deliver the continuous
improvement of shipping’s environmental performance now demanded by global society. The critical
importance of the safety of seafarers and ships which they operate were also part of the meeting’s
agenda. As explained, there are increasing concerns that new regulations governing ship designs aimed
at further reducing CO2 emissions could potentially have adverse effects on the safe operation of ships.
 
One example would be any legal requirements that led to a further reduction of engine power. The
concern is that ships could get into problems during bad weather if the engine is insufficiently powered,
putting both the crew and the environment at serious risk.
 
Moreover, recent cyber attacks have increased awareness of potential threats facing the industry. When it
comes to ship design and construction, it was generally agreed that the industry needs to adopt new
methods and standards to create more resilient digital systems on board. A more layered approach to a
ship’s digital system and greater segregation can increase safety, so that a single attack cannot readily
spread to IT (information technology) and other systems both on board the ship and ashore.
 
The Tripartite forum agreed that in advance of its next meeting in Korea in 2018, the industry partners
represented at Tripartite will work together to develop new design standards, which will help raise the
resilience of ships’ digital systems and make them more resistant to possible cyber-attacks.
 
Available at: <http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/236231/ forum-industry-needs-to-design-ships-differently/>.
Retrieved on: Dec. 2, 2017. Adapted.
 
Based on the text, “the continuous improvement of shipping’s environmental performance” is a request
from the
55) 
a) seafarers
b) global society
c) industry stakeholders
d) Tripartite Forum participants
e) inter-industry working groups
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613564
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Industry Needs to Design Ships Differently
 
The shipping industry needs to design ships differently and be more technologically innovative to reach
world climate goals and counter cybersecurity risks, it was agreed at the annual Tripartite Shipbuilding
Forum.
 
At the meeting in Nantong, China, held on November 1-3, the forum reached several general conclusions
on ship design and technology. 
 
This year’s themes were decarbonization of ships, safe design and digitalization. These issues are
interlinked as they are all relevant to the creation of a more efficient seaborne transport system.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613564
At the end of two days of debate, it was concluded that the industry urgently needs new ship designs,
equipment, propulsion systems and alternative fuels to achieve the CO2 reduction goals established by
the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the specific objectives to be established for international
shipping by the IMO (International Maritime Organization), a specialized agency of the United Nations, as
part of its GHG (greenhouse gas) reduction strategy.
 
It was agreed that the industry needs to use all available technology to a much greater extent, and
increase technological innovation to reduce CO2 emissions to the ambitious degree required by the
international community.
 
The Tripartite forum has therefore established inter-industry working groups with the aim of developing a
better understanding of current R&D (research and development) efforts for the new technologies
needed by the shipping sector to realize its vision for zero CO2 emissions this century.
 
The participants hope that the general understandings reached at the meeting will send an important
signal to all industry stakeholders about the vital role that everyone must play to deliver the continuous
improvement of shipping’s environmental performance now demanded by global society. The critical
importance of the safety of seafarers and ships which they operate were also part of the meeting’s
agenda. As explained, there are increasing concerns that new regulations governing ship designs aimed
at further reducing CO2 emissions could potentially have adverse effects on the safe operation of ships.
 
One example would be any legal requirements that led to a further reduction of engine power. The
concern is that ships could get into problems during bad weather if the engine is insufficiently powered,
putting both the crew and the environment at serious risk.
 
Moreover, recent cyber attacks have increased awareness of potential threats facing the industry. When it
comesto ship design and construction, it was generally agreed that the industry needs to adopt new
56) 
methods and standards to create more resilient digital systems on board. A more layered approach to a
ship’s digital system and greater segregation can increase safety, so that a single attack cannot readily
spread to IT (information technology) and other systems both on board the ship and ashore.
 
The Tripartite forum agreed that in advance of its next meeting in Korea in 2018, the industry partners
represented at Tripartite will work together to develop new design standards, which will help raise the
resilience of ships’ digital systems and make them more resistant to possible cyber-attacks.
 
Available at: <http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/236231/ forum-industry-needs-to-design-ships-differently/>.
Retrieved on: Dec. 2, 2017. Adapted.
 
According to paragraphs 8 and 9, the new regulations on ship designs could
a) expose ship operation to risks.
b) improve ship energy efficiency.
c) maximize safety on board ships.
d) increase greenhouse gas emissions.
e) promote better working conditions for mariners.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613569
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Bombeador/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Industry Needs to Design Ships Differently
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/613569
 
The shipping industry needs to design ships differently and be more technologically innovative to reach
world climate goals and counter cybersecurity risks, it was agreed at the annual Tripartite Shipbuilding
Forum.
 At the meeting in Nantong, China, held on November 1-3, the forum reached several general
conclusions on ship design and technology. 
 This year’s themes were decarbonization of ships, safe design and digitalization. These issues are
interlinked as they are all relevant to the creation of a more efficient seaborne transport system.
 At the end of two days of debate, it was concluded that the industry urgently needs new ship designs,
equipment, propulsion systems and alternative fuels to achieve the CO2 reduction goals established by
the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the specific objectives to be established for international
shipping by the IMO (International Maritime Organization), a specialized agency of the United Nations, as
part of its GHG (greenhouse gas) reduction strategy.
 It was agreed that the industry needs to use all available technology to a much greater extent, and
increase technological innovation to reduce CO2 emissions to the ambitious degree required by the
international community.
 The Tripartite forum has therefore established inter-industry working groups with the aim of developing
a better understanding of current R&D (research and development) efforts for the new technologies
needed by the shipping sector to realize its vision for zero CO2 emissions this century.
 The participants hope that the general understandings reached at the meeting will send an important
signal to all industry stakeholders about the vital role that everyone must play to deliver the continuous
improvement of shipping’s environmental performance now demanded by global society. The critical
importance of the safety of seafarers and ships which they operate were also part of the meeting’s
agenda. As explained, there are increasing concerns that new regulations governing ship designs aimed
at further reducing CO2 emissions could potentially have adverse effects on the safe operation of ships.
 One example would be any legal requirements that led to a further reduction of engine power. The
concern is that ships could get into problems during bad weather if the engine is insufficiently powered,
putting both the crew and the environment at serious risk.
 Moreover, recent cyber attacks have increased awareness of potential threats facing the industry. When
it comes to ship design and construction, it was generally agreed that the industry needs to adopt new
methods and standards to create more resilient digital systems on board. A more layered approach to a
ship’s digital system and greater segregation can increase safety, so that a single attack cannot readily
spread to IT (information technology) and other systems both on board the ship and ashore.
 The Tripartite forum agreed that in advance of its next meeting in Korea in 2018, the industry partners
represented at Tripartite will work together to develop new design standards, which will help raise the
resilience of ships’ digital systems and make them more resistant to possible cyber-attacks.
 Available at: <http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/236231/ forum-industry-needs-to-design-ships-differently/>.
Retrieved on: Dec. 2, 2017. Adapted.
 
According to last paragraph, the ship industry partners represented at the Tripartite forum will cooperate
to
a) anticipate the next meeting in Korea. 
b) build ships more resilient to bad weather.
c) substitute all broken digital systems in ships.
d) improve ships’ protection against cyber-attacks. 
e) develop information technology systems ashore. 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/615413
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Mecãnico/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/615413
57) How to Take Care of Cargo on Container Ships at Sea?
 
On container ships, cargo is carried in standardized containers, which are placed one over the other and
secured using lashing.
 While at sea, the ship is subjected to heavy rolling and pitching, which can not only disturb the cargo
but also upset the stability of the ship. Parametric rolling – a unique phenomenon on container ships,
must be carefully dealt with in order to ensure safety of cargo containers at sea.
 Keeping a watch on the loaded cargo containers when the container ship is sailing is as equally
important as preparing a container ship for loading cargo. Also, officers must know all the important
equipment tools which are used to handle cargo on container ships.
 The following important points must be considered for taking care of cargo containers while at sea:
 
Check lashing
 Proper container lashing is one of the most important aspects of securing cargo safely on the ships.
Every officer in charge of cargo loading and unloading must know and understand the important points
for safe container lashing.
 Moreover, when the ship is sailing, lashing must be checked at least once a day and tightened
whenever necessary.
 If the ship is about to enter rough sea or in case of heavy weather, lashing should be frequently
checked and additional lashing must be provided wherever required.
 
Checking containers with dangerous goods
 Cargo containers carrying dangerous goods must be checked at regular intervals of time, especially in
bad weather. Dangerous goods containers must be frequently checked for leakages or damages while the
ship is sailing.
 
Checking reefer containers
 Reefer containers (refrigerated containers) must also be checked and monitored at least twice daily for
proper functioning. Frequent monitoring is required in case of special reefer cargo containers or
containers which are suspected to malfunctioning.
 
Avoid wet damage of cargo
 Adverse weather condition might result into damage of cargo because of leakages from water and oil
systems. Such kind of damage to container ships is known as wet damage. Water from rains might also
get accumulated inside the cargo hold and damage the cargo in lower tier containers in the cargo hold.
 Regular sounding of cargo hold bilges is of utmost importance for early detection of problems related
to water or oil ingress in cargo holds. Bilges, the bottom inside part of a ship where dirty water
collects, must be checked once a day in normal weather condition and at regular intervals of time in
rough weather. When the ship is at port, cargo hold bilges must be drained into holding tanks.Regular rounds of the cargo deck compartment must be made to check the condition of lashing and
cargo containers.
 Sometimes, it might so occur that in spite of taking all the necessary precautions, damage to cargo or
the ship’s hull would take place. In such cases, the master of the ship must take the necessary
precautions to minimize the damage. He should also report the same to the company and make
necessary entries in the ship’s log book.
 A master’s report on the damages sustained must also be made along with a sea protest which is to be
produced at the next port. 
Available at: <https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-safety/how-to-take-care-of-cargo-on-container-ships-at-
sea/>. Retrieved on: July 21, 2016. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of the text is to
a) discuss the duties of a ship master in case of cargo damage.
b) criticize the dangerous goods transported in cargo containers.
58) 
c) alert a ship’s crew to the importance of proper container lashing. 
d) give instructions on how to watch over cargo on sailing container ships.
e) reveal all the risks to cargo caused by leakages from water and oil systems. 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/615423
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Mecãnico/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
How to Take Care of Cargo on Container Ships at Sea?
 
On container ships, cargo is carried in standardized containers, which are placed one over the other and
secured using lashing.
 While at sea, the ship is subjected to heavy rolling and pitching, which can not only disturb the cargo
but also upset the stability of the ship. Parametric rolling – a unique phenomenon on container ships,
must be carefully dealt with in order to ensure safety of cargo containers at sea.
 Keeping a watch on the loaded cargo containers when the container ship is sailing is as
equally important as preparing a container ship for loading cargo. Also, officers must know
all the important equipment tools which are used to handle cargo on container ships.
 The following important points must be considered for taking care of cargo containers while at sea:
 
Check lashing
 Proper container lashing is one of the most important aspects of securing cargo safely on the ships.
Every officer in charge of cargo loading and unloading must know and understand the important points
for safe container lashing.
 Moreover, when the ship is sailing, lashing must be checked at least once a day and tightened
whenever necessary.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/615423
 If the ship is about to enter rough sea or in case of heavy weather, lashing should be frequently
checked and additional lashing must be provided wherever required.
 
Checking containers with dangerous goods
 Cargo containers carrying dangerous goods must be checked at regular intervals of time, especially in
bad weather. Dangerous goods containers must be frequently checked for leakages or damages while the
ship is sailing.
 
Checking reefer containers
 Reefer containers (refrigerated containers) must also be checked and monitored at least twice daily for
proper functioning. Frequent monitoring is required in case of special reefer cargo containers or
containers which are suspected to malfunctioning.
 
Avoid wet damage of cargo
 Adverse weather condition might result into damage of cargo because of leakages from water and oil
systems. Such kind of damage to container ships is known as wet damage. Water from rains might also
get accumulated inside the cargo hold and damage the cargo in lower tier containers in the cargo hold.
 Regular sounding of cargo hold bilges is of utmost importance for early detection of problems related
to water or oil ingress in cargo holds. Bilges, the bottom inside part of a ship where dirty water
collects, must be checked once a day in normal weather condition and at regular intervals of time in
rough weather. When the ship is at port, cargo hold bilges must be drained into holding tanks.
 Regular rounds of the cargo deck compartment must be made to check the condition of lashing and
cargo containers.
 Sometimes, it might so occur that in spite of taking all the necessary precautions, damage to cargo or
the ship’s hull would take place. In such cases, the master of the ship must take the necessary
precautions to minimize the damage. He should also report the same to the company and make
necessary entries in the ship’s log book.
59) 
 A master’s report on the damages sustained must also be made along with a sea protest which is to be
produced at the next port. 
Available at: <https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-safety/how-to-take-care-of-cargo-on-container-ships-at-
sea/>. Retrieved on: July 21, 2016. Adapted.
 
According to highlighted section, paying attention to the loaded cargo containers while at sea and
preparing a container ship for loading cargo are
a) optional measures
b) of equal relevance
c) not really necessary
d) important only in case of bad weather
e) fundamental for ship stability in calm waters
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/615446
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Mecãnico/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
How to Take Care of Cargo on Container Ships at Sea?
 
On container ships, cargo is carried in standardized containers, which are placed one over the other and
secured using lashing.
 While at sea, the ship is subjected to heavy rolling and pitching, which can not only disturb the cargo
but also upset the stability of the ship. Parametric rolling – a unique phenomenon on container ships,
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/615446
must be carefully dealt with in order to ensure safety of cargo containers at sea.
 Keeping a watch on the loaded cargo containers when the container ship is sailing is as equally
important as preparing a container ship for loading cargo. Also, officers must know all the important
equipment tools which are used to handle cargo on container ships.
 The following important points must be considered for taking care of cargo containers while at sea:
 
Check lashing
 Proper container lashing is one of the most important aspects of securing cargo safely on
the ships. Every officer in charge of cargo loading and unloading must know and understand
the important points for safe container lashing.
 Moreover, when the ship is sailing, lashing must be checked at least once a day and
tightened whenever necessary.
 If the ship is about to enter rough sea or in case of heavy weather, lashing should be
frequently checked and additional lashing must be provided wherever required.
 
Checking containers with dangerous goods
 Cargo containers carrying dangerous goods must be checked at regular intervals of time, especially in
bad weather. Dangerous goods containers must be frequently checked for leakages or damages while the
ship is sailing.
 
Checking reefer containers
 Reefer containers (refrigerated containers) must also be checked and monitored at least twice daily for
proper functioning. Frequent monitoring is required in case of special reefer cargo containers or
containers which are suspected to malfunctioning.
 
Avoid wet damage of cargo
 Adverse weather condition might result into damage of cargo because of leakages from water and oil
systems. Such kind of damage to container ships is known as wet damage. Water from rains might also
get accumulated inside the cargo hold and damage the cargo in lower tier containers in the cargo hold.
 Regular sounding of cargo hold bilges is of utmost importance for early detection of problems related
to water or oil ingress in cargo holds. Bilges, the bottom inside part of a ship where dirty water
collects, must be checked once a day in normal weather condition and at regular intervals of time in
rough weather. When the ship is at port, cargo hold bilges must be drained into holding tanks.
 Regular rounds of the cargo deck compartment must be madeto check the condition of lashing and
cargo containers.
 Sometimes, it might so occur that in spite of taking all the necessary precautions, damage to cargo or
the ship’s hull would take place. In such cases, the master of the ship must take the necessary
precautions to minimize the damage. He should also report the same to the company and make
necessary entries in the ship’s log book.
 A master’s report on the damages sustained must also be made along with a sea protest which is to be
produced at the next port. 
Available at: <https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-safety/how-to-take-care-of-cargo-on-container-ships-at-
sea/>. Retrieved on: July 21, 2016. Adapted.
 
According to highlighted section, lashing should be checked 
a) once a day in stormy seas.
b) only in fine weather conditions.
c) whenever required by the officers.
d) all the time when the ship is ashore.
e) regularly, if the ship faces adverse weather. 
60) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/615451
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Mecãnico/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
How to Take Care of Cargo on Container Ships at Sea?
 
On container ships, cargo is carried in standardized containers, which are placed one over the other and
secured using lashing.
 While at sea, the ship is subjected to heavy rolling and pitching, which can not only disturb the cargo
but also upset the stability of the ship. Parametric rolling – a unique phenomenon on container ships,
must be carefully dealt with in order to ensure safety of cargo containers at sea.
 Keeping a watch on the loaded cargo containers when the container ship is sailing is as equally
important as preparing a container ship for loading cargo. Also, officers must know all the important
equipment tools which are used to handle cargo on container ships.
 The following important points must be considered for taking care of cargo containers while at sea:
 
Check lashing
 Proper container lashing is one of the most important aspects of securing cargo safely on the ships.
Every officer in charge of cargo loading and unloading must know and understand the important points
for safe container lashing.
 Moreover, when the ship is sailing, lashing must be checked at least once a day and tightened
whenever necessary.
 If the ship is about to enter rough sea or in case of heavy weather, lashing should be frequently
checked and additional lashing must be provided wherever required.
 
Checking containers with dangerous goods
 Cargo containers carrying dangerous goods must be checked at regular intervals of time, especially in
bad weather. Dangerous goods containers must be frequently checked for leakages or damages while the
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/615451
ship is sailing.
 
Checking reefer containers
 Reefer containers (refrigerated containers) must also be checked and monitored at least twice daily for
proper functioning. Frequent monitoring is required in case of special reefer cargo containers or
containers which are suspected to malfunctioning.
 
Avoid wet damage of cargo
 Adverse weather condition might result into damage of cargo because of leakages from water and oil
systems. Such kind of damage to container ships is known as wet damage. Water from rains might also
get accumulated inside the cargo hold and damage the cargo in lower tier containers in the cargo hold.
 Regular sounding of cargo hold bilges is of utmost importance for early detection of problems related
to water or oil ingress in cargo holds. Bilges, the bottom inside part of a ship where dirty water
collects, must be checked once a day in normal weather condition and at regular intervals of time in
rough weather. When the ship is at port, cargo hold bilges must be drained into holding tanks.
 Regular rounds of the cargo deck compartment must be made to check the condition of lashing and
cargo containers.
 Sometimes, it might so occur that in spite of taking all the necessary precautions, damage to cargo or
the ship’s hull would take place. In such cases, the master of the ship must take the necessary
precautions to minimize the damage. He should also report the same to the company and make
necessary entries in the ship’s log book.
 A master’s report on the damages sustained must also be made along with a sea protest which is to be
produced at the next port. 
Available at: <https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-safety/how-to-take-care-of-cargo-on-container-ships-at-
sea/>. Retrieved on: July 21, 2016. Adapted.
 
According to the text, “wet damage” is caused by
a) leakages from water and oil systems
61) 
b) special reefer cargo containers
c) dangerous goods containers
d) damages to the ship’s hull
e) malfunctioning containers 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/615458
CESGRANRIO - Cond (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Mecãnico/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
How to Take Care of Cargo on Container Ships at Sea?
 
On container ships, cargo is carried in standardized containers, which are placed one over the other and
secured using lashing.
 While at sea, the ship is subjected to heavy rolling and pitching, which can not only disturb the cargo
but also upset the stability of the ship. Parametric rolling – a unique phenomenon on container ships,
must be carefully dealt with in order to ensure safety of cargo containers at sea.
 Keeping a watch on the loaded cargo containers when the container ship is sailing is as equally
important as preparing a container ship for loading cargo. Also, officers must know all the important
equipment tools which are used to handle cargo on container ships.
 The following important points must be considered for taking care of cargo containers while at sea:
 
Check lashing
 Proper container lashing is one of the most important aspects of securing cargo safely on the ships.
Every officer in charge of cargo loading and unloading must know and understand the important points
for safe container lashing.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/615458
 Moreover, when the ship is sailing, lashing must be checked at least once a day and tightened
whenever necessary.
 If the ship is about to enter rough sea or in case of heavy weather, lashing should be frequently
checked and additional lashing must be provided wherever required.
 
Checking containers with dangerous goods
 Cargo containers carrying dangerous goods must be checked at regular intervals of time, especially in
bad weather. Dangerous goods containers must be frequently checked for leakages or damages while the
ship is sailing.
 
Checking reefer containers
 Reefer containers (refrigerated containers) must also be checked and monitored at least twice daily for
proper functioning. Frequent monitoring is required in case of special reefer cargo containers or
containers which are suspected to malfunctioning.
 
Avoid wet damage of cargo
 Adverse weather condition might result into damage of cargo because of leakages from water and oil
systems. Such kind of damage to container ships is known as wet damage. Water from rains might also
get accumulated inside the cargo hold and damage the cargo in lower tier containers in the cargo hold.
 Regular sounding of cargo hold bilges is of utmost importance for early detection of problems related
to water or oil ingress in cargo holds. Bilges, the bottom inside part of a ship where dirty water
collects, must be checked once a day in normal weather condition and at regular intervals of time in
rough weather. When the ship is at port, cargo hold bilges must be drained into holding tanks.
 Regular rounds of the cargo deck compartment must be made to check the condition of lashing and
cargo containers.
 Sometimes, it might so occur that in spite of taking all the necessary precautions, damage to cargo or
the ship’s hull would take place. In such cases, the master of the ship must take the necessary
62) 
precautions to minimizethe damage. He should also report the same to the company and make
necessary entries in the ship’s log book.
 A master’s report on the damages sustained must also be made along with a sea protest which is to be
produced at the next port. 
Available at: <https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-safety/how-to-take-care-of-cargo-on-container-ships-at-
sea/>. Retrieved on: July 21, 2016. Adapted.
 
According to the text, all the following points must be considered for keeping a watch on cargo
containers while at sea, EXCEPT
a) providing extra lashing wherever necessary.
b) surveilling lashing in bad weather conditions.
c) inspecting dangerous goods containers regularly.
d) monitoring reefer containers at least three times a day.
e) checking the cargo compartment to monitor lashing and cargo containers
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/618967
CESGRANRIO - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
A world in transformation: World Energy Outlook 2017
 
The resurgence in oil and gas production from the United States, deep declines in the cost of renewables
and growing electrification are changing the face of the global energy system and upending traditional
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/618967
ways of meeting energy demand, according to the World Energy Outlook 2017. A cleaner and more
diversified energy mix in China is another major driver of this transformation.
 Over the next 25 years, the world’s growing energy needs are met first by renewables and natural gas,
as fast-declining costs turn solar power into the cheapest source of new electricity generation. Global
energy demand is 30% higher by 2040 — but still half as much as it would have been without efficiency
improvements. The boom years for coal are over — in the absence of large-scale carbon capture,
utilization and storage (CCUS) — and rising oil demand slows down but is not reversed before 2040 even
as electric-car sales rise steeply.
 WEO-2017, the International Energy Agency (IEA)’s flagship publication, finds that over the next two
decades the global energy system is being reshaped by four major forces: the United States is set to
become the undisputed global oil and gas leader; renewables are being deployed rapidly thanks to falling
costs; the share of electricity in the energy mix is growing; and China’s new economic strategy takes it
on a cleaner growth mode, with implications for global energy markets.
 Solar PV is set to lead capacity additions, pushed by deployment in China and India, meanwhile in the
European Union, wind becomes the leading source of electricity soon after 2030.
 “Solar is forging ahead in global power markets as it becomes the cheapest source of electricity
generation in many places, including China and India,” said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA’s executive director.
“Electric vehicles (EVs) are in the fast lane as a result of government support and declining battery costs
but it is far too early to write the obituary of oil, as growth for trucks, petrochemicals, shipping and
aviation keep pushing demand higher. The US becomes the undisputed leader for oil and gas production
for decades, which represents a major upheaval for international market dynamics.”
 These themes — as well as the future role of oil and gas in the energy mix, how clean-energy
technologies are deploying, and the need for more investment in CCUS — were among the key topics
discussed by the world’s energy leaders at the IEA’s 2017 Ministerial Meeting in Paris last week.
 This year, WEO-2017 includes a special focus on China, where economic and energy policy changes
underway will have a profound impact on the country’s energy mix, and continue to shape global trends.
A new phase in the country’s development results in an economy that is less reliant on heavy industry
and coal.
 At the same time, a strong emphasis on cleaner energy technologies, in large part to address poor air
quality, is catapulting China to a position as a world leader in wind, solar, nuclear and electric vehicles
and the source of more than a quarter of projected growth in natural gas consumption. As demand
growth in China slows, other countries continue to push overall global demand higher – with India
accounting for almost one-third of global growth to 2040.
 The shale oil and gas revolution in the United States continues thanks to the remarkable ability of
producers to unlock new resources in a cost-effective way. By the mid-2020s, the United States is
projected to become the world’s largest LNG exporter and a net oil exporter by the end of that decade.
 This is having a major impact on oil and gas markets, challenging incumbent suppliers and provoking a
major reorientation of global trade flows, with consumers in Asia accounting for more than 70% of global
oil and gas imports by 2040. LNG from the United States is also accelerating a major structural shift
towards a more flexible and globalized gas market.
 WEO-2017 finds it is too early to write the obituary of oil. Global oil demand continues to grow to
2040, although at a steadily decreasing pace – while fuel efficiency and rising electrification bring a peak
in oil used for passenger cars, even with a doubling of the car fleet to two billion. But other sectors –
namely petrochemicals, trucks, aviation, and shipping – drive up oil demand to 105 million barrels a day
by 2040. While carbon emissions have flattened in recent years, the report finds that global energy-
related CO2 emissions increase slightly by 2040, but at a slower pace than in last year’s projections. Still,
this is far from enough to avoid severe impacts of climate change.
Available at: <https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/ november/a-world-in-transformation-world-
energyoutlook-2017.html>. Retrieved on: 14 Nov. 2017. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of Text is to
a) predict the imminent decrease of global oil demands in the near future.
b) present an overview of world energy scenarios for the coming decades.
c) report on the increasing role of renewable energy sources and natural gas.
63) 
d) discuss how China’s economic and energy policy changes may shape global trends. 
e) anticipate how the US, China and India will transform the global energy system in the next
decade. 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/618969
CESGRANRIO - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
A world in transformation: World Energy Outlook 2017
 
The resurgence in oil and gas production from the United States, deep declines in the cost of renewables
and growing electrification are changing the face of the global energy system and upending traditional
ways of meeting energy demand, according to the World Energy Outlook 2017. A cleaner and more
diversified energy mix in China is another major driver of this transformation.
 Over the next 25 years, the world’s growing energy needs are met first by renewables and natural gas,
as fast-declining costs turn solar power into the cheapest source of new electricity generation. Global
energy demand is 30% higher by 2040 — but still half as much as it would have been without efficiency
improvements. The boom years for coal are over — in the absence of large-scale carbon capture,
utilization and storage (CCUS) — and rising oil demand slows down but is not reversed before 2040 even
as electric-car sales rise steeply.
 WEO-2017, the International Energy Agency (IEA)’s flagship publication, finds that over the next two
decades the global energy system is being reshaped by four major forces: the United States is set to
become the undisputed global oil and gas leader; renewables are being deployed rapidly thanks to falling
costs; the share of electricity in the energy mix is growing; and China’s new economic strategy takes it
on a cleaner growth mode, with implications for global energy markets.
 Solar PV is set to lead capacity additions,pushed by deployment in China and India, meanwhile in the
European Union, wind becomes the leading source of electricity soon after 2030.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/618969
 “Solar is forging ahead in global power markets as it becomes the cheapest source of electricity
generation in many places, including China and India,” said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA’s executive director.
“Electric vehicles (EVs) are in the fast lane as a result of government support and declining battery costs
but it is far too early to write the obituary of oil, as growth for trucks, petrochemicals, shipping and
aviation keep pushing demand higher. The US becomes the undisputed leader for oil and gas production
for decades, which represents a major upheaval for international market dynamics.”
 These themes — as well as the future role of oil and gas in the energy mix, how clean-energy
technologies are deploying, and the need for more investment in CCUS — were among the key topics
discussed by the world’s energy leaders at the IEA’s 2017 Ministerial Meeting in Paris last week.
 This year, WEO-2017 includes a special focus on China, where economic and energy policy changes
underway will have a profound impact on the country’s energy mix, and continue to shape global trends.
A new phase in the country’s development results in an economy that is less reliant on heavy industry
and coal.
 At the same time, a strong emphasis on cleaner energy technologies, in large part to address poor air
quality, is catapulting China to a position as a world leader in wind, solar, nuclear and electric vehicles
and the source of more than a quarter of projected growth in natural gas consumption. As demand
growth in China slows, other countries continue to push overall global demand higher – with India
accounting for almost one-third of global growth to 2040.
 The shale oil and gas revolution in the United States continues thanks to the remarkable ability of
producers to unlock new resources in a cost-effective way. By the mid-2020s, the United States is
projected to become the world’s largest LNG exporter and a net oil exporter by the end of that decade.
 This is having a major impact on oil and gas markets, challenging incumbent suppliers and provoking a
major reorientation of global trade flows, with consumers in Asia accounting for more than 70% of global
oil and gas imports by 2040. LNG from the United States is also accelerating a major structural shift
towards a more flexible and globalized gas market.
 WEO-2017 finds it is too early to write the obituary of oil. Global oil demand continues to grow to
2040, although at a steadily decreasing pace – while fuel efficiency and rising electrification bring a peak
in oil used for passenger cars, even with a doubling of the car fleet to two billion. But other sectors –
64) 
namely petrochemicals, trucks, aviation, and shipping – drive up oil demand to 105 million barrels a day
by 2040. While carbon emissions have flattened in recent years, the report finds that global energy-
related CO2 emissions increase slightly by 2040, but at a slower pace than in last year’s projections. Still,
this is far from enough to avoid severe impacts of climate change.
Available at: <https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/ november/a-world-in-transformation-world-
energyoutlook-2017.html>. Retrieved on: 14 Nov. 2017. Adapted.
 
According to Text, one of the themes discussed at the IEA’s 2017 Ministerial Meeting in Paris was the
a) insufficient investment in clean-energy technologies.
b) inadequate use of solar energy in global power markets.
c) necessary increase in investment in carbon capture, utilization and storage. 
d) questionable leadership of the US in the areas of oil and gas production.
e) limited use of EVs due to battery prices and lack of financial help from the government. 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/618971
CESGRANRIO - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
A world in transformation: World Energy Outlook 2017
 
The resurgence in oil and gas production from the United States, deep declines in the cost of renewables
and growing electrification are changing the face of the global energy system and upending traditional
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/618971
ways of meeting energy demand, according to the World Energy Outlook 2017. A cleaner and more
diversified energy mix in China is another major driver of this transformation.
 Over the next 25 years, the world’s growing energy needs are met first by renewables and natural gas,
as fast-declining costs turn solar power into the cheapest source of new electricity generation. Global
energy demand is 30% higher by 2040 — but still half as much as it would have been without efficiency
improvements. The boom years for coal are over — in the absence of large-scale carbon capture,
utilization and storage (CCUS) — and rising oil demand slows down but is not reversed before 2040 even
as electric-car sales rise steeply.
 WEO-2017, the International Energy Agency (IEA)’s flagship publication, finds that over the next two
decades the global energy system is being reshaped by four major forces: the United States is set to
become the undisputed global oil and gas leader; renewables are being deployed rapidly thanks to falling
costs; the share of electricity in the energy mix is growing; and China’s new economic strategy takes it
on a cleaner growth mode, with implications for global energy markets.
 Solar PV is set to lead capacity additions, pushed by deployment in China and India, meanwhile in the
European Union, wind becomes the leading source of electricity soon after 2030.
 “Solar is forging ahead in global power markets as it becomes the cheapest source of electricity
generation in many places, including China and India,” said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA’s executive director.
“Electric vehicles (EVs) are in the fast lane as a result of government support and declining battery costs
but it is far too early to write the obituary of oil, as growth for trucks, petrochemicals, shipping and
aviation keep pushing demand higher. The US becomes the undisputed leader for oil and gas production
for decades, which represents a major upheaval for international market dynamics.”
 These themes — as well as the future role of oil and gas in the energy mix, how clean-energy
technologies are deploying, and the need for more investment in CCUS — were among the key topics
discussed by the world’s energy leaders at the IEA’s 2017 Ministerial Meeting in Paris last week.
 This year, WEO-2017 includes a special focus on China, where economic and energy policy changes
underway will have a profound impact on the country’s energy mix, and continue to shape global trends.
A new phase in the country’s development results in an economy that is less reliant on heavy industry
and coal.
 At the same time, a strong emphasis on cleaner energy technologies, in large part to address poor air
quality, is catapulting China to a position as a world leader in wind, solar, nuclear and electric vehicles
and the source of more than a quarter of projected growth in natural gas consumption. As demand
growth in China slows, other countries continue to push overall global demand higher – with India
accounting for almost one-third of global growth to 2040.
 The shale oil and gas revolution in the United States continues thanks to the remarkable ability of
producers to unlock new resources in a cost-effective way. By the mid-2020s, the United States is
projected to become the world’s largest LNG exporter and a net oil exporter by the end of that decade.
 This is having a major impact on oil and gas markets, challenging incumbent suppliers and provoking a
major reorientation of global trade flows, with consumers in Asia accounting for more than 70% of global
oil and gas imports by 2040. LNG from the United States is also accelerating a major structural shifttowards a more flexible and globalized gas market.
 WEO-2017 finds it is too early to write the obituary of oil. Global oil demand continues to grow to
2040, although at a steadily decreasing pace – while fuel efficiency and rising electrification bring a peak
in oil used for passenger cars, even with a doubling of the car fleet to two billion. But other sectors –
namely petrochemicals, trucks, aviation, and shipping – drive up oil demand to 105 million barrels a day
by 2040. While carbon emissions have flattened in recent years, the report finds that global energy-
related CO2 emissions increase slightly by 2040, but at a slower pace than in last year’s projections. Still,
this is far from enough to avoid severe impacts of climate change.
Available at: <https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/ november/a-world-in-transformation-world-
energyoutlook-2017.html>. Retrieved on: 14 Nov. 2017. Adapted.
 
According to Text, WEO-2017 includes a special focus on China because this country has been
a) suffering from severe problems derived from poor air quality. 
b) blamed for substituting heavy industry and coal for cleaner energy.
c) responsible for the consumption of 20% of the world´s natural gas.
65) 
d) an undeniable world leader in the areas of wind, solar and nuclear energy.
e) facing changes in the economic and energy policy that will deeply influence its energy mix. 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/619271
CESGRANRIO - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
A world in transformation: World Energy Outlook 2017
 
The resurgence in oil and gas production from the United States, deep declines in the cost of renewables
and growing electrification are changing the face of the global energy system and upending traditional
ways of meeting energy demand, according to the World Energy Outlook 2017. A cleaner and more
diversified energy mix in China is another major driver of this transformation.
 Over the next 25 years, the world’s growing energy needs are met first by renewables and natural gas,
as fast-declining costs turn solar power into the cheapest source of new electricity generation. Global
energy demand is 30% higher by 2040 — but still half as much as it would have been without efficiency
improvements. The boom years for coal are over — in the absence of large-scale carbon capture,
utilization and storage (CCUS) — and rising oil demand slows down but is not reversed before 2040 even
as electric-car sales rise steeply.
 WEO-2017, the International Energy Agency (IEA)’s flagship publication, finds that over the next two
decades the global energy system is being reshaped by four major forces: the United States is set to
become the undisputed global oil and gas leader; renewables are being deployed rapidly thanks to falling
costs; the share of electricity in the energy mix is growing; and China’s new economic strategy takes it
on a cleaner growth mode, with implications for global energy markets.
 Solar PV is set to lead capacity additions, pushed by deployment in China and India, meanwhile in the
European Union, wind becomes the leading source of electricity soon after 2030.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/619271
 “Solar is forging ahead in global power markets as it becomes the cheapest source of electricity
generation in many places, including China and India,” said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA’s executive director.
“Electric vehicles (EVs) are in the fast lane as a result of government support and declining battery costs
but it is far too early to write the obituary of oil, as growth for trucks, petrochemicals, shipping and
aviation keep pushing demand higher. The US becomes the undisputed leader for oil and gas production
for decades, which represents a major upheaval for international market dynamics.”
 These themes — as well as the future role of oil and gas in the energy mix, how clean-energy
technologies are deploying, and the need for more investment in CCUS — were among the key topics
discussed by the world’s energy leaders at the IEA’s 2017 Ministerial Meeting in Paris last week.
 This year, WEO-2017 includes a special focus on China, where economic and energy policy changes
underway will have a profound impact on the country’s energy mix, and continue to shape global trends.
A new phase in the country’s development results in an economy that is less reliant on heavy industry
and coal.
 At the same time, a strong emphasis on cleaner energy technologies, in large part to address poor air
quality, is catapulting China to a position as a world leader in wind, solar, nuclear and electric vehicles
and the source of more than a quarter of projected growth in natural gas consumption. As demand
growth in China slows, other countries continue to push overall global demand higher – with India
accounting for almost one-third of global growth to 2040.
 The shale oil and gas revolution in the United States continues thanks to the remarkable ability of
producers to unlock new resources in a cost-effective way. By the mid-2020s, the United States is
projected to become the world’s largest LNG exporter and a net oil exporter by the end of that decade.
 This is having a major impact on oil and gas markets, challenging incumbent suppliers and provoking a
major reorientation of global trade flows, with consumers in Asia accounting for more than 70% of global
oil and gas imports by 2040. LNG from the United States is also accelerating a major structural shift
towards a more flexible and globalized gas market.
 WEO-2017 finds it is too early to write the obituary of oil. Global oil demand continues to grow to
2040, although at a steadily decreasing pace – while fuel efficiency and rising electrification bring a peak
in oil used for passenger cars, even with a doubling of the car fleet to two billion. But other sectors –
namely petrochemicals, trucks, aviation, and shipping – drive up oil demand to 105 million barrels a day
by 2040. While carbon emissions have flattened in recent years, the report finds that global energy-
related CO2 emissions increase slightly by 2040, but at a slower pace than in last year’s projections. Still,
this is far from enough to avoid severe impacts of climate change.
Available at: <https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/ november/a-world-in-transformation-world-
energyoutlook-2017.html>. Retrieved on: 14 Nov. 2017. Adapted.
 
All the boldfaced verb phrases express a future action, EXCEPT in
a) “The resurgence in oil and gas production from the United States, deep declines in the cost of
renewables and growing electrification are changing the face of the global energy system” 
b) “the world’s growing energy needs are met first by renewables and natural gas as fast-declining
costs turn solar power into the cheapest source of new electricity generation” 
c) “WEO-2017 (…) finds that over the next two decades the global energy system is being
reshaped by four major forces” 
d) “meanwhile in the European Union, wind becomes the leading source of electricity soon after
2030” 
e) “the United States is projected to become the world’s largest LNG exporter and a net oil
exporter by the end of that decade.” 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/619301
CESGRANRIO - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/619301
66) Brazil joins IEA as an Association country, reshaping international energy governance
 
 BRASILIA – The International Energy Agency and Brazil jointly announced today that the country joined
the IEA as an Association country, opening new avenues for cooperation towards a more secure and
sustainable energy future with Latin America’s largest country.
 “With today’s announcement of IEA Association, we are taking another important step to place Brazil at
the centre of global debate on key energy policy issues includingrenewable energy, energy efficiency,
rational use of fossil fuels, energy security and sustainable development,” said Fernando Coelho Filho,
Minister of Mines and Energy
 Brazil’s leading expertise in bioenergy, hydro and other forms of clean and conventional energy is
recognized around the world, and provides an excellent basis to develop solutions for global energy
challenges. The country’s experience in managing renewable resources in its energy mix can contribute
greatly to IEA discussions on a broadened concept of energy security. Brazil has also pioneered the use
of auctions for long-term contracts for renewable energy, a model that is now successfully applied as
best-practice world-wide.
 Brazil and the IEA plan to work jointly across a wide range of energy-related activities. These include
implemention of The Biofuture Platform, which aims to promote international coordination on advanced
low carbon fuels. The IEA will also support the development of Brazil’s ten-year energy efficiency plan
and co-host an energy efficiency training event in Brazil to share regional and global experiences. 
 “Brazil’s experience shows that policies do matter,” said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA’s Executive Director. “Its
determined and ambitious long-term energy policies, developing deep-water oil resources and expanding
biofuels output, set an example to countries around the world. As a result, our latest data shows that
Brazil will become a net oil exporter this year, the first major consumer in recent history to ever achieve
such a turnaround.”
 Dr Birol also congratulated Brazil for its recent successful deepwater bid round. After depending on oil
imports since IEA records began in the 1970s, the IEA now finds that Brazil will become a net exporter
this year, and exporting nearly one million barrels of oil per day to world markets by 2022. This is the
result of a 50% increase in oil production in the past decade thanks to a successful push into deep-water
production, and a biofuels programme that has helped keep domestic oil-demand growth under control.
 With Brazil, the IEA family now accounts for over 70% of the world’s total energy consumption,
compared with less than 40% just two years ago. The seven IEA Association countries are Brazil, China,
India, Indonesia, Morocco, Singapore and Thailand.
 The agreement will allow the IEA to benefit from Brazil’s unique experience, which has enabled it to
develop one of the cleanest energy mixes in the world. Thanks to its expertise in global energy market
and policy analysis, the IEA can support Brazil’s efforts and collaborate in its energy transition. 
Available at: <https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/ october/brazil-joins-iea-as-an-association-country-
reshaping-international-energy-govern.html>. Retrieved on: 31 Oct. 2017. Adapted.
The main intention of Text is to discuss the Brazilian 
a) joint effort with the IEA in order to implement The Biofuture Platform in the near future.
b) leading expertise in conventional energy and experience in managing renewable resources.
c) association with the IEA to replicate the use of auctions for renewable energies worldwide. 
d) strategic partnership with the IEA in the field of energy aiming at a safer and sustainable future. 
 
e) ten-year energy efficiency plan and the sharing of its regional and global experiences with Latin
American countries. 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/619304
CESGRANRIO - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/619304
67) Brazil joins IEA as an Association country, reshaping international energy governance
 
 BRASILIA – The International Energy Agency and Brazil jointly announced today that the country joined
the IEA as an Association country, opening new avenues for cooperation towards a more secure and
sustainable energy future with Latin America’s largest country.
 “With today’s announcement of IEA Association, we are taking another important step to place Brazil at
the centre of global debate on key energy policy issues including renewable energy, energy efficiency,
rational use of fossil fuels, energy security and sustainable development,” said Fernando Coelho Filho,
Minister of Mines and Energy
 Brazil’s leading expertise in bioenergy, hydro and other forms of clean and conventional energy is
recognized around the world, and provides an excellent basis to develop solutions for global energy
challenges. The country’s experience in managing renewable resources in its energy mix can contribute
greatly to IEA discussions on a broadened concept of energy security. Brazil has also pioneered the use
of auctions for long-term contracts for renewable energy, a model that is now successfully applied as
best-practice world-wide.
 Brazil and the IEA plan to work jointly across a wide range of energy-related activities. These include
implemention of The Biofuture Platform, which aims to promote international coordination on advanced
low carbon fuels. The IEA will also support the development of Brazil’s ten-year energy efficiency plan
and co-host an energy efficiency training event in Brazil to share regional and global experiences. 
 “Brazil’s experience shows that policies do matter,” said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA’s Executive Director. “Its
determined and ambitious long-term energy policies, developing deep-water oil resources and expanding
biofuels output, set an example to countries around the world. As a result, our latest data shows that
Brazil will become a net oil exporter this year, the first major consumer in recent history to ever achieve
such a turnaround.”
 Dr Birol also congratulated Brazil for its recent successful deepwater bid round. After depending on oil
imports since IEA records began in the 1970s, the IEA now finds that Brazil will become a net exporter
this year, and exporting nearly one million barrels of oil per day to world markets by 2022. This is the
result of a 50% increase in oil production in the past decade thanks to a successful push into deep-water
production, and a biofuels programme that has helped keep domestic oil-demand growth under control.
 With Brazil, the IEA family now accounts for over 70% of the world’s total energy consumption,
compared with less than 40% just two years ago. The seven IEA Association countries are Brazil, China,
India, Indonesia, Morocco, Singapore and Thailand.
 The agreement will allow the IEA to benefit from Brazil’s unique experience, which has enabled it to
develop one of the cleanest energy mixes in the world. Thanks to its expertise in global energy market
and policy analysis, the IEA can support Brazil’s efforts and collaborate in its energy transition. 
Available at: <https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/ october/brazil-joins-iea-as-an-association-country-
reshaping-international-energy-govern.html>. Retrieved on: 31 Oct. 2017. Adapted.
 
Dr. Fatih Birol affirms that “Brazil’s experience shows that policies do matter” because, due to its long-
term energy policies, the country
a) was about to change its position from a major oil consumer into that of a net oil exporter.
b) could dramatically increase oil exports to nearly one million barrels per day to world markets. 
c) was able to expand its deep-water oil resources and restrict biofuels output in the recent years. 
d) implemented a rewarding biofuels programme that helped reduce national oil-demand growth. 
e) succeeded in doubling its oil production in the last few years as the result of an outstanding
increase in deep-water production. 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/619315
CESGRANRIO - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/619315
68) Text I
 
A world in transformation: World Energy Outlook 2017
 
The resurgence in oil and gas production from the United States, deepdeclines in the cost of renewables
and growing electrification are changing the face of the global energy system and upending traditional
ways of meeting energy demand, according to the World Energy Outlook 2017. A cleaner and more
diversified energy mix in China is another major driver of this transformation.
 Over the next 25 years, the world’s growing energy needs are met first by renewables and natural gas,
as fast-declining costs turn solar power into the cheapest source of new electricity generation. Global
energy demand is 30% higher by 2040 — but still half as much as it would have been without efficiency
improvements. The boom years for coal are over — in the absence of large-scale carbon capture,
utilization and storage (CCUS) — and rising oil demand slows down but is not reversed before 2040 even
as electric-car sales rise steeply.
 WEO-2017, the International Energy Agency (IEA)’s flagship publication, finds that over the next two
decades the global energy system is being reshaped by four major forces: the United States is set to
become the undisputed global oil and gas leader; renewables are being deployed rapidly thanks to falling
costs; the share of electricity in the energy mix is growing; and China’s new economic strategy takes it
on a cleaner growth mode, with implications for global energy markets.
 Solar PV is set to lead capacity additions, pushed by deployment in China and India, meanwhile in the
European Union, wind becomes the leading source of electricity soon after 2030.
 “Solar is forging ahead in global power markets as it becomes the cheapest source of electricity
generation in many places, including China and India,” said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA’s executive director.
“Electric vehicles (EVs) are in the fast lane as a result of government support and declining battery costs
but it is far too early to write the obituary of oil, as growth for trucks, petrochemicals, shipping and
aviation keep pushing demand higher. The US becomes the undisputed leader for oil and gas production
for decades, which represents a major upheaval for international market dynamics.”
 These themes — as well as the future role of oil and gas in the energy mix, how clean-energy
technologies are deploying, and the need for more investment in CCUS — were among the key topics
discussed by the world’s energy leaders at the IEA’s 2017 Ministerial Meeting in Paris last week.
 This year, WEO-2017 includes a special focus on China, where economic and energy policy changes
underway will have a profound impact on the country’s energy mix, and continue to shape global trends.
A new phase in the country’s development results in an economy that is less reliant on heavy industry
and coal.
 At the same time, a strong emphasis on cleaner energy technologies, in large part to address poor air
quality, is catapulting China to a position as a world leader in wind, solar, nuclear and electric vehicles
and the source of more than a quarter of projected growth in natural gas consumption. As demand
growth in China slows, other countries continue to push overall global demand higher – with India
accounting for almost one-third of global growth to 2040.
 The shale oil and gas revolution in the United States continues thanks to the remarkable ability of
producers to unlock new resources in a cost-effective way. By the mid-2020s, the United States is
projected to become the world’s largest LNG exporter and a net oil exporter by the end of that decade.
 This is having a major impact on oil and gas markets, challenging incumbent suppliers and provoking a
major reorientation of global trade flows, with consumers in Asia accounting for more than 70% of global
oil and gas imports by 2040. LNG from the United States is also accelerating a major structural shift
towards a more flexible and globalized gas market.
 WEO-2017 finds it is too early to write the obituary of oil. Global oil demand continues to grow to
2040, although at a steadily decreasing pace – while fuel efficiency and rising electrification bring a peak
in oil used for passenger cars, even with a doubling of the car fleet to two billion. But other sectors –
namely petrochemicals, trucks, aviation, and shipping – drive up oil demand to 105 million barrels a day
by 2040. While carbon emissions have flattened in recent years, the report finds that global energy-
related CO2 emissions increase slightly by 2040, but at a slower pace than in last year’s projections. Still,
this is far from enough to avoid severe impacts of climate change.
Available at: <https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/ november/a-world-in-transformation-world-
energyoutlook-2017.html>. Retrieved on: 14 Nov. 2017. Adapted.
 
 
Text II
 
Brazil joins IEA as an Association country, reshaping international energy governance
 
 BRASILIA – The International Energy Agency and Brazil jointly announced today that the country joined
the IEA as an Association country, opening new avenues for cooperation towards a more secure and
sustainable energy future with Latin America’s largest country.
 “With today’s announcement of IEA Association, we are taking another important step to place Brazil at
the centre of global debate on key energy policy issues including renewable energy, energy efficiency,
rational use of fossil fuels, energy security and sustainable development,” said Fernando Coelho Filho,
Minister of Mines and Energy
 Brazil’s leading expertise in bioenergy, hydro and other forms of clean and conventional energy is
recognized around the world, and provides an excellent basis to develop solutions for global energy
challenges. The country’s experience in managing renewable resources in its energy mix can contribute
greatly to IEA discussions on a broadened concept of energy security. Brazil has also pioneered the use
of auctions for long-term contracts for renewable energy, a model that is now successfully applied as
best-practice world-wide.
 Brazil and the IEA plan to work jointly across a wide range of energy-related activities. These include
implemention of The Biofuture Platform, which aims to promote international coordination on advanced
low carbon fuels. The IEA will also support the development of Brazil’s ten-year energy efficiency plan
and co-host an energy efficiency training event in Brazil to share regional and global experiences. 
 “Brazil’s experience shows that policies do matter,” said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA’s Executive Director. “Its
determined and ambitious long-term energy policies, developing deep-water oil resources and expanding
biofuels output, set an example to countries around the world. As a result, our latest data shows that
Brazil will become a net oil exporter this year, the first major consumer in recent history to ever achieve
such a turnaround.”
 Dr Birol also congratulated Brazil for its recent successful deepwater bid round. After depending on oil
imports since IEA records began in the 1970s, the IEA now finds that Brazil will become a net exporter
this year, and exporting nearly one million barrels of oil per day to world markets by 2022. This is the
result of a 50% increase in oil production in the past decade thanks to a successful push into deep-water
production, and a biofuels programme that has helped keep domestic oil-demand growth under control.
 With Brazil, the IEA family now accounts for over 70% of the world’s total energy consumption,
compared with less than 40% just two years ago. The seven IEA Association countries are Brazil, China,
India, Indonesia, Morocco, Singapore and Thailand.
 The agreement will allow the IEA to benefit from Brazil’s unique experience, which has enabled it to
develop one of the cleanest energy mixes in the world. Thanks to its expertise in global energy market
and policy analysis, the IEA can support Brazil’s efforts and collaborate in its energy transition. 
Available at: <https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/ october/brazil-joins-iea-as-an-association-country-
reshaping-international-energy-govern.html>.Retrieved on: 31 Oct. 2017. Adapted.
 
Comparing Texts I and II, one concludes that 
a) only Text I mentions a country that is well-known for its clean energy mix.
b) only Text II discusses what the global energy system will look like in the near future.
c) neither Text I nor Text II expresses concern with the future of oil production and demand in the
next decades.
d) both Text I and Text II list all the IEA association countries and discuss how they can benefit from
this cooperation.
e) both Text I and Text II mention the importance of renewable resources and clean energy
technologies as a means of meeting energy demand. 
69) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/637639
CESGRANRIO - PTNS (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Administração/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
The key energy questions for 2018
The renewables industry has had a great year.
How fast can it grow now?
What are the issues that will shape the global energy market in 2018? What will be the energy mix, trade
patterns and price trends? Every country is different and local factors, including politics, are important.
But at the global level there are four key questions, and each of which answers is highly uncertain.
The first question is whether Saudi Arabia is stable. The kingdom’s oil exports now mostly go to Asia but
the volumes involved mean that any volatility will destabilise a market where speculation is rife.
The risk is that an open conflict, which Iran and Saudi have traditionally avoided despite all their
differences, would spread and hit oil production and trade. It is worth remembering that the Gulf states
account for a quarter of global production and over 40 per cent of all the oil traded globally. The threat to
stability is all the greater given that Iran is likely to win any such clash and to treat the result as a licence
to reassert its influence in the region.
The second question is how rapidly production of oil from shale rock will grow in the US — 2017 has seen
an increase of 600,000 barrels a day to over 6m. The increase in global prices over the past six months
has made output from almost all America’s producing areas commercially viable and drilling activity is
rising. A comparable increase in 2018 would offset most of the current OPEC production cuts and either
force another quota reduction or push prices down.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/637639
The third question concerns China. For the last three years the country has managed to deliver economic
growth with only minimal ncreases in energy consumption. Growth was probably lower than the claimed
numbers — the Chinese do not like to admit that they, too, are subject to economic cycles and recessions
— but even so the achievement is considerable. The question is whether the trend can be continued. If it
can, the result will limit global demand growth for oil, gas and coal.
China, which accounts for a quarter of the world’s daily energy use, is the swing consumer. If energy
efficiency gains continue, CO2 emissions will remain flat or even fall. The country’s economy is changing
and moving away from heavy industry fuelled largely by coal to a more service-based one, with a more
varied fuel mix. But the pace of that shift is uncertain and some recent data suggests that as economic
growth has picked up, so has consumption of oil and coal. Beijing has high ambitions for a much cleaner
energy economy, driven not least by the levels of air pollution in many of the major cities; 2018 will show
how much progress they are making.
The fourth question is, if anything, the most important. How fast can renewables grow? The last few
years have seen dramatic reductions in costs and strong increase in supply. The industry has had a great
year, with bids from offshore wind for capacity auctions in the UK and elsewhere at record low levels.
Wind is approaching grid parity — the moment when it can compete without subsidies. Solar is also
thriving: according to the International Energy Agency, costs have fallen by 70 per cent since 2010 not
least because of advances in China, which now accounts for 60 per cent of total solar cell manufacturing
capacity. The question is how rapidly all those gains can be translated into electric supply.
Renewables, including hydro, accounted for just 5 per cent of global daily energy supply according to the
IEA’s latest data. That is increasing — solar photovoltaic capacity grew by 50 per cent in 2016 — but to
make a real difference the industry needs a period of expansion comparable in scale to the growth of
personal computing and mobile phones in the 1990s and 2000s.
70) 
The problem is that the industry remains fragmented. Most renewable companies are small and local,
and in many cases undercapitalised; some are built to collect subsidies. A radical change will be
necessary to make the industry global and capable of competing on the scale necessary to displace coal
and natural gas. The coming year will show us whether it is ready for that challenge.
In many ways, the energy business is at a moment of change and transition. Every reader will have their
own view on each of the four questions. To me, the prospect is of supply continuing to outpace demand.
If that is right, the surge in oil prices over the past two months is a temporary and unsustainable
phenomenon. It would take another Middle East war to change the equation. Unfortunately, that is all too
possible.
Available at: <https://www.ft.com/content/c9bdc750- ec85-11e7-8713-513b1d7ca85a>. Retrieved on: Feb 18, 2018.
Adapted.
 
The main purpose of the text is to
a) explain the reasons for the sudden increase in the price of oil in 2018.
b) speculate on matters that may affect the global energy market in 2018.
c) provide precise answers to the most relevant questions on global energy.
d) forecast changes in trade and energy production in Asia and the Middle East.
e) measure the devastating impact of renewable industry on coal and natural gas.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/637640
CESGRANRIO - PTNS (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Administração/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
The key energy questions for 2018
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/637640
The renewables industry has had a great year.
How fast can it grow now?
What are the issues that will shape the global energy market in 2018? What will be the energy mix, trade
patterns and price trends? Every country is different and local factors, including politics, are important.
But at the global level there are four key questions, and each of which answers is highly uncertain.
The first question is whether Saudi Arabia is stable. The kingdom’s oil exports now mostly go to Asia but
the volumes involved mean that any volatility will destabilise a market where speculation is rife.
The risk is that an open conflict, which Iran and Saudi have traditionally avoided despite all their
differences, would spread and hit oil production and trade. It is worth remembering that the Gulf states
account for a quarter of global production and over 40 per cent of all the oil traded globally. The threat to
stability is all the greater given that Iran is likely to win any such clash and to treat the result as a licence
to reassert its influence in the region.
The second question is how rapidly production of oil from shale rock will grow in the US — 2017 has seen
an increase of 600,000 barrels a day to over 6m. The increase in global prices over the past six months
has made output from almost all America’s producing areas commercially viable and drilling activity is
rising. A comparable increase in 2018 would offset most of the current OPEC production cuts and either
force another quota reduction or push prices down.
The third question concerns China. For the last three years the country has managed to deliver economic
growth with only minimal increases in energy consumption. Growth was probably lower than the claimed
numbers — theChinese do not like to admit that they, too, are subject to economic cycles and recessions
— but even so the achievement is considerable. The question is whether the trend can be continued. If it
can, the result will limit global demand growth for oil, gas and coal.
China, which accounts for a quarter of the world’s daily energy use, is the swing consumer. If energy
efficiency gains continue, CO2 emissions will remain flat or even fall. The country’s economy is changing
and moving away from heavy industry fuelled largely by coal to a more service-based one, with a more
varied fuel mix. But the pace of that shift is uncertain and some recent data suggests that as economic
growth has picked up, so has consumption of oil and coal. Beijing has high ambitions for a much cleaner
energy economy, driven not least by the levels of air pollution in many of the major cities; 2018 will show
how much progress they are making.
The fourth question is, if anything, the most important. How fast can renewables grow? The last few
years have seen dramatic reductions in costs and strong increase in supply. The industry has had a great
year, with bids from offshore wind for capacity auctions in the UK and elsewhere at record low levels.
Wind is approaching grid parity — the moment when it can compete without subsidies. Solar is also
thriving: according to the International Energy Agency, costs have fallen by 70 per cent since 2010 not
least because of advances in China, which now accounts for 60 per cent of total solar cell manufacturing
capacity. The question is how rapidly all those gains can be translated into electric supply.
Renewables, including hydro, accounted for just 5 per cent of global daily energy supply according to the
IEA’s latest data. That is increasing — solar photovoltaic capacity grew by 50 per cent in 2016 — but to
make a real difference the industry needs a period of expansion comparable in scale to the growth of
personal computing and mobile phones in the 1990s and 2000s.
The problem is that the industry remains fragmented. Most renewable companies are small and local,
and in many cases undercapitalised; some are built to collect subsidies. A radical change will be
necessary to make the industry global and capable of competing on the scale necessary to displace coal
and natural gas. The coming year will show us whether it is ready for that challenge.
In many ways, the energy business is at a moment of change and transition. Every reader will have their
71) 
own view on each of the four questions. To me, the prospect is of supply continuing to outpace demand.
If that is right, the surge in oil prices over the past two months is a temporary and unsustainable
phenomenon. It would take another Middle East war to change the equation. Unfortunately, that is all too
possible.
Available at: <https://www.ft.com/content/c9bdc750- ec85-11e7-8713-513b1d7ca85a>. Retrieved on: Feb 18, 2018.
Adapted.
 
Saudi Arabia and Iran are mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 3 (lines 8-20) because they
a) are latent enemies about to engage in violent strife.
b) produce more than 40 per cent of the world’s crude oil.
c) should spread their influence over the other Gulf States.
d) can be considered the most stable countries in the Middle East.
e) might affect oil production and trade if they engage in an open conflict.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/637645
CESGRANRIO - PTNS (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Administração/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
The key energy questions for 2018
The renewables industry has had a great year.
How fast can it grow now?
What are the issues that will shape the global energy market in 2018? What will be the energy mix, trade
patterns and price trends? Every country is different and local factors, including politics, are important.
But at the global level there are four key questions, and each of which answers is highly uncertain.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/637645
The first question is whether Saudi Arabia is stable. The kingdom’s oil exports now mostly go to Asia but
the volumes involved mean that any volatility will destabilise a market where speculation is rife.
The risk is that an open conflict, which Iran and Saudi have traditionally avoided despite all their
differences, would spread and hit oil production and trade. It is worth remembering that the Gulf states
account for a quarter of global production and over 40 per cent of all the oil traded globally. The threat to
stability is all the greater given that Iran is likely to win any such clash and to treat the result as a licence
to reassert its influence in the region.
The second question is how rapidly production of oil from shale rock will grow in the US — 2017 has seen
an increase of 600,000 barrels a day to over 6m. The increase in global prices over the past six months
has made output from almost all America’s producing areas commercially viable and drilling activity is
rising. A comparable increase in 2018 would offset most of the current OPEC production cuts and either
force another quota reduction or push prices down.
The third question concerns China. For the last three years the country has managed to deliver economic
growth with only minimal increases in energy consumption. Growth was probably lower than the claimed
numbers — the Chinese do not like to admit that they, too, are subject to economic cycles and recessions
— but even so the achievement is considerable. The question is whether the trend can be continued. If it
can, the result will limit global demand growth for oil, gas and coal.
China, which accounts for a quarter of the world’s daily energy use, is the swing consumer. If energy
efficiency gains continue, CO2 emissions will remain flat or even fall. The country’s economy is changing
and moving away from heavy industry fuelled largely by coal to a more service-based one, with a more
varied fuel mix. But the pace of that shift is uncertain and some recent data suggests that as economic
growth has picked up, so has consumption of oil and coal. Beijing has high ambitions for a much cleaner
energy economy, driven not least by the levels of air pollution in many of the major cities; 2018 will show
how much progress they are making.
The fourth question is, if anything, the most important. How fast can renewables grow? The last few
years have seen dramatic reductions in costs and strong increase in supply. The industry has had a great
year, with bids from offshore wind for capacity auctions in the UK and elsewhere at record low levels.
Wind is approaching grid parity — the moment when it can compete without subsidies. Solar is also
thriving: according to the International Energy Agency, costs have fallen by 70 per cent since 2010 not
least because of advances in China, which now accounts for 60 per cent of total solar cell manufacturing
capacity. The question is how rapidly all those gains can be translated into electric supply.
Renewables, including hydro, accounted for just 5 per cent of global daily energy supply according to the
IEA’s latest data. That is increasing — solar photovoltaic capacity grew by 50 per cent in 2016 — but to
make a real difference the industry needs a period of expansion comparable in scale to the growth of
personal computing and mobile phones in the 1990s and 2000s.
The problem is that the industry remains fragmented. Most renewable companies are small and local,
and in many cases undercapitalised; some are built to collect subsidies. A radical change will be
necessary to make the industry global and capable of competing on the scale necessary to displace coal
and natural gas. The coming year will show us whether it is ready for that challenge.
In many ways, the energy business is at a moment of change and transition. Every reader will have their
own view on each of the four questions. To me, the prospect is of supply continuing to outpace demand.
If that is right, the surge in oil prices over the past two monthsis a temporary and unsustainable
phenomenon. It would take another Middle East war to change the equation. Unfortunately, that is all too
possible.
Available at: <https://www.ft.com/content/c9bdc750- ec85-11e7-8713-513b1d7ca85a>. Retrieved on: Feb 18, 2018.
72) 
Adapted.
 
The production of oil from shale rock in the US is mentioned in paragraph 4 (lines 21-29) because in
2018 it
a) can rapidly achieve the record level of 6 million barrels a day.
b) will certainly reach higher levels than those announced in 2017.
c) will make output from America’s producing areas commercially viable in 2018.
d) might compensate for present OPEC production cuts and cause a decrease in oil prices.
e) is going to have devastating effects on the drilling activity in the country in the near future.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/637651
CESGRANRIO - PTNS (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Administração/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
The key energy questions for 2018
The renewables industry has had a great year.
How fast can it grow now?
What are the issues that will shape the global energy market in 2018? What will be the energy mix, trade
patterns and price trends? Every country is different and local factors, including politics, are important.
But at the global level there are four key questions, and each of which answers is highly uncertain.
The first question is whether Saudi Arabia is stable. The kingdom’s oil exports now mostly go to Asia but
the volumes involved mean that any volatility will destabilise a market where speculation is rife.
The risk is that an open conflict, which Iran and Saudi have traditionally avoided despite all their
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/637651
differences, would spread and hit oil production and trade. It is worth remembering that the Gulf states
account for a quarter of global production and over 40 per cent of all the oil traded globally. The threat to
stability is all the greater given that Iran is likely to win any such clash and to treat the result as a licence
to reassert its influence in the region.
The second question is how rapidly production of oil from shale rock will grow in the US — 2017 has seen
an increase of 600,000 barrels a day to over 6m. The increase in global prices over the past six months
has made output from almost all America’s producing areas commercially viable and drilling activity is
rising. A comparable increase in 2018 would offset most of the current OPEC production cuts and either
force another quota reduction or push prices down.
The third question concerns China. For the last three years the country has managed to deliver economic
growth with only minimal increases in energy consumption. Growth was probably lower than the claimed
numbers — the Chinese do not like to admit that they, too, are subject to economic cycles and recessions
— but even so the achievement is considerable. The question is whether the trend can be continued. If it
can, the result will limit global demand growth for oil, gas and coal.
China, which accounts for a quarter of the world’s daily energy use, is the swing consumer. If energy
efficiency gains continue, CO2 emissions will remain flat or even fall. The country’s economy is changing
and moving away from heavy industry fuelled largely by coal to a more service-based one, with a more
varied fuel mix. But the pace of that shift is uncertain and some recent data suggests that as economic
growth has picked up, so has consumption of oil and coal. Beijing has high ambitions for a much cleaner
energy economy, driven not least by the levels of air pollution in many of the major cities; 2018 will show
how much progress they are making.
The fourth question is, if anything, the most important. How fast can renewables grow? The last few
years have seen dramatic reductions in costs and strong increase in supply. The industry has had a great
year, with bids from offshore wind for capacity auctions in the UK and elsewhere at record low levels.
Wind is approaching grid parity — the moment when it can compete without subsidies. Solar is also
thriving: according to the International Energy Agency, costs have fallen by 70 per cent since 2010 not
least because of advances in China, which now accounts for 60 per cent of total solar cell manufacturing
capacity. The question is how rapidly all those gains can be translated into electric supply.
Renewables, including hydro, accounted for just 5 per cent of global daily energy supply according to the
IEA’s latest data. That is increasing — solar photovoltaic capacity grew by 50 per cent in 2016 — but to
make a real difference the industry needs a period of expansion comparable in scale to the growth of
personal computing and mobile phones in the 1990s and 2000s.
The problem is that the industry remains fragmented. Most renewable companies are small and local,
and in many cases undercapitalised; some are built to collect subsidies. A radical change will be
necessary to make the industry global and capable of competing on the scale necessary to displace coal
and natural gas. The coming year will show us whether it is ready for that challenge.
In many ways, the energy business is at a moment of change and transition. Every reader will have their
own view on each of the four questions. To me, the prospect is of supply continuing to outpace demand.
If that is right, the surge in oil prices over the past two months is a temporary and unsustainable
phenomenon. It would take another Middle East war to change the equation. Unfortunately, that is all too
possible.
Available at: <https://www.ft.com/content/c9bdc750- ec85-11e7-8713-513b1d7ca85a>. Retrieved on: Feb 18, 2018.
Adapted.
 
In terms of numerical reference, one concludes that
a) “over 40 per cent" refers to the percentage of global oil produced by Iran and Saudi.
b) “70 per cent” refers to the percentage decrease in solar energy costs since 2010.
c) “60 per cent” refers to the total percentage of solar cells commercialized in China.
73) 
d) “5 per cent” refers to the percentage of global energy generated by hydroelectric plants.
e) “50 per cent” refers to the percentage decrease in solar photovoltaic capacity in 2016.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/637658
CESGRANRIO - PTNS (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Administração/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
The key energy questions for 2018
The renewables industry has had a great year.
How fast can it grow now?
What are the issues that will shape the global energy market in 2018? What will be the energy mix, trade
patterns and price trends? Every country is different and local factors, including politics, are important.
But at the global level there are four key questions, and each of which answers is highly uncertain.
The first question is whether Saudi Arabia is stable. The kingdom’s oil exports now mostly go to Asia but
the volumes involved mean that any volatility will destabilise a market where speculation is rife.
The risk is that an open conflict, which Iran and Saudi have traditionally avoided despite all their
differences, would spread and hit oil production and trade. It is worth remembering that the Gulf states
account for a quarter of global production and over 40 per cent of all the oil traded globally. The threat to
stability is all the greater given that Iran is likely to win any such clash and to treat the result as a licence
to reassert its influence in the region.
The second question is how rapidly production of oil from shale rock will grow in the US — 2017 has seen
an increase of 600,000 barrels a day to over 6m. The increase in global prices over the past six months
has made output from almost all America’s producing areas commercially viable and drilling activity is
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/637658
rising. A comparable increase in 2018 would offset most of the current OPEC production cuts and either
force another quota reduction or push pricesdown.
The third question concerns China. For the last three years the country has managed to deliver economic
growth with only minimal increases in energy consumption. Growth was probably lower than the claimed
numbers — the Chinese do not like to admit that they, too, are subject to economic cycles and recessions
— but even so the achievement is considerable. The question is whether the trend can be continued. If it
can, the result will limit global demand growth for oil, gas and coal.
China, which accounts for a quarter of the world’s daily energy use, is the swing consumer. If energy
efficiency gains continue, CO2 emissions will remain flat or even fall. The country’s economy is changing
and moving away from heavy industry fuelled largely by coal to a more service-based one, with a more
varied fuel mix. But the pace of that shift is uncertain and some recent data suggests that as economic
growth has picked up, so has consumption of oil and coal. Beijing has high ambitions for a much cleaner
energy economy, driven not least by the levels of air pollution in many of the major cities; 2018 will show
how much progress they are making.
The fourth question is, if anything, the most important. How fast can renewables grow? The last few
years have seen dramatic reductions in costs and strong increase in supply. The industry has had a great
year, with bids from offshore wind for capacity auctions in the UK and elsewhere at record low levels.
Wind is approaching grid parity — the moment when it can compete without subsidies. Solar is also
thriving: according to the International Energy Agency, costs have fallen by 70 per cent since 2010 not
least because of advances in China, which now accounts for 60 per cent of total solar cell manufacturing
capacity. The question is how rapidly all those gains can be translated into electric supply.
Renewables, including hydro, accounted for just 5 per cent of global daily energy supply according to the
IEA’s latest data. That is increasing — solar photovoltaic capacity grew by 50 per cent in 2016 — but to
make a real difference the industry needs a period of expansion comparable in scale to the growth of
personal computing and mobile phones in the 1990s and 2000s.
The problem is that the industry remains fragmented. Most renewable companies are small and local,
and in many cases undercapitalised; some are built to collect subsidies. A radical change will be
necessary to make the industry global and capable of competing on the scale necessary to displace coal
and natural gas. The coming year will show us whether it is ready for that challenge.
In many ways, the energy business is at a moment of change and transition. Every reader will have their
own view on each of the four questions. To me, the prospect is of supply continuing to outpace demand.
If that is right, the surge in oil prices over the past two months is a temporary and unsustainable
phenomenon. It would take another Middle East war to change the equation. Unfortunately, that is all too
possible.
Available at: <https://www.ft.com/content/c9bdc750- ec85-11e7-8713-513b1d7ca85a>. Retrieved on: Feb 18, 2018.
Adapted.
 
Concerning the renewable energy industry, the author affirms that it
a) has become highly competitive without subsidies or government support.
b) has been growing dramatically because of the threat posed by climate change.
c) needs to go through a profound change to become global and more competitive.
d) will provide most of the global electric supply through solar, wind and hydropower.
e) has been expanding faster than personal computing and mobile phones in the 1990s and 2000s
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/637660
CESGRANRIO - PTNS (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Administração/2018
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/637660
74) 
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
The key energy questions for 2018
The renewables industry has had a great year.
How fast can it grow now?
What are the issues that will shape the global energy market in 2018? What will be the energy mix, trade
patterns and price trends? Every country is different and local factors, including politics, are important.
But at the global level there are four key questions, and each of which answers is highly uncertain.
The first question is whether Saudi Arabia is stable. The kingdom’s oil exports now mostly go to Asia but
the volumes involved mean that any volatility will destabilise a market where speculation is rife.
The risk is that an open conflict, which Iran and Saudi have traditionally avoided despite all their
differences, would spread and hit oil production and trade. It is worth remembering that the Gulf states
account for a quarter of global production and over 40 per cent of all the oil traded globally. The threat to
stability is all the greater given that Iran is likely to win any such clash and to treat the result as a licence
to reassert its influence in the region.
The second question is how rapidly production of oil from shale rock will grow in the US — 2017 has seen
an increase of 600,000 barrels a day to over 6m. The increase in global prices over the past six months
has made output from almost all America’s producing areas commercially viable and drilling activity is
rising. A comparable increase in 2018 would offset most of the current OPEC production cuts and either
force another quota reduction or push prices down.
The third question concerns China. For the last three years the country has managed to deliver economic
growth with only minimal increases in energy consumption. Growth was probably lower than the claimed
numbers — the Chinese do not like to admit that they, too, are subject to economic cycles and recessions
— but even so the achievement is considerable. The question is whether the trend can be continued. If it
can, the result will limit global demand growth for oil, gas and coal.
China, which accounts for a quarter of the world’s daily energy use, is the swing consumer. If energy
efficiency gains continue, CO2 emissions will remain flat or even fall. The country’s economy is changing
and moving away from heavy industry fuelled largely by coal to a more service-based one, with a more
varied fuel mix. But the pace of that shift is uncertain and some recent data suggests that as economic
growth has picked up, so has consumption of oil and coal. Beijing has high ambitions for a much cleaner
energy economy, driven not least by the levels of air pollution in many of the major cities; 2018 will show
how much progress they are making.
The fourth question is, if anything, the most important. How fast can renewables grow? The last few
years have seen dramatic reductions in costs and strong increase in supply. The industry has had a great
year, with bids from offshore wind for capacity auctions in the UK and elsewhere at record low levels.
Wind is approaching grid parity — the moment when it can compete without subsidies. Solar is also
thriving: according to the International Energy Agency, costs have fallen by 70 per cent since 2010 not
least because of advances in China, which now accounts for 60 per cent of total solar cell manufacturing
capacity. The question is how rapidly all those gains can be translated into electric supply.
Renewables, including hydro, accounted for just 5 per cent of global daily energy supply according to the
IEA’s latest data. That is increasing — solar photovoltaic capacity grew by 50 per cent in 2016 — but to
make a real difference the industry needs a period of expansion comparable in scale to the growth of
personal computing and mobile phones in the 1990s and 2000s.
The problem is that the industry remains fragmented. Most renewable companies are small and local,
and in many cases undercapitalised; some are built to collect subsidies. A radical change will be
necessary to make the industry global and capable of competing on the scale necessary to displace coal
and natural gas. The coming year will show us whetherit is ready for that challenge.
75) 
In many ways, the energy business is at a moment of change and transition. Every reader will have their
own view on each of the four questions. To me, the prospect is of supply continuing to outpace demand.
If that is right, the surge in oil prices over the past two months is a temporary and unsustainable
phenomenon. It would take another Middle East war to change the equation. Unfortunately, that is all too
possible.
Available at: <https://www.ft.com/content/c9bdc750- ec85-11e7-8713-513b1d7ca85a>. Retrieved on: Feb 18, 2018.
Adapted.
 
According to the last paragraph, the author believes that the
a) future of the energy business is uncertain and difficult to anticipate.
b) recent increase in oil prices is definitely a long-lasting phenomenon.
c) four questions presented in the article will be answered sooner than we imagine.
d) energy business is definitely facing a moment of stability, growth and prosperity.
e) inevitable conflict in the Middle East will solve the imbalance between energy supply and demand.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/654435
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Bank Clerk Job Description
 
Definition and Nature of the Work
 
Banks simplify people’s lives, but the business of banking is anything but simple. Every transaction —
from cashing a check to taking out a loan — requires careful record keeping. Behind the scenes in every
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/654435
bank or savings and loan association there are dozens of bank clerks, each an expert at keeping one area
of he bank’s business running smoothly.
 
New account clerks open and close accounts and answer questions for customers. Interest clerks record
interest due to savings account customers, as well as the interest owed to the bank on loans and other
investments. Exchange clerks, who work on international accounts, translate foreign currency values into
dollars and vice versa. Loan clerks sort and record information about loans. Statement clerks are
responsible for preparing the monthly balance sheets of checking account customers. Securities clerks
record, file, and maintain stocks, bonds, and other investment certificates. They also keep track of
dividends and interest on these certificates.
 
Other clerks operate the business machines on which modern banks rely. Proof operators sort checks and
record the amount of each check. Bookkeeping clerks keep records of each customer’s account. In
addition to these specialists, banks need general clerical help — data entry keyers, file clerks, mail
handlers, and messengers — just as any other business does.
 
 
Education and Training Requirements
 
Bank clerks usually need a high school education with an emphasis on basic skills in typing, bookkeeping,
and business math. Knowledge of computers and business machines is also helpful. Prospective bank
workers may be tested on their clerical skills when they are interviewed. Most banks provide new
employees with on-the-job training.
 
Getting the Job
 
Sometimes bank recruiters visit high schools to look for future employees. High school placement offices
can tell students whether this is the practice at their school. If not, prospective bank workers can apply
directly to local banks through their personnel departments. Bank jobs may be listed with state and
private employment agencies. Candidates can also check Internet job sites and the classified ads in local
newspapers as well.
 
 
Advancement Possibilities and Employment Outlook
 
Banks prefer to promote their employees rather than hire new workers for jobs that require experience.
Clerks frequently become tellers or supervisors. Many banks encourage their employees to further their
education at night.
 
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of bank clerks was expected to decline
through the year 2014, because many banks are electronically automating their systems and eliminating
paperwork as well as many clerical tasks. Workers with knowledge of data processing and computers will
have the best opportunities. In addition to jobs created through expansion, openings at the clerical level
often occur as workers move up to positions of greater responsibility.
 
 
Working Conditions
 
Although banks usually provide a pleasant working atmosphere, clerks often work alone, at times
performing repetitive tasks. Bank clerks generally work between thirty-five and forty hours per week, but
they may be expected to take on evening and Saturday shifts depending on bank hours.
 
 
Earnings and Benefits
 
The salaries of bank clerks vary widely depending on the size and location of the bank and the clerk’s
experience. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, median salaries ranged from $23,317 to $27,310
per year in 2004 depending on experience and title. Generally, loan clerks are on the high end of this
range, whereas general office clerks are on the lower end.
 
Banks typically offer their employees excellent benefits. Besides paid vacations and more than the usual
number of paid holidays, employees may receive health and life insurance and participate in pension and
profit-sharing plans. Some banks provide financial aid so that workers can continue their education.
 
Available at: <http://careers.stateuniversity.com/pages/151/
Bank-Clerk.html>. Retrieved on: Aug. 22, 2017. Adapted.
 
 
The main purpose of the text is to
a) introduce the many categories of bank clerks one can find in a financial institution.
b) present an overview of the career of a bank clerk to an eventual future professional.
c) denounce the disadvantages associated with the clerk profession.
d) discuss all the benefits offered to employees who work in a bank.
e) ask for changes in the way bank recruiters select their future employees.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/654439
CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/Agente Comercial/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/654439
76) Bank Clerk Job Description
 
Definition and Nature of the Work
 
Banks simplify people’s lives, but the business of banking is anything but simple. Every transaction —
from cashing a check to taking out a loan — requires careful record keeping. Behind the scenes in every
bank or savings and loan association there are dozens of bank clerks, each an expert at keeping one area
of he bank’s business running smoothly.
 
New account clerks open and close accounts and answer questions for customers. Interest clerks record
interest due to savings account customers, as well as the interest owed to the bank on loans and other
investments. Exchange clerks, who work on international accounts, translate foreign currency values into
dollars and vice versa. Loan clerks sort and record information about loans. Statement clerks are
responsible for preparing the monthly balance sheets of checking account customers. Securities clerks
record, file, and maintain stocks, bonds, and other investment certificates. They also keep track of
dividends and interest on these certificates.
 
Other clerks operate the business machines on which modern banks rely. Proof operators sort checks and
record the amount of each check. Bookkeeping clerks keep records of each customer’s account. In
addition to these specialists, banks need general clerical help — data entry keyers, file clerks, mail
handlers, and messengers — just as any other business does.
 
 
Education and Training Requirements
 
Bank clerks usually need a high school education with an emphasis on basic skills in typing, bookkeeping,
and business math. Knowledge of computers and business machines is also helpful. Prospective bank
workers may be tested on their clerical skills when they are interviewed. Most banks provide new
employees with on-the-job training.
 
Getting the Job
 
Sometimes bank recruiters visit high schools to look for future employees. Highschool placement offices
can tell students whether this is the practice at their school. If not, prospective bank workers can apply
directly to local banks through their personnel departments. Bank jobs may be listed with state and
private employment agencies. Candidates can also check Internet job sites and the classified ads in local
newspapers as well.
 
 
Advancement Possibilities and Employment Outlook
 
Banks prefer to promote their employees rather than hire new workers for jobs that require experience.
Clerks frequently become tellers or supervisors. Many banks encourage their employees to further their
education at night.
 
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of bank clerks was expected to decline
through the year 2014, because many banks are electronically automating their systems and eliminating
paperwork as well as many clerical tasks. Workers with knowledge of data processing and computers will
have the best opportunities. In addition to jobs created through expansion, openings at the clerical level
often occur as workers move up to positions of greater responsibility.
 
 
Working Conditions
 
Although banks usually provide a pleasant working atmosphere, clerks often work alone, at times
performing repetitive tasks. Bank clerks generally work between thirty-five and forty hours per week, but
they may be expected to take on evening and Saturday shifts depending on bank hours.
 
 
Earnings and Benefits
 
The salaries of bank clerks vary widely depending on the size and location of the bank and the clerk’s
experience. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, median salaries ranged from $23,317 to $27,310
per year in 2004 depending on experience and title. Generally, loan clerks are on the high end of this
range, whereas general office clerks are on the lower end.
 
Banks typically offer their employees excellent benefits. Besides paid vacations and more than the usual
number of paid holidays, employees may receive health and life insurance and participate in pension and
profit-sharing plans. Some banks provide financial aid so that workers can continue their education.
 
Available at: <http://careers.stateuniversity.com/pages/151/
Bank-Clerk.html>. Retrieved on: Aug. 22, 2017. Adapted.
 
 
The fragment “Banks simplify people’s lives, but the business of banking is anything but simple” means
that banking is a(n)
a) ordinary occupation
b) elementary job
c) complex activity
77) 
d) trivial profession
e) easy business
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/694022
CESGRANRIO - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Enfermagem do Trabalho/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Clean energy: Experts outline how governments
can successfully invest before it’s too late
Governments need to give technical experts more autonomy and hold their nerve to provide more long-
term stability when investing in clean energy, argue researchers in climate change and innovation policy
in a new paper published today.
Writing in the journal Nature, the authors from UK and US institutions have set out guidelines for
investment based on an analysis of the last twenty years of “what works” in clean energy research and
innovation programs.
Their six simple “guiding principles” also include the need to channel innovation into the private sector
through formal tech transfer programs, and to think in terms of lasting knowledge creation rather than
‘quick win’ potential when funding new projects.
The authors offer a stark warning to governments and policymakers: learn from and build on experience
before time runs out, rather than constantly reinventing aims and processes for the sake of political
vanity.
“As the window of opportunity to avert dangerous climate change narrows, we urgently need to take
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/694022
stock of policy initiatives around the world that aim to accelerate new energy technologies and stem
greenhouse gas emissions,” said Laura Diaz Anadon, Professor of Climate Change Policy at the University
of Cambridge.
“If we don’t build on the lessons from previous policy successes and failures to understand what works
and why, we risk wasting time and money in a way that we simply can’t afford,” said Anadon, who
authored the new paper with colleagues from the Harvard Kennedy School as well as the University of
Minnesota’s Prof Gabriel Chan.
Public investments in energy research have risen since the lows of the mid-1990s and early 2000s. OECD
members spent US$16.6 billion on new energy research and development (R&D) in 2016 compared to
$10b in 2010. The EU and other nations pledged to double clean energy investment as part of 2015’s
Paris Climate Change Agreement.
Recently, the UK government set out its own Clean Growth Strategy, committing £2.5 billion between
2015 and 2021, with hundreds of million to be invested in new generations of small nuclear power
stations and offshore wind turbines.
However, Anadon and colleagues point out that government funding for energy innovation has, in many
cases, been highly volatile in the recent past: with political shifts resulting in huge budget fluctuations
and process reinventions in the UK and US.
For example, the research team found that every single year between 1990 and 2017, one in five
technology areas funded by the US Department of Energy (DoE) saw a budget shift of more than 30%
up or down. The Trump administration’s current plan is to slash 2018’s energy R&D budget by 35%
across the board.
“Experimentation has benefits, but also costs,” said Anadon. “Researchers are having to relearn new
processes, people and programmes with every political transition -- wasting time and effort for scientists,
companies and policymakers.”
“Rather than repeated overhauls, existing programs should be continuously evaluated and updated. New
programs should only be set up if they fill needs not currently met.”
More autonomy for project selection should be passed to active scientists, who are “best placed to spot
bold but risky opportunities that managers miss,” say the authors of the new paper.
They point to projects instigated by the US National Labs producing more commercially-viable
technologies than those dictated by DoE headquarters — despite the Labs holding a mere 4% of the
DoE’s overall budget.
The six evidence-based guiding principles for clean energy investment are:
 
Give researchers and technical experts more autonomy and influence over funding decisions.
Build technology transfer into research organisations.
Focus demonstration projects on learning.
Incentivise international collaboration.
Adopt an adaptive learning strategy.
Keep funding stable and predictable.
From US researchers using the pace of Chinese construction markets to test energy reduction
technologies, to the UK government harnessing behavioural psychology to promote energy efficiency, the
authors highlight examples of government investment that helped create or improve clean energy
initiatives across the world.
78) 
“Let’s learn from experience on how to accelerate the transition to a cleaner, safer and more affordable
energy system,” they write.
Available at: <http://www.sciencedaily. com releases/2017/12/171206132223.htm>. Retrieved on: 28 Dec 2017.
Adapted.
 
According to Text, in order to successfully invest in clean energy, governments need to
a) give technical experts more autonomy to publish papers on climate change and clean energy.
b) learn from past experiences before our chances to prevent dangerous climate change are over.
c) value the ‘quick-win potential’ of innovation programs promoted by the private sector.
d) expand investments in energy research and continue launching new renewable-energy programs in
the next decades.
e) encourage the generation of small nuclear power stations and offshore wind turbines before it is
too late
to forecast climate change.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/694024
CESGRANRIO - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Enfermagem do Trabalho/2018Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Clean energy: Experts outline how governments
can successfully invest before it’s too late
Governments need to give technical experts more autonomy and hold their nerve to provide more long-
term stability when investing in clean energy, argue researchers in climate change and innovation policy
in a new paper published today.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/694024
Writing in the journal Nature, the authors from UK and US institutions have set out guidelines for
investment based on an analysis of the last twenty years of “what works” in clean energy research and
innovation programs.
Their six simple “guiding principles” also include the need to channel innovation into the private sector
through formal tech transfer programs, and to think in terms of lasting knowledge creation rather than
‘quick win’ potential when funding new projects.
The authors offer a stark warning to governments and policymakers: learn from and build on experience
before time runs out, rather than constantly reinventing aims and processes for the sake of political
vanity.
“As the window of opportunity to avert dangerous climate change narrows, we urgently need to take
stock of policy initiatives around the world that aim to accelerate new energy technologies and stem
greenhouse gas emissions,” said Laura Diaz Anadon, Professor of Climate Change Policy at the University
of Cambridge.
“If we don’t build on the lessons from previous policy successes and failures to understand what works
and why, we risk wasting time and money in a way that we simply can’t afford,” said Anadon, who
authored the new paper with colleagues from the Harvard Kennedy School as well as the University of
Minnesota’s Prof Gabriel Chan.
Public investments in energy research have risen since the lows of the mid-1990s and early 2000s. OECD
members spent US$16.6 billion on new energy research and development (R&D) in 2016 compared to
$10b in 2010. The EU and other nations pledged to double clean energy investment as part of 2015’s
Paris Climate Change Agreement.
Recently, the UK government set out its own Clean Growth Strategy, committing £2.5 billion between
2015 and 2021, with hundreds of million to be invested in new generations of small nuclear power
stations and offshore wind turbines.
However, Anadon and colleagues point out that government funding for energy innovation has, in many
cases, been highly volatile in the recent past: with political shifts resulting in huge budget fluctuations
and process reinventions in the UK and US.
For example, the research team found that every single year between 1990 and 2017, one in five
technology areas funded by the US Department of Energy (DoE) saw a budget shift of more than 30%
up or down. The Trump administration’s current plan is to slash 2018’s energy R&D budget by 35%
across the board.
“Experimentation has benefits, but also costs,” said Anadon. “Researchers are having to relearn new
processes, people and programmes with every political transition -- wasting time and effort for scientists,
companies and policymakers.”
“Rather than repeated overhauls, existing programs should be continuously evaluated and updated. New
programs should only be set up if they fill needs not currently met.”
More autonomy for project selection should be passed to active scientists, who are “best placed to spot
bold but risky opportunities that managers miss,” say the authors of the new paper.
They point to projects instigated by the US National Labs producing more commercially-viable
technologies than those dictated by DoE headquarters — despite the Labs holding a mere 4% of the
DoE’s overall budget.
The six evidence-based guiding principles for clean energy investment are:
 
Give researchers and technical experts more autonomy and influence over funding decisions.
Build technology transfer into research organisations.
Focus demonstration projects on learning.
Incentivise international collaboration.
Adopt an adaptive learning strategy.
Keep funding stable and predictable.
From US researchers using the pace of Chinese construction markets to test energy reduction
technologies, to the UK government harnessing behavioural psychology to promote energy efficiency, the
authors highlight examples of government investment that helped create or improve clean energy
initiatives across the world.
“Let’s learn from experience on how to accelerate the transition to a cleaner, safer and more affordable
energy system,” they write.
Available at: <http://www.sciencedaily. com releases/2017/12/171206132223.htm>. Retrieved on: 28 Dec 2017.
Adapted.
 
Considering some of the figures in, one can affirm that
a) “US$16.6 billion” refers to the amount of money saved by OECD members on new energy R&D two
years ago.
b) “$10b” refers to the amount of money invested by OECD members on new energy R&D in 2010.
79) 
c) “£2.5 billion” refers to the figure invested by the UK government in nuclear power stations and
offshore wind turbines in the previous decade.
d) “more than 30% up or down” refers to the budget fluctuations in all technology areas funded by
the US Department of Energy from 1990 to 2017.
e) “by 35%” refers to the Trump administration’s estimated increase in the 2018’s energy R&D
budget.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/694026
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Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Clean energy: Experts outline how governments
can successfully invest before it’s too late
Governments need to give technical experts more autonomy and hold their nerve to provide more long-
term stability when investing in clean energy, argue researchers in climate change and innovation policy
in a new paper published today.
Writing in the journal Nature, the authors from UK and US institutions have set out guidelines for
investment based on an analysis of the last twenty years of “what works” in clean energy research and
innovation programs.
Their six simple “guiding principles” also include the need to channel innovation into the private sector
through formal tech transfer programs, and to think in terms of lasting knowledge creation rather than
‘quick win’ potential when funding new projects.
The authors offer a stark warning to governments and policymakers: learn from and build on experience
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/694026
before time runs out, rather than constantly reinventing aims and processes for the sake of political
vanity.
“As the window of opportunity to avert dangerous climate change narrows, we urgently need to take
stock of policy initiatives around the world that aim to accelerate new energy technologies and stem
greenhouse gas emissions,” said Laura Diaz Anadon, Professor of Climate Change Policy at the University
of Cambridge.
“If we don’t build on the lessons from previous policy successes and failures to understand what works
and why, we risk wasting time and money in a way that we simply can’t afford,” said Anadon, who
authored the new paper with colleagues from the Harvard Kennedy School as well as the University of
Minnesota’s Prof Gabriel Chan.
Public investments in energy research have risen since the lows of the mid-1990s and early 2000s. OECD
members spent US$16.6 billion on new energy research and development (R&D) in 2016 compared to
$10b in 2010. The EU and other nations pledged to double clean energy investment as part of 2015’s
Paris Climate Change Agreement.
Recently, the UK government set out its own Clean Growth Strategy, committing £2.5 billion between
2015 and 2021, with hundreds of million to be invested in new generations of small nuclear power
stations and offshore wind turbines.
However, Anadon and colleagues point out that government funding for energy innovation has, in many
cases, been highly volatile in the recent past: with political shifts resulting in huge budget fluctuations
and process reinventions in theUK and US.
For example, the research team found that every single year between 1990 and 2017, one in five
technology areas funded by the US Department of Energy (DoE) saw a budget shift of more than 30%
up or down. The Trump administration’s current plan is to slash 2018’s energy R&D budget by 35%
across the board.
“Experimentation has benefits, but also costs,” said Anadon. “Researchers are having to relearn new
processes, people and programmes with every political transition -- wasting time and effort for scientists,
companies and policymakers.”
“Rather than repeated overhauls, existing programs should be continuously evaluated and updated. New
programs should only be set up if they fill needs not currently met.”
More autonomy for project selection should be passed to active scientists, who are “best placed to spot
bold but risky opportunities that managers miss,” say the authors of the new paper.
They point to projects instigated by the US National Labs producing more commercially-viable
technologies than those dictated by DoE headquarters — despite the Labs holding a mere 4% of the
DoE’s overall budget.
The six evidence-based guiding principles for clean energy investment are:
 
Give researchers and technical experts more autonomy and influence over funding decisions.
Build technology transfer into research organisations.
Focus demonstration projects on learning.
Incentivise international collaboration.
Adopt an adaptive learning strategy.
Keep funding stable and predictable.
From US researchers using the pace of Chinese construction markets to test energy reduction
80) 
technologies, to the UK government harnessing behavioural psychology to promote energy efficiency, the
authors highlight examples of government investment that helped create or improve clean energy
initiatives across the world.
“Let’s learn from experience on how to accelerate the transition to a cleaner, safer and more affordable
energy system,” they write.
Available at: <http://www.sciencedaily. com releases/2017/12/171206132223.htm>. Retrieved on: 28 Dec 2017.
Adapted.
 
According to, one of the guiding principles for clean energy investment is
a) set clear limits for international cooperation.
b) stimulate short-term funding policies for innovation programs.
c) encourage tech transfer programs among governmental agencies.
d) value the quick-impact of research programs when sponsoring new projects.
e) grant researchers and technical experts greater influence over financial matters.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/694033
CESGRANRIO - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Enfermagem do Trabalho/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Why You Should Invest In Green Energy Right Now
 
It’s no secret that the global energy demand continues to rise. Driven by emerging economies and non-
OECD nations, total worldwide energy usage is expected to grow by nearly 40% over the next 20 years.
That’ll require a staggering amount of coal, oil and gas.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/694033
But it’s not just fossil fuels that will get the nod. The demand for renewable energy sources is exploding,
and according to new study, we haven’t seen anything yet in terms of spending on solar, wind and other
green energy projects. For investors, that spending could lead to some serious portfolio green as well.
Rising Market Share
The future is certainly looking pretty “green” for renewable energy bulls. A new study shows that the
sector will receive nearly $5.1 trillion worth of investment in new power plants by 2030. According to a
new report by Bloomberg New Energy Finance, by 2030, renewable energy sources will account for over
60% of the 5,579 gigawatts of new generation capacity and 65% of the $7.7 trillion in power investment.
Overall, fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, will see their total share of power generation fall to
46%. That’s a lot, but down from roughly from 64% today.
Large-scale hydropower facilities will command the lion’s share of new capacity among green energy
sources. However, the expansion by solar and wind energy will be mighty swift as well.
The Bloomberg report shows that solar and wind will increase their combined share of global generation
capacity to 16% from 3% by 2030. The key driver will be utility-scale solar power plants, as well as the
vast adoption of rooftop solar arrays in emerging markets lacking modern grid infrastructure. In places
like Latin America and India, the lack of infrastructure will actually make rooftop solar a cheaper option
for electricity generation. Analysts estimate that Latin America will add nearly 102 GW worth of rooftop
solar arrays during the study’s time period.
Bloomberg New Energy predicts that economics will have more to do with the additional generation
capacity than subsidies. The same can be said for many Asian nations. Increased solar adoption will
benefit from higher costs related to rising liquid natural gas (LNG) imports in the region starting in 2024.
Likewise, on- and offshore wind power facilities will see rising capacity as well.
81) 
 
In the developed world, Bloomberg New Energy Finance predicts that CO2 and emission reductions will
also help play a major role in adding additional renewable energy to the grid. While the U.S. will still
focus much of its attention towards shale gas, developed Europe will spend roughly $67 billion on new
green energy capacity by 2030.
Available at: <https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/070814/ why-you-should-invest-green-energy-right-
now.asp>. Retrieved on: 12 Feb 2018. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of Text is to
a) criticize the excessive dependence of the U.S. and Europe on fossil fuels.
b) announce an increase in the use of solar energy in Latin America and India.
c) expose the higher costs related to rising LNG imports in several Asian nations.
d) provide estimates concerning the increasing demand for renewable energy sources.
e) warn investors about the risks associated with solar, wind and green energy projects.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/694035
CESGRANRIO - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Enfermagem do Trabalho/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Why You Should Invest In Green Energy Right Now
 
It’s no secret that the global energy demand continues to rise. Driven by emerging economies and non-
OECD nations, total worldwide energy usage is expected to grow by nearly 40% over the next 20 years.
That’ll require a staggering amount of coal, oil and gas.
But it’s not just fossil fuels that will get the nod. The demand for renewable energy sources is exploding,
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/694035
and according to new study, we haven’t seen anything yet in terms of spending on solar, wind and other
green energy projects. For investors, that spending could lead to some serious portfolio green as well.
Rising Market Share
The future is certainly looking pretty “green” for renewable energy bulls. A new study shows that the
sector will receive nearly $5.1 trillion worth of investment in new power plants by 2030. According to a
new report by Bloomberg New Energy Finance, by 2030, renewable energy sources will account for over
60% of the 5,579 gigawatts of new generation capacity and 65% of the $7.7 trillion in power investment.
Overall, fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, will see their total share of power generation fall to
46%. That’s a lot, but down from roughly from 64% today.
Large-scale hydropower facilities will command the lion’s share of new capacity among green energy
sources. However, the expansion by solar and wind energy will be mighty swift as well.
The Bloomberg report shows that solar and wind will increase their combined share of global generation
capacity to 16% from 3% by 2030. The key driver will be utility-scale solar power plants, as well as the
vast adoption of rooftop solar arrays in emerging markets lacking modern grid infrastructure. In places
like Latin America andIndia, the lack of infrastructure will actually make rooftop solar a cheaper option
for electricity generation. Analysts estimate that Latin America will add nearly 102 GW worth of rooftop
solar arrays during the study’s time period.
Bloomberg New Energy predicts that economics will have more to do with the additional generation
capacity than subsidies. The same can be said for many Asian nations. Increased solar adoption will
benefit from higher costs related to rising liquid natural gas (LNG) imports in the region starting in 2024.
Likewise, on- and offshore wind power facilities will see rising capacity as well.
 
82) 
In the developed world, Bloomberg New Energy Finance predicts that CO2 and emission reductions will
also help play a major role in adding additional renewable energy to the grid. While the U.S. will still
focus much of its attention towards shale gas, developed Europe will spend roughly $67 billion on new
green energy capacity by 2030.
Available at: <https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/070814/ why-you-should-invest-green-energy-right-
now.asp>. Retrieved on: 12 Feb 2018. Adapted.
 
In Text, the author affirms that “The future is certainly looking pretty green for renewable energy bulls”
because of the
a) large share of electricity to be generated from renewable energy sources by 2030.
b) expected growth in fossil fuels in the total share of power generation by 2030.
c) dominant position of coal and natural gas for electricity generation nowadays.
d) global boom in hydropower generation by the end of this decade.
e) massive investment in solar and wind energy in the next decade
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/694036
CESGRANRIO - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Enfermagem do Trabalho/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Text I
 
Clean energy: Experts outline how governments can successfully invest before it’s too late
 
Governments need to give technical experts more autonomy and hold their nerve to provide more long-
term stability when investing in clean energy, argue researchers in climate change and innovation policy
in a new paper published today.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/694036
 
Writing in the journal Nature, the authors from UK and US institutions have set out guidelines for
investment based on an analysis of the last twenty years of “what works” in clean energy research and
innovation programs.
 
Their six simple “guiding principles” also include the need to channel innovation into the private sector
through formal tech transfer programs, and to think in terms of lasting knowledge creation rather than
‘quick win’ potential when funding new projects.
 
The authors offer a stark warning to governments and policymakers: learn from and build on experience
before time runs out, rather than constantly reinventing aims and processes for the sake of political
vanity. “As the window of opportunity to avert dangerous climate change narrows, we urgently need to
take stock of policy initiatives around the world that aim to accelerate new energy technologies and stem
greenhouse gas emissions,” said Laura Diaz Anadon, Professor of Climate Change Policy at the University
of Cambridge.
 
“If we don’t build on the lessons from previous policy successes and failures to understand what works
and why, we risk wasting time and money in a way that we simply can’t afford,” said Anadon, who
authored the new paper with colleagues from the Harvard Kennedy School as well as the University of
Minnesota’s Prof Gabriel Chan.
 
Public investments in energy research have risen since the lows of the mid-1990s and early 2000s. OECD
members spent US$16.6 billion on new energy research and development (R&D) in 2016 compared to
$10b in 2010. The EU and other nations pledged to double clean energy investment as part of 2015’s
Paris Climate Change Agreement.
 
Recently, the UK government set out its own Clean Growth Strategy, committing £2.5 billion between
2015 and 2021, with hundreds of million to be invested in new generations of small nuclear power
stations and offshore wind turbines. However, Anadon and colleagues point out that government funding
for energy innovation has, in many cases, been highly volatile in the recent past: with political shifts
resulting in huge budget fluctuations and process reinventions in the UK and US.
 
For example, the research team found that every single year between 1990 and 2017, one in five
technology areas funded by the US Department of Energy (DoE) saw a budget shift of more than 30%
up or down. The Trump administration’s current plan is to slash 2018’s energy R&D budget by 35%
across the board.
 
“Experimentation has benefits, but also costs,” said Anadon. “Researchers are having to relearn new
processes, people and programmes with every political transition -- wasting time and effort for scientists,
companies and policymakers.”
 
“Rather than repeated overhauls, existing programs should be continuously evaluated and updated. New
programs should only be set up if they fill needs not currently met.”
 
More autonomy for project selection should be passed to active scientists, who are “best placed to spot
bold but risky opportunities that managers miss,” say the authors of the new paper.
 
They point to projects instigated by the US National Labs producing more commercially-viable
technologies than those dictated by DoE headquarters — despite the Labs holding a mere 4% of the
DoE’s overall budget.
 
The six evidence-based guiding principles for clean energy investment are:
• Give researchers and technical experts more autonomy and influence over funding decisions.
• Build technology transfer into research organisations.
• Focus demonstration projects on learning.
• Incentivise international collaboration.
• Adopt an adaptive learning strategy.
• Keep funding stable and predictable.
 
From US researchers using the pace of Chinese construction markets to test energy reduction
technologies, to the UK government harnessing behavioural psychology to promote energy efficiency, the
authors highlight examples of government investment that helped create or improve clean energy
initiatives across the world.
 
“Let’s learn from experience on how to accelerate the transition to a cleaner, safer and more affordable
energy system,” they write.
 
Available at: . Retrieved on: 28 Dec 2017. Adapted.
 
Why You Should Invest In Green Energy Right Now
 
It’s no secret that the global energy demand continues to rise. Driven by emerging economies and non-
OECD nations, total worldwide energy usage is expected to grow by nearly 40% over the next 20 years.
That’ll require a staggering amount of coal, oil and gas.
But it’s not just fossil fuels that will get the nod. The demand for renewable energy sources is exploding,
and according to new study, we haven’t seen anything yet in terms of spending on solar, wind and other
green energy projects. For investors, that spending could lead to some serious portfolio green as well.
Rising Market Share
The future is certainly looking pretty “green” for renewable energy bulls. A new study shows that the
sector will receive nearly $5.1 trillion worth of investment in new power plants by 2030. According to a
new report by Bloomberg New Energy Finance, by 2030, renewable energy sources will account for over
60% of the 5,579 gigawatts of new generation capacity and 65% of the $7.7 trillion in power investment.
Overall, fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, will see their total share of power generation fall to
46%. That’s a lot, but down from roughly from 64% today.
Large-scale hydropower facilities will command the lion’s share of new capacity among green energy
sources. However, the expansion by solar and wind energy will be mighty swift as well.
The Bloomberg report shows that solar and wind will increase their combined share of global generation
capacity to 16% from 3% by 2030. The key driver will be utility-scale solar power plants, as well as the
vast adoptionof rooftop solar arrays in emerging markets lacking modern grid infrastructure. In places
like Latin America and India, the lack of infrastructure will actually make rooftop solar a cheaper option
for electricity generation. Analysts estimate that Latin America will add nearly 102 GW worth of rooftop
solar arrays during the study’s time period.
Bloomberg New Energy predicts that economics will have more to do with the additional generation
capacity than subsidies. The same can be said for many Asian nations. Increased solar adoption will
benefit from higher costs related to rising liquid natural gas (LNG) imports in the region starting in 2024.
Likewise, on- and offshore wind power facilities will see rising capacity as well.
 
In the developed world, Bloomberg New Energy Finance predicts that CO2 and emission reductions will
also help play a major role in adding additional renewable energy to the grid. While the U.S. will still
focus much of its attention towards shale gas, developed Europe will spend roughly $67 billion on new
green energy capacity by 2030.
Available at: <https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/070814/ why-you-should-invest-green-energy-right-
now.asp>. Retrieved on: 12 Feb 2018. Adapted.
Comparing Texts, it is possible to affirm that
a) Text forecasts the expansion of green energy sources in Latin American countries.
83) 
b) Text discusses the important role of scientists over funding decisions on clean energy.
c) neither Text nor Text reveal concerns about dangerous climate change in the near future.
d) both Text and Text underscore the importance of governmental investments in energy research.
e) both Text and Text quote studies that discuss investments in renewable energy sources.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/565178
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Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Text
 
Oil
 
Overview
 
The oil industry has a less-than-stellar environmental record in general, but it becomes even worse in
tropical rainforest regions, which often contain rich deposits of petroleum. The most notorious examples
of rainforest havoc caused by oil firms are Shell Oil in Nigeria and Texaco in Ecuador. The operations run
by both companies degraded the environment and affected local and indigenous people by their
activities. The Texaco operation in Ecuador was responsible for spilling some 17 million gallons of oil into
the biologically rich tributaries of the upper Amazon, while in the 1980s and 1990s Shell Oil cooperated
with the oppressive military dictatorship in Nigeria in the suppression and harassment of local people.
 
Action
 
The simplest and most reliable way to mitigate damage from oil operations would be to prohibit oil
extraction in the tropical rainforest. But that is unlikely given the number of tropical countries that
produce oil and the wealth of oil deposits located in forest areas. Thus the focus is on reducing pollution
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/565178
and avoiding spills through better pipeline management, reinjection techniques, and halting methane
flaring. Limiting road development and restricting access can help avoid deforestation associated with
settlement.
 
Biofuels
 
The energy and technology sectors are investing heavily in alternatives to conventional fossil fuels, but
early efforts to use crop-based biofuels have had serious environmental consequences.
 
While some believed biofuels—fuels that are derived from biomass, including recently living organisms
like plants or their metabolic byproducts like cow manure— would offer environmental benefits over
conventional fossils fuels, the production and use of biofuels derived from palm oil, soy, corn, rapeseed,
and sugar cane have in recent years driven up food prices, promoted large-scale deforestation, depleted
water supplies, worsened soil erosion, and lead to increased air and water pollution. Still, there is hope
that the next generation of biofuels, derived from farm waste, algae, and native grasses and weeds,
could eliminate many of the worse effects seen during the current rush into biofuels.
 
Efficiency
 
Good old-fashioned oil conservation is effective in reducing demand for oil products. After the first OPEC
embargo in 1973, the United States realized the importance of oil efficiency and initiated policies to do
away with wasteful practices. By 1985, the U.S. was 25 percent more energy efficient and 32 percent
more oil efficient than in 1973. Of course the U.S. was upstaged by the Japanese who in the same period
improved their energy efficiency by 31 percent and their oil efficiency by 51 percent. Today the
importance of oil to the economy is still diminishing. Despite the 51 percent growth in the American
economy between 1990 and 2004, carbon emissions only increased 19% suggesting that those who
insist that economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions move in tandem are wrong.
 
Develop new technology
 
The developed world can seek alternative methods to oil exploration, by developing new technologies
that rely less on processes that are ecologically damaging. For example, compressed natural gas is a
cleaner-burning fuel than gasoline, is already used in some cars, and is available in vast quantities.
Electric cars are potentially even more environmentally sound.
 
To encourage investment in research and development of “greener” technologies, governments can help
by eliminating subsidies for the oil and gas industry and imposing higher taxes on heavy polluters. While
governments will play a role in cleaner-energy development, it is likely that the private sector will provide
most of the funding and innovation for new energy projects. Venture capital firms and corporations have
put billions into new technologies since the mid-2000s, while corporations are getting on board as well.
 
As experiences with biofuels have shown, there are often downsides to alternative energy sources. For
example, hydroelectric projects have destroyed river systems and flooded vast areas of forests. Thus
when undertaking any large-scale energy project — whether it’s wind, solar, tidal, geothermal, or
something else — it is important to conduct a proper assessment of its impact.
 
Conclusion
 
Admittedly, there are many challenges facing sustainable use of tropical rainforests. In arriving at a
solution many issues must be addressed, including the resolution of conflicting claims to land considered
to be in the public domain; barriers to markets; the assurance of sustainable development without
overexploitation in the face of growing demand for forest products; determination of the best way to use
forests; and the consideration of many other factors.
 
Almost none of these economic possibilities can become realities if the rainforests are completely
stripped. Useful products cannot be harvested from species that no longer exist, just as eco-tourists will
84) 
not visit the vast stretches of wasteland that were once lush forest. Thus some of the primary rainforests
must be salvaged for sustainable development to be at all successful.
 
Available at: <http://rainforests.mongabay.com/1013.htm>. Retrieved on: Aug, 10th, 2017. Adapted.
 
The main objective of Text is to
a) defend the idea that the preservation of rainforests should follow the same strategies used in the
preservation of other ecosystems.
b) highlight the fact that oil industry should not be responsible for the preservation of ecosystems,
but the government should.
c) state that investments in research and development of “greener” technologies are the only key to
rainforest preservation.
d) argue that biofuels are the best alternative to fossil fuels in terms of environmental impact.
e) stress the necessity of the preservation of some primary rainforests for sustainable development.
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/565189
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Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos(Understanding)
Text
 
Oil
 
Overview
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/565189
The oil industry has a less-than-stellar environmental record in general, but it becomes even worse in
tropical rainforest regions, which often contain rich deposits of petroleum. The most notorious examples
of rainforest havoc caused by oil firms are Shell Oil in Nigeria and Texaco in Ecuador. The operations run
by both companies degraded the environment and affected local and indigenous people by their
activities. The Texaco operation in Ecuador was responsible for spilling some 17 million gallons of oil into
the biologically rich tributaries of the upper Amazon, while in the 1980s and 1990s Shell Oil cooperated
with the oppressive military dictatorship in Nigeria in the suppression and harassment of local people.
 
Action
 
The simplest and most reliable way to mitigate damage from oil operations would be to prohibit oil
extraction in the tropical rainforest. But that is unlikely given the number of tropical countries that
produce oil and the wealth of oil deposits located in forest areas. Thus the focus is on reducing pollution
and avoiding spills through better pipeline management, reinjection techniques, and halting methane
flaring. Limiting road development and restricting access can help avoid deforestation associated with
settlement.
 
Biofuels
 
The energy and technology sectors are investing heavily in alternatives to conventional fossil fuels, but
early efforts to use crop-based biofuels have had serious environmental consequences.
 
While some believed biofuels—fuels that are derived from biomass, including recently living organisms
like plants or their metabolic byproducts like cow manure— would offer environmental benefits over
conventional fossils fuels, the production and use of biofuels derived from palm oil, soy, corn, rapeseed,
and sugar cane have in recent years driven up food prices, promoted large-scale deforestation, depleted
water supplies, worsened soil erosion, and lead to increased air and water pollution. Still, there is hope
that the next generation of biofuels, derived from farm waste, algae, and native grasses and weeds,
could eliminate many of the worse effects seen during the current rush into biofuels.
 
Efficiency
 
Good old-fashioned oil conservation is effective in reducing demand for oil products. After the first OPEC
embargo in 1973, the United States realized the importance of oil efficiency and initiated policies to do
away with wasteful practices. By 1985, the U.S. was 25 percent more energy efficient and 32 percent
more oil efficient than in 1973. Of course the U.S. was upstaged by the Japanese who in the same period
improved their energy efficiency by 31 percent and their oil efficiency by 51 percent. Today the
importance of oil to the economy is still diminishing. Despite the 51 percent growth in the American
economy between 1990 and 2004, carbon emissions only increased 19% suggesting that those who
insist that economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions move in tandem are wrong.
 
Develop new technology
 
The developed world can seek alternative methods to oil exploration, by developing new technologies
that rely less on processes that are ecologically damaging. For example, compressed natural gas is a
cleaner-burning fuel than gasoline, is already used in some cars, and is available in vast quantities.
Electric cars are potentially even more environmentally sound.
 
To encourage investment in research and development of “greener” technologies, governments can help
by eliminating subsidies for the oil and gas industry and imposing higher taxes on heavy polluters. While
governments will play a role in cleaner-energy development, it is likely that the private sector will provide
most of the funding and innovation for new energy projects. Venture capital firms and corporations have
put billions into new technologies since the mid-2000s, while corporations are getting on board as well.
 
As experiences with biofuels have shown, there are often downsides to alternative energy sources. For
example, hydroelectric projects have destroyed river systems and flooded vast areas of forests. Thus
when undertaking any large-scale energy project — whether it’s wind, solar, tidal, geothermal, or
something else — it is important to conduct a proper assessment of its impact.
 
Conclusion
 
Admittedly, there are many challenges facing sustainable use of tropical rainforests. In arriving at a
solution many issues must be addressed, including the resolution of conflicting claims to land considered
to be in the public domain; barriers to markets; the assurance of sustainable development without
overexploitation in the face of growing demand for forest products; determination of the best way to use
forests; and the consideration of many other factors.
 
Almost none of these economic possibilities can become realities if the rainforests are completely
stripped. Useful products cannot be harvested from species that no longer exist, just as eco-tourists will
not visit the vast stretches of wasteland that were once lush forest. Thus some of the primary rainforests
must be salvaged for sustainable development to be at all successful.
 
Available at: <http://rainforests.mongabay.com/1013.htm>. Retrieved on: Aug, 10th, 2017. Adapted.
 
By the fragment of Text “By 1985, the U.S. was 25 percent more energy efficient and 32 percent more oil
efficient than in 1973. Of course the U.S. was upstaged by the Japanese who in the same period
improved their energy efficiency by 31 percent and their oil efficiency by 51 percent”, one can infer that
a) Japan became more energy efficient than the USA in the 1973-1985 period.
b) Both the USA and Japan became equally energy efficient in the 1973-1985 period.
c) The USA became more energy efficient than Japan in the 1973-1985 period.
d) The USA became the most energy efficient country in the world in the 1973-1985 period.
e) The USA did not become more energy efficient during the 1973-1985 period.
85) 
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Text
 
Oil
 
Overview
 
The oil industry has a less-than-stellar environmental record in general, but it becomes even worse in
tropical rainforest regions, which often contain rich deposits of petroleum. The most notorious examples
of rainforest havoc caused by oil firms are Shell Oil in Nigeria and Texaco in Ecuador. The operations run
by both companies degraded the environment and affected local and indigenous people by their
activities. The Texaco operation in Ecuador was responsible for spilling some 17 million gallons of oil into
the biologically rich tributaries of the upper Amazon, while in the 1980s and 1990s Shell Oil cooperated
with the oppressive military dictatorship in Nigeria in the suppression and harassment of local people.
 
Action
 
The simplest and most reliable way to mitigate damage from oil operations would be to prohibit oil
extraction in the tropical rainforest. But that is unlikely given the number of tropical countries that
produce oil and the wealth of oil deposits located in forest areas. Thus the focus is on reducing pollution
and avoiding spills through better pipeline management, reinjection techniques, and halting methane
flaring. Limiting road development and restricting access can help avoid deforestation associated with
settlement.
 
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Biofuels
 
The energy and technology sectors are investing heavily in alternatives to conventional fossil fuels, but
early efforts to use crop-based biofuels have had serious environmental consequences.
 
While some believed biofuels—fuels that are derived from biomass, including recently living organisms
like plants or their metabolic byproducts like cow manure— would offer environmental benefits over
conventional fossils fuels, the production and useof biofuels derived from palm oil, soy, corn, rapeseed,
and sugar cane have in recent years driven up food prices, promoted large-scale deforestation, depleted
water supplies, worsened soil erosion, and lead to increased air and water pollution. Still, there is hope
that the next generation of biofuels, derived from farm waste, algae, and native grasses and weeds,
could eliminate many of the worse effects seen during the current rush into biofuels.
 
Efficiency
 
Good old-fashioned oil conservation is effective in reducing demand for oil products. After the first OPEC
embargo in 1973, the United States realized the importance of oil efficiency and initiated policies to do
away with wasteful practices. By 1985, the U.S. was 25 percent more energy efficient and 32 percent
more oil efficient than in 1973. Of course the U.S. was upstaged by the Japanese who in the same period
improved their energy efficiency by 31 percent and their oil efficiency by 51 percent. Today the
importance of oil to the economy is still diminishing. Despite the 51 percent growth in the American
economy between 1990 and 2004, carbon emissions only increased 19% suggesting that those who
insist that economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions move in tandem are wrong.
 
Develop new technology
 
The developed world can seek alternative methods to oil exploration, by developing new technologies
that rely less on processes that are ecologically damaging. For example, compressed natural gas is a
cleaner-burning fuel than gasoline, is already used in some cars, and is available in vast quantities.
Electric cars are potentially even more environmentally sound.
 
To encourage investment in research and development of “greener” technologies, governments can help
by eliminating subsidies for the oil and gas industry and imposing higher taxes on heavy polluters. While
governments will play a role in cleaner-energy development, it is likely that the private sector will provide
most of the funding and innovation for new energy projects. Venture capital firms and corporations have
put billions into new technologies since the mid-2000s, while corporations are getting on board as well.
 
As experiences with biofuels have shown, there are often downsides to alternative energy sources. For
example, hydroelectric projects have destroyed river systems and flooded vast areas of forests. Thus
when undertaking any large-scale energy project — whether it’s wind, solar, tidal, geothermal, or
something else — it is important to conduct a proper assessment of its impact.
 
Conclusion
 
Admittedly, there are many challenges facing sustainable use of tropical rainforests. In arriving at a
solution many issues must be addressed, including the resolution of conflicting claims to land considered
to be in the public domain; barriers to markets; the assurance of sustainable development without
overexploitation in the face of growing demand for forest products; determination of the best way to use
forests; and the consideration of many other factors.
 
Almost none of these economic possibilities can become realities if the rainforests are completely
stripped. Useful products cannot be harvested from species that no longer exist, just as eco-tourists will
not visit the vast stretches of wasteland that were once lush forest. Thus some of the primary rainforests
must be salvaged for sustainable development to be at all successful.
 
Available at: <http://rainforests.mongabay.com/1013.htm>. Retrieved on: Aug, 10th, 2017. Adapted.
86) 
 
The fragment of Text “Despite the 51 percent growth in the American economy between 1990 and 2004,
carbon emissions only increased 19% suggesting that those who insist that economic growth and carbon
dioxide emissions move in tandem are wrong” implies that
a) both percent rates are incorrect.
b) those increase rates are independent.
c) the relationship between those rates must be established.
d) the American economy grew 51% from 1990 to 2004, and as a consequence, carbon emissions
decreased.
e) the American economy grew 51% from 1990 to 2004 because carbon emission only increased
19%.
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Text
 
Aggressive oil extraction spells disaster for Amazon rainforests
 
The refineries in the US processed 230,293 barrels of Amazon crude oil a day in 2015, according to the
study conducted by the Amazon Watch, an environmental group. The demand for crude oil in the US is
forcing countries such as Peru, Colombia and Ecuador to expand their oil drilling operations and hence,
driving the destruction of the rainforest ecosystem.
 
The Amazon rainforest has already become highly vulnerable to forest fires due to selective logging,
hunting, altering or fragmenting the landscape and other forms of habitat degradation. As oil interests
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/565194
lead to aggressive extraction of oil, there are fears that indigenous communities will suffer displacement
and acquire deadly illnesses due to lack of acquired immunity.
 
Layered impact on Amazon ecosystem
 
Mining and construction of hydroelectric dams, in what is considered the lungs of the world, have already
triggered deforestation. The problem is getting even more confounded when ambitions of large oil firms,
including some from China, have come to play its part. According to the study, the proposed oil and gas
fields now cover 283,172 sq. miles of the Amazon.
 
Explaining the “triple carbon impact” of Amazonian oil extraction, the report says that copious amount of
carbon is emitted when the rainforest is cut down to establish drill sites. Further destruction of the
world’s largest carbon sink takes place when necessary roads and other infrastructure are constructed.
More carbon emissions are experienced when the oil is ultimately burned for energy.
 
Ecuador
 
Ecuador’s state-run oil firm PetroAmazonas has started drilling close to the Yasuni National Park— one of
the most biologically rich places in the world. It is home to 655 endemic tree species—more than the US
and Canada combined—and two of the last tribes in the world. While extraction of 23,000 barrels of oil a
day began in September, critics raise concern over a possibility of oil destroying Yasuní the way it caused
widespread deforestation and pollution in rest of Ecuador and the western Amazon. Apart from the risk of
water and soil contamination, the construction of roads deep into the forest would lead to hunting and
deforestation. The environmentalists also fear an inevitable conflict for land between oil workers and the
semi-nomadic tribes of Waorani Indians living within the park for generations.
 
Peru
 
The viability of oil production in Peruvian Amazon has been questioned time and again. In the past two
months, the protest by Peruvian Amazonian indigenous communities against oil pollution on their lands
has grown stronger. Till October, nine cases of pipeline spill have been reported.
 
The indigenous communities, who witnessed the latest pipeline spill on October 23, are now demanding
a national debate on whether oil drilling should continue in the Peruvian Amazon that plays a crucial role
in regulating global climate and hydrological patterns.
 
The protesters want a state of emergency to be declared in two districts of the lower Marañón Valley
where five indigenous communities have been affected by a series of oil spills.
 
US increases crude oil imports from Amazon
 
While there has been an overall decline in US crude imports, the imports from the Amazon are on the
rise. The US is now importing more crude oil from the Amazon than from any single foreign country. “Our
demand for Amazon crude is driving the expansion of the Amazon oil frontier and is putting millions of
acres of indigenous territory and pristine rainforest on the chopping block,” said Leila Salazar-López,
executive director of Amazon Watch.According to Adam Zuckerman, Amazon Watch’s End Amazon Crude campaign manager, “All commercial
and public fleets in California—and many across the US—that buy bulk diesel are using fuel that is at
least partially derived from Amazon crude.”
 
The report also revealed that California refines an average of 170,978 barrels of Amazon crude a day
with the Chevron facility in El Segundo refining 24 per cent of the US alone. After crude is refined, it is
distributed as diesel to vehicle fleets across the US.
 
87) 
Interestingly, California Environment Protection Agency, in 2015, made an unequivocal climate
commitment, “In order to meet federal health-based air quality standards and our climate change goals,
we must cut in half the amount of petroleum we use in our cars and trucks over the next 15 years.”
 
Available at: <http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/us-led-demand-driving-aggressive
-extraction-of-oil-in-amazon-rainforest-56149>. Retrieved on: Aug, 12th, 2017. Adapted.
 
From the fragment of Text “Explaining the ‘triple carbon impact’ of Amazonian oil extraction, the report
says that copious amount of carbon is emitted when the rainforest is cut down to establish drill sites”, the
word report refers to
a) this article.
b) the person who wrote the article.
c) Chinese oil firms’ business plan.
d) study produced by an environmental group.
e) written piece issued by hydroelectric power plants.
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Text
 
Aggressive oil extraction spells disaster for Amazon rainforests
 
The refineries in the US processed 230,293 barrels of Amazon crude oil a day in 2015, according to the
study conducted by the Amazon Watch, an environmental group. The demand for crude oil in the US is
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/565195
forcing countries such as Peru, Colombia and Ecuador to expand their oil drilling operations and hence,
driving the destruction of the rainforest ecosystem.
 
The Amazon rainforest has already become highly vulnerable to forest fires due to selective logging,
hunting, altering or fragmenting the landscape and other forms of habitat degradation. As oil interests
lead to aggressive extraction of oil, there are fears that indigenous communities will suffer displacement
and acquire deadly illnesses due to lack of acquired immunity.
 
Layered impact on Amazon ecosystem
 
Mining and construction of hydroelectric dams, in what is considered the lungs of the world, have already
triggered deforestation. The problem is getting even more confounded when ambitions of large oil firms,
including some from China, have come to play its part. According to the study, the proposed oil and gas
fields now cover 283,172 sq. miles of the Amazon.
 
Explaining the “triple carbon impact” of Amazonian oil extraction, the report says that copious amount of
carbon is emitted when the rainforest is cut down to establish drill sites. Further destruction of the
world’s largest carbon sink takes place when necessary roads and other infrastructure are constructed.
More carbon emissions are experienced when the oil is ultimately burned for energy.
 
Ecuador
 
Ecuador’s state-run oil firm PetroAmazonas has started drilling close to the Yasuni National Park— one of
the most biologically rich places in the world. It is home to 655 endemic tree species—more than the US
and Canada combined—and two of the last tribes in the world. While extraction of 23,000 barrels of oil a
day began in September, critics raise concern over a possibility of oil destroying Yasuní the way it caused
widespread deforestation and pollution in rest of Ecuador and the western Amazon. Apart from the risk of
water and soil contamination, the construction of roads deep into the forest would lead to hunting and
deforestation. The environmentalists also fear an inevitable conflict for land between oil workers and the
semi-nomadic tribes of Waorani Indians living within the park for generations.
 
Peru
 
The viability of oil production in Peruvian Amazon has been questioned time and again. In the past two
months, the protest by Peruvian Amazonian indigenous communities against oil pollution on their lands
has grown stronger. Till October, nine cases of pipeline spill have been reported.
 
The indigenous communities, who witnessed the latest pipeline spill on October 23, are now demanding
a national debate on whether oil drilling should continue in the Peruvian Amazon that plays a crucial role
in regulating global climate and hydrological patterns.
 
The protesters want a state of emergency to be declared in two districts of the lower Marañón Valley
where five indigenous communities have been affected by a series of oil spills.
 
US increases crude oil imports from Amazon
 
While there has been an overall decline in US crude imports, the imports from the Amazon are on the
rise. The US is now importing more crude oil from the Amazon than from any single foreign country. “Our
demand for Amazon crude is driving the expansion of the Amazon oil frontier and is putting millions of
acres of indigenous territory and pristine rainforest on the chopping block,” said Leila Salazar-López,
executive director of Amazon Watch.
 
According to Adam Zuckerman, Amazon Watch’s End Amazon Crude campaign manager, “All commercial
and public fleets in California—and many across the US—that buy bulk diesel are using fuel that is at
least partially derived from Amazon crude.”
 
88) 
The report also revealed that California refines an average of 170,978 barrels of Amazon crude a day
with the Chevron facility in El Segundo refining 24 per cent of the US alone. After crude is refined, it is
distributed as diesel to vehicle fleets across the US.
 
Interestingly, California Environment Protection Agency, in 2015, made an unequivocal climate
commitment, “In order to meet federal health-based air quality standards and our climate change goals,
we must cut in half the amount of petroleum we use in our cars and trucks over the next 15 years.”
 
Available at: <http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/us-led-demand-driving-aggressive
-extraction-of-oil-in-amazon-rainforest-56149>. Retrieved on: Aug, 12th, 2017. Adapted.
 
From the 9th paragraph of Text, one can conclude that in recent overall figures, the US import of crude
oil
a) has soared.
b) has ceased.
c) has kept its previous levels.
d) has spread its fuel source areas.
e) has concentrated its fuel source areas.
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Low Oil Prices Could Be Good
for Electricity and Renewables
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/348295
By Robert Fares
 
Since I first wrote about the price of oil last December, the global oil price has fallen to levels not seen in
over five years. For many, the recent price decline brings back memories of the 1980s oil price collapse,
which followed the 70s oil price spike and drew attention away from renewable energy and other
alternatives — famously prompting U.S. President Ronald Reagan to remove the White House solar
panels that had been installed by the previous administration.
 
Thankfully, this time around, the outlook for renewable energy isn’t so bleak. In fact, it is possible low oil
prices could actually improve the economics of renewable energy. It all comes down to the relationship
between oil and gas production and the price of electricity, which directly affects the bottom line of
technologies like wind and solar.
 
In 1973, the year the Arab Oil Embargo caused a steep rise in oil prices, the United States produced 17
percent of its electricity using petroleum. When the oil price increased, the price of electricity increased
too. This increase in price prompted greater interest in domestic sources of electricity, like coal, nuclear,
and renewable energy.
 
Due in part to the