Varying of horse power and torque in two wheelers by using sprockets

Prévia do material em texto

<p>Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx</p><p>Contents lists available at ScienceDirect</p><p>Materials Today: Proceedings</p><p>journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/locate /matpr</p><p>Varying of horse power and torque in two wheeler’s by using sprockets</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>2214-7853/� 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p><p>Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Newer Trends and Innovation in Mechanical Eng</p><p>Materials Science.</p><p>⇑ Corresponding author.</p><p>E-mail address: raghuvarankrmech@gmail.com (S. Raghuvaran).</p><p>Please cite this article as: S. Raghuvaran, B. Ashok, B. Veluchamy et al., Varying of horse power and torque in two wheeler’s by using sprockets, M</p><p>Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>S. Raghuvaran ⇑, B. Ashok, B. Veluchamy, B. Prakash</p><p>Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, India</p><p>a r t i c l e i n f o</p><p>Article history:</p><p>Received 30 May 2020</p><p>Accepted 16 June 2020</p><p>Available online xxxx</p><p>Keywords:</p><p>Sprocket</p><p>ANSYS</p><p>Design</p><p>Analysis</p><p>Shear Analysis</p><p>a b s t r a c t</p><p>The objective of this project is to vary the horse power and torque completely in motor bikes by using</p><p>sprockets. Normally, sprockets can be manufactured based on the specifications of bike. This Project</p><p>describes that the two sprockets with different dimensions used to vary the horse power and torque.</p><p>Normally, the torque and Horse power can be defined as the ratio of output teeth to the input teeth. If</p><p>the result value is between 2 and 2.5, then the Sprocket is designed for Purely Horse Power and when</p><p>the result value is greater than 3, then it is surely produce high Torque. Whether the speed may be based</p><p>on Horse Power or Torque. For Instance, if a 200 cc bike has a necessity to ride in a hills. The bike must be</p><p>run in second or third gear. During second and third gear the engine needs more torque. A sprocket made</p><p>for a horse power cannot produce sufficient torque to ride in a hills and fuel consumption is high. To over-</p><p>come this problem, an input shaft which contains two sprockets of which one is purely for horse power</p><p>and another one is purely for Torque. And the derailleur is introduced to shift the roller chain. Normally,</p><p>Sprockets are made up of Cast Iron and Carbon Steels. In this work, instead of Cast Iron Sprocket, it is</p><p>made up of 4140 Alloy Steel is used for Torque. A virtual model of Sprocket is designed by using</p><p>CATIA 2018. Model is imported in ANSYS 15.0. The model has been analyzed and results have been</p><p>recorded.</p><p>� 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p><p>Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer-</p><p>ence on Newer Trends and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering: Materials Science.</p><p>1. Introduction</p><p>A sprocket is a wheel with more number of teeth profiles that</p><p>mesh with a chain to transmit the motion between shafts. The</p><p>combination of sprocket and chains are also used for power trans-</p><p>mission from one shaft to another shaft. By changing the gear</p><p>ratios, diameter of the sprockets and number of teeth, the modifi-</p><p>cation can be done. The gear ratios are the ratios of the No. of Teeth</p><p>on the rear sprocket by the no. of. Teeth on the counter shaft</p><p>sprocket. The Lower gear ratios make easier to ride up in hills</p><p>and the higher gear ratios make the bike more powerful on flats</p><p>and down hills. The Lower gear ratios perfectly made for torque,</p><p>which increases acceleration. The higher gear ratios made for For</p><p>moving the chain from one sprocket to another, a variable ratio</p><p>transmission system called the derailleur gears are used. The</p><p>derailleur gears are operated under a Parallelogram Mechanism</p><p>which contains spring and multiple sprockets. Spring in the derail-</p><p>leur can control the tension produced in the chain.</p><p>The front Derailleur consists of movable chain guide operated at</p><p>Bowden cable attached to the shifter. In this work, a multiple</p><p>strand sprockets is commonly used in applications where higher</p><p>torque and power requirements are needed. In this paper, 4140</p><p>Alloy steel sprocket is used instead of Cast iron Sprockets. The</p><p>sprocket with Teeth 16, which is designed for Horse Power is made</p><p>up of Cast iron. And the sprocket with Teeth 12, which is Designed</p><p>for Torque is made up of 4140 Alloy Steel. Alloy steel sprockets are</p><p>normally used in Large scale Industries such as conveyors. In this</p><p>paper, 4140 Alloy steel sprocket is compared with Cast Iron</p><p>Sprocket by using ANSYS. Total deformation, shear stress, elastic</p><p>strain and Fatigue of the sprocket is calculated. James B. Spicer</p><p>et al. [1]: Theoretical and experimental measurements was inves-</p><p>tigated to find the chain drive efficiency and power loss. Experi-</p><p>mental studies were carried out at different operating conditions</p><p>of a bicycle. Williams S [2] had investigated on the sprocket as</p><p>the dimensions, teeth number are the major influence while</p><p>designing front and rear sprockets with different materials. It had</p><p>discussed the eight steps that need to be followed sequentially in</p><p>this reverse engineering approach. Shanthoshkumar et al. [3]</p><p>reduced the unused torque in 2 wheeler by reducing the diameter</p><p>ineering:</p><p>aterials</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>mailto:raghuvarankrmech@gmail.com</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/22147853</p><p>http://www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>Table 1</p><p>Properties of 4140 alloy steel.</p><p>Properties Metric</p><p>Density, q 7.85 g/cm3</p><p>Melting Point (c) 1946 c ֹ</p><p>Tensile Strength, 655 MPa</p><p>Yield Stress, r 415 MPa</p><p>Poisson’s Ratio, t 0.27–0.30</p><p>Young’s Modulus, E 190000 MPa</p><p>Thermal conductivity (@100c) W/mk</p><p>Fig. 2. Horse Po</p><p>Table 2</p><p>Properties of grey Cast Iron.</p><p>Properties Metric</p><p>Density, q 7.35 g/cm3</p><p>Melting Point (c) 1650 K</p><p>Tensile Strength, 450 MPa</p><p>Yield Stress, r 276 MPa</p><p>Poisson’s Ratio, t 0.21–0.26</p><p>Young’s Modulus, E 4.1*106 MPa</p><p>Thermal Conductivity 72 W/mK</p><p>Fig. 1. Dual Single Sprocket.</p><p>2 S. Raghuvaran et al. /Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx</p><p>Please cite this article as: S. Raghuvaran, B. Ashok, B. Veluchamy et al., Varying</p><p>Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>and tooth counts of rear wheel sprockets. The performance of 39 &</p><p>36 gear tooth have been recorded and analyzed. Chun Lin et al. [4]</p><p>suggested the planetary gear mechanism to improve the torque on</p><p>the E-CVT bikes. Pruthviraj shinde et al. [5] proposed that the</p><p>desirable sprocket ratio will give the maximum speed and maxi-</p><p>mum torque. The sprocket ratio can be found out from the tire data</p><p>analysis and simulation study. Anup Behra et al. [6] had taken</p><p>effort to increase the efficiency by adopting two chain sprocket.</p><p>It reduces the effort of operator by 40%. Abishek et al. [7] estab-</p><p>lished a flywheel with transmission drive to improve torque. The</p><p>kinetic energy stored is then released the stored energy back to</p><p>the vehicle. The flywheel is designed and analyzed using FEA soft-</p><p>ware. Sagar et al. [8] proposed that the high horse power and tor-</p><p>que is the requirements of off road bikes. The torque of sprockets</p><p>15/41 & 13/39 is increased by 9.91% Material selection is one</p><p>among the major considerations. Many researchers suggested the</p><p>steel, alloy and synthetic materials for making the sprockets. Mer-</p><p>shef A et al. [9] discussed the effects of stress and heat treatment</p><p>temperature of AISI 4140 alloy steel at different temperatures (500</p><p>– 900 �C). They proposed that there is increase in hardening expo-</p><p>nent and decrease in strength co-efficient when annealing temper-</p><p>ature increases. Yang LI et al. [10] shown the micro structures,</p><p>mechanical and adhesive properties of AISI 4140 alloy steel upon</p><p>plasma nitriding and influence of different layers of coating. Saied</p><p>Amini et al. [11] argued the influence of vibrations over AISI 4140</p><p>steel, when performed at different cutting speeds. They suggested</p><p>that the surface roughness, cutting force and tool wear should be</p><p>taken into account. Om</p><p>prakash et al. [12] compared mild steel</p><p>and cast iron chain sprockets, mainly on stresses. Due to least den-</p><p>sity of mild steel, cast iron is preferred as the sprocket material. Jin</p><p>kyu et al. [13] suggested the induction heating using high</p><p>wer Mode.</p><p>of horse power and torque in two wheeler’s by using sprockets, Materials</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>Fig. 3. Torque Mode.</p><p>S. Raghuvaran et al. /Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx 3</p><p>frequency current is applied to carry out the hardening process.</p><p>Many researchers used CAD and FEA software for their designing</p><p>and validation the results. Shweta et al. [14] designed a power</p><p>transmission of two sprockets using chain drive. The minimum</p><p>centre distance, factor of safety and maximum tension were calcu-</p><p>lated. Murtaza et al. [15] designed the sprocket using Creo 3.0 and</p><p>the force, teeth number and torque were analyzed in ANSYS 16.0.</p><p>The static and modal analysis, fatigue analysis was taken into</p><p>account to found out whether the design is safe. Sanjay et al.</p><p>[16] incorporated the spur gear train in bicycle and deformation</p><p>Fig 4. Modeling of 12 Teeth Sprocket.</p><p>Please cite this article as: S. Raghuvaran, B. Ashok, B. Veluchamy et al., Varying</p><p>Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>of gears and torque is found using FEA software. Tejas et al. [17]</p><p>suggested that two gear systems could be adopted to reduce the</p><p>effort of pulling by 50% in the initial load conditions of an auto rick-</p><p>shaw. They also modified the number of teeth on the sprockets</p><p>reduce the pull effort by 55.18%. A low gear sprocket reduces the</p><p>effort and increases the torque. Syed et al. [18] shown the reduc-</p><p>tion of weight of the sprocket is mainly focused using synthetic</p><p>materials like carbon fiber and E-glasses fiber. After much iteration</p><p>the optimization of sprocket weight reduction is achieved. Udutha</p><p>et al. [19] compared and studied the weight reduction of sprockets</p><p>Fig. 5. Shear Stress of Teeth 12.</p><p>of horse power and torque in two wheeler’s by using sprockets, Materials</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>Fig. 6. Elastic Strain of Teeth 12.</p><p>Fig 8. Fatigue Failure of Teeth 12.</p><p>Fig. 9. Modeling of 16 teeth Sprocket.</p><p>Fig. 7. Total Deformation of Teeth 12.</p><p>4 S. Raghuvaran et al. /Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx</p><p>Please cite this article as: S. Raghuvaran, B. Ashok, B. Veluchamy et al., Varying</p><p>Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>by using metal, carbon and glass fiber. Bing chen et al. [20] ana-</p><p>lyzed the torque of the sprocket at 60 km/hr. The dynamic stress</p><p>and strain occurred at the teeth root and bolt hole. Ramesh et al.</p><p>[21] designed and analyzed the transmission of power from sta-</p><p>tionary to oscillating devices where conical teeth prevents the slip-</p><p>page. Parag nikam et al. [22] compared and studied that the</p><p>weight is reduced up to 15.67% when optimization is done. Pra-</p><p>fulla M Giakward [23] the wear, vibration and noise problems in</p><p>the chain and sprockets for their newly designed sprockets and</p><p>achieved good results. Y madhu et al. [24] evaluated the force</p><p>and drawn Goodman diagram using reverse engineering. Ulti-</p><p>mately the sprocket design is said to be safer one. K china madda-</p><p>iah [25] expressed the stresses are extreme at the joints. Based on</p><p>the above literatures, the torque improvement techniques, mate-</p><p>rial selection for sprockets, design of sprockets and analysis were</p><p>carried out.</p><p>2. Material for sprockets</p><p>a) 4140 Alloy Steel</p><p>Combination of metals with at least one other metal or non</p><p>metals is known as an alloy. A part of solid solution, a compound</p><p>or a mixture with another metal or non metal, can be considered</p><p>as an alloy. Alloy steel contains one or more alloying elements such</p><p>as manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper and chromium. This</p><p>produces specific properties that are not found in regular carbon</p><p>steel. Lower percentages of alloying elements are added to increase</p><p>strength, hardenability and in larger percentages to achieve special</p><p>properties such as corrosion resistance or extreme temperature</p><p>stability. Low alloy steels are the one which contains 8% of alloying</p><p>elements.</p><p>The following table shows the Physical, Mechanical and Ther-</p><p>mal Properties of 4140 Alloy steel Table 1.</p><p>b) Cast Iron</p><p>It is a group of iron- carbon alloys with carbon content greater</p><p>than 2%. It has relatively low melting temperature with its low</p><p>melting point, resistance of deformation and wear resistance. Cast</p><p>irons are widely used for engineering applications. It is resistant to</p><p>damage by Oxidation. Its properties are changed by adding various</p><p>Alloying elements. A low percentage of silicon and a high percent-</p><p>age of silicon forms white and grey cast irons respectively. Grey</p><p>cast iron is characterized by its graphite microstructure, which</p><p>cause features of the material to have a grey appearance. Its low</p><p>compressive strength is preferred over low- and medium-carbon</p><p>steel. Cast iron can be further classified as,</p><p>The following table shows the Physical, Mechanical and Ther-</p><p>mal Properties of Grey Cast Iron Table 2.</p><p>of horse power and torque in two wheeler’s by using sprockets, Materials</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>Fig. 10. Shear Stress of Teeth 16.</p><p>Fig. 11. Elastic Strain of Teeth 16.</p><p>S. Raghuvaran et al. /Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx 5</p><p>3. Construction</p><p>The two sprockets of different dimensions acts as a driving</p><p>sprockets which is connected to the output shaft of the engine.</p><p>Please cite this article as: S. Raghuvaran, B. Ashok, B. Veluchamy et al., Varying</p><p>Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>The input shaft has two sprockets. As already stated above, one</p><p>sprocket is fully designed for Horse Power and another sprocket</p><p>is fully designed for Torque. The Derailleur Gears which is placed</p><p>in the Input shaft in order to change the position of the sprocket</p><p>of horse power and torque in two wheeler’s by using sprockets, Materials</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>Fig. 12. Total Deformation of Teeth 16.</p><p>Fig. 13. Graphical comparisions.</p><p>Table 3</p><p>Analysis of 4140 alloy steel using ANSYS.</p><p>Minimum Maximum</p><p>Shear Stress (Pa) �6.8721e5 6.055e6</p><p>Elastic Strain (m/m) 1.0881e-10 2.5285e-5</p><p>Total Deformation (m) 0 7.4862e-7</p><p>Fatigue Failure 4.9898 15</p><p>Table 4</p><p>Analysis of Cast Iron using ANSYS.</p><p>Minimum Maximum</p><p>Shear Stress (Pa) �7.7813e5 1.542e6</p><p>ElasticStrain(m/m) 3.6932e-8 4.6004e-5</p><p>Total Deformation (m) 0 1.1744e-6</p><p>Table 5</p><p>Comparisons of material properties.</p><p>4140 Alloy Steel Grey Cast Iron</p><p>Young’s Modulus, E 190000 MPa 4.1*106MPa</p><p>Poisson’s Ratio, 0.27 to 0.30 0.21 to 0.26</p><p>Density, 7.85 g/cm3 7.35 g/cm3</p><p>Yield Stress, 415 MPa 276 MPa</p><p>6 S. Raghuvaran et al. /Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx</p><p>Please cite this article as: S. Raghuvaran, B. Ashok, B. Veluchamy et al., Varying</p><p>Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>from one sprocket to another whenever it is necessary. The</p><p>sprocket for Torque is made up of 4140 Alloy steel for its better</p><p>physical properties. And torque needs much energy when com-</p><p>pared to any other. The sprocket for Horse Power is made up of</p><p>Grey Cast Iron Fig. 1.</p><p>The output sprocket which is mounted and interconnected to</p><p>the Rear wheel of the bike. The Derailleur gears which have multi-</p><p>ple sprockets and spring which is used to change the chain from</p><p>the sprockets while the vehicle is in motion. The multiple Sprock-</p><p>ets are placed in order to provide the Extension on one sprocket</p><p>from another and to control the loosening of chain due to misalign-</p><p>ments. Derailleur gear is working under a Parallelogram Mecha-</p><p>nism Figs. 2 & 3.</p><p>4. Working</p><p>After the crank of a engine, the mode has to fixed by the user.</p><p>The two different modes are installed in a bike. One is Horsepower</p><p>Mode and the rest is Torque Mode. When a user shifts the Horse-</p><p>power mode, the sprocket of Teeth 16 is in active, which is</p><p>mounted in the output shaft from the engine. The sprocket ratio</p><p>of this mode is 2.5 and obviously</p><p>it is completely designed for</p><p>horsepower. In Horsepower mode, the rpm of the engine is lesser</p><p>and the speed is higher. There is no need of Torque in this mode.</p><p>Horsepower produced in the engine is completely converted into</p><p>useful energy. Some losses are takes place, and the losses are less</p><p>of horse power and torque in two wheeler’s by using sprockets, Materials</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>Table 6</p><p>Comparisons of analysis results.</p><p>S. N Material Shear Stress (Pa) Elas tic Strain (m/ m) Total Deforma tion (m) Fatigue Failure</p><p>1 4140 Alloy Ste el Min � 6.87E + 05 1.09E-10 0 4.9898</p><p>Max 6.06E + 06 2.53E-05 7.49E-07 1.50E + 01</p><p>2 Cast Iron Min �7.78E + 05 6.06E + 06 0 –</p><p>Max 1.54E + 06 � 7.78E + 05 1.17E-06 –</p><p>S. Raghuvaran et al. /Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx 7</p><p>when compared to its existing. This is useful for off-roads and hills</p><p>riding. In this mode, Sprocket of 12 teeth made up of 4140 Alloy</p><p>steel is act as a driving sprocket. The sprocket ratio of this mode</p><p>is resulted as 3.33. And it is best for producing Torque. In this</p><p>mode, the rpm produced by the engine is higher and speed is min-</p><p>imum. In the existing design, a sprocket which is used for either</p><p>horsepower or torque. In this paper it is proposed to use double</p><p>sprockets which is used for both horsepower and torque. The</p><p>modes are changed by using derailleur gear. The Bowden cable</p><p>which is connected to the shifter used to shift the chain from</p><p>one sprocket to another. The shifting mode mounted on the handle</p><p>bar. When the mode is changed by shifting the gears, the power is</p><p>transmitted with respect to the Sprocket ratio. By using this two</p><p>sprockets, Sprocket braking is also possible to control the speed</p><p>of an engine. Sprocket braking which is similar to engine braking,</p><p>used to reduce the speed of an engine by changing the gears and</p><p>simultaneously the gear ratio will reduces to control the speed.</p><p>5. Analysis</p><p>The major theme of the project is to vary the sprocket’s material</p><p>and dimensions in order to get high efficiency when compared to</p><p>the existing one. For that purpose the Sprocket was designed by</p><p>using CATIA(Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Appli-</p><p>cation) and analyzed by using ANSYS 15.0. Boundary conditions of</p><p>the Sprocket are,</p><p>� Force acting on a sprocket due to tension in tight side of the</p><p>chain (Sprocket in countershaft side).</p><p>� Force acting at the teeth of the sprocket.</p><p>� Factor of Safety given to the sprocket is 0.5.</p><p>Fig. 4 shows the Modeling of 12 Teeth Sprocket by using CATIA.</p><p>Figs. 5 & 6 shows the shear strees of Teeth Sprocket and Elastic</p><p>Strain of Teeth Sprocket Figs. 7–13.</p><p>With the help of above analysis of the two materials their</p><p>results are as follows,</p><p>� Total deformation value is less in 4140 Alloy steel (7.4862e-</p><p>7 m), when compared to grey cast iron (1.1744e-6). From the</p><p>study, it is clearly defined as when the deformation value is less</p><p>than the material cannot change the original shape and it is</p><p>considered as a best material. Based on that 4140 Alloy Steel</p><p>is best when compared to Grey cast Iron.</p><p>� Elastic Strain of 4140 Alloy steel is 2.5285e- 5 m/m and for grey</p><p>cast iron it is 4.6004e-5 m/m. Therefore, it is more in Grey</p><p>castiron.</p><p>� Shear stress of 4140 Alloy steel is 6.055e6 Pa and for grey cast</p><p>iron it is 1.542e6 Pa. Therefore 4140 Alloy steel has High</p><p>strength.</p><p>� Thus 4140 Alloy steel has better properties than grey cast iron</p><p>and it is suitable for using as a sprocket forTorque Tables 3–6.</p><p>6. Conclusion</p><p>Thus in this project, to run a motor vehicle a sprockets, shaft</p><p>and derailleur gears plays a major function than any other parts</p><p>Please cite this article as: S. Raghuvaran, B. Ashok, B. Veluchamy et al., Varying</p><p>Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>can. Here, sprocket is the one with countable teethes in circular</p><p>form which was always ready to rotate when it is supposed to.</p><p>Sprocket helps to perform three basic functions such as transmit-</p><p>ting power, conveying materials and to maintain proper timing</p><p>within the function of the motor vehicle. Thus a sprocket of 4140</p><p>Alloy steel is used instead of Cast Iron. Because, it can quickly wear</p><p>due to significant Overload, Overload breakages, High impact Pres-</p><p>sure and Excessive chain wear. From the analysis given above, it is</p><p>clearly show that the 4140 Alloy Steel is better than cast iron. And</p><p>the sprocket made for horse power is made up of cast iron. Because</p><p>it has sufficient energy to withstand for horse power. But the tor-</p><p>que is not like that, it can need more energy to withstand torque.</p><p>And both the sprockets are mounted in the input shaft of the</p><p>engine. Power can be transmitted through a sprockets with their</p><p>respective modes. From the above analyzed results, 4140 Alloy</p><p>steel sprocket is suitable for torque, because torque can need more</p><p>energy. The disadvantage is the increase in weight due to double</p><p>single sprocket when compared to its existing.</p><p>Declaration of Competing Interest</p><p>The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-</p><p>cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared</p><p>to influence the work reported in this paper.</p><p>References</p><p>[1] P. Rounce et al., A comparison of diesel and biodiesel emissions using dimethyl</p><p>carbonate as an oxygenated additive, Energy Fuels 24 (2010) 4812–4819.</p><p>[2] James B. Spicer ‘‘Effects of Frictional Loss on Bicycle Chain Drive Efficiency” J.</p><p>Mech. Des. Dec 2001, 123(4): 598-605 (8 pages), doi:10.1115/1.1412848.</p><p>[3] Ebhota Williams S, Ademola Emmanuel, Oghenekaro Peter., ‘‘Fundamentals of</p><p>Sprocket Design and Reverse Engineering of Rear Sprocket of a Yamaha CY80</p><p>Motorcycle”, International Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume 4</p><p>No. 4, April,2014.</p><p>[4] M. Santhoshkumar ‘‘Modification of Rear Sprocket in Two-Wheeler for</p><p>Improve the Vehicle Performances” International Journal of Innovative</p><p>Science and Research Technology ,Volume 3, Issue 3, March– 2018 , ISSN</p><p>No:-2456-2165.</p><p>[5] Chun-Lin Chen ‘‘Torque Control of Power-Assisted Bike via Planetary Gear</p><p>Mechanism” 2017 20th International Conference on Electrical Machines and</p><p>Systems (ICEMS), doi: 10.1109/ICEMS.2017.8056232.</p><p>[6] Pruthviraj Shinde ‘‘Optimum Sprocket Ratio for vehicle based on Modelling</p><p>and Simulation”IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED</p><p>SCIENCES,VOLUME VI, ISSUE IV, APRIL/2019,pp: 07-12, ISSN NO: 2394-8442.</p><p>[7] Anup Behera, Development and evaluation of a hand operated double chain-</p><p>sprocket winnower for cereal crops, Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 9 (3)</p><p>(2020), https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.903.102.</p><p>[8] Abhishek Kukudkar ‘‘Design and Fabrication of Hybrid Torque Bicycle”</p><p>International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology|</p><p>Volume 2 | Issue 10 | March 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-6010.</p><p>[9] Sagar N. Vasoya ‘‘Development of Sprocket to Improvement the Torque for Off</p><p>Road Bike” 3rd International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research &</p><p>Practice Volume IV Issue I ,ISSN 2321-2705.</p><p>[10] A.A. Meshref, ‘‘Influence of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Strain</p><p>Hardening Exponent and Strength Coefficient of AISI 4140 Alloy Steel”</p><p>International Journal of Engineering and Information Systems (IJEAIS) ISSN:</p><p>2643-640X Vol. 3 Issue 7, July – 2019, Pages: 41-46.</p><p>[11] Yang Li ‘‘Microstructure, mechanical and adhesive properties of CrN/</p><p>CrTiAlSiN/ WCrTiAlN multilayer coatings deposited on nitrided AISI 4140</p><p>steel” doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2018.11.017.</p><p>[12] Saeid Amini ‘‘Analysis of linear vibration in rotary turning of AISI 4140 stee”</p><p>Int J Adv Manuf Technol doi: 10.1007/s00170-017-0108-5.</p><p>[13] Om Prakash Suryawanshi ‘‘Parametric Study of Chain Sprocket, Compare</p><p>between Mild Steel and Cast Iron Chain Sprocket using Finite Element</p><p>Analysis” - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.</p><p>7, Issue 05, 2019 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613.</p><p>of horse power and torque in two wheeler’s by using sprockets, Materials</p><p>http://refhub.elsevier.com/S2214-7853(20)34841-0/h0005</p><p>http://refhub.elsevier.com/S2214-7853(20)34841-0/h0005</p><p>https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.903.102</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>8 S. Raghuvaran et al. /Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx</p><p>[14] Jin-Kyu Choi, Predicting the hardening depth of a sprocket by finite element</p><p>analysis and its experimental validation for an induction hardening process, J.</p><p>Mech. Sci. Technol. 32 (3) (2018) 1235–1241, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-</p><p>018-0227-4.</p><p>[15] Shweta Matey ‘‘DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTRIC BIKE” International</p><p>Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 3,</p><p>March 2017, pp. 245–253 Article ID: IJMET_08_03_027.</p><p>[16] Murtaza Harnesswala ‘‘Design and Analysis of a Sprocket-Hub Assembly”</p><p>International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management</p><p>Volume-3, Issue-3, March-2020| ISSN (Online): 2581-5792.</p><p>[17] Sanjay B. Zope, Amol R. Patil, Swapnil Wakale, Design and analysis of chainless</p><p>transmission, Int. J. Sci. Tech. Advance. 2 (2) (2016) 79–82.</p><p>[18] Tejas Raval ‘‘Improved Cost-Effective Design of Man-Powered Tricycle/</p><p>Rickshaw” International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering</p><p>(IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-2, July 2019.</p><p>[19] SYED KAREEMULLA ‘‘SHOWING AND ANALYSIS OF CHAIN SPROCKET” IJIEMR,</p><p>Volume 07, Issue 09, Page No: 243 – 249.</p><p>[20] UDUTHA SURYA PRAKASH ‘‘DEVISE AND FATIQUE ANALYSIS OF CHAIN</p><p>SPROCKET” Journal of enngineering sciences, vol 10, Issue 12, Dec/2019,</p><p>ISSN NO : 0377-9254.</p><p>[21] Bing Chen, Analysis and simulation on dynamic stress of tracked vehicle</p><p>sprocket based on rigid-flexible coupling, Adv. Mater. Res. 199–200 (2011)</p><p>1358–1361, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.199-200.1358.</p><p>Please cite this article as: S. Raghuvaran, B. Ashok, B. Veluchamy et al., Varying</p><p>Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>[22] P. Ramesh ‘‘DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CHAIN DRIVE POWER TRANSMISSION</p><p>FROM STATIONARY TO OSCILLATING DEVICES” International Research Journal</p><p>of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue:</p><p>03 | Mar 2019.</p><p>[23] Parag Nikam ‘‘Design Optimization Of Chain Sprocket Using Finite Element</p><p>Analysis ” Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application ISSN : 2248-</p><p>9622, Vol. 6, Issue 9,(Part-5) Sepember.2016, pp.66-69.</p><p>[24] Prafulla M. Giakwad ‘‘Paper On Design and Analysis Of Sprocket For Power</p><p>Transmission” International Journal of Engineering Science & Advanced</p><p>Technology Volume-6, Issue-3, 170-179, ISSN: 2250-3676.</p><p>[25] Y Madhu Maheswara Reddy ‘‘FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF CHAIN SPROCKET USING</p><p>FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS” International Journal of Advance Engineering and</p><p>Research Development Volume 5, Issue 04, April -2018, ISSN : 2348-6406.</p><p>Further Reading</p><p>[1] K. Chinna Maddaiah, Design and analysis of chain sprocket using reverse</p><p>engineering, IOP Conf. Series: Mater. Sci. Eng. 455 (2018), https://doi.org/</p><p>10.1088/1757-899X/455/1/012123 012123.</p><p>of horse power and torque in two wheeler’s by using sprockets, Materials</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-018-0227-4</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-018-0227-4</p><p>http://refhub.elsevier.com/S2214-7853(20)34841-0/h0085</p><p>http://refhub.elsevier.com/S2214-7853(20)34841-0/h0085</p><p>https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.199-200.1358</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/455/1/012123</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/455/1/012123</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.368</p><p>Varying of horse power and torque in two wheeler’s by using sprockets</p><p>1 Introduction</p><p>2 Material for sprockets</p><p>3 Construction</p><p>4 Working</p><p>5 Analysis</p><p>6 Conclusion</p><p>Declaration of Competing Interest</p><p>References</p><p>Further Reading</p>