<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f43235e9-b9c0-4ef4-add7-401f09b2a1af/bg1.png"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">05/1<span class="_0 blank"></span>1/15 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">1 </div></div><div class="c x3 y4 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">1<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y7 ff2 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws0">Enóis<span class="ls5 ws2"> e <span class="ls4">enolatos<span class="_2 blank"></span> </span></span></div></div><div class="c x3 y8 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">2<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y9 ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">Até <span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>momento, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>vínhamos <span class="_3 blank"> </span>estudando <span class="_3 blank"> </span>reações <span class="_3 blank"> </span>na <span class="_3 blank"> </span>qual <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 ya ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">etapa <span class="_4 blank"> </span>principal <span class="_4 blank"> </span>consiste <span class="_4 blank"> </span>da <span class="_4 blank"> </span>adição <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de <span class="_4 blank"> </span>um <span class="_4 blank"> </span>nucleófilo<span class="ls2"> á<span class="_5 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 yb ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws1">carbonila<span class="ls6 ws2">. </span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f43235e9-b9c0-4ef4-add7-401f09b2a1af/bg2.png"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">05/1<span class="_0 blank"></span>1/15 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">2 </div></div><div class="c x3 y4 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">3<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h8 yc ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">Em ambas as reações, o grupo carbonila reage como </div><div class="t m0 x0 h8 yd ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">\u201c <span class="ff3 fc4 ws1">eletrófilo</span>\u201d </div></div><div class="c x3 y8 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">4<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 ye ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">No <span class="_6 blank"> </span>entanto, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>existe <span class="_6 blank"> </span>um <span class="_6 blank"> </span>grande <span class="_6 blank"> </span>número <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>reações <span class="_6 blank"> </span>onde <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 yf ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls7 ws2">composto <span class="_7 blank"> </span>carbonílico<span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="lsa"> a<span class="_8 blank"></span>g<span class="_8 blank"></span>e<span class="_2 blank"></span> c<span class="_8 blank"></span>o<span class="_8 blank"></span>m<span class="_8 blank"></span>o<span class="_2 blank"></span> \u201c<span class="_2 blank"></span> <span class="ff3 fc4 ls8 ws3">nucleófilo</span><span class="ls4">\u201d<span class="_9 blank"> </span>, <span class="_a blank"> </span>n<span class="_9 blank"> </span>as </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y10 ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">chamadas \u201c <span class="ff3 fc4 ws1">alfa-substituições</span><span class="ls6">. </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y11 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws4">\u201c<span class="fc5 ls1">H</span><span class="ws2">\u201d do <span class="fc5 lsb ws5">C-</span><span class="ff4 fc6 sc1 ws6">\u03b1</span><span class="fc7 lsc"> </span>é substituído </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 y12 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 lsc ws2">por um <span class="ls4 ws4">eletrófilo</span>. </div></div><div class="c xa y13 w4 ha"><div class="t m0 xb hb y14 ff1 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls4">R</div><div class="t m0 xc hc y15 ff2 fs6 fc8 sc0 ls4">H</div><div class="t m0 xd hb y16 ff1 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls4">O</div><div class="t m0 xe hb y17 ff1 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls4">R</div><div class="t m0 xf hb y18 ff1 fs6 fc9 sc0 ls4">E</div><div class="t m0 x10 hb y19 ff1 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls4">O</div><div class="t m0 x11 hd y1a ff5 fs7 fca sc0 ls9">\u03b1<span class="ls4 v1">\u03b1</span></div><div class="t m0 x12 he y1b ff5 fs7 fc9 sc0 lsd ws7">\u03b1\u2212<span class="ff6 ls4 ws8">Substituição</span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f43235e9-b9c0-4ef4-add7-401f09b2a1af/bg3.png"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">05/1<span class="_0 blank"></span>1/15 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">3 </div></div><div class="c x3 y4 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">5<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 hf y1c ff2 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">T<span class="_b blank"></span>automerismo </div><div class="t m0 x14 hf y1d ff2 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws9">ceto-<span class="lse wsa">enólico</span><span class="ws2"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y8 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">6<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h10 y1e ff2 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls6 ws2">Observe os <span class="ff3 fc4 wsb">pK</span><span class="ls4">a dos hidrogênios em destaque: </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y1f ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 lsc ws2">O \u201c<span class="fc5 ls1">H</span><span class="ls4">\u201d do <span class="fc5 lsb ws5">C-</span><span class="ff4 fc6 sc1 ws6">\u03b1</span></span><span class="fc7"> </span><span class="lsb ws5">carbonílico</span><span class="ls4"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x16 h9 y20 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">é levemente ácido </div></div><div class="c x17 y21 w5 h11"><div class="t m0 xb h12 y22 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls4">R</div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y23 ff2 fs9 fc8 sc0 ls4">H</div><div class="t m0 x7 h12 y24 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls4">O</div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y25 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsf">H<span class="fsa ls10 v2">3</span><span class="ls11">C</span><span class="v3">H</span><span class="fsa ls4 v4">2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h15 y26 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls12">C<span class="ff2 fc8 ls13 v5">H</span><span class="ls14 v6">H</span><span class="fsa ls15 v7">3</span><span class="ls16 v6">C</span><span class="ls14 v8">H</span><span class="fsa ls4 v9">2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h16 y27 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls17">C<span class="ls18 v0">O<span class="ff2 fc8 ls4 v0">H</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x16 h17 y28 ff5 fsb fc9 sc0 ls4">\u03b1</div><div class="t m0 x1c h18 y29 ff6 fsb fc0 sc0 ls4 ws2">pKa <span class="ff7 ls19">\u2245</span> 19,3<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="va">pKa <span class="ff7 ls19">\u2245</span> 60<span class="_d blank"> </span></span>pKa de 16 à 18</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f43235e9-b9c0-4ef4-add7-401f09b2a1af/bg4.png"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">05/1<span class="_0 blank"></span>1/15 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">4 </div></div><div class="c x3 y4 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">7<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 ye ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">Um <span class="_e blank"> </span>composto <span class="_e blank"> </span>carbonílico <span class="_e blank"> </span>com <span class="_e blank"> </span>um <span class="_e blank"> </span>átomo <span class="_e blank"> </span>de <span class="_e blank"> </span>hidrogênio <span class="_e blank"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 yf ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls20 ws2">seu <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 fcb ls4 wsc">C - <span class="ff4 fcc sc2 ls1a">\u03b1</span></span><span class="ls21">, <span class="_f blank"> </span>ra<span class="_10 blank"> </span>pi<span class="_10 blank"> </span>da<span class="_10 blank"> </span>me<span class="_10 blank"> </span>nt<span class="_10 blank"> </span>e <span class="_f blank"> </span>ent<span class="_10 blank"> </span>ra <span class="_f blank"> </span>em <span class="_f blank"> </span>eq<span class="_10 blank"> </span>ui<span class="_10 blank"> </span>lí<span class="_10 blank"> </span>br<span class="_10 blank"> </span>io <span class="_f blank"> </span>co<span class="_10 blank"> </span>m <span class="_f blank"> </span>seu </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y10 ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">correspondente \u201c<span class="ff3 fcb ls1b wsd">enol</span>\u201d . </div></div><div class="c x1d y2a w6 h19"><div class="t m0 x1e h1a y2b ff1 fsc fc0 sc0 ls4">R</div><div class="t m0 x1f h1b y2c ff2 fsc fc9 sc0 ls4">H</div><div class="t m0 x20 h1a y2d ff1 fsc fc0 sc0 ls4">O</div><div class="t m0 x21 h1c y2e ff8 fsd fc9 sc0 ls1c">\u03b1<span class="ff1 fsc fc0 ls4 v4">R</span></div><div class="t m0 x22 h1a y2d ff1 fsc fc0 sc0 ls1d">O<span class="ff2 fc9 ls4">H</span></div><div class="t m0 x23 h1d y2f ff6 fsd fc0 sc0 ls4 wse">Enol</div></div><div class="c x3 y8 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">8<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x24 h8 y30 ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">Este processo é um tipo especial de isomerismo chamado </div><div class="t m0 x24 h8 y31 ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2"> \u201c <span class="ff2 fcb ws1">tautomerismo</span>\u201d e as espécies são ditas \u201c<span class="ff3 fcd ws1">tautômeros</span>\u201d. </div></div><div class="c x25 y32 w7 h1e"><div class="t m0 x1e h1f y33 ff1 fse fc0 sc0 ls4">R</div><div class="t m0 x26 h20 y34 ff2 fse fc9 sc0 ls4">H</div><div class="t m0 x27 h1f y35 ff1 fse fc0 sc0 ls4">O</div><div class="t m0 x28 h21 y36 ff8 fsf fc9 sc0 ls1e">\u03b1<span class="ff1 fse fc0 ls4 vb">R</span></div><div class="t m0 x29 h1f y35 ff1 fse fc0 sc0 ls1f">O<span class="ff2 fc9 ls4">H</span></div><div class="t m0 x2a h22 y37 ff6 fsf fc0 sc0 ls4 ws2">T<span class="_0 blank"></span>autômero ceto<span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="vc">T<span class="_0 blank"></span>autômero enol</span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f43235e9-b9c0-4ef4-add7-401f09b2a1af/bg5.png"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">05/1<span class="_0 blank"></span>1/15 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">5 </div></div><div class="c x3 y4 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">9<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2b h8 y38 ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">A<span class="_1 blank"></span> maioria dos compostos carbonílicos existe, </div><div class="t m0 x2b h8 y39 ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">predominantemente, na forma \u201c<span class="ff3 fc4 ws1">ceto</span>\u201d. </div><div class="t m0 x2c h9 y3a ff2 fs3 fc3 sc0 lsb ws2">99,99999999 % <span class="_12 blank"> </span><span class="vc">0,00000001 % </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y8 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x2d h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls22 wsf">10<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h9 y3b ff2 fs3 fc4 sc0 lsb ws2">99,9999 % <span class="_13 blank"> </span><span class="vc">0,0001 % </span></div><div class="t m0 x2e h9 y3c ff4 fs3 fc4 sc3 ls4 ws6">\u2666<span class="ff2 fc3 sc0 lsc ws2"> Forma <span class="ls4">ceto é levemente menor </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2e h9 y3d ff2 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">em energia (mais estável) </div><div class="t m0 x2e h9 y3e ff4 fs3 fc4 sc3 ls4 ws6">\u2666<span class="ff2 fc3 sc0 lsc ws2"> Ligação <span class="fc4 ls4 ws4">C=O</span><span class="ls4"> é mais estável que </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2e h9 y3f ff2 fs3 fc4 sc0 ls4 ws2">C=C </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f43235e9-b9c0-4ef4-add7-401f09b2a1af/bg6.png"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">05/1<span class="_0 blank"></span>1/15 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">6 </div></div><div class="c x3 y4 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x2d h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls27 ws10">11 <span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2f h9 y40 ff2 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls28 ws2">A <span class="_4 blank"> </span>p<span class="_9 blank"> </span>o<span class="_9 blank"> </span>r<span class="_9 blank"> </span>c<span class="_e blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span>n<span class="_e blank"> </span>t<span class="_9 blank"> </span>a<span class="_e blank"> </span>g<span class="_9 blank"> </span>e<span class="_e blank"> </span>m<span class="_10 blank"> </span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>d<span class="_9 blank"> </span>e<span class="_1 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2f h9 y41 ff2 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws4">tautômero<span class="ls29 ws2"> e<span class="_0 blank"></span>n<span class="_0 blank"></span>o<span class="_0 blank"></span>l<span class="_0 blank"></span> é<span class="_0 blank"></span> a<span class="_0 blank"></span>i<span class="_0 blank"></span>n<span class="_0 blank"></span>d<span class="_1 blank"></span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2f h9 y42 ff2 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls23 ws2">menor<span class="_1 blank"></span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>para<span class="_1 blank"></span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>ácidos<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2f h9 y43 ff2 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">carboxílicos, ésteres e </div><div class="t m0 x2f h9 y44 ff2 fs3 fc3 sc0 lsb ws2">amidas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>devido <span class="_10 blank"> </span>à <span class="_9 blank"> </span>menor </div><div class="t m0 x2f h9 y45 ff2 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls24 ws2">acidez <span class="_14 blank"> </span>do <span class="_15 blank"> </span>hidrogênio </div><div class="t m0 x2f h23 y46 ff2 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls2a ws2">do<span class="_1 blank"></span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span><span class="fc4 ls4 ws11">C - <span class="ff4 fs5 fce sc4 ls25">\u03b1</span><span class="ls2b ws2">. <span class="_15 blank"> </span>(<span class="_10 blank"> </span><span class="ls26 ws12">carbonila<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls4 ws2"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2f h9 y47 ff2 fs3 fc4 sc0 lsb ws2">menos <span class="ls4">eletrofílica) </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y8 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x2d h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls22 wsf">12<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x30 hf y1c ff2 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls2c ws2">A <span class="_9 blank"> </span><span class="ls4 ws9">enolização</span><span class="ls2d"> pode ser </span></div><div class="t m0 x31 hf y1d ff2 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">catalisada por ácidos ou bases </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f43235e9-b9c0-4ef4-add7-401f09b2a1af/bg7.png"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">05/1<span class="_0 blank"></span>1/15 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">7 </div></div><div class="c x3 y4 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x2d h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls22 wsf">13<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x32 h24 y48 ff1 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls30 ws2">A <span class="ls4 ws13">enolização</span><span class="ls31"> é<span class="_16 blank"></span> <span class="ls4">muito <span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="ls2e ws14">lenta</span><span class="ls2f"> <span class="ls2e ws14">em</span></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>solução </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x32 h24 y49 ff1 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws13">neutra<span class="ls32 ws2">. </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y8 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x2d h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls22 wsf">14<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x27 h24 y4a ff1 fs10 fc3 sc0 ls2e ws2">No <span class="_10 blank"> </span>entanto<span class="ls32">, <span class="_9 blank"> </span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span><span class="ls4">adição <span class="_9 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>um <span class="_10 blank"> </span>catalisador <span class="_9 blank"> </span>ácido </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x27 h24 y4b ff1 fs10 fc3 sc0 ls2e ws14">ou<span class="ls4 ws2"> básico </span>pode<span class="ls4 ws2"> facilitar<span class="ls32"> a </span><span class="ws13">formação</span><span class="ls32"> do </span></span>enol<span class="ls32 ws2">. </span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f43235e9-b9c0-4ef4-add7-401f09b2a1af/bg8.png"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">05/1<span class="_0 blank"></span>1/15 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">8 </div></div><div class="c x3 y4 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x2d h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls22 wsf">15<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h25 y4c ff2 fs10 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">Catálise ácida </div></div><div class="c x3 y8 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x2d h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls22 wsf">16<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h25 y4c ff2 fs10 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">Catálise básica </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f43235e9-b9c0-4ef4-add7-401f09b2a1af/bg9.png"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">05/1<span class="_0 blank"></span>1/15 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">9 </div></div><div class="c x3 y4 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x2d h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls22 wsf">17<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h25 y4d ff2 fs10 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">O <span class="_6 blank"> </span>intermediário <span class="_17 blank"> </span>formado <span class="_6 blank"> </span>durante <span class="_17 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>reação <span class="_17 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x15 h25 y4e ff2 fs10 fc3 sc0 ls33 ws2">formação <span class="_18 blank"> </span>de <span class="_18 blank"> </span>enol <span class="_18 blank"> </span>catalisada <span class="_18 blank"> </span>por <span class="_18 blank"> </span>base <span class="_18 blank"> </span>se </div><div class="t m0 x15 h25 y4f ff2 fs10 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">chama\u201c <span class="ff3 fc4 ls32">íon <span class="ls4 ws13">enolato</span></span>\u201d </div><div class="t m0 x0 h9 y50 ff2 fs3 fc3 sc0 lsc ws2">Forma <span class="ls4">ceto <span class="_19 blank"> </span></span><span class="vc">Forma enol </span></div><div class="t m0 x33 h9 y51 ff2 fs3 fc5 sc0 lsc ws2">Íon </div><div class="t m0 x34 h9 y52 ff2 fs3 fc5 sc0 ls4 ws2">enolato </div></div><div class="c x3 y8 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x2d h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls22 wsf">18<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x35 h24 y53 ff1 fs10 fc3 sc0 ls34 ws2">No<span class="_1 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>íon<span class="_1 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>enolato<span class="ls35">, <span class="_18 blank"> </span>a <span class="_18 blank"> </span>c<span class="_9 blank"> </span>a<span class="_9 blank"> </span>r<span class="_9 blank"> </span>g<span class="_10 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1a blank"> </span>n<span class="_9 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span>g<span class="_10 blank"> </span>a<span class="_9 blank"> </span>t<span class="_9 blank"> </span>i<span class="_9 blank"> </span>v<span class="_9 blank"> </span>a <span class="_18 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span>s<span class="_9 blank"> </span>t<span class="_10 blank"> </span>á<span class="_1 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x35 h24 y54 ff1 fs10 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">deslocalizada entre o carbono e o oxigênio. </div><div class="t m0 x1d h9 y55 ff2 fs3 fcf sc0 ls4 ws2">Estruturas de ressonância do íon enolato </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/f43235e9-b9c0-4ef4-add7-401f09b2a1af/bga.png"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">05/1<span class="_0 blank"></span>1/15 </div><div class="t m0 x36 h3 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">10 </div></div><div class="c x3 y4 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x2d h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls22 wsf">19<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x24 h8 ye ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls36 ws2">A <span class="_1b blank"> </span><span class="ls4">deslocalização <span class="_9 blank"> </span>da <span class="_10 blank"> </span>carga <span class="_9 blank"> </span>negativa <span class="_9 blank"> </span>permite <span class="_9 blank"> </span>que, <span class="_9 blank"> </span>em <span class="_10 blank"> </span>alguns </span></div><div class="t m0 x24 h8 yf ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">casos, <span class="_9 blank"> </span>o <span class="_e blank"> </span>oxigênio <span class="_9 blank"> </span>atue <span class="_9 blank"> </span>como<span class="_10 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>nucleófilo <span class="_9 blank"> </span>e, <span class="_e blank"> </span>em <span class="_9 blank"> </span>outros <span class="_e blank"> </span>casos, </div><div class="t m0 x24 h8 y10 ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls4 ws2">o carbono atue como nucleófilo<span class="ls6">. </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y8 w3 h4"><div class="t m0 x2d h5 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls22 wsf">20<span class="ff1 fs2 fc2 ls3 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Prof. Dr<span class="_1 blank"></span>. José Eduardo Damas Martins<span class="ff1 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x37 h9 y56 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws2">Oxigênio atuando </div><div class="t m0 x1f h9 y57 ff2 fs3 fc1 sc0 lsb ws2">como <span class="ls4">nucleófilo </span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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