ingles aula 9

Prévia do material em texto

CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
 -1- 
 
AULA 9 
 
LOOKING BACK ON PREVIOUS LESSONS 
 
U.S. Wants WTO Ministerial Meeting After Session in Hong Kong 
 
Washington - U.S. Trade Representative Rob Portman is urging countries to 
advance the long-stalled World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations at the 
December Hong Kong ministerial meeting and asserted that trade ministers 
should meet again soon after to keep the negotiations on track. 
 "I believe we ought to have another meeting," Portman said November 22 5 
at a press conference in Geneva. "Without a meeting, without setting up sort of 
a backstop, it’s tough to make progress … We need to continue to push, keep 
the pressure on, to meet the end of 2006 deadline." 
 Portman made the comments after meeting with ministers from Brazil, 
the European Union (EU), India and Japan. 10 
 Launched in 2001 and stalled almost from the start over politically 
difficult agricultural trade issues, the negotiations, formally called the Doha 
Development Agenda, were originally scheduled to conclude in 2005. 
 Since then, participants have pressed for conclusion by December 2006, 
which would give the United States time to submit any agreement to Congress 15 
before the president’s negotiating authority, called trade promotion authority or 
fast track, expires in mid-2007. 
 When the United States submitted an agriculture proposal October 10 to 
substantially reduce domestic support payments to farmers and tariffs, Portman 
said the aim was to revive chances for the December 13-18 Hong Kong meeting 20 
to set the modalities -- the details and deadlines -- necessary for concluding the 
negotiations a year later. 
 That aim was frustrated, however, when a subsequent EU agriculture 
proposal was found by other participants to offer no real increased market 
access. Outside the EU, food-importing developed countries and major 25 
developing countries issued statements rejecting market-opening concessions. 
 Still, at the November 22 press conference Portman said that, although 
the Hong Kong ministerial will not establish modalities, the United States 
remains committed to concluding an agreement with real substance. 
 "While expectations for Hong Kong have been lowered, and while Hong 30 
Kong will not be all we had hoped it would be," he said, "the U.S. continues to 
have very high expectations." (By Bruce Odessey Washington File Staff Writer)
Visit http://usinfo.state.gov 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -2- 
 
 
Pre-testing Vocabulary 
 
No quadro seguinte você encontra transparent words associadas a outras não 
tão evidentes. Faça o skimming do texto e, sem dicionário, tente traduzi-las. 
 
A B 
1. the long-stalled negotiations a. ( ) instalar um tipo de proteção 
2. keep the negotiations on track b. ( ) comprometidos em fechar o acordo 
3. setting up sort of a backstop c. ( ) as expectativas diminuíram 
4. committed to concluding an agreement d. ( ) negociações há muito emperradas 
5. expectations have been lowered e. ( ) manter as negociações nos eixos 
 
 
ANALYSIS OF TEXT 1 
 
1. Escreva um exemplo retirado do text 1 nos Verb tenses below: 
 
Present continuous ____________________________________________ 
Present simple _________________________________________________ 
Past simple ___________________________________________________ 
Present perfect _________________________________________________ 
Future Simple __________________________________________________ 
Past perfect ____________________________________________________ 
 
 
2. Escreva dois exemplos de construções na voz passive: 
________________________________________________________________ 
________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
3. Como você traduz a expressão em negrito no seguinte 
fragmento do texto?: 
 “the United States remains committed to concluding an agreement 
with real substance…” (L- 28/29) 
________________________________________________________________ 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -3- 
 
 
Reading Comprehension – Answer in Portuguese: 
 
 
1. Após reunir-se com representantes do Brasil, da Europa do Japão por que 
Rob Portman sugere uma nova reunião após Hong Kong? 
_________________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
2. Porque motivo as negociações sobre comércio travaram logo depois de seu 
início em 2001? 
_________________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
3. Quais os motivos que reduzem consideravelmente as chances de sucesso da 
reunião dos ministros do comércio em Hong Kong? 
_________________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
4. A expressão ‘Since then’ (L 14) está usada no texto para indicar o quê? 
_________________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
5. Que idéia indica a palavra ‘still’ (L-27) como marcadora do discurso? 
_________________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
6. Que idéia indica a palavra ‘while’ (L-30) como marcadora do discurso? 
_________________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
7. É possível parafrasear o fragmento ‘the long-stalled WTO negotiations…” 
(L-2) da seguinte forma: The WTO negotiations that have not advanced for a 
long time. True ( ) or False ( )? 
 
 
8. In "I believe we ought to have another meeting," (L-5) o modal verb 
“ought to” pode ser substituído por “should” sem prejuízo do sentido. 
True ( ) or False ( )? 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -4- 
 
 
WORD FORMS: PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 
 
 É fundamental que você acredite no estudo que vem realizando. Se você 
chega à AULA 9 de um curso programado para dez aulas e não é capaz de pôr 
em prática os ensinamentos ministrados, de duas uma: ou não está estudando 
suficientemente ou ao professor falta demonstrar o encadeamento didático do 
material apresentado. Well (faltava um well), desta vez vamos fazer um 
verdadeiro ‘affix rally’ –juntar prefixos e sufixos num estudo abrangente. No 
final desta aula disponibilizamos uma coletânea com os principais AFFIXES 
para sua referência. Não deixe de estudá-los para o simulado que vamos propor 
após a AULA 10. 
 Com o propósito de lhes dar maior confiança neste estudo vamos repassar 
vários exemplos de palavras com formação prefixal e sufixal no texto 1. First, 
em ministerial meeting, a reunião dos trade ministers (=ministros do 
comércio), evidentemente ministerial pertence à família da palavra minister e 
você chega ao significado em português com facilidade. Em WTO 
negotiations (= negociações da OMC) o substantivo negotiations pertence à 
família do verbo regular negotiate, do adjetivo negotiable, ou do seu 
antônimo non-negotable, e vai por aí. 
 Em press conference (= conferência de imprensa), conference é 
substantivo derivado do verbo regular confer. Na expressão keep the 
pressure on (=manter a pressão sobre) você tem o substantivo pressure, da 
mesma família do verbo regular press (= pressionar) e do substantivo press (= 
imprensa) supracitado. Em politically difficult =(= politicamente difíceis) aí 
esta o advérbio com a terminação –mente de que tanto falamos. No fragmento 
‘participants have pressed for conclusion’, o substantivo participants 
(= participantes) é da mesma família do verbo regular participate, e 
conclusion (= conclusão) da mesma família do verbo regularconclude. Em 
‘submit any agreement’, tem-se o substantivo agreement (= acordo) 
formado com o acréscimo do sufixo –ment ao regular verb to agree. Você 
reconhece em ‘agriculture proposal’ o substantive proposal (= proposta) 
derivado de o regular verb to propose? 
 Last but not least, observe em ‘expectations lowered’, ambas as 
palavras podem ser dissecadas: expectations vem do verbo expect e 
lowered, particípio passado do verbo to lower (= diminuir). 
 Como você percebe os prefixos e sufixos aparecem dezenas de vezes em 
textos de todas as espécies. Familiarize-se sempre mais com eles e sua leitura 
será indubitavelmente mais fluente.Faça os exercícios que se seguem e procure 
traduzir as frases curtas. No final confronte seu trabalho com minha tradução. 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -5- 
 
I - Use the prefixes in the box to complete the sentences below: 
 
IL- IR IM IN UN 
 
1. The witness’s account of the facts was rather ___-accurate. 
2. I’m not going to do it because it’s against the law. It’s ___-legal. 
3. We all expect judges to be ____-partial. 
4. As the leader, he had to take ____-popular decisions. 
5. I was drawn to the place by some kind of ____-resistible force. 
 
II - Use the prefixes in the box to complete the sentences below: 
 
MIS- DIS- NON- IN- UN- 
 
1. Don’t cheat on the exam or you’ll be ___-qualified. 
2. Make a decision. Why do you always have to be so ___-decisive? 
3. She’s been feeling so ___-sure. 
4. There must some ___-understanding. This is not what I meant. 
5. Mr. Lombard said he worked for a ___-profit organization. 
 
III - Add the suffixes in the box to the nouns in parentheses. 
 
-ISH -ABLE -OUS -IC -IVE 
 
1. Doctor Sales found out that Julia was _________ (allergy) to penicillin. 
2. You have to read the _________ (class) authors. 
3. Share your room with your cousin. Be less _________ (self), Gene. 
4. That snake is _________ (poison). Be careful. 
5. Freddy’s business is very _________ (profit). 
 
IV - Add the suffixes in the box to the nouns in parentheses. 
 
-FUL -IBLE -LY -AL -Y 
 
1. Samantha has a _________ (love) child. 
2. Because of Julia’s hypertension she can’t eat _________ (salt) food. 
3. We have to remain ________ (watch) so that another robbery does not 
happen again. 
4. I hated that scene. It was _________ (horror). 
5. My father loves _________ (class) music. 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -6- 
 
 
VOCABULARY BUILD UP 
 
 Para fins didáticos dividi o artigo “Unleashing Growth Through Sound 
Developing Policies” (Promovendo o Crescimento através de Políticas de 
Desenvolvimento Saudáveis) em dez excerpts. Como lhes disse antes este é o 
tipo do exercício que cada um pode preparar a seu bel prazer. 
 
 Eight words have been removed from the excerpts. Complete with 
the words from the box paying attention to the meaning and 
structure of the mini-texts. 
 
 
Mini-text 1: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies 
 
 sponsored business gather join 
 accomplished successful pledged key 
 
 In September 2000, 189 nations agreed to ____________ (1) forces in a 
fight against poverty, illiteracy, hunger, lack of education, gender inequality, 
child and maternal mortality, disease, and environmental degradation. These 
countries, including the United States, __________ (2) to take bold decisions to 
make development a reality for all nations. On September 14, 2005, five years 
after that historic meeting, leaders from more than 170 nations will 
____________ (3) at the United Nations in New York City to take measure of 
the progress made to date. While much remains to be __________ (4), the 
progress has been substantial. 
 The 2000 meeting gave the political impetus for reform, but it was two 
years later, at the 2002 United Nations-___________ (5) International 
Conference on Financing for Development held in Mexico, that leaders agreed 
to the definitive framework for ___________ (6) development called the 
Monterrey Consensus. At that meeting, developing countries and donors alike, 
with input from civil society and the __________ (7) community, embraced 
good governance, domestic ownership of development strategies, trade, and 
private investment as ___________ (8) elements of economic growth and 
prosperity. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt I) 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -7- 
 
 
Mini-text 2: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies 
 
nearly eradication sustainable corruption 
beyond mechanisms assistance industrialized 
 
 In Africa, for example, many leaders are now working through the New 
Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) process, linking poverty 
___________ (1) to policies that promote ___________ (2) growth and trade, 
good governance, and the fight against the pernicious evil of __________ (3). 
 For its part, the United States has increased its official development 
assistance (ODA) even _________ (4) President Bush’s 2002 Monterrey 
pledge. Since 2000, American assistance has __________ (5) doubled, rising 
from $10 billion to $19 billion in 2004. That constitutes one-quarter of the ODA 
from the 30 ___________ (6) member countries of the Organization for 
Economic Cooperation and Development. 
 History has shown, however, that the amount of development 
__________ (7) is less important than the uses to which it is put and the 
implementation __________ (8) used to carry out programs. It is essential, 
therefore, that increases in ODA be matched by increases in effectiveness and 
sustainability. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 2) 
 
Mini-text 3: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies 
 
 sources growth donations commitment 
 assistance figures contributions institutions 
 
 Countries that have proven their ___________ (1) to change and reform, 
governing justly, investing in their people, and maintaining policies and 
___________ (2) that support market-led ___________ (3) will receive billions 
of dollars in the coming years from another of President Bush's initiatives: the 
Millennium Challenge Corporation. 
 But the United States gives far more development ___________ (4) than 
is reflected in ODA statistics. ___________ (5) from the private sector, for 
example, whether corporations, private voluntary organizations, or 
nongovernmental organizations, are not counted as official development 
assistance. And yet these private ___________ (6) of capital account for a large 
percentage of what the people of the United States contribute to development 
every year. According to ___________ (7) released by the Hudson Institute, a 
nonpartisan policy research organization, U.S. private ___________ (8) to 
developing countries exceeded $62 billion in 2003. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID 
Administrator // Excerpt 3) 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -8- 
 
Mini-text 4: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies 
 
 relief partners development further 
 resources failure achievement advantage 
 
 The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has tried to 
take __________ (1) of these new sources of development assistance in recent 
years, joining forces with socially responsible private sector organizations in 
our Global Development Alliance. Since 2002, we have invested $1 billion in 
290 public-private alliances in 98 countries, while our private sector _________ 
(2) have contributed morethan $3.7 billion in total __________ (3). 
 Too often, humanitarian ____________ (4) has been treated as if it were 
somehow separate from development and the ___________ (5) of the goals set 
forth in the 2000 Millennium Declaration. It is not. The ___________ (6) to 
respond to food emergencies in countries in Africa and elsewhere can only lead 
to ___________ (7) instability and make their ____________ (8) even more 
difficult. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 4) 
 
Mini-text 5: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies 
 
 founder path respond health 
 conflict totals separate family 
 
 Too often, humanitarian relief has been treated as if it were somehow 
__________ (1) from development and the achievement of the goals set forth in 
the 2000 Millennium Declaration. It is not. The failure to __________ (2) to 
food emergencies in countries in Africa and elsewhere can only lead to further 
instability and make their development even more difficult. 
 To help states caught up in crisis and _________(3) return to stability and 
put their economies on the _________ (4) to sustained growth, President Bush 
recently announced that the United States will provide an additional $674 
million for humanitarian emergencies in Africa this year. This is beyond the 
approximately $1.4 billion already committed. 
 As a ___________ (5) and largest donor of the Global Fund to Fight 
HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, the United States also provided $459 
million to the fund in 2004. The U.S. contribution for all of its HIV/AIDS 
programs __________ (6) more than $2.8 billion in the current fiscal year. In 
addition, we provide approximately $435 million annually for voluntary 
_________ (7) planning and maternal __________ (8) care to 60 countries. (By 
Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 5) 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -9- 
 
 
Mini-text 6: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies 
 
 experience considerable wealth mission 
 revenues articulated poverty agency 
 
 Achieving the goals __________ (1) in the Millennium Declaration is 
very much in the interests of the United States and central to the mission of 
USAID. As the first-ever bilateral development _________ (2) - and still the 
largest - we have had ___________ (3) stake in the process and more than 40 
years of __________ (4) in what works and what does not. That is why we put 
so much emphasis on economic growth. Simply put: Without trade, there can be 
no sustained economic growth. Without economic growth, there will be no 
increase in tax __________ (5) to support improved public services. Without 
growth and services, there will be no increase in _________ (6) and reduction in 
___________ (7) Unless foreign aid contributes to economic growth, it is 
failing to achieve its primary __________ (8). (By Andrew Natsios – USAID 
Administrator // Excerpt 6) 
 
Mini-text 7: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies 
 
 debt components forefront benefit 
 owed liberalization incomes reach 
 
 There are several __________ (1) of a successful economic growth 
program. One of the most important, we have learned, is trade. The United 
States has long led the world in trade __________ (2), and USAID devotes 
substantial resources to helping countries participate successfully in trade 
negotiations and enter the World Trade Organization (WTO). Liberalizing trade 
laws and participating fully in the global economy does not just __________ (3) 
developed countries. The completion of the WTO Doha Development Round 
could add $200 billion annually to developing countries’ __________ (4) and 
lift more than 500 million people out of poverty. 
 For several years, the United States has been at the __________ (5) of the 
movement to ease the Third World’s __________ (6) burdens. The United 
States and other G8 countries have called for 100 percent cancellation of many 
debt obligations __________ (7) to the World Bank, the African Development 
Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. This could result in approximately 
$40 billion in immediate debt relief - and it could __________ (8) more than 
$56 billion if all the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries become eligible. (By 
Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 7) 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -10- 
 
 
Mini-text 8: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies 
 
mobilized estimates property assets 
immense inability borders tapped 
 
 Another __________ (1) source of potential revenue for the developing 
countries of the world lies within their own __________ (2). The report of the 
U.N. Commission on the Private Sector and Development - Unleashing 
Entrepreneurship: Making Business Work for the Poor - __________ (3) that 
developing countries have $9.4 trillion dollars in private financial __________ 
(4) that cannot be fully __________ (5) for development, largely because of 
corruption and inadequate legal protections for __________ (6) and contracts. 
Further, as the Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto has shown in a number of 
his works, the _________ (7) of millions of Third World people to capitalize on 
their homes and businesses due to overly rigid property and titling regulations 
suggests that a great reservoir of wealth remains to be __________ (8) in many 
developing nations. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 8) 
 
 
Mini-text 9: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies 
 
 wealthiest fostering devised enforce 
 consumers competitive goals confidence 
 
 A ____________ (1), well-regulated private market is indispensable 
because it is the most effective institution ever ____________ (2) for allocating 
resources efficiently, for ____________ (3) innovation, and for communicating 
information that helps ____________ (4) and producers make decisions. It is no 
coincidence that the ____________ (5) and most developed countries of the 
world are all free market democracies. Regulatory frameworks that build 
_____________ (6) in private markets, protect property, ____________ (7) 
contracts, and generally respect the rule of law are essential if developing 
nations are to achieve the ____________ (8) of the Millennium Declaration. (By 
Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 9) 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -11- 
 
 
Mini-text 10: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies 
 
 debating barriers blazed persistence 
 choices register basic challenge 
 
 According to a World Bank study, in one developing country, it takes 203 
days to ____________ (1) a business, while in another enforcing a contract 
takes 1,459 days. With ____________ (2) to business formation and 
entrepreneurship such as these, businesses remain small and in the informal 
sector. There is no point in ____________ (3) whether official development 
assistance should be $68 billion or $100 billion or $195 billion when the most 
____________ (4) policies for generating wealth are not in place. 
 Ending poverty is a serious ____________ (5). Building effective and 
equitable economic institutions takes time, ____________ (6), and reform. 
Policies must be put in place to safeguard the most vulnerable members of 
society. The good news is that many countries have already ____________ (7) a 
trail and that the United States and the international community will help those 
prepared to help themselves. With the right ____________ (8), we have a good 
chance of reaching the goals we set for ourselves at Monterreyand in the 
Millennium Declaration. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 10) 
 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -12- 
 
 
LIGHTEN UP! 
 
I – ANGUISHED LOVER 
 
 An elderly man was sitting on a park bench in tears. A police officer 
came up and asked him what was wrong. “I’m 85 years old,” sobbed the man. “I 
have a 25-year-old wife at home. She is beautiful, charming and madly in love 
with me.” 
 “So what's the problem?” 
 “I can't remember where I live!” 
 (Tom Pennington in Louisville Courier Journal) 
 
 
II - A GEM OF AN IDEA 
 
 A parable told by William Cunningham, education adviser to Gov. 
George Deukmejian of California: 
 A man was out walking in the desert when a voice said to him, “Pick up 
some pebbles and put them in your pocket, and tomorrow you will he both sorry 
and glad.” 
 The man obeyed. He stooped down and picked up a handful of pebbles 
and put them in his pocket. The next morning he reached into his pocket and 
found diamonds and rubies and emeralds. And he was both glad and sorry. Glad 
that he had taken some - sorry that he hadn't taken more. 
 And so it is with education. 
 
Which one did you like better: the old man’s joke in I or the parable 
in II? Why? 
 
_________________________________________________________________________ 
_________________________________________________________________________ 
_________________________________________________________________________ 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -13- 
 
 
WARM UP FOR MOCK TEST 
 
 The mock test (=exame simulado) date is drawing near. Do the next 
questions as if they were part of your exam. Good Luck! 
 
Read the text below then choose the best option to answer questions 1 to 4 
 
Meetings Fail To Advance WTO Negotiations, U.S. Officials Say 
Washington – December’s trade ministers meeting in Hong Kong should 
continue work toward consensus even though key parties have failed again to 
produce a framework for concluding the long-stalled World Trade Organization 
(WTO) negotiations, U.S. Trade Representative Rob Portman says. 
 Portman and U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Mike Johanns said that WTO 
participants should keep working hard to make progress before the Hong Kong 
meeting. 
 The two officials November 9 conducted a teleconference with reporters 
in the United States from aboard an airplane carrying them from Geneva to 
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, where they are scheduled to meet with sub-
Saharan African officials to discuss cotton trade. 
 He said the United States still intends to push hard for consensus over the 
coming weeks. And Johanns called premature any notion of ending the 
negotiations, which are formally called the Doha Development Agenda. 
 "It would be a grave mistake to declare this round at an end at the Hong 
Kong meeting," Johanns said. "There is still an entire year ahead of us when we 
can work aggressively to have a successful Doha round, and we are committed 
to doing that." (By Bruce Odessey, Washington File Staff Writer) 
Visit: http://usinfo.state.gov/ei/Archive/2005/Nov09-445315.html 
 
 
1. In relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations the 
author says that 
a) trade ministers will hardly reach a consensus in Hong Kong. 
b) they have not advanced for quite a while. 
c) will rely on the trade ministers’ consensus. 
d) depend on the production of a framework. 
e) may progress in Hong Kong at last. 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -14- 
 
 
2. It’s possible to infer as to the Doha round that it 
a) should depend on the Hong Kong meeting. 
b) might bring some progress. 
c) will fail to produce expected results. 
d) might be canceled. 
e) should be held in December 2006. 
 
 
3. The expression “even though” (L-2), 1st pr. indicates 
a) addition and could be replaced by moreover 
b) emphasis and could be replaced by indeed. 
c) concession and could be replaced by although. 
d) purpose and could be replaced by thus. 
e) contrast and could be replaced by nevertheless. 
 
 
4. According to the two American officials 
a) key parties won’t be able to produce the appropriate framework for the 
Doha round of negotiations. 
b) just the Secretary of Agriculture a and a U.S. trade representative are not 
enough to reflect the North American policy on this issue. 
c) WTO participants should strive to make progress before the trade 
ministers’ meeting in Hong Kong. 
d) the atmosphere preceding the Hong Kong meeting is one of undeniable 
pessimism about reaching any consensus. 
e) demonstrated they are somewhat helpless to combat the key parties 
failure to work toward consensus. 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -15- 
 
 
Alguns comentários antes do gabarito 
 
 Se você é bom observador notou que nesta nona aula procuramos repassar 
variados pontos. Tenha em mente que, a não ser em textos adaptados, nenhum 
autor escreve um determinado essay, article ou report para que se estude o 
present simple, o past tense, present perfect, prepositions, passive 
voice, etc. O autor escreve para passar sua mensagem, para discorrer sobre 
determinado assunto. 
 
 Como você viu no text 1 desta aula, lá estão os modal verbs pipocando 
aqui e ali, os verb tenses acima citados e outros, os prefixes e suffixes 
aparecem em profusão, os exemplos de discourse markers, e até alguns 
exemplos de passive voice. 
 
 Devo dizer, honestamente, que não escolhi o texto inicial para demonstrar 
estes pontos. Actually, escolhi o text 1 porque se tratava de um 
desdobramento do assunto: reunião dos trade ministers em Hong Kong - 
mesmo tópico do texto com as questões que já havia proposto num simulado 
aqui no RJ e que, aqui, estão funcionando como warm up para o nosso 
simulado depois da AULA 10. 
 
 Acredito que tenha conseguido provar o meu ponto. Eu não tive que 
buscar desesperadamente um texto que falasse de todos os assuntos que vimos 
estudando; eles simplesmente estavam lá. Provavelmente, será isso que 
acontecerá no dia da sua prova. Esses mesmos pontos fundamentais estarão lá e, 
aí, tudo vai depender de como a banca examinadora irá explorá-los. 
 
 Portanto, keep in mind that a probabilidade de não aparecer nenhum 
dos tópicos que estamos estudando é zero. A não ser, é claro, que você tenha 
pegado a prova de espanhol por engano! 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -16- 
 
 
ANSWERS 
 
Pre-testing Vocabulary 
a. 3 // b. 4 // c. 5 // d. 1 // e. 2 
 
Verb Tenses 
 
Present continuous: is urging (L-1) 
 
Present simple: We need (L-7) 
 
Past simple: Portman made (L-9), the United States submitted 
 
Present perfect: have pressed (L-14), 
 
Future simple: will not establish (L-28), Hong Kong will not be (L-32) 
 
Past perfect: all we had hoped, 
 
 
Passive voice Items: 
 
Quaisquer dois dos seguintes exemplos: 
 
That aim was frustrated, … // when a subsequent EU agriculture proposal was 
found by other participants,… // expectations for Hong Kong have been 
lowered … 
 
Translation of the text fragment: 
 
In “the United States remains committed to concluding an agreement 
with real substance…” (L- 28/29) 
 
Apesar de o verbo concluding apresentar-se com a forma ...ing 
usamos o infinitivo na tradução por causa da preposição to exigida 
pelo verbo committed. Portanto: os EUA permanecem determinados 
a concluir um acordo ... é a melhortradução do trecho. 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -17- 
 
 
Reading Comprehension 
 
1. Para estabelecer uma base de proteção uma vez que progredir nas 
negociações é tarefa árdua. 
 
2. Logo de início, em 2001, por causa da questão de comercialização dos 
produtos agrícolas. 
 
3. As chances de sucesso na reunião em Hong Kong ficaram sensivelmente 
reduzidas após constatar-se que a proposta da União Européia não representava 
nenhum aumento real de acesso aos mercados. 
 
2. A expressão since then (= desde então) indica tempo decorrido desde o 
lançamento em 2001. 
 
5. A palavra still (= contudo, todavia) é usada como uma transitional word ou 
marcadora do discurso e não como advérbio. Aqui marca oposição ou contraste. 
 
6. A palavra while (= apesar de)é usada como uma transitional word ou 
marcadora do discurso. Igualmente, aqui está indicando oposição ou contraste. 
 
True or False? 
7. (T) Ought to pode ser substituído por should 
 
8. (T) A tradução “the long-stalled WTO negotiations é: ‘as negociaações 
travadas há longo tempo’ 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -18- 
 
 
Prefixes // Suffixes 
I. 
 
1. [INACCURATE] O relato dos fatos apresentado pela testemunha foi 
impreciso (OU inexato) 
2. [ILLEGAL] Não vou fazer isto porque é contra a lei; é ilegal. 
3. [IMPARTIAL] Todos nós esperamos que juízes sejam imparciais. 
4. [UNPOPULAR] Na qualidade de líder tinha que tomar decisões 
impopulares. 
5. [IRRESISTIBLE] Fui arrastado para o local por um tipo de força irresistível. 
 
II. 
 
1. [DISQUALIFIED] Não cole no exame ou você será desclassificado. 
2. [INDECISIVE] Tome uma decisão. Por que você tem que ser sempre tão 
indeciso? 
3. [UNSURE] Ela tem se sentido tão insegura. 
4. [MISUNDERSTANDING] Deve haver algum mal-entendido. Não era isso 
que eu queria dizer. 
5. [NON-PROFIT] Mr. Lombard disse que trabalhava para uma organização 
não lucrativa. 
 
III 
 
1. [ALLERGIC] O Doutor Sales descobriu que a Julie era alérgica à penicilina. 
2. [CLASSIC] Você tem que ler os autores clássicos. 
3. [SELFISH] Divida seu quarto com sua prima. Não seja tão egoísta, Gene. 
4. [POISONOUS] Aquela cobra é venenosa. Tenha cuidado. 
5. [PROFITABLE] A empresa do Freddy é muito lucrative. 
 
IV 
 
1. [LOVELY] Samantha tem um / uma filho /a adorável. 
2. [SALTY] Por causa de sua hipertensão Julie não pode comer comidas 
salgadas. 
3. [WATCHFUL] Temos que permanecer vigilantes a fim de que outro roubo 
não ocorra novamente. 
4. [HORRIBLE] Detestei aquela cena. É horrível. 
5. [CLASSICAL] Meu pai adora música clássica. . 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -19- 
 
Vocabulary Buil Up 
 
Mini-text 1 
1. join // 2. pledged // 3. gather // 4. accomplished // 5. sponsored // 6. 
successful // 7. business // 8. key 
 
Mini-text 2 
1. eradication // 2. sustainable // 3. corruption // 4. beyond // 5. nearly/ 6. 
industrialized // 7. assistance // 8. mechanisms 
 
Mini-text 3 
1. commitment //2. institutions //3. growth //4. assistance // 5. contributions 
// 6. sources // 7. figures // 8. donations 
 
Mini-text 4 
1. advantage // 2. partners // 3. resources // 4. relief // 5. achievement / 6. 
failure // 7. further // 8. development 
 
Mini-text 5 
1. separate // 2. respond // 3. conflict // 4. path // 5. founder / 6. totals // 7. 
family // 8. health 
 
Mini-text 6 
1. articulated // 2. agency // 3. considerable // 4. experience // 5. revenues / 6. 
wealth // 7. poverty // 8. mission 
 
Mini-text 7 
1. components // 2. liberalization // 3. benefit // 4. incomes // 5. forefront / 6. 
debt // 7. owed // 8. reach 
 
Mini-text 8 
1. immense // 2. borders // 3. estimates // 4. assets // 5. mobilized / 6. 
property // 7. inability // 8. tapped 
 
Mini-text 9 
1. competitive // 2. devised // 3. fostering // 4. consumers // 5. wealthiest / 6. 
confidence // 7. enforce // 8. goals 
 
Mini-text 10 
1. register // 2. barriers // 3. debating // 4. basic // 5. challenge / 6. 
persistence // 7. blazed // 8. choices 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -20- 
 
 
MOCK TEST 
 
1. B Veja o exercício sobre a paráfrase desse fragmento no texto 1 desta nossa 
aula. O que está dito na letra A? Os ministros do comércio mal conseguirão 
obter um consenso em Hong Kong [Atenção para a palavra ‘hardly cuja força é 
negativa Por exemplo: Without make-up, you could hardly recognize 
the movie star (Sem maquiagem mal se podia reconhecer a estrela do 
cinema). Na letra C tem-se: dependerão (as negociações) do consenso dos 
ministros do comércio; na letra D, na elaboração de um painel e, em E, podem 
(é provável que) progridam em Hong Kong, contrariando tudo o que é esperado 
e mencionado no texto. 
 
2. E Apareceu o verbo ‘infer’ (ou o substantivo inference) sinal de alerta! 
Você está sendo convidado a tirar uma conclusão sobre alguma coisa não 
presente no texto com todas as letras. Na presente questão, só é razoável 
concluir que a rodada de Doha está programada para dezembro de 2006 com 
apoio na declaração do secretario de agricultura norte-americano o qual diz que 
seria um erro descartar tal rodada quando se tem um ano inteiro para trabalhar 
ativamente e se buscar avanços para preparar a reunião. Quanto às demais 
opções: em A, deve depender da reunião de Hong Kong, em B, talvez possa 
trazer algum progresso [vaga demais]; em C, fracassará em produzir os 
resultados esperados; [não é possível afirmar isso, e mais, não é uma inferência] 
em D, poderá, é provável que seja cancelada [não passa de um chute] 
 
3. C Estude a folha com os discourse markers (=marcadores do discurso). 
Even though (=muito embora) indica concessão e poderia nesse contexto ser 
substituído por although (=embora). 
 
4. C Esta resposta está no segundo parágrafo do texto. Traduzindo: os 
participantes das negociações na OMC devem envidar esforços para progredir 
antes mesmo da reunião dos ministros de comércio em Hong Kong. em A, as 
partes-chave não serão capazes de produzir um painel adequado para a rodada 
de negociações de Doha; em B, somente um secretário de agricultura e um 
representante comercial não são suficientes para refletir a política norte-
americana sobre este assunto; em D, a atmosfera precedendo a reunião de Hong 
Kong é de inegável pessimismo quanto a se alcançar um consenso. Finalmente, 
em E, lê-se: demonstraram que estão um tanto indefesos para combater o 
fracasso da forças-chave quanto a se alcançar algum consenso. 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -21- 
 
 
SUPPLEMENT: AFFIXES 
 
 É de grande utilidade o estudo das word forms do inglês. Quanto mais 
familiarizado você estiver com os vários affixes (prefixes / suffixes) mais 
facilidade terá em decoding novos significados, e mais fluentemente você 
conseguirá ler e estará aumentando o seu vocabulary power. 
 
1) PREFIXES 
 
Anti as in: anti-war manifestação contra a guerra 
Auto as in: autobiography autobiografia 
Dis as in: disconnect desconectar 
En as in: enlarge ampliar 
Il as in: illegal ilegal 
Im as in impatient impaciente 
In as in: indecent indecente 
Inter as in interdependent interdependent 
Ir as in irrelevant irelevante 
Mid as in: mid-way a meio caminho 
Mis as in misinterpret interpretar mal 
Multi as in multinational multinacional 
Non as in nonsmoking não fumante 
Out as in outlive viver maisque 
Over as in overweight obeso, acima do peso 
Pre as in: pre-test pré teste 
Pro as in: pro-abortion manifestação em favor do aborto 
Semi as in: semicircle semicírculo 
Un as in unwrap desembrulhar 
Under as in: undernourished subnutrido 
 
 
2) SUFFIXES 
 
Formadores de verbos 
 
-ate as in: estimate estimar 
-en as in: blacken escurecer 
-fy as in: certify certificar 
-ize as in: liberalize liberar 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -22- 
 
Formadores de advérbios 
 
-ly as in sincere sincerely 
-ward(s) as in: toward(s) em direção a 
-wise as in: clockwise no sentido horário 
 
Formadores de substantivos 
 
-age as in: marriage casamento 
-ance as in attendance presença 
-er as in hunter caçador 
-hood as in: childhood infância 
-ician as in: statistician estatístico 
-ics as in: statistics estatística 
-ish as in: childish infantil 
-ism as in: fanaticism fanatismo 
-ist as in: physicist físico 
-ity as in: brutality brutalidade 
-ment as in: improvement melhoria 
-ness as in: happiness felicidade 
-or as in: survivor sobrevivente 
-ship as in: friendship amizade 
-sis as in: synthesis síntese 
-tion as in: attention atenção 
 
Formadores de adjetivos 
 
-able as in: reliable confiável 
-al as in: cultural cultural 
-an as in American americano 
-ation as in: explanation explicação 
-ed* as in experienced experiente 
-ee as in trainee estagíário/a, treinando 
-ful as in: grateful grato/a, agradecido/a 
-ible as in: responsible responbsável 
-ic as in: classic clássico 
-ive as in: responsive responsivo/a 
-less as in: careless descuidado 
-ly as in: friendly amigável 
-ous as in: ambitious ambicioso/a 
-y as in: rainy chuvoso 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -23- 
 
 
AULA 9 
 
 Avalie se os seguintes objetivos desta aula foram alcançados. 
 
 
TÓPICOS & OBJETIVOS 
 
 Raise your awareness of: 
 Despertar sua conscientização para: 
 
I – Reading Text: US wants WTO Ministerial Meeting after 
Session in Hong Kong 
 Texto para Leitura: ‘Os EUA querem uma reunião ministerial da OMC após a 
sessão de Hong Kong’ 
 
II – Brief analysis of text 1: Verb Tenses, Modals, Passive Voice 
Discourse Markers 
 Breve análise do texto 1: Tempos Verbais, Os modais, Voz Passiva, e 
Marcadores do Discurso 
 
III – Reading Comprehension text 1 
 Compreensão da Leitura do texto 1 
 
IV - Word Forms – Affixes together 
 Formação de Palavras – Vários afixos juntos 
 
V – Vocabulary Build-up: Specialized vocabulary: 10 excerpts 
from the article ‘Unleashing Growth through Sound 
Development Policies 
 Construção de Vocabulário: Vocabulário técnico: 10 trechos do artigo 
‘Promovendo o Crescimento através de Políticas de Desenvolvimento 
Adequadas’. 
 
VI– Lighten up! Two stories: Anguished Lover & A Gem of an Idea 
 Relaxe! Duas histórias: O amante angustiado & Uma jóia de Idéia. 
 
IX– Warm Up for the Mock Test // Text + comments on answers 
 Aquecimento para o Teste Simulado Texto + gabarito comentado 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br