Desafios e Soluções em Energia Renovável

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<p>LÍ</p><p>N</p><p>G</p><p>U</p><p>A</p><p>IN</p><p>G</p><p>LE</p><p>SA</p><p>81</p><p>we face monumental challenges: global warming, the waning</p><p>of natural resources, explosions in population growth, increa-</p><p>sing energy demand, rising energy prices, and unequal distri-</p><p>bution of energy sources. All of these factors(a) contribute to</p><p>the urgent need(b) to transform the energy sector(c) - which</p><p>primarily relies on fossil fuels(d) - to one that uses renewable</p><p>energies and energy efficient measures(e).</p><p>Renewable energy is one of the key solutions to the current</p><p>challenges facing the world’s energy future. Many countries</p><p>already foster the production and use of renewable energy</p><p>through different approaches on a political and economic level</p><p>because they recognise the many benefits renewable energy</p><p>provides. The current use of renewable energy, however,</p><p>is still limited in spite of its vast potential. The obstacles are</p><p>manifold and include: lengthy permitting procedures, import</p><p>tariffs and technical barriers, insecure financing of renewable</p><p>energy projects, and insufficient awareness of the opportuni-</p><p>ties for renewable energy.</p><p>This is where the International Renewable Energy Agency</p><p>(IRENA) can play a role. A major task of the Agency is to develop</p><p>comprehensive solutions to the above- mentioned challenges,</p><p>such as fostering all types of renewable energy, and to con-</p><p>sider various renewable energy policies at the local, regional,</p><p>and national levels.</p><p>IRENA was officially established in Bonn on 26 January</p><p>2009. To date 142 states and the European Union signed the</p><p>Statute of the Agency; amongst them are 48 African, 37 Euro-</p><p>pean, 33 Asian, 15 American and 9 Australia/Oceania States.</p><p>Mandated by these governments worldwide, IRENA will promo-</p><p>te the widespread and increased adoption and sustainable use</p><p>of all forms or renewable energy. Acting as the global voice for</p><p>renewable energies, IRENA will facilitate access to all relevant</p><p>renewable energy information, including technical data, eco-</p><p>nomic data and renewable resource potential data. IRENA will</p><p>share experiences on best practices and lessons learned regar-</p><p>ding policy frameworks, capacity-building projects, available</p><p>finance mechanisms and energy efficiency measures related to</p><p>renewable energy projects.</p><p>In fulfilling its work, IRENA considers specific environmen-</p><p>tal, economic, and socio-cultural conditions of its Members. The</p><p>active involvement of stakeholders from the energy industry,</p><p>academia, civil society, and other institutions is very important</p><p>for the Agency to implement successful and enduring policy</p><p>solutions. Therefore, it intends to regularly consult and</p><p>cooperate with organisations and networks already engaged in</p><p>the field of renewable energy in order to complement and pool</p><p>their work resources, thus creating added value.</p><p>http://www.irena.org/, access on March 14, 2010. (Adapted)</p><p>In the fragment “which primarily relies on fossil fuels” the</p><p>pronoun ‘which’ refers to</p><p>a) “...these factors...”</p><p>b) “...urgent need...”</p><p>c) “...energy sector”</p><p>d) “...fossil fuels”</p><p>e) “...energy efficient measures.”</p><p>GABARITO</p><p>1 D 9 B</p><p>2 B 10 A</p><p>3 C 11 C</p><p>4 C 12 E</p><p>5 A 13 D</p><p>6 E 14 D</p><p>7 C 15 E</p><p>8 D 16 E</p><p>17 C 67 D</p><p>18 D 68 C</p><p>19 E 69 D</p><p>20 A 70 C</p><p>21 D 71 D</p><p>22 C 72 B</p><p>23 B 73 A</p><p>24 A 74 D</p><p>25 E 75 E</p><p>26 B 76 B</p><p>27 D 77 C</p><p>28 A 78 D</p><p>29 B 79 B</p><p>30 D 80 D</p><p>31 A 81 E</p><p>32 E 82 A</p><p>33 B 83 C</p><p>34 E 84 C</p><p>35 A 85 B</p><p>36 D 86 A</p><p>37 A 87 A</p><p>38 D 88 E</p><p>39 B 89 A</p><p>40 D 90 C</p><p>41 E 91 D</p><p>42 A 92 B</p><p>43 E 93 B</p><p>44 C 94 E</p><p>45 B 95 B</p><p>46 D 96 D</p><p>47 D 97 E</p><p>48 A 98 A</p><p>49 C 99 C</p><p>50 A 100 A</p><p>51 B 101 B</p><p>52 D 102 D</p><p>53 E 103 B</p><p>54 E 104 C</p><p>55 D 105 B</p><p>56 D 106 E</p><p>57 C 107 E</p><p>58 C 108 D</p><p>59 B 109 A</p><p>60 C 110 E</p><p>61 D 111 B</p><p>62 A 112 C</p><p>63 B 113 D</p><p>64 C 114 C</p><p>65 E 115 E</p><p>66 D 116 A</p>