<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 x0 h1 y0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">func<span class="_0 blank"></span>¸ <span class="v1">\u02dc</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h1 y0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">oes:<span class="_1 blank"> </span>noc<span class="_0 blank"></span>¸ <span class="v1">\u02dc</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">oes element<span class="_2 blank"></span>ares</div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y1 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3">F<span class="_2 blank"></span>ernando Pestana da Costa</div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y2 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws4">Maria Jo\u02dc<span class="_3 blank"></span>ao Ol<span class="_4 blank"> </span>iv<span class="_5 blank"></span>eira</div><div class="t m0 x5 h3 y3 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws5">18 de agost<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o de 2010</div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y4 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">Resumo</div><div class="t m0 x7 h5 y5 ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws7">Este<span class="_6 blank"> </span>texto<span class="_6 blank"> </span>foi<span class="_6 blank"> </span>elab orado<span class="_6 blank"> </span>para<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ap oio<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ao<span class="_6 blank"> </span>m´<span class="_7 blank"></span>odulo<span class="_6 blank"> </span>in<span class="_5 blank"></span>trodu t´<span class="_7 blank"></span>o<span class="_5 blank"></span>rio<span class="_6 blank"> </span>sobre</div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y6 ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">fun¸<span class="_8 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_7 blank"></span>oes da unidade curricular de<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Matem´<span class="_7 blank"></span>a<span class="_5 blank"></span>tica<span class="_9 blank"> </span>do Curs<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o de Quali\ufb01ca¸<span class="_8 blank"></span>c<span class="_5 blank"></span>\u02dc<span class="_7 blank"></span>ao</div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y7 ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws9">para<span class="_a blank"> </span>Estudos<span class="_a blank"> </span>Sup eriores<span class="_a blank"> </span>da<span class="_a blank"> </span>Univ<span class="_5 blank"></span>ersidade<span class="_a blank"> </span>Ab erta.<span class="_b blank"> </span>O<span class="_a blank"> </span>seu<span class="_a blank"> </span>ob<span class="_c blank"> </span>jetiv<span class="_5 blank"></span>o<span class="_a blank"> </span>pri-</div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y8 ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsa">mordial ´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e o de r<span class="_4 blank"> </span>elem<span class="_5 blank"></span>brar e consolidar os conceitos adq<span class="_4 blank"> </span>uiridos ao n<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_d blank"></span>\u0131v<span class="_5 blank"></span>el</div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y9 ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws7">do<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Ensino<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Secund´<span class="_7 blank"></span>ario,<span class="_9 blank"> </span>b em<span class="_9 blank"> </span>co<span class="_5 blank"></span>mo<span class="_9 blank"> </span>ap on<span class="_5 blank"></span>tar<span class="_9 blank"> </span>dire¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_7 blank"></span>oes<span class="_9 blank"> </span>de<span class="_9 blank"> </span>desen<span class="_5 blank"></span>v<span class="_f blank"></span>olvimen<span class="_f blank"></span>to</div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 ya ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws7">e<span class="_9 blank"> </span>de<span class="_9 blank"> </span>aprofundamen<span class="_5 blank"></span>to<span class="_10 blank"> </span>de<span class="_9 blank"> </span>conceito<span class="_5 blank"></span>s<span class="_9 blank"> </span>que<span class="_9 blank"> </span>ser\u02dc<span class="_7 blank"></span>ao<span class="_10 blank"> </span>p osteriormen<span class="_5 blank"></span>te<span class="_9 blank"> </span>ab ordados</div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 yb ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsb">em u<span class="_4 blank"> </span>nidades curriculares<span class="_a blank"> </span>de An´<span class="_7 blank"></span>alise<span class="_a blank"> </span>Matem´<span class="_7 blank"></span>atica d<span class="_4 blank"> </span>as licenciaturas<span class="_a blank"> </span>em</div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 yc ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsc">matem´<span class="_7 blank"></span>atic<span class="_5 blank"></span>a,<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ci<span class="_f blank"></span>\u02c6<span class="_e blank"></span>encias,<span class="_6 blank"> </span>engenharias, economia e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>gest\u02dc<span class="_7 blank"></span>ao.</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 yd ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsd">Con<span class="_5 blank"></span>te ´<span class="_11 blank"></span>udo</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 ye ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wse">1<span class="_12 blank"> </span>O conceito in<span class="_f blank"></span>t<span class="_4 blank"> </span>uitiv<span class="_5 blank"></span>o de fun¸<span class="_13 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_3 blank"></span>ao<span class="_14 blank"> </span>2</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yf ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsf">2<span class="_12 blank"> </span>F<span class="_2 blank"></span>un¸<span class="_13 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_3 blank"></span>oes reais de v<span class="_f blank"></span>ari<span class="_5 blank"></span>´<span class="_3 blank"></span>av<span class="_5 blank"></span>el real:<span class="_15 blank"> </span>conceitos b´<span class="_3 blank"></span>asicos<span class="_16 blank"> </span>4</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y10 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">2.1<span class="_17 blank"> </span>De\ufb01ni¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o,<span class="_6 blank"> </span>gr´<span class="_7 blank"></span>a\ufb01co<span class="_a blank"> </span>e<span class="_18 blank"> </span>dom<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131nio<span class="_1 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_19 blank"> </span>4</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y11 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">2<span class="_13 blank"></span>.<span class="_13 blank"></span>2<span class="_15 blank"> </span>C<span class="_1a blank"></span>o<span class="_13 blank"></span>n<span class="_1a blank"></span>t<span class="_1a blank"></span>r<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_13 blank"></span>d<span class="_13 blank"></span>o<span class="_13 blank"></span>m<span class="_1b blank"></span>´<span class="_1c blank"></span>\u0131<span class="_13 blank"></span>n<span class="_1a blank"></span>i<span class="_13 blank"></span>o<span class="_1d blank"> </span>.......................... 1<span class="_1a blank"></span>1<span class="_13 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y12 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">2.3<span class="_17 blank"> </span>Op<span class="_4 blank"> </span>era¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_6 blank"> </span>elemen<span class="_f blank"></span>tares<span class="_18 blank"> </span>com<span class="_18 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>oes<span class="_1f blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_20 blank"> </span>14</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y13 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws12">2.3.1<span class="_21 blank"> </span>Adi¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_4 blank"> </span>, subtra¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_4 blank"> </span>, m<span class="_f blank"></span>ultiplica¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao e quo<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ciente de fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_22 blank"> </span>14</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y14 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">2.3.2<span class="_21 blank"> </span>Comp<span class="_4 blank"> </span>osi¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>de<span class="_18 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>oes<span class="_1d blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_20 blank"> </span>20</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y15 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws13">2.4<span class="_17 blank"> </span>Injetividade, sobrejetividade, bijetividade<span class="_18 blank"> </span>e fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes in<span class="_f blank"></span>vers<span class="_5 blank"></span>as<span class="_23 blank"> </span>.<span class="_20 blank"> </span>26</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y16 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">2.4.1<span class="_21 blank"> </span>Injetividade<span class="_24 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_1 blank"> </span>2<span class="_4 blank"> </span>6</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y17 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">2.4.2<span class="_21 blank"> </span>Sobrejetividade<span class="_25 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_1 blank"> </span>2<span class="_4 blank"> </span>8</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y18 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">2.4.3<span class="_21 blank"> </span>Bijetividade<span class="_6 blank"> </span>e<span class="_18 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>oes<span class="_6 blank"> </span>inv<span class="_f blank"></span>ersas<span class="_26 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_20 blank"> </span>29</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y19 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">2.5<span class="_17 blank"> </span>F<span class="_27 blank"></span>un¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_18 blank"> </span>crescen<span class="_f blank"></span>tes<span class="_18 blank"> </span>e<span class="_18 blank"> </span>decrescen<span class="_f blank"></span>tes;<span class="_18 blank"> </span>p ontos<span class="_6 blank"> </span>not´<span class="_13 blank"></span>ave<span class="_5 blank"></span>is<span class="_6 blank"> </span>do<span class="_6 blank"> </span>g r´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a\ufb01co<span class="_28 blank"> </span>.<span class="_20 blank"> </span>34</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y1a ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">2.6<span class="_17 blank"> </span>F<span class="_27 blank"></span>un¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_18 blank"> </span>pares<span class="_6 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131mpares<span class="_1 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_1d blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . .<span class="_12 blank"> </span>42</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y1b ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">2.7<span class="_17 blank"> </span>F<span class="_27 blank"></span>un¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_18 blank"> </span>p<span class="_4 blank"> </span>eri´<span class="_13 blank"></span>odicas<span class="_12 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_1 blank"> </span>4<span class="_4 blank"> </span>4</div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y1c ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">1</div><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[2,"XYZ",102.956,422.606,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:101.344000px;bottom:344.564000px;width:195.116000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[4,"XYZ",102.956,313.719,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:101.344000px;bottom:318.404000px;width:298.316000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[4,"XYZ",102.956,260.841,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:118.984000px;bottom:303.884000px;width:169.076000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[11,"XYZ",102.956,272.766,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:118.984000px;bottom:289.484000px;width:103.196000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[14,"XYZ",102.956,592.802,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:118.984000px;bottom:275.084000px;width:208.676000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[14,"XYZ",102.956,463.197,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:260.564000px;width:322.916000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[20,"XYZ",102.956,316.73,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:246.164000px;width:155.756000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[26,"XYZ",102.956,541.61,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:118.984000px;bottom:231.644000px;width:332.876000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[26,"XYZ",102.956,311.792,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:217.244000px;width:98.036000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[28,"XYZ",102.956,515.111,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:202.844000px;width:115.916000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[29,"XYZ",102.956,218.202,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:188.324000px;width:193.316000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[34,"XYZ",102.956,324.921,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:118.984000px;bottom:173.924000px;width:337.676000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[42,"XYZ",102.956,311.31,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:118.984000px;bottom:159.524000px;width:150.716000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[44,"XYZ",102.956,375.148,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:118.984000px;bottom:145.004000px;width:122.276000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y1d ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsf">3<span class="_12 blank"> </span>F<span class="_2 blank"></span>un¸<span class="_13 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_3 blank"></span>oes elemen<span class="_f blank"></span>tares<span class="_29 blank"> </span>47</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y1e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">3.1<span class="_17 blank"> </span>F<span class="_27 blank"></span>un¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_18 blank"> </span>m´<span class="_13 blank"></span>odulo<span class="_2a blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_1 blank"> </span>4<span class="_4 blank"> </span>7</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y1f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">3.2<span class="_17 blank"> </span>F<span class="_27 blank"></span>un¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_18 blank"> </span>trigonom´<span class="_13 blank"></span>etricas<span class="_1 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_20 blank"> </span>58</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y20 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">3.2.1<span class="_21 blank"> </span>F<span class="_27 blank"></span>un¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_18 blank"> </span>seno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_20 blank"> </span>62</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y21 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">3.2.2<span class="_21 blank"> </span>F<span class="_27 blank"></span>un¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_18 blank"> </span>cosseno<span class="_2b blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_1 blank"> </span>6<span class="_4 blank"> </span>4</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y22 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">3.2.3<span class="_21 blank"> </span>Rela¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>es<span class="_6 blank"> </span>entre<span class="_6 blank"> </span>as<span class="_6 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1a blank"></span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>es<span class="_6 blank"> </span>seno<span class="_18 blank"> </span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>cosseno<span class="_1 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . .<span class="_12 blank"> </span>65</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y23 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">3.2.4<span class="_21 blank"> </span>Outras<span class="_6 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_6 blank"> </span>trigo<span class="_4 blank"> </span>nom<span class="_f blank"></span>´<span class="_7 blank"></span>etricas<span class="_20 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_20 blank"> </span>70</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y24 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">3.3<span class="_17 blank"> </span>F<span class="_27 blank"></span>un¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_18 blank"> </span>exp<span class="_4 blank"> </span>onencial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_20 blank"> </span>73</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y25 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">3.4<span class="_17 blank"> </span>F<span class="_27 blank"></span>un¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_18 blank"> </span>logaritmo<span class="_28 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_20 blank"> </span>76</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y26 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws16">4<span class="_12 blank"> </span>Limites e con<span class="_5 blank"></span>tin<span class="_f blank"></span>uidade<span class="_2c blank"> </span>80</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y27 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">4<span class="_13 blank"></span>.<span class="_1a blank"></span>1<span class="_15 blank"> </span>L<span class="_13 blank"></span>i<span class="_13 blank"></span>m<span class="_13 blank"></span>i<span class="_1a blank"></span>t<span class="_13 blank"></span>e<span class="_13 blank"></span>s<span class="_2d blank"></span>............................... 8<span class="_1a blank"></span>1<span class="_13 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y28 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">4.1.1<span class="_21 blank"> </span>De\ufb01ni¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>e<span class="_18 blank"> </span>exemplos<span class="_24 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_20 blank"> </span>81</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y29 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">4.1.2<span class="_21 blank"> </span>Alguns<span class="_6 blank"> </span>resultados<span class="_18 blank"> </span>fundamen<span class="_f blank"></span>ta<span class="_4 blank"> </span>is<span class="_1f blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_1 blank"> </span>9<span class="_4 blank"> </span>1</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y2a ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">4.1.3<span class="_21 blank"> </span>Limites<span class="_6 blank"> </span>no<span class="_6 blank"> </span>in\ufb01nito<span class="_2e blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_20 blank"> </span>96</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y2b ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">4.1.4<span class="_21 blank"> </span>Limites<span class="_6 blank"> </span>in\ufb01nitos<span class="_b blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_1d blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . .<span class="_b blank"> </span>10<span class="_4 blank"> </span>2</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y2c ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws17">4<span class="_13 blank"></span>.<span class="_1a blank"></span>2<span class="_15 blank"> </span>C<span class="_13 blank"></span>o<span class="_13 blank"></span>n<span class="_1a blank"></span>t<span class="_1a blank"></span>i<span class="_13 blank"></span>n<span class="_1a blank"></span>u<span class="_13 blank"></span>i<span class="_1a blank"></span>d<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_13 blank"></span>d<span class="_13 blank"></span>e ..................<span class="_5 blank"></span>.........<span class="_2 blank"></span>1<span class="_13 blank"></span>0<span class="_13 blank"></span>7<span class="_1a blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y2d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">4.2.1<span class="_21 blank"> </span>De\ufb01ni¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>e<span class="_18 blank"> </span>exemplos<span class="_24 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_b blank"> </span>107</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y2e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">4.2.2<span class="_21 blank"> </span>Alguns<span class="_6 blank"> </span>resultados<span class="_18 blank"> </span>fundamen<span class="_f blank"></span>ta<span class="_4 blank"> </span>is<span class="_1f blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_b blank"> </span>110</div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y2f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10">4.2.3<span class="_21 blank"> </span>Con<span class="_f blank"></span>tinuidade<span class="_6 blank"> </span>em<span class="_18 blank"> </span>in<span class="_f blank"></span>t<span class="_4 blank"> </span>erv<span class="_27 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>los<span class="_6 blank"> </span>limitados<span class="_18 blank"> </span>e<span class="_18 blank"> </span>fec<span class="_f blank"></span>hados<span class="_2f blank"> </span>. . . .<span class="_b blank"> </span>113</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y30 ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws18">1<span class="_30 blank"> </span>O<span class="_31 blank"> </span>conceit<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o in<span class="_5 blank"></span>tuitiv<span class="_f blank"></span>o d<span class="_4 blank"> </span>e<span class="_31 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_32 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_33 blank"></span>ao</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y31 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">O<span class="_6 blank"> </span>mais<span class="_a blank"> </span>imp ortan<span class="_5 blank"></span>te<span class="_a blank"> </span>conceito<span class="_6 blank"> </span>de<span class="_a blank"> </span>to<span class="_c blank"> </span>da<span class="_a blank"> </span>a<span class="_a blank"> </span>matem´<span class="_1e blank"></span>atica<span class="_a blank"> </span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e,<span class="_6 blank"> </span>sem<span class="_a blank"> </span>d ´<span class="_13 blank"></span>uvida,<span class="_a blank"> </span>o<span class="_a blank"> </span>conceito</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y32 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws19">de<span class="_a blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao.<span class="_26 blank"> </span>P<span class="_5 blank"></span>ara<span class="_a blank"> </span>os<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ob jetiv<span class="_5 blank"></span>os<span class="_a blank"> </span>da<span class="_6 blank"> </span>presen<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_6 blank"> </span>unidade<span class="_6 blank"> </span>curricular<span class="_6 blank"> </span>n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_a blank"> </span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_a blank"> </span>necess´<span class="_13 blank"></span>ario</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y33 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">(nem<span class="_26 blank"> </span>´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e<span class="_1d blank"> </span>pedagog icamen<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_1d blank"> </span>conv<span class="_f blank"></span>enien<span class="_f blank"></span>te)<span class="_15 blank"> </span>in<span class="_f blank"></span>tro duzir<span class="_1d blank"> </span>uma<span class="_1d blank"> </span>de\ufb01ni¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_1d blank"> </span>forma l<span class="_26 blank"> </span>do</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y34 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">que<span class="_1d blank"> </span>se<span class="_15 blank"> </span>en<span class="_f blank"></span>tende<span class="_15 blank"> </span>por<span class="_15 blank"> </span>\u201cfun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao \u201d,<span class="_15 blank"> </span>bastando<span class="_1d blank"> </span>interiorizar<span class="_1d blank"> </span>que<span class="_15 blank"> </span>a<span class="_1d blank"> </span>no¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_15 blank"> </span>in<span class="_f blank"></span>tuitiv<span class="_f blank"></span>a</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y35 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1a">de<span class="_b blank"> </span>\u201cfun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao \u201d<span class="_34 blank"> </span>traduz<span class="_b blank"> </span>matematicamen<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_b blank"> </span>a<span class="_b blank"> </span>no¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a o<span class="_34 blank"> </span>de<span class="_b blank"> </span>corresp ond<span class="_f blank"></span>\u02c6<span class="_7 blank"></span>encia,<span class="_26 blank"> </span>ou<span class="_34 blank"> </span>seja,</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y36 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1b">utilizaremos a seguin<span class="_f blank"></span>te</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y37 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1c">De\ufb01ni¸<span class="_1a blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1a blank"></span>ao In<span class="_5 blank"></span>tuitiv<span class="_27 blank"></span>a 1</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y38 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1d">Dados dois<span class="_26 blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>onjuntos n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao-vazios <span class="ff7 ls2">A</span><span class="ls3">e</span><span class="ff7 ws1e">B ,<span class="_26 blank"> </span></span><span class="ws1f">uma fun¸<span class="_1e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 ls4">f</span><span class="ws20">de <span class="ff7 ls2">A</span><span class="ws21">em <span class="ff7 ls5">B</span><span class="ws22">´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e uma</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y39 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws23">c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>ond\u02c6<span class="_13 blank"></span>enc<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ia que<span class="_1d blank"> </span>a c<span class="_f blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>da<span class="_1d blank"> </span>elemento <span class="ff7 ls6">x</span><span class="ws24">de <span class="ff7 ls7">A</span><span class="ws25">(<span class="_4 blank"> </span>escr<span class="_f blank"></span>evemos <span class="ff7 ls8">x<span class="ff8 ls9">\u2208</span><span class="ls7">A</span></span><span class="ws26">e desig-</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y3a ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws27">namos, usualmente, <span class="ff7 lsa">x</span><span class="ws28">p<span class="_f blank"></span>or<span class="_34 blank"> </span>v<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ari´<span class="_13 blank"></span>avel indep<span class="_f blank"></span>endente) a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>sso<span class="_f blank"></span>cia um,<span class="_34 blank"> </span>e<span class="_34 blank"> </span>ap<span class="_f blank"></span>enas um,</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y3b ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws29">elemento <span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ff2 lsd">)</span></span></span><span class="ws2b">de <span class="ff7 lse">B</span><span class="ws2c">(escr<span class="_f blank"></span>evemos <span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ff2 lsf">)<span class="ff8 ls10">\u2208</span></span><span class="lse">B</span></span></span><span class="ws2d">e<span class="_b blank"> </span>designamo<span class="_4 blank"> </span>s <span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ff2 lsc">)</span></span></span><span class="ws2e">, usualmente,</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y3c ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2f">p<span class="_f blank"></span>or<span class="_18 blank"> </span>vari´<span class="_13 blank"></span>avel<span class="_18 blank"> </span>d<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ep<span class="_f blank"></span>endente, j´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_18 blank"> </span>q<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ue dep<span class="_5 blank"></span>ende do<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="ws30">).</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y3d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">P<span class="_f blank"></span>ara<span class="_26 blank"> </span>represen<span class="_f blank"></span>tar<span class="_26 blank"> </span>sim<span class="_f blank"></span>b olicamen<span class="_5 blank"></span>te<span class="_26 blank"> </span>a<span class="_b blank"> </span>frase<span class="_b blank"> </span>\u201c<span class="ff7 ls11">f</span><span class="ws31">´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e uma fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao de <span class="ff7 ls12">A</span><span class="ws32">em <span class="ff7 ls13">B</span>\u201d</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y3e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws33">escrev<span class="_f blank"></span>eremos simplesmen<span class="_f blank"></span>te <span class="ff7 ls14">f</span><span class="ls15">:<span class="ff7 ls16">A<span class="ff8 ls17">\u2192</span><span class="ls13">B</span></span></span><span class="ws34">.<span class="_1d blank"> </span>O conjun<span class="_f blank"></span>to<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls18">A</span><span class="ws35">´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e c<span class="_5 blank"></span>hamado o <span class="ff6 ws30">d<span class="_4 blank"> </span>om<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_e blank"></span>\u0131<span class="_4 blank"> </span>nio</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y3f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws36">de <span class="ff7 ls19">f</span><span class="ws37">e o conjun<span class="_f blank"></span>t<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="ff7 ls1a">B</span><span class="ws38">´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e o <span class="ff6 ws39">c<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>njunto de che<span class="_f blank"></span>gada<span class="_4 blank"> </span>.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y40 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">2</div><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[47,"XYZ",102.956,473.074,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:101.344000px;bottom:699.644000px;width:137.516000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[47,"XYZ",102.956,372.017,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:118.984000px;bottom:685.244000px;width:104.996000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[58,"XYZ",102.956,423.208,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:118.984000px;bottom:670.724000px;width:150.596000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[62,"XYZ",102.956,725.417,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:656.324000px;width:100.076000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[64,"XYZ",102.956,536.913,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:641.924000px;width:115.676000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[65,"XYZ",102.956,205.434,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:627.404000px;width:243.356000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[70,"XYZ",102.956,327.209,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:613.004000px;width:197.276000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[73,"XYZ",102.956,725.417,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:118.984000px;bottom:598.484000px;width:126.956000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[76,"XYZ",102.956,408.634,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:118.984000px;bottom:584.084000px;width:116.156000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[80,"XYZ",102.956,348.288,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:101.344000px;bottom:557.924000px;width:150.596000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[81,"XYZ",102.956,725.417,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:118.984000px;bottom:543.524000px;width:64.676000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[81,"XYZ",102.956,705.663,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:529.004000px;width:144.116000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[91,"XYZ",102.956,572.927,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:514.604000px;width:200.396000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[96,"XYZ",102.956,464.402,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:500.204000px;width:131.876000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[102,"XYZ",102.956,446.816,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:485.684000px;width:120.236000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[107,"XYZ",102.956,415.017,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:118.984000px;bottom:471.284000px;width:94.916000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[107,"XYZ",102.956,391.53,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:456.764000px;width:144.116000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[110,"XYZ",102.956,256.987,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:442.364000px;width:200.396000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[113,"XYZ",102.956,300.108,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:145.864000px;bottom:427.964000px;width:284.036000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 xa h7 y1d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3a">Note-se<span class="_a blank"> </span>que<span class="_6 blank"> </span>nada<span class="_6 blank"> </span>do<span class="_6 blank"> </span>que<span class="_6 blank"> </span>foi<span class="_a blank"> </span>escrito<span class="_6 blank"> </span>acima<span class="_a blank"> </span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>esp eci\ufb01camen<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_18 blank"> </span>matem´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a tico:</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y1e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3b">a de\ufb01ni¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_b blank"> </span>in<span class="_f blank"></span>tuitiv<span class="_f blank"></span>a<span class="_34 blank"> </span>e a nota¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao in<span class="_f blank"></span>tro<span class="_c blank"> </span>duzida aplicam-se a situa¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1a blank"></span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>es da vida</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y1f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3c">corren<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_18 blank"> </span>que<span class="_18 blank"> </span>nada t\u02c6<span class="_13 blank"></span>em de<span class="_18 blank"> </span>matem´<span class="_13 blank"></span>atico.<span class="_1d blank"> </span>V<span class="_2 blank"></span>ejamos alguns<span class="_18 blank"> </span>exemplos:</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y41 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3d">Exemplo 1</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y42 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3e">Consider<span class="_f blank"></span>e-se o<span class="_15 blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>onjunto <span class="ff7 ls1b">A</span><span class="ws3f">c<span class="_f blank"></span>om<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o sendo o c<span class="_f blank"></span>onjunto de to<span class="_f blank"></span>dos os p<span class="_f blank"></span>a<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_e blank"></span>\u0131ses da</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y43 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws40">Eur<span class="_f blank"></span>op<span class="_f blank"></span>a e o c<span class="_27 blank"></span>onj<span class="_4 blank"> </span>unto <span class="ff7 ls1c">B</span><span class="ws41">o c<span class="_f blank"></span>onjunto de to<span class="_f blank"></span>das<span class="_1d blank"> </span>as c<span class="_4 blank"> </span>idades c<span class="_f blank"></span>apitais<span class="_1d blank"> </span>eur<span class="_27 blank"></span>op<span class="_f blank"></span>e<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ias.</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y44 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws42">Se p<span class="_f blank"></span>or <span class="ff7 ls1d">f</span><span class="ws43">r<span class="_f blank"></span>epr<span class="_f blank"></span>es<span class="_4 blank"> </span>entarmos<span class="_26 blank"> </span>a<span class="_1d blank"> </span>c<span class="_27 blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>ond\u02c6<span class="_1e blank"></span>encia<span class="_26 blank"> </span>\u201ca<span class="_26 blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>apital<span class="_26 blank"> </span>d<span class="_4 blank"> </span>e<span class="_26 blank"> </span>. . . ´<span class="_13 blank"></span>e\u201d,<span class="_1d blank"> </span>ent\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_26 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls1d">f</span><span class="ff2">:</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y45 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1e">A<span class="ff8 ls1f">\u2192</span><span class="ls5">B<span class="ff6 ls1 ws44">´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e uma<span class="_26 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_1e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao no<span class="_26 blank"> </span>sentido r<span class="_f blank"></span>eferido<span class="_26 blank"> </span>acima, j´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a que<span class="_26 blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>ada p<span class="_f blank"></span>a<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131s eur<span class="_f blank"></span>op<span class="_f blank"></span>eu</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y46 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws45">tem uma<span class="_6 blank"> </span>´<span class="_13 blank"></span>unic<span class="_27 blank"></span>a<span class="_a blank"> </span>c<span class="_5 blank"></span>apital.<span class="_26 blank"> </span>Por exem<span class="_4 blank"> </span>plo, p<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_f blank"></span>demos e<span class="_4 blank"> </span>scr<span class="_f blank"></span>ever <span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span></span><span class="ws30">Portugal<span class="ff2 ws46">) = </span>Lisb<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_f blank"></span>a</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y47 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls20">e<span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span></span><span class="ls1 ws30">A<span class="_5 blank"></span>rm´<span class="_13 blank"></span>enia<span class="ff2 ws47">) = </span><span class="ws48">Er<span class="_27 blank"></span>ev<span class="_4 blank"> </span>an p<span class="_f blank"></span>ar<span class="_f blank"></span>a<span class="_b blank"> </span>r<span class="_f blank"></span>epr<span class="_f blank"></span>esen<span class="_4 blank"> </span>tar as<span class="_b blank"> </span>a\ufb01rma¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes de<span class="_b blank"> </span>que<span class="_b blank"> </span>a<span class="_b blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>apital<span class="_b blank"> </span>de</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y48 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws49">Portugal ´<span class="_13 blank"></span>e Lisb<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_f blank"></span>a e de que<span class="_b blank"> </span>a c<span class="_f blank"></span>apital da Arm<span class="_5 blank"></span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>enia<span class="_34 blank"> </span>´<span class="_13 blank"></span>e Er<span class="_f blank"></span>ev<span class="_4 blank"> </span>an, r<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>etivamente.</div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 y49 ff9 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\ue004</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y4a ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3d">Exemplo 2</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y4b ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws4a">Consider<span class="_f blank"></span>e-se ago<span class="_4 blank"> </span>r<span class="_f blank"></span>a <span class="ff7 ls16">A</span><span class="ws4b">c<span class="_f blank"></span>omo send<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o o c<span class="_f blank"></span>onjunto dos pintor<span class="_f blank"></span>es e <span class="ff7 ls21">B</span><span class="ws4c">o c<span class="_f blank"></span>on<span class="_4 blank"> </span>junto dos</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y4c ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws4d">n´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umer<span class="_f blank"></span>os<span class="_34 blank"> </span>inteir<span class="_f blank"></span>os.<span class="_31 blank"> </span>R<span class="_27 blank"></span>ep r<span class="_f blank"></span>esentando<span class="_34 blank"> </span>p<span class="_f blank"></span>or<span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls11">f</span><span class="ws4e">a c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>ond\u02c6<span class="_13 blank"></span>encia \u201co ano do nasci-</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y4d ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws4f">mento<span class="_34 blank"> </span>de<span class="_34 blank"> </span>. . .<span class="_35 blank"> </span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e\u201d,<span class="_34 blank"> </span>ter<span class="_f blank"></span>emos<span class="_34 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_34 blank"> </span>f<span class="_4 blank"> </span>un¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_34 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls22">f<span class="ff2 ls23">:</span><span class="ls24">A<span class="ff8 ls25">\u2192</span><span class="lse">B</span></span></span><span class="ws50">que a<span class="_34 blank"> </span>c<span class="_5 blank"></span>ada pintor faz c<span class="_5 blank"></span>or-</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y4e ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws51">r<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>onder<span class="_6 blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>seu<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ano<span class="_6 blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span>nasc<span class="_4 blank"> </span>imento.<span class="_26 blank"> </span>Note<span class="_6 blank"> </span>que<span class="_6 blank"> </span>esta<span class="_6 blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>rr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>ond\u02c6<span class="_13 blank"></span>encia ´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>mesmo</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y4f ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws52">uma fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao (no sentido da<span class="_4 blank"> </span>do acima a este termo),<span class="_6 blank"> </span>p<span class="_f blank"></span>or<span class="_f blank"></span>que a c<span class="_f blank"></span>ada p<span class="_4 blank"> </span>intor c<span class="_f blank"></span>or-</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y50 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws53">r<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>onde um, e ap<span class="_f blank"></span>e<span class="_4 blank"> </span>nas um, ano de n<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ascimento.<span class="_26 blank"> </span>Assim<span class="_4 blank"> </span>, <span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span></span><span class="ws30">Pic<span class="_f blank"></span>asso<span class="ff2 ws54">) = 1881<span class="_6 blank"> </span></span>e</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y51 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(<span class="ff6 ls1 ws30">C´<span class="_13 blank"></span>ezanne<span class="ff2 ws55">) = 1839<span class="_b blank"> </span></span><span class="ws49">tr<span class="_f blank"></span>aduzem simb<span class="_f blank"></span>olic<span class="_f blank"></span>amente as a\ufb01rma¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes \u201co ano de nas-</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y52 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws44">cimento<span class="_26 blank"> </span>de<span class="_26 blank"> </span>Pic<span class="_f blank"></span>asso ´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e<span class="_26 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ws30">1881</span><span class="ws56">\u201d e \u201co ano<span class="_1d blank"> </span>de nascimento de C´<span class="_13 blank"></span>ezanne<span class="_b blank"> </span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e <span class="ff2 ws30">1839<span class="ff6">\u201d,</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y53 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws57">r<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>etivamente. <span class="ff9">\ue004</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y54 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">´</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y55 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws58">E claro que<span class="_6 blank"> </span>o que verdade<span class="_5 blank"></span>iramen<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_6 blank"> </span>nos<span class="_a blank"> </span>interes<span class="_5 blank"></span>sa<span class="_a blank"> </span>nesta<span class="_a blank"> </span>unidade<span class="_6 blank"> </span>curricular</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y56 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1a">s\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_a blank"> </span>as<span class="_a blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>oes<span class="_a blank"> </span>que<span class="_a blank"> </span>traduzem<span class="_a blank"> </span>corresp ond<span class="_5 blank"></span>\u02c6<span class="_1e blank"></span>encias<span class="_a blank"> </span>entre<span class="_a blank"> </span>conjun<span class="_f blank"></span>tos<span class="_a blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls26">A</span><span class="ls27">e<span class="ff7 ls13">B</span></span><span class="ws14">,<span class="_6 blank"> </span>am<span class="_5 blank"></span>b os</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y57 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">constituidos<span class="_6 blank"> </span>p or<span class="_18 blank"> </span>n ´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umeros.<span class="_26 blank"> </span>Considerem-se<span class="_6 blank"> </span>agor a<span class="_6 blank"> </span>alguns<span class="_6 blank"> </span>exemplos<span class="_6 blank"> </span>deste<span class="_18 blank"> </span>tip o.</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y58 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3d">Exemplo 3</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y59 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws59">Sup<span class="_f blank"></span>ondo que <span class="ff7 ls28">A<span class="ff2 ls29">=</span><span class="ls2a">B<span class="ff2 ls2b">=<span class="ffa ls2c">N</span><span class="ls29">=<span class="ff8 ls2d">{</span><span class="ls2e">1</span></span></span><span class="ls2f">,<span class="ff2 ls2e">2</span>,<span class="ff2 ls2e">3</span>,<span class="ff2 ls2e">4</span><span class="ls30 ws5a">,...<span class="_2d blank"></span><span class="ff8 ls2d">}<span class="ff6 ls1 ws5b">, a c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>ond\u02c6<span class="_1e blank"></span>encia \u201co dobr<span class="_27 blank"></span>o de</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y5a ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws4f">. . .<span class="_35 blank"> </span>´<span class="_13 blank"></span>e\u201d<span class="_1d blank"> </span>p<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_f blank"></span>d<span class="_4 blank"> </span>e<span class="_1d blank"> </span>ser<span class="_1d blank"> </span>r<span class="_f blank"></span>epr<span class="_f blank"></span>esentada<span class="_1d blank"> </span>p<span class="_f blank"></span>ela<span class="_1d blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_1e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_1d blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls31">f</span><span class="ws4d">que<span class="_1d blank"> </span>a<span class="_1d blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>ad a<span class="_1d blank"> </span>n´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umer<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_1d blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls32">a<span class="ff8 ls33">\u2208<span class="ffa ls34">N</span></span></span><span class="ws30">faz</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y5b ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws4d">c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>onder<span class="_26 blank"> </span>o<span class="_b blank"> </span>n ´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umer<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_26 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ls2e">2<span class="ff7 ls35">a<span class="ff8 ls36">\u2208<span class="ffa ls37">N</span></span></span></span>.<span class="_28 blank"> </span>Diz-se<span class="_b blank"> </span>q ue<span class="_26 blank"> </span>o<span class="_26 blank"> </span>n´<span class="_1a blank"></span>ume r<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_26 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ls2e">2<span class="ff7 ls38">a</span></span><span class="ws5c">assim<span class="_26 blank"> </span>obtido ´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_26 blank"> </span>a</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y5c ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws5d">\u201cimagem de<span class="_26 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls38">a</span><span class="ws44">p<span class="_f blank"></span>or<span class="_26 blank"> </span>aplic<span class="_f blank"></span>a¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao da fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c<span class="_4 blank"> </span>\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="ws5e">\u201d e<span class="_26 blank"> </span>r<span class="_f blank"></span>epr<span class="_f blank"></span>esenta-se p<span class="_f blank"></span>or<span class="_26 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">a<span class="ff2 lsc">)</span></span></span><span class="ws5f">. Deste</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y5d ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws60">mo<span class="_f blank"></span>do, esta<span class="_b blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_1e blank"></span>c<span class="_4 blank"> </span>\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 ls11">f</span><span class="ws4d">aplic<span class="_f blank"></span>ada<span class="_18 blank"> </span>a o<span class="_34 blank"> </span>n´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umer<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_34 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls39">a</span><span class="ws61">r<span class="_f blank"></span>esulta em <span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">a<span class="ff2 ws62">) = 2</span><span class="ws63">a. </span></span></span><span class="ws50">Cla<span class="_4 blank"> </span>r<span class="_f blank"></span>o que</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y5e ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws64">c<span class="_f blank"></span>oncr<span class="_f blank"></span>etizando o<span class="_34 blank"> </span>valor<span class="_34 blank"> </span>de <span class="ff7 ls3a">a<span class="ff8 ls3b">\u2208</span><span class="ls3c">A</span></span><span class="ws65">ter<span class="_f blank"></span>emos<span class="_34 blank"> </span>o c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>ond<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ente valor de <span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">a<span class="ff2 lsc">)</span><span class="ls3d">,</span></span></span><span class="ws30">p<span class="_f blank"></span>or</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y5f ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws66">exemplo: <span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="ff2 ws67">(1) = 2<span class="ff7 ws68">,<span class="_10 blank"> </span>f </span><span class="ws69">(3) = 6<span class="ff7 ws6a">,<span class="_36 blank"> </span>f </span><span class="ws46">(264) = 528<span class="ff7 ls3e">,</span></span></span></span><span class="ws6b">etc. <span class="ff9">\ue004</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y60 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3d">Exemplo 4</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y61 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws5b">Sup<span class="_f blank"></span>ondo que <span class="ff7 ls12">A<span class="ff2 ls2b">=<span class="ffa ls3f">N</span>=<span class="ff8 ls2d">{</span><span class="ls2e">1</span></span><span class="ls2f">,<span class="ff2 ls2e">2</span>,<span class="ff2 ls2e">3</span>,<span class="ff2 ls2e">4</span><span class="ls30 ws5a">,...<span class="_2d blank"></span><span class="ff8 ls40">}<span class="ff6 ls1 ws6c">e q<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ue <span class="ff7 ls41">B<span class="ff2 ls2b">=<span class="ffa ls37">R</span></span></span><span class="ws6d">,<span class="_1d blank"> </span>p<span class="_27 blank"></span>o<span class="_f blank"></span>dem<span class="_4 blank"> </span>os c<span class="_f blank"></span>onsider<span class="_f blank"></span>ar a</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y62 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">3</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x9 y63 w1 h9" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/23baabea-f961-49a6-b131-e5a76ee62ff4/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y1d ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6e">c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>ond\u02c6<span class="_13 blank"></span>enc<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ia<span class="_34 blank"> </span>que c<span class="_f blank"></span>on<span class="_4 blank"> </span>siste em \u201ctomar um n´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umer<span class="_27 blank"></span>o d<span class="_4 blank"> </span>e <span class="ff7 ws2a">A</span><span class="ws6f">,<span class="_26 blank"> </span>adicionar-lhe <span class="ff2">3</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y1e ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws70">e c<span class="_f blank"></span>alcular o inverso do r<span class="_f blank"></span>esultado\u201d.<span class="_2a blank"> </span>Isto c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>onde a tomar um n<span class="_4 blank"> </span>´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umer<span class="_27 blank"></span>o</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y1f ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws71">natur<span class="_f blank"></span>al <span class="ff7 ws2a">a</span><span class="ws72">, adic<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ionar-lhe <span class="ff2 ls2e">3</span><span class="ws73">, p<span class="_f blank"></span>ar<span class="_f blank"></span>a dar <span class="ff7 ls42">a</span><span class="ff2 ws74">+ 3<span class="_4 blank"> </span></span><span class="ws75">, e dep<span class="_f blank"></span>ois c<span class="_f blank"></span>alcular o<span class="_b blank"> </span>inverso deste</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y20 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws76">valor, o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>u seja,<span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ffb fs5 v2">1</span></div><div class="t m0 xd hb y64 ffc fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws77">a<span class="ffb ws78">+3 <span class="ff6 fs4 ws79 v3">.<span class="_26 blank"> </span>Se r<span class="_f blank"></span>epr<span class="_f blank"></span>esentarmos p<span class="_f blank"></span>or <span class="ff7 ls43">f</span><span class="ws7a">esta<span class="_37 blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>ond\u02c6<span class="_13 blank"></span>enc<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ia, a<span class="_37 blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>ada <span class="ff7 ls44">a</span><span class="ff8">\u2208</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 hc y65 ffa fs4 fc0 sc0 ls45">N<span class="ff6 ls1 ws52">estamos a asso<span class="_f blank"></span>ciar o n´<span class="_1a blank"></span>umer<span class="_f blank"></span>o r<span class="_f blank"></span>e<span class="_f blank"></span>al <span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">a<span class="ff2 ws46">) =<span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ffb fs5 v2">1</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe hb y66 ffc fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws77">a<span class="ffb ws7b">+3 <span class="ff6 fs4 ws7c v3">e, c<span class="_f blank"></span>oncr<span class="_f blank"></span>etizando v<span class="_4 blank"> </span>alor<span class="_f blank"></span>es de <span class="ff7">a</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 hd y67 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws7d">obtemos os c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>es<span class="_4 blank"> </span>p<span class="_f blank"></span>ondentes valor<span class="_f blank"></span>es de <span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">a<span class="ff2 lsc">)</span></span></span><span class="ws7e">,<span class="_b blank"> </span>p<span class="_f blank"></span>or exe<span class="_4 blank"> </span>mplo:<span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="ff2 ws7f">(2) =<span class="_26 blank"> </span><span class="ffb fs5 v2">1</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y68 ffb fs5 fc0 sc0 ls46">5<span class="ff7 fs4 ls1 ws6a v3">,<span class="_36 blank"> </span>f <span class="ff2 ws80">(7) =</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y69 ffb fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1">1</div><div class="t m0 x11 h10 y6a ffb fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws81">10 <span class="ff6 fs4 ls47 v3">e<span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 ls1 ws46">(176) =<span class="_25 blank"> </span></span></span></span><span class="v4">1</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y6a ffb fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws82">179 <span class="ff7 fs4 ls48 v3">,<span class="ff6 ls1 ws83">etc. <span class="ff9">\ue004</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y6b ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws84">An<span class="_f blank"></span>tes<span class="_34 blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span>prosseguir<span class="_18 blank"> </span>conv<span class="_f blank"></span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>em<span class="_34 blank"> </span>notar<span class="_6 blank"> </span>que<span class="_18 blank"> </span>h´<span class="_1e blank"></span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span>muitas<span class="_6 blank"> </span>corresp ond\u02c6<span class="_13 blank"></span>encias,<span class="_34 blank"> </span>quer</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y6c ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws85">na vida real, quer na matem´<span class="_13 blank"></span>atica,<span class="_37 blank"> </span>que n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao corresp<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ondem a fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1a blank"></span>oes no sentido</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y6d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws86">que acima demos a este termo.<span class="_1f blank"> </span>Isto tem a v<span class="_f blank"></span>er com<span class="_b blank"> </span>o facto de que fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1a blank"></span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>es</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y6e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws87">dev<span class="_f blank"></span>em<span class="_1d blank"> </span>fazer corresp<span class="_4 blank"> </span>onder a cada ob<span class="_c blank"> </span>jeto de <span class="ff7 ls49">A</span><span class="ws88">um,<span class="_1d blank"> </span>e<span class="_26 blank"> </span>um<span class="_26 blank"> </span>s´<span class="_13 blank"></span>o,<span class="_1d blank"> </span>ob j<span class="_4 blank"> </span>eto<span class="_26 blank"> </span>de<span class="_26 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls13">B</span>.</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y6f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1a">V<span class="_2 blank"></span>eja mos<span class="_6 blank"> </span>alguns<span class="_6 blank"> </span>exemplos<span class="_18 blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span>corresp ond\u02c6<span class="_13 blank"></span>encias<span class="_18 blank"> </span>que<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff6 ws89">n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff2 ws8a">s\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao func\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes:</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y70 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3d">Exemplo 5</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y71 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8b">Se <span class="ff7 ls3c">A</span><span class="ws8c">for o<span class="_34 blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>onjunto c<span class="_f blank"></span>onstituido<span class="_34 blank"> </span>p<span class="_f blank"></span>or to<span class="_f blank"></span>dos<span class="_34 blank"> </span>os p<span class="_f blank"></span>a<span class="_27 blank"></span>´<span class="_e blank"></span>\u0131ses eur<span class="_f blank"></span>op<span class="_f blank"></span>eus<span class="_34 blank"> </span>e<span class="_34 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls4a">B</span><span class="ws8d">for o c<span class="_f blank"></span>on-</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y72 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws50">junto de to<span class="_f blank"></span>das as<span class="_b blank"> </span>cidades eur<span class="_f blank"></span>op<span class="_f blank"></span>eias, a c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>nd\u02c6<span class="_13 blank"></span>encia que a c<span class="_f blank"></span>ada p<span class="_f blank"></span>a<span class="_27 blank"></span>´<span class="_e blank"></span>\u0131s (i.e.</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y73 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8e">a c<span class="_f blank"></span>ada elem<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ento de <span class="ff7 ws2a">A</span><span class="ws8f">) faz c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>onder as cidades desse p<span class="_27 blank"></span>a<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131s n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_26 blank"> </span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e uma</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h12 y74 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws90">fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao p<span class="_f blank"></span>ois, em g<span class="_4 blank"> </span>er<span class="_f blank"></span>al, um p<span class="_f blank"></span>a<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131s tem m<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ais do que<span class="_34 blank"> </span>uma cidade<span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ffb fs5 ls4b v3">1</span><span class="ls4c">.</span><span class="ff9">\ue004</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y75 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3d">Exemplo 6</div><div class="t m0 x9 h13 y76 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws91">Se c<span class="_f blank"></span>onsid<span class="_4 blank"> </span>er<span class="_f blank"></span>armos <span class="ff7 ls16">A<span class="ff2 ls4d">=<span class="ffa ls37">R<span class="ffb fs5 ls4e v3">+</span></span><span class="ls1 ws30">=]0</span></span><span class="ls2f">,<span class="ff2 ls4f">+<span class="ff8 ls50">\u221e</span><span class="ls51">[</span></span></span></span><span class="ls47">e<span class="ff7 ls21">B<span class="ff2 ls52">=<span class="ffa ls37">R</span></span></span></span><span class="ws92">, a c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>ond\u02c6<span class="_1e blank"></span>encia que a c<span class="_27 blank"></span>ad<span class="_4 blank"> </span>a</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y77 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws4d">n´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umer<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls53">a<span class="ff8 ls54">\u2208</span><span class="ls2">A</span></span><span class="ws6d">faz<span class="_26 blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>onder o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>(s) elemento(s) <span class="ff7 ls55">b<span class="ff8 ls54">\u2208</span><span class="ls56">B</span></span><span class="ws49">c<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ujo<span class="_b blank"> </span>quadr<span class="_f blank"></span>ad<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o ´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_b blank"> </span>o</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y78 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws4d">n´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umer<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls57">a</span><span class="ws92">dado, n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao c<span class="_f blank"></span>onstitui uma fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao p<span class="_f blank"></span>ois, p<span class="_f blank"></span>or exe<span class="_4 blank"> </span>mplo, p<span class="_f blank"></span>ar<span class="_f blank"></span>a o n´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umer<span class="_f blank"></span>o</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h13 y79 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls58">4<span class="ff8 ls59">\u2208<span class="ff7 ls26">A</span></span><span class="ls52">=<span class="ffa ls5a">R<span class="ffb fs5 ls5b v3">+</span><span class="ff6 ls1 ws4d">existem<span class="_18 blank"> </span>do is<span class="_18 blank"> </span>n ´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umer<span class="_f blank"></span>os<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls5c">b</span><span class="ws93">de <span class="ff7 ls5d">B<span class="ff2 ls5e">=<span class="ffa ls5f">R</span></span></span><span class="ws94">cujo<span class="_34 blank"> </span>quadr<span class="_f blank"></span>ado ´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e <span class="ff2 ls2e">4</span><span class="ls60">:<span class="ff7 ls61">b<span class="ff2 ls5e">=</span></span></span><span class="ff8 ws95">\u2212<span class="ff2 ls62">2</span></span>e</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h13 y7a ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls61">b<span class="ff2 ls1 ws96">= 2<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff6 ws97">(visto que<span class="_34 blank"> </span></span><span class="lsc">(</span><span class="ff8 ws95">\u2212</span><span class="ws30">2)<span class="ffb fs5 ls63 v3">2</span><span class="ws98">= 4<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff6 ws99">e<span class="_18 blank"> </span>tamb´<span class="_1e blank"></span>em <span class="ff2 ls64">2<span class="ffb fs5 ls63 v3">2</span><span class="ls1 ws98">= 4</span></span><span class="ws9a">). <span class="ff9">\ue004</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y7b ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws9b">2<span class="_30 blank"> </span>F<span class="_38 blank"></span>un¸<span class="_32 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_33 blank"></span>oes reais<span class="_1 blank"> </span>de v<span class="_2 blank"></span>ari´<span class="_33 blank"></span>av<span class="_f blank"></span>e<span class="_4 blank"> </span>l real:<span class="_39 blank"> </span>conceit<span class="_4 blank"> </span>os</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y7c ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws9c">b´<span class="_33 blank"></span>asicos</div><div class="t m0 x9 h3 y7d ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws9d">2.1<span class="_19 blank"> </span>De\ufb01ni¸<span class="_1b blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_3a blank"></span>ao, gr´<span class="_3a blank"></span>a\ufb01co e dom<span class="_3b blank"></span>´<span class="_1a blank"></span>\u0131nio</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y7e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws9e">A partir desta sec¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao cen<span class="_5 blank"></span>traremos a nossa<span class="_37 blank"> </span>aten¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o,<span class="_37 blank"> </span>exclusiv<span class="_27 blank"></span>amen<span class="_f blank"></span>t<span class="_4 blank"> </span>e,<span class="_a blank"> </span>no estudo</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y7f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws9f">de fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_34 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls65">f</span><span class="ls23">:<span class="ff7 ls18">A<span class="ff8 ls25">\u2192</span><span class="ls66">B</span></span></span><span class="wsa0">em que <span class="ff7 ls67">A</span><span class="ls68">e<span class="ff7 ls66">B</span></span><span class="ws14">s\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_18 blank"> </span>o<span class="_34 blank"> </span>conjun<span class="_f blank"></span>to<span class="_34 blank"> </span>do<span class="_18 blank"> </span>n ´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umeros<span class="_6 blank"> </span>reais<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ffa ls69">R</span><span class="ws30">ou</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h12 y80 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsa1">alguns dos seus sub<span class="_4 blank"> </span>conjun<span class="_5 blank"></span>tos.<span class="_28 blank"> </span>Estas fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>es s\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao c<span class="_5 blank"></span>hamadas \u201cfun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>oes reais<span class="ffb fs5 v3">2</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h12 y81 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsa2">de v<span class="_f blank"></span>ari´<span class="_13 blank"></span>av<span class="_5 blank"></span>el real<span class="ffb fs5 ls6a v3">3</span><span class="wsa3">\u201d.<span class="_26 blank"> </span>Estas<span class="_6 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_6 blank"> </span>est\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_6 blank"> </span>muito<span class="_a blank"> </span>long e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span>constituirem<span class="_6 blank"> </span>to das<span class="_6 blank"> </span>as</span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h14 y82 ffd fs6 fc0 sc0 ls6b">1<span class="ff4 fs7 ls1 wsa4 v5">Com<span class="_37 blank"> </span>alguma s,<span class="_37 blank"> </span>muito<span class="_37 blank"> </span>po ucas,<span class="_37 blank"> </span>exc e¸<span class="_d blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_7 blank"></span>o es<span class="_37 blank"> </span>como<span class="_a blank"> </span>o<span class="_37 blank"> </span>V<span class="_27 blank"></span>aticano .</span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h14 y83 ffd fs6 fc0 sc0 ls6b">2<span class="ff4 fs7 ls1 wsa5 v5">Porque <span class="ffe ls6c">B<span class="ff8 ls6d">\u2286<span class="ffa ls6e">R</span></span></span>.</span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h14 y84 ffd fs6 fc0 sc0 ls6b">3<span class="ff4 fs7 ls1 wsa5 v5">Porque <span class="ffe ls6f">A<span class="ff8 ls70">\u2286<span class="ffa ls6e">R</span></span></span>.</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y85 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">4</div><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[4,"XYZ",121.023,144.875,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:408.664000px;bottom:422.084000px;width:4.556000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[4,"XYZ",121.023,132.83,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:485.104000px;bottom:179.804000px;width:4.796000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[4,"XYZ",121.023,120.905,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:178.984000px;bottom:165.404000px;width:4.796000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x13 y86 w2 h15" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/23baabea-f961-49a6-b131-e5a76ee62ff4/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y1d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsa6">fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>o es<span class="_6 blank"> </span>imp ortantes<span class="_a blank"> </span>em<span class="_18 blank"> </span>matem´<span class="_13 blank"></span>atica,<span class="_18 blank"> </span>mas<span class="_6 blank"> </span>to<span class="_c blank"> </span>das<span class="_6 blank"> </span>as<span class="_6 blank"> </span>outras<span class="_18 blank"> </span>classes<span class="_6 blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y1e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsa6">imp ortan<span class="_5 blank"></span>tes<span class="_1d blank"> </span>s\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_1d blank"> </span>construidas,<span class="_15 blank"> </span>de<span class="_26 blank"> </span>algum<span class="_1d blank"> </span>mo do,<span class="_15 blank"> </span>com<span class="_26 blank"> </span>ba se<span class="_1d blank"> </span>ne<span class="_5 blank"></span>stas.<span class="_2a blank"> </span>Por<span class="_26 blank"> </span>esta</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y1f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsa7">raz\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao, o estudo das fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes reais de v<span class="_f blank"></span>ari´<span class="_13 blank"></span>av<span class="_5 blank"></span>el real constitui um primeiro passo</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y20 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">fundamen<span class="_f blank"></span>tal<span class="_6 blank"> </span>no<span class="_a blank"> </span>estudo<span class="_a blank"> </span>das<span class="_a blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_a blank"> </span>e<span class="_a blank"> </span>ser´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_a blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>´<span class="_13 blank"></span>unico<span class="_a blank"> </span>tip o<span class="_a blank"> </span>de<span class="_a blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>oes<span class="_a blank"> </span>que<span class="_a blank"> </span>iremos</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y21 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsa8">considerar nesta unidade curricular.</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y22 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsa9">No con<span class="_f blank"></span>texto<span class="_15 blank"> </span>da<span class="_4 blank"> </span>s fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>es reais de v<span class="_f blank"></span>ari´<span class="_1e blank"></span>av<span class="_f blank"></span>el r<span class="_4 blank"> </span>eal<span class="_1d blank"> </span>´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e usual represen<span class="_f blank"></span>tar<span class="_31 blank"> </span>os</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y23 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsaa">elemen<span class="_f blank"></span>tos<span class="_15 blank"> </span>de <span class="ff7 ls71">A</span><span class="wsab">e de <span class="ff7 ls72">B</span><span class="ws14">p or<span class="_1d blank"> </span>letras<span class="_1d blank"> </span>min ´<span class="_13 blank"></span>usculas<span class="_1d blank"> </span>do<span class="_1d blank"> </span>\ufb01nal<span class="_15 blank"> </span>do<span class="_1d blank"> </span>alfab eto<span class="_1d blank"> </span>latino</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y24 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsc">(<span class="ff7 ls1 wsac">x, y<span class="_4 blank"> </span>, w<span class="_c blank"> </span>, z<span class="_4 blank"> </span></span><span class="ls1 wsad">).<span class="_2a blank"> </span>Usualmen<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_1d blank"> </span>utiliza-<span class="_4 blank"> </span>se <span class="ff7 ls73">x</span><span class="wsae">para designar o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>s elemen<span class="_f blank"></span>tos<span class="_1d blank"> </span>de<span class="_1d blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls7">A</span><span class="ls74">e</span><span class="ff7">y</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y25 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsaf">os elemen<span class="_f blank"></span>tos<span class="_26 blank"> </span>de <span class="ff7 ls13">B</span><span class="ws14">.<span class="_25 blank"> </span>Se<span class="_b blank"> </span>b em<span class="_26 blank"> </span>que<span class="_26 blank"> </span>n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_26 blank"> </span>ha ja<span class="_26 blank"> </span>nenh<span class="_f blank"></span>um<span class="_1d blank"> </span>s<span class="_5 blank"></span>igni\ufb01cado<span class="_26 blank"> </span>matem´<span class="_13 blank"></span>atico</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y87 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">neste<span class="_18 blank"> </span>h´<span class="_1e blank"></span>abito<span class="_34 blank"> </span>e<span class="_34 blank"> </span>qualquer<span class="_18 blank"> </span>o utra<span class="_18 blank"> </span>s<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131m<span class="_5 blank"></span>b ologia<span class="_34 blank"> </span>seja<span class="_34 blank"> </span>aceit´<span class="_13 blank"></span>av<span class="_5 blank"></span>el,<span class="_34 blank"> </span>iremos<span class="_34 blank"> </span>man<span class="_f blank"></span>ter<span class="_b blank"> </span>esta</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y88 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws30">tradi¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao.</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y89 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsb0">Assim, a fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 ls11">f</span><span class="wsb1">que aos elemen<span class="_5 blank"></span>tos <span class="ff7 ls75">x<span class="ff8 ls76">\u2208</span><span class="ls77">A</span></span><span class="ws1a">fa z<span class="_34 blank"> </span>correspo nder<span class="_34 blank"> </span>elemen<span class="_f blank"></span>tos</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y8a ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls78">y<span class="ff8 ls79">\u2208</span><span class="ls56">B<span class="ff2 ls1 ws14">´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e,<span class="_1d blank"> </span>p or<span class="_26 blank"> </span>vez<span class="_5 blank"></span>es,<span class="_1d blank"> </span>represen<span class="_f blank"></span>tada<span class="_1d blank"> </span>explicitamen<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_1d blank"> </span>p ela<span class="_1d blank"> </span>corres<span class="_5 blank"></span>p ond<span class="_f blank"></span>\u02c6<span class="_7 blank"></span>encia<span class="_1d blank"> </span>em</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y8b ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsb2">causa,<span class="_26 blank"> </span>ou seja,<span class="_1d blank"> </span>algo como <span class="ff7 ls7a">f</span><span class="ls7b">:<span class="ff7 ls7c">x</span></span><span class="ff8 wsb3">7\u2192 <span class="ff7 ls7d">y</span></span><span class="wsb4">.<span class="_24 blank"> </span>Mais vulgarmen<span class="_5 blank"></span>te,<span class="_26 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls7e">f</span><span class="wsb5">´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e tamb<span class="_f blank"></span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>em<span class="_26 blank"> </span>re-</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y8c ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">presen<span class="_f blank"></span>tada<span class="_34 blank"> </span>p or<span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls7f">y</span><span class="ls5e">=<span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="lsc">(</span></span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="ws8a">), se b<span class="_4 blank"> </span>em que esta nota¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao tenha o incon<span class="_f blank"></span>ve<span class="_5 blank"></span>nien<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_34 blank"> </span>de</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y8d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsb6">confundir a fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 ls11">f</span><span class="wsb7">(que ´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e,<span class="_b blank"> </span>como<span class="_b blank"> </span>se referiu<span class="_b blank"> </span>na<span class="_34 blank"> </span>De\ufb01ni¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao Intuitiv<span class="_27 blank"></span>a<span class="_b blank"> </span>1,<span class="_b blank"> </span>uma</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y8e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsa6">\u201ccorresp ond<span class="_f blank"></span>\u02c6<span class="_7 blank"></span>encia\u201d<span class="_26 blank"> </span>en<span class="_f blank"></span>tre<span class="_26 blank"> </span>dois<span class="_b blank"> </span>conjun<span class="_5 blank"></span>tos)<span class="_b blank"> </span>com<span class="_26 blank"> </span>o<span class="_b blank"> </span>v<span class="_f blank"></span>alor<span class="_b blank"> </span>que<span class="_26 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls80">f</span><span class="wsb8">assume no ele-</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y8f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsb9">men<span class="_f blank"></span>to <span class="ff7 ls81">x</span><span class="wsba">do conjunto <span class="ff7 ls82">A</span><span class="ws14">(e<span class="_9 blank"> </span>que<span class="_9 blank"> </span>represen<span class="_f blank"></span>t´<span class="_1e blank"></span>amos<span class="_37 blank"> </span>p or<span class="_9 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls7d">y</span><span class="wsbb">).<span class="_b blank"> </span>Usualmen<span class="_5 blank"></span>te,<span class="_37 blank"> </span>se tiv<span class="_f blank"></span>ermos</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y90 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsbc">presen<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_34 blank"> </span>esta distin¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_4 blank"> </span>, a utiliza¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao da nota¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 ls83">y</span><span class="ls5e">=<span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="lsc">(</span></span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="wsbd">) para represen<span class="_f blank"></span>tar<span class="_34 blank"> </span>a</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y91 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsbe">fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="wsbf">, n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>carreta incon<span class="_5 blank"></span>v<span class="_f blank"></span>enien<span class="_f blank"></span>tes<span class="_34 blank"> </span>de maior.</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y92 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3d">Exemplo 7</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y93 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsc0">A fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 ls4">f<span class="ff2 ls84">:<span class="ffa ls3f">R<span class="ff8 ls85">\u2192</span><span class="ls86">R</span></span></span></span><span class="wsc1">que a c<span class="_f blank"></span>ada <span class="ff7 ls87">x<span class="ff8 ls54">\u2208<span class="ffa ls88">R</span></span></span><span class="ws6d">faz<span class="_26 blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>onder o<span class="_26 blank"> </span>se<span class="_4 blank"> </span>u do<span class="_4 blank"> </span>br<span class="_f blank"></span>o,<span class="_26 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ls2e">2</span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span>,</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h16 y94 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsc2">p<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_f blank"></span>de ser r<span class="_f blank"></span>epr<span class="_f blank"></span>esentada p<span class="_f blank"></span>or qualquer das nota¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes se<span class="_f blank"></span>guintes:<span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls89 v6">x<span class="ffc fs5 ls8a">f</span></span><span class="fff fs7 v7">5<span class="ff10 ls8b">5</span></span><span class="ff2 ls2e v8">2<span class="ff7 ls81">x</span></span><span class="wsc3 v0">, ou</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y95 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls14">f<span class="ff2 ls8c">:</span><span class="ls8d">x<span class="ff8 ls1 wsc4">7\u2192 <span class="ff2 ls2e">2</span></span><span class="ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ff6 wsc5">, ou </span><span class="lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span></span>x<span class="ff2 wsc6">) = 2</span>x<span class="ff6 wsc5">, ou </span><span class="ls7f">y</span><span class="ff2 wsc6">= 2</span>x<span class="ff6 ls8e">.</span><span class="ff9">\ue004</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y96 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsc7">P<span class="_f blank"></span>ort<span class="_4 blank"> </span>an<span class="_f blank"></span>t<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o, uma fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 ls19">f</span><span class="wsc8">\ufb01ca completamen<span class="_f blank"></span>te conhecida se conhecermos o</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y97 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsc9">conjun<span class="_f blank"></span>to<span class="_6 blank"> </span>de to<span class="_c blank"> </span>dos os poss<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131ve<span class="_5 blank"></span>is pares de v<span class="_f blank"></span>alores (<span class="ff7 wsca">x,<span class="_3c blank"> </span>y </span><span class="wscb">), onde <span class="ff7 ls8d">x<span class="ff8 ls8f">\u2208</span><span class="ls18">A</span></span><span class="ls90">e<span class="ff7 ls7f">y</span><span class="ls4d">=<span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="lsc">(</span></span></span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span>)</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y98 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wscc">´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e o elemen<span class="_5 blank"></span>to de <span class="ff7 ls2a">B</span><span class="wscd">que<span class="_26 blank"> </span>resulta de <span class="ff7 ls91">x</span><span class="ws14">p or<span class="_b blank"> </span>aplica¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a o<span class="_b blank"> </span>de<span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsb">f</span>.<span class="_28 blank"> </span>Note-se<span class="_b blank"> </span>que,<span class="_b blank"> </span>p elo</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y99 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsce">que \ufb01cou escrito<span class="_34 blank"> </span>na De\ufb01ni¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao In<span class="_5 blank"></span>tuitiv<span class="_27 blank"></span>a<span class="_34 blank"> </span>1,<span class="_34 blank"> </span>a cada <span class="ff7 ls92">x</span><span class="wscf">de <span class="ff7 ls67">A</span><span class="wsd0">corresp onder´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_34 blank"> </span>um,</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y9a ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1a">e<span class="_18 blank"> </span>ap enas<span class="_18 blank"> </span>um,<span class="_18 blank"> </span>elemen<span class="_f blank"></span>t o<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls93">y</span><span class="wsd1">de <span class="ff7 ls13">B</span><span class="wsce">.<span class="_15 blank"> </span>Ou seja, se no conjun<span class="_5 blank"></span>to de pares ordenados</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y9b ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsd2">que represen<span class="_f blank"></span>tam uma determinada rela¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1a blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o matem´<span class="_13 blank"></span>atica estiv<span class="_f blank"></span>erem<span class="_26 blank"> </span>incluidos</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y9c ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsd3">sim<span class="_f blank"></span>ultaneamen<span class="_5 blank"></span>te<span class="_b blank"> </span>os pares (<span class="ff7 wsd4">a, b</span><span class="wsd5">) e (<span class="ff7 wsd4">a, c</span><span class="wsd6">) com <span class="ff7 ls5c">b</span><span class="ff8 ws95">6</span><span class="ls94">=<span class="ff7 ls95">c</span></span><span class="ws14">,<span class="_b blank"> </span>en<span class="_f blank"></span>t\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao<span class="_b blank"> </span>p o demos<span class="_34 blank"> </span>concluir</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y9d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsd7">que a rela¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao em causa <span class="ff6 ws49">n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao ´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_1d blank"> </span><span class="ff2 wsd8">uma<span class="_b blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao.<span class="_28 blank"> </span>Recipro camen<span class="_f blank"></span>te,<span class="_26 blank"> </span>se<span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls80">f</span><span class="wsd9">for uma</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y9e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsda">fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o, e se os par<span class="_4 blank"> </span>es (<span class="ff7 wsd4">a, b</span><span class="wsdb">) e (<span class="ff7 wsd4">a, c</span><span class="ws14">)<span class="_37 blank"> </span>estiv<span class="_f blank"></span>erem<span class="_37 blank"> </span>no<span class="_a blank"> </span>conjun<span class="_f blank"></span>to<span class="_a blank"> </span>de<span class="_37 blank"> </span>to dos<span class="_37 blank"> </span>os<span class="_37 blank"> </span>p oss<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131v<span class="_f blank"></span>eis</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y9f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">pares<span class="_34 blank"> </span>de<span class="_34 blank"> </span>v<span class="_f blank"></span>alores<span class="_34 blank"> </span>determinados<span class="_34 blank"> </span>p or<span class="_34 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="wsdc">, en<span class="_f blank"></span>t\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao,<span class="_b blank"> </span>necess<span class="_5 blank"></span>ariamen<span class="_f blank"></span>te,<span class="_26 blank"> </span>tem de se ter</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 ya0 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls61">b<span class="ff2 ls4d">=</span><span class="ls95">c<span class="ff2 ls1 wsdd">.<span class="_26 blank"> </span>Esta brev<span class="_f blank"></span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>discuss\u02dc<span class="_1a blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>motiv<span class="_f blank"></span>a a seguin<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_6 blank"> </span>de\ufb01ni¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao (rigo<span class="_4 blank"> </span>rosa) de <span class="ff6 ws30">fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 ya1 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsde">De\ufb01ni¸<span class="_1a blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1a blank"></span>ao 1</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 ya2 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsdf">Uma fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 ls22">f<span class="ff2 ls23">:</span><span class="ls24">A<span class="ff8 ls96">\u2282<span class="ffa ls45">R</span><span class="ls25">\u2192</span></span><span class="ls97">B<span class="ff8 ls96">\u2282<span class="ffa ls69">R</span></span></span></span></span><span class="wse0">´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e uma c<span class="_f blank"></span>ole¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c<span class="_4 blank"> </span>\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao (ou seja, um<span class="_34 blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>njunto) de</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 ya3 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wse1">p<span class="_f blank"></span>ar<span class="_f blank"></span>es<span class="_18 blank"> </span>or<span class="_f blank"></span>denados <span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ff7 wse2">x,<span class="_3c blank"> </span>y <span class="ff2 ls98">)<span class="ff8 ls8f">\u2208</span></span><span class="ls99">A<span class="ff8 ls9a">×</span><span class="ls66">B</span></span></span><span class="ws94">c<span class="_f blank"></span>om a se<span class="_f blank"></span>guinte pr<span class="_f blank"></span>oprie<span class="_f blank"></span>d<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ade:<span class="_26 blank"> </span>se <span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ff7 wsd4">a, b<span class="ff2 ls9b">)</span></span><span class="ls9c">e<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span></span><span class="ff7 wsd4">a, c<span class="ff2">)</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 ya4 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws90">est\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao amb<span class="_f blank"></span>os na c<span class="_f blank"></span>ol<span class="_4 blank"> </span>e¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao, ent\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 ls61">b<span class="ff2 ls4d">=</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">c.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 ya5 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">5</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x9 ya6 w3 h17" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/23baabea-f961-49a6-b131-e5a76ee62ff4/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 xa h7 y1d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">N\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_26 blank"> </span>obstante<span class="_26 blank"> </span>esta<span class="_1d blank"> </span>de\ufb01ni¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_1d blank"> </span>rigorosa<span class="_26 blank"> </span>de<span class="_1d blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao,<span class="_15 blank"> </span>po demos<span class="_1d blank"> </span>(e<span class="_26 blank"> </span>dev<span class="_f blank"></span>emos!)</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y1e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">con<span class="_f blank"></span>tinuar<span class="_10 blank"> </span>a<span class="_9 blank"> </span>p ensar<span class="_10 blank"> </span>em<span class="_10 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_10 blank"> </span>como<span class="_10 blank"> </span>tr aduzindo<span class="_10 blank"> </span>o<span class="_10 blank"> </span>conceito<span class="_9 blank"> </span>de<span class="_10 blank"> </span>corresp ond<span class="_f blank"></span>\u02c6<span class="_7 blank"></span>encia</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y1f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wse3">en<span class="_f blank"></span>tre<span class="_a blank"> </span>elemen<span class="_f blank"></span>to<span class="_4 blank"> </span>s<span class="_a blank"> </span>de dois conjuntos, de acordo<span class="_a blank"> </span>com a D<span class="_4 blank"> </span>e\ufb01ni¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_a blank"> </span>In<span class="_5 blank"></span>tuitiv<span class="_27 blank"></span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span>1.<span class="_b blank"> </span>No</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y20 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wse4">en<span class="_f blank"></span>tanto,<span class="_18 blank"> </span>a<span class="_34 blank"> </span>no¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao<span class="_18 blank"> </span>de<span class="_34 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_34 blank"> </span>expressa<span class="_34 blank"> </span>na<span class="_6 blank"> </span>D<span class="_4 blank"> </span>e\ufb01ni¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_34 blank"> </span>1<span class="_34 blank"> </span>n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao ´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_34 blank"> </span>totalmen<span class="_5 blank"></span>te<span class="_18 blank"> </span>irrele-</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y21 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wse5">v<span class="_f blank"></span>an<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_6 blank"> </span>para<span class="_18 blank"> </span>a constru¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o \u201cpsicol´<span class="_13 blank"></span>ogica\u201d<span class="_18 blank"> </span>da ideia de fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao, j´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a que sugere uma</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y22 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wse6">forma<span class="_b blank"> </span>visual<span class="_26 blank"> </span>para<span class="_b blank"> </span>represen<span class="_5 blank"></span>tar<span class="_26 blank"> </span>o<span class="_b blank"> </span>mo do<span class="_26 blank"> </span>de<span class="_b blank"> </span>a¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_b blank"> </span>das<span class="_26 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_26 blank"> </span>que<span class="_34 blank"> </span>´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e<span class="_b blank"> </span>extrema-</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y23 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wse7">men<span class="_f blank"></span>te imp<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>rtan<span class="_5 blank"></span>te:<span class="_15 blank"> </span>repre<span class="_5 blank"></span>sen<span class="_f blank"></span>tando geometricamente no<span class="_6 blank"> </span>plano to<span class="_4 blank"> </span>dos os<span class="_6 blank"> </span>pares</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y24 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsc">(<span class="ff7 ls1 wse2">x,<span class="_36 blank"> </span>y </span><span class="ls1 wse8">) (onde <span class="ff7 ls9d">y</span><span class="ls9e">=<span class="ff7 lsb">f</span></span></span>(<span class="ff7 ls1 ws2a">x</span><span class="ls1 wse9">)) \ufb01camos com<span class="_b blank"> </span>o que<span class="_b blank"> </span>se ch<span class="_5 blank"></span>ama o <span class="ff6 wsea">gr´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a\ufb01c<span class="_f blank"></span>o <span class="ff2 wseb">da fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 lsb">f</span>,</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y25 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">que<span class="_6 blank"> </span>represen<span class="_f blank"></span>t aremos<span class="_18 blank"> </span>p ela<span class="_6 blank"> </span>nota¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ls9f">G</span><span class="lsc">(<span class="ff7 lsb">f</span></span><span class="ws30">).</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y47 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3d">Exemplo 8</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y48 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsec">A fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 lsa0">f<span class="ff2 ls51">:<span class="ffa ls69">R<span class="ff8 lsa1">\u2192</span><span class="lsa2">R</span></span></span></span><span class="wsed">que<span class="_b blank"> </span>a c<span class="_f blank"></span>ada <span class="ff7 lsa3">x<span class="ff8 lsa4">\u2208<span class="ffa lsa2">R</span></span></span><span class="ws8d">faz<span class="_b blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>onde<span class="_4 blank"> </span>r o<span class="_34 blank"> </span>se<span class="_4 blank"> </span>u dob<span class="_4 blank"> </span>r<span class="_f blank"></span>o,<span class="_34 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ls2e">2</span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="wsee">, e</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h12 y49 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsef">que r<span class="_f blank"></span>epr<span class="_f blank"></span>esentar<span class="_f blank"></span>emo<span class="_4 blank"> </span>s p<span class="_f blank"></span>or <span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ff2 wsf0">) = 2</span><span class="ls75">x</span></span></span><span class="ws50">tem o gr´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a\ufb01c<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="ffb fs5 lsa5 v3">4</span><span class="wsf1">apr<span class="_f blank"></span>ese<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ntado na Figur<span class="_f blank"></span>a 1,</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 ya7 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsf2">onde, p<span class="_f blank"></span>ar<span class="_f blank"></span>a ilustr<span class="_27 blank"></span>a¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao, for<span class="_f blank"></span>am indic<span class="_f blank"></span>ad<span class="_4 blank"> </span>os<span class="_37 blank"> </span>explicitame<span class="_4 blank"> </span>nte<span class="_37 blank"> </span>alguns p<span class="_f blank"></span>ar<span class="_f blank"></span>es or<span class="_f blank"></span>denados</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 ya8 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsc">(<span class="ff7 ls1 wsf3">x,<span class="_36 blank"> </span>f </span>(<span class="ff7 ls1 ws2a">x</span><span class="ls1 ws30">))<span class="ff6 lsa6">.</span><span class="ff9">\ue004</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y4c ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3d">Exemplo 9</div><div class="t m0 x9 h12 y4d ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsf4">A fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 lsa7">g<span class="ff2 ls15">:<span class="ffa lsa8">R<span class="ff8 lsa9">\u2192</span><span class="lsaa">R</span></span></span></span><span class="wsf5">que<span class="_34 blank"> </span>a c<span class="_f blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>da <span class="ff7 lsab">x<span class="ff8 lsac">\u2208<span class="ffa ls5f">R</span></span></span><span class="wsf6">faz c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>es<span class="_4 blank"> </span>p<span class="_f blank"></span>onder o seu<span class="_34 blank"> </span>quadr<span class="_f blank"></span>ado, <span class="ff7 ws2a">x<span class="ffb fs5 ls6a v3">2</span></span>,</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h18 y4e ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8c">e que<span class="_34 blank"> </span>r<span class="_f blank"></span>epr<span class="_f blank"></span>ese<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ntar<span class="_f blank"></span>emos p<span class="_f blank"></span>or <span class="ff7 lsad">g<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ff2 ws62">) = </span>x<span class="ffb fs5 lsae v2">2</span></span></span><span class="ws50">tem o gr´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a\ufb01c<span class="_f blank"></span>o apr<span class="_f blank"></span>esentado na Figur<span class="_f blank"></span>a 2</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y4f ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsf7">(c<span class="_f blank"></span>onsider<span class="_f blank"></span>ando ap<span class="_f blank"></span>enas valo<span class="_4 blank"> </span>r<span class="_f blank"></span>es de <span class="ff7 ls92">x</span><span class="wsf8">entr<span class="_f blank"></span>e <span class="ff8 ws95">\u2212<span class="ff2 ls62">2</span></span><span class="lsaf">e<span class="ff2 ls2e">3</span></span><span class="wsf9">). <span class="ff9">\ue004</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 ya9 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">Nem<span class="_18 blank"> </span>sempre<span class="_6 blank"> </span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"> </span>p oss<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131ve<span class="_5 blank"></span>l<span class="_18 blank"> </span>dar<span class="_34 blank"> </span>sen<span class="_f blank"></span>tido<span class="_34 blank"> </span>matem´<span class="_13 blank"></span>atico<span class="_34 blank"> </span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span>certas<span class="_34 blank"> </span>express\u02dc<span class="_1a blank"></span>o es,<span class="_18 blank"> </span>p elo</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yaa ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">que,<span class="_9 blank"> </span>nesses<span class="_9 blank"> </span>casos,<span class="_9 blank"> </span>se<span class="_9 blank"> </span>a<span class="_10 blank"> </span>express\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_9 blank"> </span>pretender<span class="_9 blank"> </span>traduzir<span class="_9 blank"> </span>sim<span class="_f blank"></span>b olicamen<span class="_5 blank"></span>te<span class="_9 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_9 blank"> </span>certa</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yab ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a o,<span class="_9 blank"> </span>a<span class="_9 blank"> </span>regi\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_9 blank"> </span>onde<span class="_10 blank"> </span>p o<span class="_c blank"> </span>demos<span class="_10 blank"> </span>considerar<span class="_9 blank"> </span>os<span class="_10 blank"> </span>v´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a rios<span class="_10 blank"> </span>v<span class="_f blank"></span>alores<span class="_9 blank"> </span>de<span class="_10 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsb0">x</span><span class="wsfa">n\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao coincidir´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yac ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsfb">com<span class="_6 blank"> </span>to do<span class="_6 blank"> </span>o<span class="_18 blank"> </span>conjun<span class="_f blank"></span>to<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ffa ls37">R<span class="ff7 lsb1">.</span></span><span class="wsfc">Um<span class="_6 blank"> </span>exemplo<span class="_18 blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_6 blank"> </span>situa¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_6 blank"> </span>dessas<span class="_6 blank"> </span>o cor re<span class="_a blank"> </span>quando</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yad ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">consideramos<span class="_26 blank"> </span>a<span class="_26 blank"> </span>raiz<span class="_26 blank"> </span>quadrada<span class="_1d blank"> </span>de<span class="_b blank"> </span>n ´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umeros<span class="_26 blank"> </span>reais:<span class="_28 blank"> </span>como<span class="_26 blank"> </span>o<span class="_26 blank"> </span>quadrado<span class="_26 blank"> </span>de<span class="_26 blank"> </span>um</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yae ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">n ´<span class="_1a blank"></span>umero<span class="_26 blank"> </span>real<span class="_34 blank"> </span>nunca<span class="_34 blank"> </span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_b blank"> </span>negativ<span class="_5 blank"></span>o,<span class="_26 blank"> </span>se<span class="_b blank"> </span>considerarmos<span class="_b blank"> </span>uma<span class="_b blank"> </span>esp<span class="_5 blank"></span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>ecie<span class="_26 blank"> </span>de<span class="_b blank"> </span>\u201cop era¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1a blank"></span>a o</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yaf ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1a">in<span class="_f blank"></span>vers<span class="_5 blank"></span>a\u201d,<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ou<span class="_a blank"> </span>seja,<span class="_6 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_a blank"> </span>op era¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_a blank"> </span>que<span class="_a blank"> </span>a<span class="_a blank"> </span>cada<span class="_a blank"> </span>real<span class="_a blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3a">a</span><span class="ws84">faz<span class="_a blank"> </span>corresp onder<span class="_a blank"> </span>um<span class="_a blank"> </span>real<span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff7">b</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yb0 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">cujo<span class="_6 blank"> </span>quadrado<span class="_6 blank"> </span>´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>n ´<span class="_13 blank"></span>umero<span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsb2">a</span><span class="ws8a">dado, esta n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao p<span class="_c blank"> </span>oder´<span class="_1e blank"></span>a estar de\ufb01nida para reais</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h12 yb1 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsfd">a < <span class="ff2 wsa6">0<span class="_26 blank"> </span>(p ois<span class="_b blank"> </span>n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_b blank"> </span>existe<span class="_26 blank"> </span>nenh<span class="_f blank"></span>um<span class="_26 blank"> </span>real<span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsb3">b</span><span class="wsfe">para o qual <span class="ff7 ws2a">b<span class="ffb fs5 lsb4 v3">2</span></span><span class="ls2b">=</span><span class="ff7 wsff">a < </span><span class="ws100">0)<span class="_4 blank"> </span>. P<span class="_f blank"></span>orta<span class="_4 blank"> </span>n<span class="_f blank"></span>t<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o,</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yb2 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1a">teremos<span class="_34 blank"> </span>de<span class="_18 blank"> </span>restringir<span class="_34 blank"> </span>esta<span class="_34 blank"> </span>\u201cop era¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1a blank"></span>a o<span class="_18 blank"> </span>in<span class="_5 blank"></span>v<span class="_f blank"></span>ersa\u201d<span class="_34 blank"> </span>ap enas<span class="_34 blank"> </span>a<span class="_34 blank"> </span>v<span class="_27 blank"></span>a lores<span class="_18 blank"> </span>de<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls39">a</span><span class="ws101">par<span class="_4 blank"> </span>a os</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yb3 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws102">quais <span class="ff7 ls44">a<span class="ff9 lsb5">></span></span><span class="ws1a">0.<span class="_b blank"> </span>Se<span class="_10 blank"> </span>estiv<span class="_5 blank"></span>ermos<span class="_10 blank"> </span>interess<span class="_5 blank"></span>ados<span class="_9 blank"> </span>ap enas<span class="_10 blank"> </span>em<span class="_9 blank"> </span>reais<span class="_9 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsb6">b<span class="ff9 lsb7">></span></span><span class="ws14">0,<span class="_9 blank"> </span>en<span class="_f blank"></span>t\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao<span class="_9 blank"> </span>p o demos</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h19 yb4 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws103">considerar a<span class="_a blank"> </span>f<span class="_4 blank"> </span>un¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_6 blank"> </span>\u201craiz quadrada\u201d,<span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ws2a">h</span><span class="lsc">(</span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="ws104">) = <span class="ff8 ws95 v9">\u221a</span><span class="ff7 lsb8 v0">x</span><span class="ws105 v0">,<span class="_a blank"> </span>de\ufb01nida<span class="_a blank"> </span>do<span class="_6 blank"> </span>seguin<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_6 blank"> </span>mo do:</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yb5 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws106">para cada <span class="ff7 lsb9">x<span class="ff9 lsba">></span></span><span class="ws107">0 a fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao raiz quadrada faz corresp<span class="_4 blank"> </span>onder<span class="_34 blank"> </span>o<span class="_b blank"> </span>´<span class="_1a blank"></span>unico <span class="ff7 lsbb">y<span class="ff9 lsba">></span></span><span class="ws108">0 tal</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h1a yb6 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws109">que <span class="ff7 lsbc">y<span class="ffb fs5 lsbd v3">2</span></span><span class="ls52">=<span class="ff7 lsb9">x</span></span><span class="ws14">e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>este<span class="_6 blank"> </span>v<span class="_f blank"></span>alor<span class="_6 blank"> </span>represen<span class="_f blank"></span>ta -se<span class="_18 blank"> </span>p or<span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls7f">y</span><span class="ls52">=<span class="ff8 lsbe v9">\u221a</span></span><span class="ff7 ws2a v0">x<span class="ff2">.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h1b yb7 ffd fs6 fc0 sc0 lsbf">4<span class="ff4 fs7 ls1 v8">´</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h1c yb8 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10a">E claro que, e<span class="_4 blank"> </span>stritamente falando, n\u02dc<span class="_e blank"></span>ao<span class="_37 blank"> </span>´<span class="_d blank"></span>e poss<span class="_27 blank"></span>´<span class="_3d blank"></span>\u0131vel<span class="_37 blank"> </span>repr<span class="_4 blank"> </span>esentar<span class="_37 blank"> </span>o g<span class="_4 blank"> </span>r´<span class="_e blank"></span>a\ufb01co duma fun¸<span class="_d blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_7 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o,</div><div class="t m0 x9 h1c yb9 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10b">ainda mais no caso do conjunto dos <span class="ffe lsc0">x</span><span class="ws10c">ser ilimitado,<span class="_a blank"> </span>como ´<span class="_d blank"></span>e o<span class="_a blank"> </span>caso.<span class="_b blank"> </span>O<span class="_37 blank"> </span>que<span class="_a blank"> </span>r<span class="_4 blank"> </span>epresentamos</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h1d yba ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws10a">na Fig<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ura 1 ´<span class="_8 blank"></span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>o<span class="_18 blank"> </span>gr´<span class="_e blank"></span>a\ufb01co cor<span class="_4 blank"> </span>resp<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ondente a v<span class="_5 blank"></span>alores de<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ffe lsc1">x</span><span class="ws10d">ent<span class="_5 blank"></span>re <span class="ff8 lsc2">\u2212</span><span class="ws10e">2 e<span class="_26 blank"> </span><span class="ffd fs6 v3">9</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h1e ybb ffd fs6 fc0 sc0 lsc3">2<span class="ff4 fs7 ls1 ws10f va">, o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>u seja, o<span class="_18 blank"> </span>conjunto</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h1c ybc ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws110">dos pares or<span class="_4 blank"> </span>denados (<span class="ffe ws111">x,<span class="_35 blank"> </span>y </span><span class="wsa4">)<span class="_37 blank"> </span>r epresentado<span class="_9 blank"> </span>p ela<span class="_a blank"> </span>linha<span class="_a blank"> </span>vermelha.</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 ybd ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">6</div><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[2,"XYZ",102.956,299.385,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:461.224000px;bottom:670.724000px;width:6.752000px;height:8.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[5,"XYZ",102.956,196.521,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:359.104000px;bottom:656.324000px;width:6.872000px;height:8.672000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[6,"XYZ",121.023,177.276,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:352.624000px;bottom:527.804000px;width:4.556000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[7,"XYZ",192.45,414.562,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:480.424000px;bottom:527.804000px;width:6.872000px;height:8.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[7,"XYZ",193.895,127.651,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:483.904000px;bottom:436.604000px;width:6.992000px;height:8.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x3 ybe w4 h1f" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/23baabea-f961-49a6-b131-e5a76ee62ff4/bg7.png"><div class="t m0 xe h7 ybf ff8 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls9f">G<span class="ff2 lsc">(<span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="ls1">)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h7 yc0 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2e">2<span class="ff7 ls1">x</span></div><div class="t m0 x16 h7 yc1 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">y</div><div class="t m0 x17 h7 yc2 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">x</div><div class="t m0 x18 h7 yc3 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">x</div><div class="t m0 x19 h7 yc4 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsc">(<span class="ff7 ls1 ws112">x, </span><span class="ls2e">2<span class="ff7 ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ff2">)</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h7 yc5 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws30">(2<span class="ff7 ls2f">,</span>4)</div><div class="t m0 x1b h7 yc6 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws30">(4<span class="ff7 ls2f">,</span>8)</div><div class="t m0 x1c ha yc7 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsc">(<span class="ff8 lsc4">\u2212<span class="ffb fs5 ls1 v2">3</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1d he yc8 ffb fs5 fc0 sc0 lsc5">2<span class="ff7 fs4 ls2f v3">,<span class="ff8 ls1 ws95">\u2212<span class="ff2 ws30">3)</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1e h7 yc9 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws113">0 2</div><div class="t m0 x1f h7 yca ff8 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws95">\u2212<span class="ff2">3</span></div><div class="t m0 x20 h7 ycb ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">4</div><div class="t m0 x21 h7 ycc ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">4</div><div class="t m0 x22 ha ycd ff8 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsc6">\u2212<span class="ffb fs5 ls1 v2">3</span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hf yce ffb fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1">2</div><div class="t m0 x21 h7 ycf ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">8</div><div class="t m0 x24 ha yd0 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws114">Figura 1:<span class="_26 blank"> </span>O gr´<span class="_1e blank"></span>a\ufb01co da fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="lsc">(</span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="ws46">) = 2<span class="ff7 lsb9">x</span><span class="ws115">com <span class="ff7 lsc7">x</span><span class="ws116">entre <span class="ff8 ws95">\u2212</span><span class="ws117">2 e<span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ffb fs5 v2">9</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf he yd1 ffb fs5 fc0 sc0 ls46">2<span class="ff2 fs4 ls1 v3">.</span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h7 yd2 ff8 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls9f">G<span class="ff2 lsc">(<span class="ff7 lsad">g</span><span class="ls1">)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x26 h12 yd3 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ffb fs5 v3">2</span></div><div class="t m0 x27 h7 yd4 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">y</div><div class="t m0 x28 h7 yd5 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsc8">x<span class="ls1 vb">x</span></div><div class="t m0 x20 h12 yd6 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsc">(<span class="ff7 ls1 ws118">x, x<span class="ffb fs5 ls6a v3">2</span><span class="ff2">)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h7 yd7 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws30">(2<span class="ff7 ls2f">,</span>4)</div><div class="t m0 x29 h7 yd8 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws30">(3<span class="ff7 ls2f">,</span>9)</div><div class="t m0 x2a h7 yd9 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsc">(<span class="ff8 ls1 ws95">\u2212</span><span class="ls2e">2<span class="ff7 ls2f">,</span><span class="ls1 ws30">4)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 yda ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsc9">0<span class="ls1 ws30 vc">2<span class="_3e blank"></span><span class="ff8 ws95">\u2212<span class="ff2">2</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 h7 ydb ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">4</div><div class="t m0 x2b h7 ydc ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">3</div><div class="t m0 x2c h7 ydd ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">9</div><div class="t m0 x0 h12 yde ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws114">Figura 2:<span class="_26 blank"> </span>O gr´<span class="_1e blank"></span>a\ufb01co da fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 lsad">g</span><span class="lsc">(</span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="ws46">) = <span class="ff7 ws2a">x<span class="ffb fs5 lsca v3">2</span></span><span class="ws115">com <span class="ff7 lsb9">x</span><span class="ws119">en<span class="_5 blank"></span>tre <span class="ff8 ws95">\u2212</span><span class="ws13">2 e 3.</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 ydf ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">7</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x2d ye0 w5 h20" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/23baabea-f961-49a6-b131-e5a76ee62ff4/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 x2e h7 ye1 ff8 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls9f">G<span class="ff2 lsc">(<span class="ff7 ls1 ws2a">h<span class="ff2">)</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2f h7 ye2 ff8 fs4 fc0 sc0 lscb">\u221a<span class="ff7 ls1 vd">x</span></div><div class="t m0 x30 h7 ye3 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">y</div><div class="t m0 x31 h7 ye4 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 lscc">x<span class="ls1 vc">x</span></div><div class="t m0 x32 h1a ye5 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsc">(<span class="ff7 ls1 ws11a">x, <span class="ff8 lscd v9">\u221a</span><span class="lsb8 v0">x<span class="ff2 ls1">)</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 ye6 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws30">(1<span class="ff7 ls2f">,</span>1)</div><div class="t m0 x33 h7 ye7 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws30">(4<span class="ff7 ls2f">,</span>2)</div><div class="t m0 x14 h7 ye8 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws30">(9<span class="ff7 ls2f">,</span>3)</div><div class="t m0 x34 h7 ye9 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">0</div><div class="t m0 x35 h7 yea ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">1</div><div class="t m0 x36 h7 yeb ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">1</div><div class="t m0 x35 h7 yec ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">2</div><div class="t m0 x1e h7 yed ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">4</div><div class="t m0 x35 h7 yee ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">3</div><div class="t m0 x37 h7 ye9 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">9</div><div class="t m0 x0 h19 yef ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws114">Figura 3:<span class="_26 blank"> </span>O gr´<span class="_1e blank"></span>a\ufb01co da fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 ws2a">h</span><span class="lsc">(</span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="ws104">) = <span class="ff8 lsce v9">\u221a</span><span class="ff7 lsb9 v0">x</span><span class="ws115 v0">com <span class="ff7 lsb9">x</span><span class="ws11b">entre 0 e 9.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yf0 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3d">Exemplo 10</div><div class="t m0 x9 h21 yf1 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws11c">A fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 lscf">h<span class="ff2 lsd0">:<span class="ffa ls5a">R</span></span></span><span class="ffb fs5 v2">+</span></div><div class="t m0 x38 h22 yf2 ffb fs5 fc0 sc0 lsd1">0<span class="ff2 fs4 ls1 ws11d ve">= [0<span class="ff7 ls2f">,<span class="ff2 ls4f">+<span class="ff8 ls50">\u221e</span><span class="ls1 ws30">[<span class="ff8 lsd2">\u2192<span class="ffa lsd3">R</span></span><span class="ff6 ws11e">que a<span class="_1d blank"> </span>c<span class="_5 blank"></span>ada <span class="ff7 lsd4">x<span class="ff8 ls33">\u2208<span class="ffa ls37">R</span></span></span><span class="ffb fs5 v2">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x39 h23 yf2 ffb fs5 fc0 sc0 lsd5">0<span class="ff6 fs4 ls1 ws11f ve">faz c<span class="_f blank"></span>orr<span class="_f blank"></span>esp<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>nder a</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h1a yf3 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws120">sua r<span class="_f blank"></span>aiz quadr<span class="_f blank"></span>ada, <span class="ff8 lsd6 v9">\u221a</span><span class="ff7 lsb8 v0">x</span><span class="ws8c v0">,<span class="_b blank"> </span>e que<span class="_34 blank"> </span>r<span class="_f blank"></span>epr<span class="_f blank"></span>esentar<span class="_f blank"></span>em<span class="_4 blank"> </span>os p<span class="_f blank"></span>or <span class="ff7 ws2a">h<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span>x<span class="ff2 ws121">) = <span class="ff8 lsd7 v9">\u221a</span></span><span class="lsa">x</span></span><span class="ws50">tem o gr´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a\ufb01c<span class="_f blank"></span>o</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yf4 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws122">apr<span class="_f blank"></span>esentado na Figur<span class="_f blank"></span>a 3 (c<span class="_f blank"></span>onsider<span class="_f blank"></span>ando ap<span class="_f blank"></span>enas<span class="_6 blank"> </span>valor<span class="_f blank"></span>es de <span class="ff7 ls92">x</span><span class="ws123">entr<span class="_f blank"></span>e <span class="ff2 ls62">0</span><span class="ls47">e<span class="ff2 ls2e">9</span></span><span class="ws124">). <span class="ff9">\ue004</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 yf5 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws125">Como j´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a tinhamos de\ufb01nido<span class="_26 blank"> </span>anteriormen<span class="_f blank"></span>te (cf.<span class="_26 blank"> </span>p´<span class="_13 blank"></span>ag<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ina 2),<span class="_26 blank"> </span>o <span class="ff6 ws126">dom<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131nio <span class="ff2 ws30">de</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yf6 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws127">uma fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 lsd8">f</span><span class="ws128">´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e o<span class="_b blank"> </span>conjunto dos v<span class="_f blank"></span>alores de<span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls91">x</span><span class="ws129">para<span class="_b blank"> </span>os quais a<span class="_26 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 ls80">f</span><span class="ws30">est´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yf7 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">de\ufb01nida,<span class="_34 blank"> </span>o u<span class="_18 blank"> </span>seja,<span class="_b blank"> </span>para<span class="_34 blank"> </span>os<span class="_18 blank"> </span>quais<span class="_34 blank"> </span>p o<span class="_c blank"> </span>demos<span class="_18 blank"> </span>calcular<span class="_b blank"> </span>a<span class="_18 blank"> </span>cor respondente<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff6 ws30">i<span class="_4 blank"> </span>magem</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yf8 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7f">y<span class="ff2 ls52">=</span><span class="lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ff2 ws30">).</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 yf9 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">´</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 yfa ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws12a">E usual a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>doptar-se a<span class="_18 blank"> </span>seguin<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff5 ws30">conv<span class="_f blank"></span>en¸<span class="_13 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_3 blank"></span>ao<span class="ff2">:</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 yfb ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws12b">A menos que algo s<span class="_5 blank"></span>eja explicitamen<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_31 blank"> </span>esc<span class="_5 blank"></span>rito em con<span class="_f blank"></span>t<span class="_4 blank"> </span>r´<span class="_13 blank"></span>ario,<span class="_31 blank"> </span>o</div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 yfc ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws12c">dom<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131nio de uma fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao dada,<span class="_1d blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="ws12d">, ser´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a sempre o maior sub<span class="_4 blank"> </span>con-</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 yfd ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws12e">jun<span class="_f blank"></span>to <span class="ff7 lsd9">A</span><span class="ws12f">de <span class="ffa lsda">R</span><span class="ws85">pa<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ra o qual <span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="lsc">(</span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="wsfb">)<span class="_37 blank"> </span>faz<span class="_9 blank"> </span>sen<span class="_5 blank"></span>tido<span class="_37 blank"> </span>para<span class="_9 blank"> </span>to dos<span class="_37 blank"> </span>os<span class="_37 blank"> </span>elemen<span class="_f blank"></span>tos</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 yfe ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls8d">x<span class="ff8 ls8f">\u2208</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">A<span class="ff2">.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 yff ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws130">Note-se que para de\ufb01nir uma<span class="_b blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao n\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao basta dar uma express\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_b blank"> </span>para</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y100 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws131">calcular a fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 lsa0">f</span><span class="ws14">n<span class="_f blank"></span>um<span class="_34 blank"> </span>p onto<span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="ws3a">:<span class="_1d blank"> </span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"> </span>necess´<span class="_13 blank"></span>ario<span class="_34 blank"> </span>esp eci\ufb01car<span class="_34 blank"> </span>qual<span class="_6 blank"> </span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"> </span>o<span class="_34 blank"> </span>conjun<span class="_f blank"></span>to</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y101 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws132">onde <span class="ff7 lsb9">x</span><span class="ws133">\u201cviv<span class="_f blank"></span>e\u201d,<span class="_18 blank"> </span>ou<span class="_18 blank"> </span>seja,<span class="_6 blank"> </span>qual ´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>o<span class="_18 blank"> </span>dom<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131nio<span class="_18 blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="ws134">.<span class="_1d blank"> </span>O q<span class="_5 blank"></span>ue e<span class="_5 blank"></span>sta con<span class="_f blank"></span>ve<span class="_5 blank"></span>n¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao a\ufb01rma</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y102 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws135">´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e que, se nada<span class="_37 blank"> </span>for dito em con<span class="_f blank"></span>tr´<span class="_13 blank"></span>ario<span class="_4 blank"> </span>, o dom<span class="_38 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131nio<span class="_6 blank"> </span>de uma fun¸<span class="_1e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 ls14">f</span><span class="ws136">ser´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a sempre</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y103 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>maior<span class="_18 blank"> </span>conjun<span class="_f blank"></span>t o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>p oss<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131v<span class="_f blank"></span>el.<span class="_1d blank"> </span>Habitualmente<span class="_6 blank"> </span>represen<span class="_f blank"></span>t´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a- lo-emos<span class="_6 blank"> </span>p or<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsdb">D<span class="ffc fs5 lsdc vf">f</span></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y104 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3d">Exemplo 11</div><div class="t m0 x9 h1a y105 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws137">A fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 lsdd">\u03d5</span><span class="ff2 ws138">: [0<span class="ff7 ls2f">,</span><span class="ws139">9] <span class="ff8 lsde">\u2192<span class="ffa ls3f">R</span></span></span></span><span class="ws49">de\ufb01nida p<span class="_5 blank"></span>or <span class="ff7 lsdf">\u03d5<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ff2 ws47">) = <span class="ff8 ws95 v9">\u221a</span></span><span class="lse0 v0">x</span></span></span><span class="ws13a v0">e a<span class="_b blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c<span class="_4 blank"> </span>\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 lse1">\u03c8</span><span class="ff2 ws13b">: [4<span class="ff7 ls2f">,</span><span class="ws13c">8] <span class="ff8 lsde">\u2192</span><span class="ffa">R</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h1a y106 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws13d">de\ufb01nida p<span class="_f blank"></span>or <span class="ff7 lse2">\u03c8<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ff2 ws13e">)<span class="_26 blank"> </span>= <span class="ff8 lse3 v9">\u221a</span></span><span class="ls7c">x</span></span></span><span class="ws13f">s\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao duas<span class="_26 blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_26 blank"> </span>distintas:<span class="_1f blank"> </span>se b<span class="_f blank"></span>em que<span class="_1d blank"> </span>tenham a</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y107 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">8</div><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[8,"XYZ",195.582,497.673,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:219.904000px;bottom:419.564000px;width:6.992000px;height:8.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[2,"XYZ",102.956,299.385,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:401.584000px;bottom:387.884000px;width:6.872000px;height:8.672000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x9 y108 w6 h24" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/23baabea-f961-49a6-b131-e5a76ee62ff4/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x2e h7 ye1 ff8 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls9f">G<span class="ff2 lsc">(<span class="ff7 lsdf">\u03d5</span><span class="ls1">)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3a h7 y109 ff8 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls9f">G<span class="ff2 lsc">(<span class="ff7 lse2">\u03c8</span><span class="ls1">)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2f h7 y10a ff8 fs4 fc0 sc0 lscb">\u221a<span class="ff2 ls1 v10">8</span></div><div class="t m0 x30 h7 y10b ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">y</div><div class="t m0 x3b h7 y10c ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">x</div><div class="t m0 x34 h7 y10d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">0</div><div class="t m0 x35 h7 y10e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">1</div><div class="t m0 x36 h7 y10f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">1</div><div class="t m0 x35 h7 y110 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">2</div><div class="t m0 x1e h7 y111 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">4</div><div class="t m0 x35 h7 y112 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">3</div><div class="t m0 x3c h25 y113 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 lse4">8<span class="ls1 v11">9</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y114 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws140">Figura 4:<span class="_15 blank"> </span>Os gr´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a\ufb01cos<span class="_34 blank"> </span>das fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes <span class="ff7 lsdd">\u03d5</span><span class="ws141">(a verme<span class="_5 blank"></span>lho)<span class="_34 blank"> </span>e <span class="ff7 lse5">\u03c8</span><span class="ws142">(a azul),<span class="_34 blank"> </span>de\ufb01nidas no</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y115 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws143">texto.<span class="_1d blank"> </span>P<span class="_5 blank"></span>or motiv<span class="_f blank"></span>os<span class="_34 blank"> </span>´<span class="_13 blank"></span>obv<span class="_5 blank"></span>ios, diz-se que <span class="ff7 lse6">\u03c8</span><span class="wsbc">´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e a restri¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o de <span class="ff7 lse7">\u03d5</span><span class="ws8a">ao conjunto [4<span class="ff7 ls2f">,</span><span class="ws30">8]</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y116 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws144">(e que <span class="ff7 lse8">\u03d5</span><span class="ws37">´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"> </span>a restri¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao de<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ws2a">h</span><span class="ws145">, de\ufb01nida no Exemplo<span class="_18 blank"> </span>10,<span class="_18 blank"> </span>ao in<span class="_5 blank"></span>terv<span class="_27 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>lo [0<span class="ff7 ls2f">,</span><span class="ws30">9]).</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y117 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws146">mesma expr<span class="_f blank"></span>ess\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao alg´<span class="_1e blank"></span>ebric<span class="_f blank"></span>a, os s<span class="_4 blank"> </span>eus dom<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131nios s\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao difer<span class="_f blank"></span>entes (ve<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ja-se a Fi-</div><div class="t m0 x9 h1a y118 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws50">gur<span class="_f blank"></span>a 4).<span class="_15 blank"> </span>Sempr<span class="_f blank"></span>e que escr<span class="_f blank"></span>evermos algo do tip<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_34 blank"> </span>\u201c<span class="_4 blank"> </span>a fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao <span class="ff7 lsb">f<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ff2 ws62">) = <span class="ff8 lse9 v9">\u221a</span></span><span class="v0">x</span></span></span><span class="v0">\u201d e n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y119 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws147">esp<span class="_f blank"></span>e<span class="_f blank"></span>ci\ufb01c<span class="_f blank"></span>armos o<span class="_26 blank"> </span>dom<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131nio on<span class="_4 blank"> </span>de tomamos<span class="_26 blank"> </span>os <span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="ws148">,<span class="_1d blank"> </span>estar<span class="_27 blank"></span>emos,<span class="_26 blank"> </span>de a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>or<span class="_f blank"></span>do c<span class="_f blank"></span>om a</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y11a ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws7e">c<span class="_f blank"></span>onven¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao acima<span class="_4 blank"> </span>, a sup<span class="_f blank"></span>or que<span class="_b blank"> </span>este ´<span class="_13 blank"></span>e o<span class="_b blank"> </span>maior sub<span class="_f blank"></span>c<span class="_f blank"></span>onjunto de<span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ffa lsea">R</span><span class="ws4e">p<span class="_f blank"></span>ar<span class="_f blank"></span>a o qual</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h26 y11b ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws149">a expr<span class="_f blank"></span>ess\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao faz s<span class="_4 blank"> </span>entido; neste c<span class="_f blank"></span>as<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o, ser´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="ffb fs5 lsa5 v3">5</span><span class="ff8 ls2d">{<span class="ff7 ls8d">x</span><span class="ls8f">\u2208<span class="ffa lseb">R<span class="ff2 ls8c">:<span class="ff7 ls8d">x<span class="ff9 lsb7">></span></span><span class="ls2e">0</span></span></span></span>}<span class="ff7 ls48">,</span></span><span class="ws14a">ou seja, <span class="ffa lsec">R</span><span class="ffb fs5 v12">+</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3d h23 y11c ffb fs5 fc0 sc0 lsed">0<span class="ff6 fs4 lsee ve">.<span class="ff9 ls1">\ue004</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y11d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">´</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y11e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14b">E claro que uma fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao real de v<span class="_f blank"></span>ari´<span class="_13 blank"></span>avel real p<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>de n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o ter uma express\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y11f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">anal<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131tica<span class="_34 blank"> </span>simples<span class="_18 blank"> </span>( ou,<span class="_18 blank"> </span>mesmo<span class="_34 blank"> </span>que<span class="_18 blank"> </span>a<span class="_34 blank"> </span>tenha,<span class="_34 blank"> </span>p o de<span class="_18 blank"> </span>ser-nos<span class="_34 blank"> </span>desconhecida),<span class="_34 blank"> </span>mas</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y120 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14c">desde que satisfa¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>ca a condi¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao imp<span class="_4 blank"> </span>osta na De\ufb01ni¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao 1 ser´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a uma fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao t\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y121 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14d">leg<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131tima como as que consider´<span class="_13 blank"></span>amos<span class="_15 blank"> </span>nos exemplos a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>n<span class="_f blank"></span>t<span class="_4 blank"> </span>eriores.<span class="_12 blank"> </span>O exemplo</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y122 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14e">seguin<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_34 blank"> </span>pretende ilustrar algumas<span class="_a blank"> </span>destas fun¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes \u201cmenos naturais\u201d.</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y123 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3d">Exemplo 12</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y124 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws48">Exemplos d<span class="_4 blank"> </span>e fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes r<span class="_f blank"></span>e<span class="_f blank"></span>ais<span class="_b blank"> </span>de vari´<span class="_13 blank"></span>ave<span class="_4 blank"> </span>l r<span class="_f blank"></span>e<span class="_f blank"></span>al c<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>m de\ufb01ni¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes menos<span class="_b blank"> </span>dir<span class="_f blank"></span>etas<span class="_b blank"> </span>do</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y125 ff6 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsf7">que as i<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ndic<span class="_f blank"></span>adas nos exemplos an<span class="_4 blank"> </span>terior<span class="_f blank"></span>es:</div><div class="t m0 x9 h27 y126 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14f">a) <span class="ff6 ws150">(fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao de<span class="_34 blank"> </span>Dirichlet) <span class="ff7 lsef">d<span class="ff2 lsc">(</span><span class="ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ff2 ws54">) = <span class="ff11 ws30 v13">(</span><span class="ls2e v14">0</span></span><span class="lsf0 v14">,</span></span></span><span class="ws151 v14">se <span class="ff7 lsb9">x</span><span class="ws152">´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e irr<span class="_f blank"></span>aciona<span class="_4 blank"> </span>l</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3e h7 y127 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2e">1<span class="ff7 lsf0">,<span class="ff6 ls1 ws151">se </span><span class="lsb9">x<span class="ff6 ls1 ws152">´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e r<span class="_f blank"></span>acional<span class="ff7">.</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h27 y128 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws153">b) <span class="ff7 lsb">f</span><span class="lsc">(</span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="ws54">) = <span class="ff11 ws30 v13">(</span><span class="ff7 ws154 v14">n, <span class="ff6 ws155">se a<span class="_18 blank"> </span>exp<span class="_5 blank"></span>ans\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao de<span class="_f blank"></span>cimal de<span class="_34 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls92">x</span><span class="ws156">tem exatam<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ente <span class="ff7 lsf1">n</span><span class="ws157">algarismos <span class="ff2">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3f h7 y129 ff8 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws95">\u2212<span class="ff7 ws158">\u03c0 ,<span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="ff6 ws92">c<span class="_f blank"></span>aso c<span class="_f blank"></span>ontr´<span class="_13 blank"></span>ario<span class="ff7">.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h14 y12a ffd fs6 fc0 sc0 ls6b">5<span class="ff4 fs7 ls1 ws159 v5">A express<span class="_4 blank"> </span>\u02dc<span class="_e blank"></span>ao matem´<span class="_7 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>tica seguinte l<span class="_5 blank"></span>\u02c6<span class="_e blank"></span>e<span class="_4 blank"> </span>-se de seguinte modo:<span class="_1d blank"> </span>\u201co conjun<span class="_5 blank"></span>to dos <span class="ffe lsf2">x</span><span class="ws15a">p erten-</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h1c y12b ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws15b">centes a <span class="ffa lsf3">R</span><span class="ws15c">tais que <span class="ffe lsf4">x</span><span class="ws15d">´<span class="_8 blank"></span>e maio<span class="_4 blank"> </span>r ou<span class="_a blank"> </span>igual a 0<span class="_4 blank"> </span>\u201d.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y12c ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">9</div><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[6,"XYZ",102.956,210.012,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:353.344000px;bottom:468.284000px;width:12.752000px;height:8.672000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[9,"XYZ",121.023,132.83,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:306.784000px;bottom:378.164000px;width:4.676000px;height:12.449000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x40 y12d w7 h28" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/23baabea-f961-49a6-b131-e5a76ee62ff4/bga.png"><div class="t m0 xc h7 y12e ff8 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls9f">G<span class="ff2 lsc">(<span class="ff7 lsef">d</span><span class="ls1">)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x41 h7 y12f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">0</div><div class="t m0 x41 h7 y130 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">1</div><div class="t m0 x42 h7 y131 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">x</div><div class="t m0 x43 h7 y132 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">y</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y133 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3a">Figura<span class="_1d blank"> </span>5:<span class="_2b blank"> </span>Uma<span class="_1d blank"> </span>tentativ<span class="_27 blank"></span>a<span class="_15 blank"> </span>de<span class="_1d blank"> </span>esb o¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>car<span class="_15 blank"> </span>o<span class="_1d blank"> </span>gr´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a\ufb01co<span class="_15 blank"> </span>da<span class="_1d blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao<span class="_1d blank"> </span>de<span class="_15 blank"> </span>Diric<span class="_f blank"></span>hlet,<span class="_31 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsef">d</span>,</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y134 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws15e">de\ufb01nida no<span class="_18 blank"> </span>Exemplo<span class="_18 blank"> </span>12a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>).<span class="_1d blank"> </span>Note-se que as duas<span class="_18 blank"> </span>\u201cr<span class="_4 blank"> </span>etas\u201d a verme<span class="_5 blank"></span>lho<span class="_18 blank"> </span>n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o s\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao,</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y135 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">de<span class="_b blank"> </span>facto,<span class="_b blank"> </span>retas<span class="_b blank"> </span>usuais,<span class="_26 blank"> </span>constituidas<span class="_b blank"> </span>p or<span class="_b blank"> </span>to dos<span class="_b blank"> </span>os<span class="_34 blank"> </span>p o n<span class="_f blank"></span>tos<span class="_b blank"> </span>p oss<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131v<span class="_5 blank"></span>eis:<span class="_2f blank"> </span>a<span class="_34 blank"> </span>\u201c reta\u201d</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y136 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws15f">assen<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_26 blank"> </span>no eixo dos <span class="ff7 ws160">xx </span><span class="ws1a">ap enas<span class="_b blank"> </span>cont<span class="_f blank"></span>´<span class="_1e blank"></span>em<span class="_b blank"> </span>p ontos<span class="_34 blank"> </span>com<span class="_b blank"> </span>a b cissa<span class="_34 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls91">x</span><span class="ws161">ir<span class="_4 blank"> </span>racional e a</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y137 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3c">\u201creta\u201d assen<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_34 blank"> </span>em <span class="ff7 ls7f">y</span><span class="ws1a">=<span class="_37 blank"> </span>1<span class="_18 blank"> </span>ap enas<span class="_6 blank"> </span>con<span class="_5 blank"></span>t<span class="_f blank"></span>´<span class="_7 blank"></span>em<span class="_6 blank"> </span>p o n<span class="_f blank"></span>tos<span class="_18 blank"> </span>com<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ab cissa<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsc7">x</span><span class="ws30">racional.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y138 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws162">c) <span class="ff7 lsf5">\u2113</span><span class="lsc">(</span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="ws54">) =</span></div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y139 ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f1</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y13a ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f4</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y13b ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f4</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y13c ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f4</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y13d ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f4</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y13e ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f4</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y13f ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f4</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y140 ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f2</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y141 ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f4</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y142 ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f4</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y143 ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f4</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y144 ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f4</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y145 ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f4</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y146 ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f4</div><div class="t m0 x44 h29 y147 ff11 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf8f3</div><div class="t m0 x45 h7 y148 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2e">4<span class="ff7 lsf6">,<span class="ff6 ls1 ws163">se </span><span class="ls1 ws164">x < <span class="ff8 ws95">\u2212<span class="ff2">2</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x45 h12 y149 ff7 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2a">x<span class="ffb fs5 ls6a v3">2</span><span class="lsf7">,</span><span class="ff6 ws163">se <span class="ff8 ws95">\u2212<span class="ff2 lsf8">2<span class="ff9 lsb5">6</span></span></span></span><span class="ws165">x < <span class="ff2">2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x45 h7 y14a ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2e">5<span class="ff7 lsf6">,<span class="ff6 ls1 ws163">se </span><span class="lsf9">x</span></span><span class="ls1 wsc6">= 2</span></div><div class="t m0 x45 h7 y14b ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 lsfa">7<span class="ff8 lsfb">\u2212</span><span class="ls2e">2<span class="ff7 ls1 ws166">x, <span class="ff6 ws163">se </span></span><span class="lsf8">2<span class="ff7 ls1 ws167">< x < <span class="ff2">4</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x45 h7 y14c ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2e">1<span class="ff7 lsf6">,<span class="ff6 ls1 ws163">se </span><span class="ls1 ws164">x > </span></span>5<span class="ff7 ls1">.</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h13 y14d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws153">d) <span class="ff7 lsfc">\u03be</span><span class="lsc">(</span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="ws96">) = max<span class="ff8 ls2d">{</span><span class="lsfd">1<span class="ff8 lsfb">\u2212</span></span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x<span class="ffb fs5 ls6a v3">2</span><span class="ws118">, x<span class="ffb fs5 lsfe v3">2</span><span class="ff8 lsff">\u2212</span></span></span><span class="ls2e">1<span class="ff8 ls100">}</span></span><span class="ff9">\ue004</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y14e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">Como<span class="_9 blank"> </span>se<span class="_9 blank"> </span>p o de<span class="_9 blank"> </span>inferir<span class="_37 blank"> </span>facilmen<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_37 blank"> </span>p elos<span class="_9 blank"> </span>dois<span class="_9 blank"> </span>primeiros<span class="_37 blank"> </span>casos<span class="_9 blank"> </span>do<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Exemplo<span class="_37 blank"> </span>12,</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y14f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">nem<span class="_26 blank"> </span>sempre<span class="_1d blank"> </span>´<span class="_13 blank"></span>e<span class="_1d blank"> </span>f´<span class="_13 blank"></span>acil<span class="_26 blank"> </span>(o u<span class="_26 blank"> </span>mesmo<span class="_1d blank"> </span>p oss<span class="_38 blank"></span>´<span class="_d blank"></span>\u0131v<span class="_f blank"></span>el)<span class="_1d blank"> </span>esbo ¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>car<span class="_1d blank"> </span>o<span class="_26 blank"> </span>gr´<span class="_1e blank"></span>a\ufb01co<span class="_1d blank"> </span>de<span class="_26 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_1d blank"> </span>fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y150 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws168">dada.<span class="_2f blank"> </span>P<span class="_f blank"></span>or<span class="_b blank"> </span>exemplo,<span class="_b blank"> </span>no primeiro caso, como en<span class="_5 blank"></span>tre dois racionais h´<span class="_1e blank"></span>a sempre</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y151 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws169">in\ufb01nitos irracionais e entre dois irracionais h´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a sempre in\ufb01nitos<span class="_26 blank"> </span>racionais, a</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y152 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws16a">represen<span class="_f blank"></span>ta¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao g<span class="_4 blank"> </span>r´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a\ufb01ca<span class="_a blank"> </span>de <span class="ff7 ls101">d</span><span class="ws14">´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e<span class="_37 blank"> </span>imp oss<span class="_2 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131v<span class="_5 blank"></span>el<span class="_a blank"> </span>de<span class="_a blank"> </span>fazer<span class="_a blank"> </span>com<span class="_37 blank"> </span>rig or,<span class="_a blank"> </span>p ois<span class="_37 blank"> </span>o<span class="_a blank"> </span>gr´<span class="_1e blank"></span>a\ufb01co<span class="_37 blank"> </span>de<span class="_a blank"> </span><span class="ff7">d</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y153 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws85">oscila in\ufb01nitamen<span class="_f blank"></span>te<span class="_a blank"> </span>en<span class="_f blank"></span>tre os v<span class="_f blank"></span>alores 0 e 1 em qualquer in<span class="_f blank"></span>terv<span class="_f blank"></span>alo real,<span class="_37 blank"> </span>p<span class="_c blank"> </span>or mais</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y154 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">p equeno<span class="_b blank"> </span>que<span class="_b blank"> </span>seja.<span class="_24 blank"> </span>Um<span class="_b blank"> </span>p o ss<span class="_38 blank"></span>´<span class="_8 blank"></span>\u0131vel<span class="_b blank"> </span>esb o¸<span class="_e blank"></span>co,<span class="_b blank"> </span>p ouco<span class="_26 blank"> </span>rigoroso<span class="_b blank"> </span>mas<span class="_b blank"> </span>intuitiv<span class="_27 blank"></span>amen<span class="_5 blank"></span>te</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y155 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws16b">elucidativ<span class="_f blank"></span>o<span class="_1d blank"> </span>do c<span class="_5 blank"></span>omp<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ortamen<span class="_5 blank"></span>to desta fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao,<span class="_1d blank"> </span>seria o indicado na<span class="_b blank"> </span>Figura 5.</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y156 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws16c">Note-se que, como cada <span class="ff7 ls8d">x<span class="ff8 ls8f">\u2208<span class="ffa lsa8">R</span></span></span><span class="ws16d">´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e, ou racional o<span class="_4 blank"> </span>u irracional (mas<span class="_18 blank"> </span>n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao<span class="_18 blank"> </span>as duas</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y157 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">coisas<span class="_34 blank"> </span>ao<span class="_18 blank"> </span>mesmo<span class="_34 blank"> </span>temp o),<span class="_34 blank"> </span>o<span class="_34 blank"> </span>p on<span class="_f blank"></span>to<span class="_34 blank"> </span>corresp onden<span class="_5 blank"></span>te<span class="_34 blank"> </span>do<span class="_34 blank"> </span>gr´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a\ufb01co<span class="_18 blank"> </span>de<span class="_34 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsef">d</span><span class="ws13b">, (<span class="ff7 ws118">x, d</span><span class="lsc">(</span><span class="ff7 ws2a">x</span><span class="ls102 ws16e">)),</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y158 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws16f">´<span class="_1e blank"></span>e ou<span class="_b blank"> </span>(<span class="ff7 ws112">x, </span><span class="ws170">1), ou (<span class="ff7 ws112">x, </span><span class="ws130">0),<span class="_b blank"> </span>mas n\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao as duas coisas a<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o mesmo temp<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o<span class="_b blank"> </span>e, p<span class="_4 blank"> </span>ort<span class="_4 blank"> </span>an<span class="_f blank"></span>t<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o,</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y159 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws171">de acordo<span class="_18 blank"> </span>com a De\ufb01ni¸<span class="_e blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>ao 1, <span class="ff7 ls103">d</span><span class="ws172">´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e, de facto,<span class="_18 blank"> </span>uma fun¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>c\u02dc<span class="_1e blank"></span>ao.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y15a ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws173">J´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a no caso b) do Exemplo<span class="_6 blank"> </span>12, o esb<span class="_4 blank"> </span>o¸<span class="_e blank"></span>co do gr´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a\ufb01co requer que<span class="_6 blank"> </span>conhe¸<span class="_7 blank"></span>camos</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y15b ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws14">com<span class="_26 blank"> </span>p ormenor<span class="_26 blank"> </span>as<span class="_26 blank"> </span>propriedades<span class="_26 blank"> </span>das<span class="_26 blank"> </span>expans\u02dc<span class="_13 blank"></span>oes<span class="_26 blank"> </span>decimais<span class="_26 blank"> </span>nos<span class="_26 blank"> </span>n ´<span class="_1a blank"></span>umeros<span class="_26 blank"> </span>reais,</div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y15c ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 wsa6">sem<span class="_6 blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>qual<span class="_6 blank"> </span>´<span class="_7 blank"></span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>imp oss<span class="_38 blank"></span>´<span class="_d blank"></span>\u0131v<span class="_f blank"></span>el<span class="_18 blank"> </span>ter<span class="_18 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ideia<span class="_18 blank"> </span>do<span class="_6 blank"> </span>gr´<span class="_13 blank"></span>a \ufb01co<span class="_a blank"> </span>de<span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 lsb">f</span>.</div><div class="t m0 x1f h7 y15d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws30">10</div><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[9,"XYZ",102.956,303.36,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:210.784000px;bottom:520.604000px;width:12.752000px;height:8.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[9,"XYZ",102.956,303.36,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:475.024000px;bottom:324.044000px;width:12.632000px;height:8.672000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[9,"XYZ",102.956,303.36,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-width:1.000000px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(255,0,0);position:absolute;left:253.984000px;bottom:150.764000px;width:12.752000px;height:8.672000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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