<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e6cfe4e0-3e57-4e8e-8572-80c0f8b0e6fc/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> <span class="_0 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">1 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y5 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Lista de figuras </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Figura<span class="_3 blank"> </span> 1 - S<span class="_4 blank"></span>iste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>a produtivo <span class="_4 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">...........................................................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="_5 blank"></span>9<span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Figura<span class="_3 blank"> </span> 2 - Processo de aquec<span class="_4 blank"></span>imento <span class="_6 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">.............................................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="_5 blank"></span><span class="ls6 ws1">14<span class="ff3 fs3 ls5 ws3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Figura<span class="_3 blank"> </span> 3 - S<span class="_4 blank"></span>iste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>a de Controle <span class="_6 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">......................................................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="_5 blank"></span><span class="ls6 ws1">16<span class="ff3 fs3 ls5 ws3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Figura <span class="_7 blank"> </span>4 <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ff4 ws2">\u2013</span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Diagram<span class="_4 blank"></span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>b<span class="_4 blank"></span>lo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>um<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>sistema <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>controle <span class="_7 blank"> </span>(baseado <span class="_7 blank"> </span>em<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Ogata, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>1993)</div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ya ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> <span class="_9 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">......................................................................................................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="_5 blank"></span><span class="ls6 ws1">17<span class="ff3 fs3 ls5 ws3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Figura<span class="_3 blank"> </span> 5 <span class="ff4 ls1">\u2013</span> Processo de Pro<span class="_4 blank"></span>dução de Pão <span class="_6 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">.....................................................................<span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="_5 blank"></span><span class="ls6 ws1">22<span class="ff3 fs3 ls5 ws3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yc ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yd ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h3 ye ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">PRO2512 Automação e Controle<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 yf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">ÍNDICE DE LIVRO DIDÁ<span class="_4 blank"></span>TICO </div><div class="t m0 x7 h2 y10 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y11 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h3 y12 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Sumário </div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y13 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1">1<span class="ff3 fs3 ls2 ws3"> </span><span class="ls5 ws3">(CAPÍ<span class="_4 blank"></span>T<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ULO 1) CONCEI<span class="_4 blank"></span>T<span class="_3 blank"> </span>OS F<span class="_3 blank"> </span>UNDA<span class="_4 blank"></span>MENT<span class="_3 blank"> </span>A<span class="_4 blank"></span>IS <span class="_9 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">..........................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="_4 blank"></span>3<span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y14 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.1<span class="ff3 fs3 ls3 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">M<span class="_4 blank"></span>in<span class="_3 blank"> </span>iglossário <span class="_a blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">.............................................................................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> 3<span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y15 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.2<span class="ff3 fs3 ls3 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Conceitos e term<span class="_4 blank"></span>inologia <span class="_6 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">...........................................................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> 4<span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y16 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.3<span class="ff3 fs3 ls3 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Necessidade de sistem<span class="_4 blank"></span>as de con<span class="_3 blank"> </span>trole autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>áti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>co <span class="_a blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">....................................................<span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ls5 ws3"> 5<span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y17 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.4<span class="ff3 fs3 ls3 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Histórico da autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>ação <span class="ls0 ws0">............................................................................................</span> 6<span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y18 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.5<span class="ff3 fs3 ls3 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Sistem<span class="_4 blank"></span>a produtivo <span class="_4 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">.....................................................................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> 8<span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y19 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.5.1<span class="ff3 fs3 ls4 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Características dos sistemas produtivos <span class="ls0 ws0">.....................................................</span> <span class="_5 blank"></span>8<span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y1a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.5.2<span class="ff3 fs3 ls4 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Diferentes abordagens referentes ao process<span class="_4 blank"></span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">................................<span class="_3 blank"> </span>.........<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="_5 blank"></span><span class="ls6 ws1">11<span class="ff3 fs3 ls5 ws3"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y1b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.5.3<span class="ff3 fs3 ls4 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Tecnologia de processo <span class="_6 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">.............................................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="_5 blank"></span><span class="ls6 ws1">12<span class="ff3 fs3 ls5 ws3"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y1c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.6<span class="ff3 fs3 ls3 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Controle do s<span class="_4 blank"></span>iste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>a produtivo<span class="ls0 ws0">................................................................<span class="_3 blank"> </span>.................</span> <span class="ls6 ws1">12</span><span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y1d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.6.1<span class="ff3 fs3 ls4 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Controle de processo <span class="_6 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">.................................................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="_5 blank"></span><span class="ls6 ws1">13<span class="ff3 fs3 ls5 ws3"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y1e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.6.2<span class="ff3 fs3 ls4 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Modelam<span class="_4 blank"></span>ento matem<span class="_4 blank"></span>áti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>co do pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ocesso <span class="_a blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">.....................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="_5 blank"></span><span class="ls6 ws1">13<span class="ff3 fs3 ls5 ws3"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><a class="l" href="#pf9" data-dest-detail='[9,"XYZ",82,550,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:669.430000px;width:471.700000px;height:20.690000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pfe" data-dest-detail='[14,"XYZ",82,360,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:648.730000px;width:471.700000px;height:20.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf10" data-dest-detail='[16,"XYZ",82,292,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:628.030000px;width:471.700000px;height:20.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf11" data-dest-detail='[17,"XYZ",82,426,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:607.330000px;width:472.200000px;height:20.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf11" data-dest-detail='[17,"XYZ",82,426,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:586.630000px;width:471.700000px;height:20.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf16" data-dest-detail='[22,"XYZ",82,526,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:565.930000px;width:471.700000px;height:20.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf3" data-dest-detail='[3,"XYZ",82,756,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:337.650000px;width:500.650000px;height:32.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf3" data-dest-detail='[3,"XYZ",82,353,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:94.700000px;bottom:313.950000px;width:488.750000px;height:23.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf4" data-dest-detail='[4,"XYZ",82,446,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:94.700000px;bottom:290.250000px;width:488.750000px;height:23.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf5" data-dest-detail='[5,"XYZ",82,384,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:94.700000px;bottom:266.560000px;width:488.750000px;height:23.690000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf6" data-dest-detail='[6,"XYZ",82,322,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:94.700000px;bottom:242.860000px;width:488.750000px;height:23.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf8" data-dest-detail='[8,"XYZ",82,632,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:94.700000px;bottom:219.160000px;width:488.750000px;height:23.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf8" data-dest-detail='[8,"XYZ",82,435,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:106.800000px;bottom:198.460000px;width:447.700000px;height:20.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pfb" data-dest-detail='[11,"XYZ",82,756,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:106.800000px;bottom:177.760000px;width:447.700000px;height:20.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pfc" data-dest-detail='[12,"XYZ",82,756,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:106.800000px;bottom:157.060000px;width:447.700000px;height:20.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pfc" data-dest-detail='[12,"XYZ",82,337,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:94.700000px;bottom:133.370000px;width:488.750000px;height:23.690000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pfd" data-dest-detail='[13,"XYZ",82,694,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:106.800000px;bottom:112.670000px;width:447.700000px;height:20.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pfd" data-dest-detail='[13,"XYZ",82,429,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:106.800000px;bottom:91.970000px;width:447.700000px;height:20.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e6cfe4e0-3e57-4e8e-8572-80c0f8b0e6fc/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> <span class="_0 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">2 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.6.3<span class="ff3 fs3 ls4 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Medição das grandezas do processo <span class="_9 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">........................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="_5 blank"></span><span class="ls6 ws1">15<span class="ff3 fs3 ls5 ws3"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y1f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.6.4<span class="ff3 fs3 ls4 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Decisão<span class="_3 blank"> </span> sobre o que fazer<span class="_4 blank"></span> com<span class="_4 blank"></span> as <span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>edidas obti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>das <span class="ls0 ws0">................................</span>. <span class="_5 blank"></span><span class="ls6 ws1">15<span class="ff3 fs3 ls5 ws3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y20 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.6.5<span class="ff3 fs3 ls4 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Atuação no processo <span class="_a blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">.................................................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="_5 blank"></span><span class="ls6 ws1">15<span class="ff3 fs3 ls5 ws3"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y21 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.7<span class="ff3 fs3 ls3 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Elem<span class="_4 blank"></span>entos essenciais de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> um<span class="_4 blank"></span> sistema de autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>ação<span class="_8 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">..............................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="ls6 ws1">16</span><span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y22 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.8<span class="ff3 fs3 ls3 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Na prática <span class="_b blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">................................<span class="_3 blank"> </span>................................................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="ls6 ws1">18</span><span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y23 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.9<span class="ff3 fs3 ls3 ws3"> </span><span class="ls7 ws3">Leituras <span class="_4 blank"></span>recom<span class="_c blank"></span>endadas <span class="_b blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">................................................................<span class="_3 blank"> </span>...........................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="ls6 ws1">20</span><span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y24 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.10<span class="ff3 fs3 ls8 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Ex<span class="_c blank"></span>er<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cíci<span class="_3 blank"> </span>os e atividades <span class="ls0 ws0">...........................................................................................</span> <span class="_4 blank"></span><span class="ls6 ws1">21<span class="ff3 fs3 ls5 ws3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y25 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.11<span class="ff3 fs3 ls8 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Soluções de alguns exercíc<span class="_4 blank"></span>ios <span class="_d blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">................................................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="ls6 ws1">21</span><span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y26 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">1.12<span class="ff3 fs3 ls8 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Referências bib<span class="_4 blank"></span>liog<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ráficas <span class="_a blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">.......................................................................................<span class="ls5 ws3"> <span class="ls6 ws1">22</span><span class="ff3 fs3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y27 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><a class="l" href="#pff" data-dest-detail='[15,"XYZ",82,653,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:106.800000px;bottom:736.170000px;width:447.700000px;height:20.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pff" data-dest-detail='[15,"XYZ",82,449,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:106.800000px;bottom:715.470000px;width:447.700000px;height:20.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pff" data-dest-detail='[15,"XYZ",82,205,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:106.800000px;bottom:694.780000px;width:447.700000px;height:20.690000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf10" data-dest-detail='[16,"XYZ",82,508,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:94.700000px;bottom:671.080000px;width:488.750000px;height:23.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf12" data-dest-detail='[18,"XYZ",82,694,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:94.700000px;bottom:647.380000px;width:488.750000px;height:23.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf14" data-dest-detail='[20,"XYZ",82,236,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:94.700000px;bottom:623.680000px;width:488.750000px;height:23.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf15" data-dest-detail='[21,"XYZ",82,671,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:94.700000px;bottom:599.980000px;width:488.750000px;height:23.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf15" data-dest-detail='[21,"XYZ",82,288,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:94.700000px;bottom:576.280000px;width:488.750000px;height:23.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" href="#pf16" data-dest-detail='[22,"XYZ",82,503,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:94.700000px;bottom:552.590000px;width:488.750000px;height:23.690000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e6cfe4e0-3e57-4e8e-8572-80c0f8b0e6fc/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> <span class="_0 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">3 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y28 ff2 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws3">1 <span class="_e blank"> </span>(Capítulo<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>1) Conce<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tos fundame<span class="_c blank"></span>nt<span class="_c blank"></span>ais </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y29 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y2a ff5 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">\u201cÉ <span class="_f blank"> </span>muito <span class="_f blank"> </span>b<span class="_4 blank"></span>om <span class="_f blank"> </span>que <span class="_f blank"> </span>o <span class="_f blank"> </span>mundo <span class="_f blank"> </span>seja <span class="_f blank"> </span>totalmen<span class="_4 blank"></span>te <span class="_f blank"> </span>automa<span class="_4 blank"></span>tiz<span class="_4 blank"></span>ado </div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y2b ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">pois, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>desta <span class="_10 blank"> </span>forma, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>o <span class="_10 blank"> </span>homem <span class="_10 blank"> </span>será <span class="_10 blank"> </span>obrigad<span class="_4 blank"></span>o <span class="_10 blank"> </span>a <span class="_f blank"> </span>se <span class="_10 blank"> </span>dedicar <span class="_f blank"> </span>à </div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y2c ff5 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">tarefa mais no<span class="_4 blank"></span>bre que<span class="_4 blank"></span> existe<span class="_c blank"></span>:<span class="_3 blank"> </span> pensar.\u201d<span class="_4 blank"></span><span class="ff6"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y2d ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Fernan<span class="_4 blank"></span>do Schne<span class="_4 blank"></span>ck de Paul<span class="_4 blank"></span>a Pessôa -<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="lsb ws4">1984</span><span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y2e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y2f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Este <span class="_11 blank"> </span>capítulo <span class="_11 blank"> </span>apresenta <span class="_11 blank"> </span>os <span class="_11 blank"> </span>c<span class="_c blank"></span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nceitos <span class="_11 blank"> </span>f<span class="_4 blank"></span>u<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ndamentais <span class="_11 blank"> </span>de <span class="_11 blank"> </span>autom<span class="_c blank"></span>ação, <span class="_e blank"> </span>incluindo </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">term<span class="_4 blank"></span>in<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ologia, histórico da autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>ação e ca<span class="_3 blank"> </span>racterísticas dos processos de pr<span class="_4 blank"></span>odução </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y31 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>ati<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zados. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y32 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y33 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y34 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h9 y35 ff7 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws5">1.1<span class="ff8 ls9 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Mini<span class="_3 blank"> </span>glossário<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y36 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws6">Automação<span class="ff1 ls0 ws3">. R<span class="ls5">ealização de tarefas sem<span class="_c blank"></span> a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> in<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tervenção hum<span class="_c blank"></span>ana<span class="_8 blank"> </span>. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y37 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">Controlado<span class="_3 blank"> </span>r.<span class="ff1 ws3"> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>E<span class="_4 blank"></span>lemento <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>um <span class="_12 blank"> </span>sistema <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>controle<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>autom<span class="_c blank"></span>áti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>co <span class="_12 blank"> </span>responsável <span class="_12 blank"> </span>pelo </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y38 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">com<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ndo d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>as variáveis. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y39 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Controle <span class="_10 blank"> </span>automático<span class="ff1">. <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Controle <span class="_7 blank"> </span>para <span class="_10 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nter <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>grandeza <span class="_10 blank"> </span>contro<span class="_4 blank"></span>lad<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>dentro <span class="_7 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>valores </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">previstos<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Controle de processo<span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff1 ls0">. C<span class="ls5">ontrole de um<span class="_c blank"></span> pro<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cesso produtivo </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws7">Distúrbio<span class="ff1 ws3">. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Qualquer <span class="_7 blank"> </span>sina<span class="_4 blank"></span>l <span class="_7 blank"> </span>qu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>tenda <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>afetar<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>adversamente <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>va<span class="_4 blank"></span>lor <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>um<span class="_4 blank"></span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>grandeza. </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">O m<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>smo que p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>erturbação. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Engenh<span class="_4 blank"></span>eiro <span class="_7 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_10 blank"> </span>automação<span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff1">. <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Especialista <span class="_10 blank"> </span>no<span class="_4 blank"></span>s <span class="_7 blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stemas <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>auto<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>ação <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>um <span class="_7 blank"> </span>siste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ma </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">produtivo </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y40 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Engenh<span class="_4 blank"></span>eiro <span class="_f blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_f blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rocesso<span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff1">. <span class="_13 blank"> </span>Esp<span class="_4 blank"></span>eciali<span class="_3 blank"> </span>sta <span class="_f blank"> </span>no <span class="_10 blank"> </span>pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ocesso <span class="_f blank"> </span>específico <span class="_f blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_f blank"> </span>sistem<span class="_c blank"></span>a <span class="_13 blank"> </span>pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>odutivo </span></div><div class="c x9 y41 w2 ha"><div class="t m0 xd h7 y42 ff6 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls5 ws3">Ao término<span class="_4 blank"></span> deste ca<span class="_4 blank"></span>pítulo você<span class="_4 blank"></span> va<span class="_4 blank"></span>i conhe<span class="_4 blank"></span>cer: </div><div class="t m0 xe h8 y43 ff9 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls5 ws8">\uf0b7<span class="ff1 lsa ws3"> <span class="ff6 ls5">os prin<span class="_4 blank"></span>cipa<span class="_4 blank"></span>is termos de au<span class="_4 blank"></span>tomação<span class="_c blank"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h8 y44 ff9 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls5 ws8">\uf0b7<span class="ff1 lsa ws3"> <span class="ff6 ls5">a histó<span class="_4 blank"></span>ria da au<span class="_4 blank"></span>tomação </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h8 y45 ff9 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls5 ws8">\uf0b7<span class="ff1 lsa ws3"> <span class="ff6 ls5">as vanta<span class="_4 blank"></span>gens e li<span class="_4 blank"></span>mitaçõe<span class="_4 blank"></span>s de sis<span class="_4 blank"></span>temas de au<span class="_4 blank"></span>to<span class="_4 blank"></span>mação </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h8 y46 ff9 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls5 ws8">\uf0b7<span class="ff1 lsa ws3"> <span class="ff6 ls5">as caracte<span class="_4 blank"></span>rísticas de<span class="_4 blank"></span> u<span class="_4 blank"></span>m siste<span class="_4 blank"></span>ma produ<span class="_4 blank"></span>tivo </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h8 y47 ff9 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls5 ws8">\uf0b7<span class="ff1 lsa ws3"> <span class="ff6 ls5">os profissiona<span class="_4 blank"></span>is <span class="_14 blank"> </span>envol<span class="_4 blank"></span>vido<span class="_4 blank"></span>s <span class="_14 blank"> </span>com <span class="_14 blank"> </span>sistemas<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>produ<span class="_4 blank"></span>tivos <span class="_14 blank"> </span>e de </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf h7 y48 ff6 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls5 ws3">automa<span class="_4 blank"></span>ção </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e6cfe4e0-3e57-4e8e-8572-80c0f8b0e6fc/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> <span class="_0 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">4 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">em<span class="_c blank"></span> a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nál<span class="_3 blank"> </span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>se. Pode ser um<span class="_c blank"></span> enge<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nheiro mecânico, elétrico, quím<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>co, metalur<span class="_3 blank"> </span>gista, etc. <span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y49 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Engenh<span class="_4 blank"></span>eiro <span class="_13 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_13 blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rodução<span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff1">. <span class="_16 blank"> </span>Esp<span class="_4 blank"></span>ecialista <span class="_13 blank"> </span>n<span class="_3 blank"> </span>os <span class="_13 blank"> </span>métodos <span class="_13 blank"> </span>de <span class="_16 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_13 blank"> </span>para <span class="_13 blank"> </span>um <span class="_13 blank"> </span>siste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y20 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">produtivo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y21 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws9">Mecanização<span class="ff1 ls0 ws3">. S<span class="ls5">ubstituição do trabalho hum<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>n<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o ou animal por equipam<span class="_c blank"></span>ento<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s<span class="_3 blank"> </span>.<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 wsa">Observabilidade <span class="ff1 ws3">. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Capacidade <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>realizar <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>lei<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tura <span class="_7 blank"> </span>direta <span class="_7 blank"> </span>(observar) <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>gr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>andeza </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">em<span class="_c blank"></span> u<span class="_8 blank"> </span>m sistem<span class="_4 blank"></span>a de auto<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ção<span class="_3 blank"> </span>.<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">Planta<span class="ff1 ws3"> (industri<span class="_3 blank"> </span>al)<span class="ls0">. N</span>om<span class="_c blank"></span>e da<span class="_3 blank"> </span>do a uma unidade industrial<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 wsb">Processo<span class="ff1 ls0 ws3">. O<span class="ls5">peração a ser controlada<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 wsc">Produto<span class="ff1 ws3">. A finalidade<span class="_3 blank"> </span> de um<span class="_c blank"></span> si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stema produtivo é produz<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>r<span class="_3 blank"> </span> um<span class="_4 blank"></span> produto<span class="_8 blank"> </span>. </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 wsd">Pertur<span class="_4 blank"></span>bação <span class="ff1 ws3">. <span class="_12 blank"> </span>Qual<span class="_3 blank"> </span>quer <span class="_12 blank"> </span>sina<span class="_4 blank"></span>l <span class="_12 blank"> </span>qu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_12 blank"> </span>tenda <span class="_12 blank"> </span>a <span class="_12 blank"> </span>afetar <span class="_12 blank"> </span>adversam<span class="_4 blank"></span>ente <span class="_12 blank"> </span>o <span class="_12 blank"> </span>val<span class="_3 blank"> </span>or <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y50 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">grande<span class="_3 blank"> </span>z<span class="_4 blank"></span>a. O m<span class="_4 blank"></span>es<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span> que di<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stúrbio<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y51 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Set point<span class="ff1">. Valor aj<span class="_c blank"></span>ustad<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o para um<span class="_c blank"></span>a grandeza que um<span class="_c blank"></span> siste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>a automático deverá </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y52 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">m<span class="_c blank"></span>an<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ter sob co<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ntrole. O m<span class="_4 blank"></span>esmo que <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ponto d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e aj<span class="_c blank"></span>uste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y53 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Ponto de <span class="_15 blank"> </span>ajuste<span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff1">. Valor ajustado para uma grandeza que um sistem<span class="_4 blank"></span>a auto<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mático </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y54 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">deverá manter sob controle. O m<span class="_c blank"></span>es<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mo que set<span class="_3 blank"> </span>-<span class="_3 blank"> </span>point. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h9 y55 ff7 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws5">1.2<span class="ff8 ls9 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Conceit<span class="_3 blank"> </span>os e ter<span class="_3 blank"> </span>minologi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y56 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y57 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2">Automação<span class="fs7 wse v1">1</span><span class="ff1 ws3"> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>vem <span class="_8 blank"> </span>do <span class="_7 blank"> </span>l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ati<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ff6 ws2">auto<span class="_3 blank"> </span>matus<span class="_3 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>que <span class="_7 blank"> </span>significa <span class="_7 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>over-<span class="_3 blank"> </span>se <span class="_7 blank"> </span>por <span class="_7 blank"> </span>si. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>A <span class="_7 blank"> </span>autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>ação <span class="_7 blank"> </span>é <span class="_10 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y58 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">realização <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>tarefas <span class="_3 blank"> </span>se<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ntervenção <span class="_3 blank"> </span>human<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>com<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>equi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>pam<span class="_c blank"></span>en<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>dispositivos <span class="_3 blank"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y59 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">funcionam <span class="_7 blank"> </span>so<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zin<span class="_3 blank"> </span>hos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e <span class="_f blank"> </span>possuem<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>cap<span class="_3 blank"> </span>aci<span class="_3 blank"> </span>dade <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>r<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ealizar <span class="_f blank"> </span>co<span class="_4 blank"></span>rreções <span class="_f blank"> </span>n<span class="_4 blank"></span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>ocor<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rênc<span class="_4 blank"></span>ia <span class="_f blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y5a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">desvi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_10 blank"> </span>das <span class="_f blank"> </span>condições <span class="_10 blank"> </span>definidas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_10 blank"> </span>operação. <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Val<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_10 blank"> </span>di<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zer <span class="_10 blank"> </span>que <span class="_f blank"> </span>essas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>corr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>eções <span class="_10 blank"> </span>podem </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y5b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">ser <span class="_10 blank"> </span>fei<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>sem<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>necessidade<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>computado<span class="_4 blank"></span>res, <span class="_f blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>as <span class="_10 blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m <span class="_f blank"> </span>através <span class="_f blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>di<span class="_3 blank"> </span>spos<span class="_4 blank"></span>itivos <span class="_f blank"> </span>q<span class="_4 blank"></span>ue </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y5c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">foram concebidos <span class="_15 blank"> </span>par<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a realizá<span class="_3 blank"> </span>-las de<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ntro de suas característica<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s construtivas. Por </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y5d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">exem<span class="_4 blank"></span>plo <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>carburador <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>automóvel<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>r<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ealizava <span class="_8 blank"> </span>correções <span class="_8 blank"> </span>n<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>mistura <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ar/co<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>bu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stível </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y5e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">conforme as condições de operação. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y5f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">O <span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ls5">controle <span class="_17 blank"> </span>automático<span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff1"> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>propicia <span class="_17 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>ei<span class="_3 blank"> </span>os <span class="_17 blank"> </span>pa<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ra <span class="_17 blank"> </span>o <span class="_17 blank"> </span>desempenho <span class="_17 blank"> </span>otim<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zado<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>de </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y60 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">equipamentos, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>lho<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ria <span class="_8 blank"> </span>da <span class="_7 blank"> </span>qua<span class="_4 blank"></span>lidade, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>r<span class="_4 blank"></span>edução <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>custos,<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>au<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>en<span class="_3 blank"> </span>to <span class="_8 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>odut<span class="_4 blank"></span>ividad<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y61 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">substituição <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>mão <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>obra. <span class="_8 blank"> </span>H<span class="_4 blank"></span>á <span class="_3 blank"> </span>situ<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ações <span class="_3 blank"> </span>nas <span class="_3 blank"> </span>quais<span class="_8 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>nã<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>é <span class="_8 blank"> </span>possíve<span class="_c blank"></span>l<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>realizar <span class="_3 blank"> </span>atividades </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y62 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">sem<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>o <span class="_13 blank"> </span>uso <span class="_13 blank"> </span>de <span class="_13 blank"> </span>sistema <span class="_f blank"> </span>de <span class="_13 blank"> </span>controle <span class="_f blank"> </span>autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>ático <span class="_f blank"> </span>d<span class="_8 blank"> </span>evido <span class="_f blank"> </span>à <span class="_13 blank"> </span>necessidade <span class="_f blank"> </span>de <span class="_f blank"> </span>atua<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ção <span class="_f blank"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y63 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">tem<span class="_4 blank"></span>pos <span class="_3 blank"> </span>tã<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>pequenos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_3 blank"> </span>um<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ser<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>hum<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>no <span class="_8 blank"> </span>não <span class="_8 blank"> </span>seria <span class="_8 blank"> </span>capaz de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>reagir <span class="_3 blank"> </span>n<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>t<span class="_4 blank"></span>em<span class="_4 blank"></span>po <span class="_8 blank"> </span>correto. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y64 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="_c blank"></span><span class="ls5"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y65 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls5 wsf">1<span class="fs5 ws3 v2"> Todos<span class="_4 blank"></span> os<span class="_4 blank"></span> term<span class="_3 blank"> </span>os<span class="_4 blank"></span> e<span class="_4 blank"></span>m <span class="_3 blank"> </span>negr<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>to estão<span class="_4 blank"></span> de<span class="_4 blank"></span>finidos no<span class="_4 blank"></span> minigl<span class="_4 blank"></span>oss<span class="_c blank"></span>ári<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o do capítulo<span class="_4 blank"></span>. </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e6cfe4e0-3e57-4e8e-8572-80c0f8b0e6fc/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> <span class="_0 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">5 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Um <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ABS-Anti-l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ock <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Braking <span class="_8 blank"> </span>System <span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff4 lsc">\u2013</span>frei<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>autom<span class="_c blank"></span>áti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>co <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>veícul<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>por <span class="_8 blank"> </span>exem<span class="_c blank"></span>pl<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>funci<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ona </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y1f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">dessa <span class="_8 blank"> </span>form<span class="_c blank"></span>a, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>reti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rando <span class="_3 blank"> </span>do <span class="_8 blank"> </span>motorista <span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>controle <span class="_3 blank"> </span>do <span class="_8 blank"> </span>veícu<span class="_4 blank"></span>l<span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tuando <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>ane<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ir<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>frear </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y20 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">e lib<span class="_3 blank"> </span>erar as rodas para qu<span class="_4 blank"></span>e o veículo não perca a aderênc<span class="_4 blank"></span>ia<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y21 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">O <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ls5">c<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ontrole <span class="_7 blank"> </span>automático<span class="ff1"> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>fu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nciona <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>for<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>anter <span class="_10 blank"> </span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>grandeza <span class="_7 blank"> </span>controlada <span class="_7 blank"> </span>dentro <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">valores <span class="_f blank"> </span>predeterm<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nado<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_f blank"> </span>apesar <span class="_f blank"> </span>da <span class="_f blank"> </span>ex<span class="_4 blank"></span>istência <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ws10">p erturbações</span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>que <span class="_f blank"> </span>possam<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>desvi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ar<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y66 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">os <span class="_14 blank"> </span>va<span class="_4 blank"></span>lor<span class="_3 blank"> </span>es <span class="_18 blank"> </span>dessa <span class="_18 blank"> </span>grandeza. <span class="_18 blank"> </span>Por <span class="_18 blank"> </span>exemplo, <span class="_18 blank"> </span>um<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stema <span class="_18 blank"> </span>de <span class="ff2">co<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ntrole <span class="_14 blank"> </span>au<span class="_4 blank"></span>tomático<span class="ff1"> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>de<span class="_4 blank"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y67 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">tem<span class="_4 blank"></span>peratur<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_13 blank"> </span>alte<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ra <span class="_13 blank"> </span>o <span class="_16 blank"> </span>f<span class="_4 blank"></span>lu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>xo <span class="_f blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_13 blank"> </span>calor<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>q<span class="_3 blank"> </span>uando <span class="_f blank"> </span>hou<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ver <span class="_16 blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span>a <span class="_16 blank"> </span>queda <span class="_16 blank"> </span>na <span class="_13 blank"> </span>temperatura <span class="_16 blank"> </span>para </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y68 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsf ws11">re<span class="ls5 ws3">colocar <span class="_18 blank"> </span>essa <span class="_18 blank"> </span>grandeza <span class="_18 blank"> </span>controlada <span class="_18 blank"> </span>(temperatura) <span class="_18 blank"> </span>no<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff2">po<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nto <span class="_16 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_18 blank"> </span>ajuste<span class="_3 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>(<span class="ff8">set <span class="_18 blank"> </span>point</span>). </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y69 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Assim<span class="_4 blank"></span>, <span class="_8 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ws12">p erturbaç ão </span><span class="lsd"> <span class="ls6 ws1">ou</span><span class="lse"> </span></span><span class="ff2 ws13">distúrbio</span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>é <span class="_8 blank"> </span>qualquer <span class="_8 blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nal <span class="_8 blank"> </span>qu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tende <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>afetar <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ad<span class="_3 blank"> </span>versam<span class="_c blank"></span>ente<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y6a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">com<span class="_c blank"></span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>orta<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mento da saíd<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a do sistem<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. U<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="ff2 ws14">perturbação </span> pod<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e ser externa <span class="_4 blank"></span>ou interna.<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y6b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Os <span class="_7 blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stemas <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ws15">automação </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>atuam <span class="_7 blank"> </span>no <span class="_10 blank"> </span>control<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>grandezas <span class="_7 blank"> </span>físicas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_10 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>an<span class="_3 blank"> </span>eir<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y51 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">geral, <span class="_19 blank"> </span>para <span class="_19 blank"> </span>co<span class="_c blank"></span>ntr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>olar <span class="_19 blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_19 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ws16">proces so </span> <span class="_1a blank"> </span>qualquer. <span class="_1a blank"> </span>O <span class="_19 blank"> </span>term<span class="_c blank"></span>o <span class="_19 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ws17">proc esso </span> <span class="_19 blank"> </span>é <span class="_15 blank"> </span>utilizad<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_15 blank"> </span>pa<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ra </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y52 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">ide<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ntificar q<span class="_4 blank"></span>ualquer operação a ser controlada<span class="_4 blank"></span> pelo sistem<span class="_4 blank"></span>a de auto<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ção.<span class="_8 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y53 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Em<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>u<span class="_8 blank"> </span>ma <span class="_12 blank"> </span>in<span class="_3 blank"> </span>dústria <span class="_1b blank"> </span>norm<span class="_c blank"></span>al<span class="_8 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nte <span class="_1b blank"> </span>ex<span class="_4 blank"></span>iste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m <span class="_1b blank"> </span>diversos <span class="_1c blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ws18">processos</span> <span class="_1b blank"> </span>que <span class="_12 blank"> </span>constitu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>em<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>as<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y6c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">diversas eta<span class="_3 blank"> </span>pas produtivas de u<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span><span class="ff2">planta in<span class="_3 blank"> </span>dustrial</span>, o<span class="_3 blank"> </span> lo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cal físico on<span class="_3 blank"> </span>de estão todos os </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y6d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">siste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>as e<span class="_3 blank"> </span> equi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>pam<span class="_c blank"></span>ento<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s. Dessa for<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>o termo <span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ws2">p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>lanta</span> i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ndica o lo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ca<span class="_c blank"></span>l<span class="_3 blank"> </span> físico on<span class="_3 blank"> </span>de é feita </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y6e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">a transform<span class="_4 blank"></span>ação de matéria p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rim<span class="_4 blank"></span>a e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span> produto.<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y6f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h9 y70 ff7 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws5">1.3<span class="ff8 ls9 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Necessi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>dade de sis<span class="_3 blank"> </span>temas de <span class="_3 blank"> </span>contr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ole automáti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>co<span class="_8 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y71 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Quai<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s ser<span class="_4 blank"></span>iam, então, as necessidades d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o uso de sistemas autom<span class="_c blank"></span>ati<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zado<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s? </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y72 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Há <span class="_3 blank"> </span>várias <span class="_3 blank"> </span>razõ<span class="_3 blank"> </span>es para<span class="_3 blank"> </span> tanto <span class="_3 blank"> </span>pois, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>imeiro l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ugar, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>há <span class="_3 blank"> </span>situações <span class="_3 blank"> </span>nas <span class="_3 blank"> </span>quais o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rocesso </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y73 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">é <span class="_7 blank"> </span>tão <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ráp<span class="_4 blank"></span>id<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>qu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>não <span class="_7 blank"> </span>é<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>possível <span class="_8 blank"> </span>re<span class="_3 blank"> </span>alizar <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>se<span class="_4 blank"></span>u <span class="_7 blank"> </span>controle <span class="_7 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>anual<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mente. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>O <span class="_7 blank"> </span>des<span class="_4 blank"></span>liga<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>en<span class="_3 blank"> </span>to </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y74 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>um <span class="_10 blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stema <span class="_10 blank"> </span>elétr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ico<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>no <span class="_10 blank"> </span>caso <span class="_f blank"> </span>da <span class="_10 blank"> </span>queda <span class="_f blank"> </span>d<span class="_4 blank"></span>e <span class="_10 blank"> </span>u<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m <span class="_7 blank"> </span>r<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ai<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_10 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_f blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>um <span class="_7 blank"> </span>cur<span class="_3 blank"> </span>to<span class="_7 blank"> </span>-circuito<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>é <span class="_f blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>ai<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y75 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">apropriado <span class="_7 blank"> </span>que <span class="_10 blank"> </span>sej<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>au<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tom<span class="_4 blank"></span>ático<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>através <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>circuitos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>roteção <span class="_7 blank"> </span>do <span class="_7 blank"> </span>que <span class="_10 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>an<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ual. <span class="_10 blank"> </span>O <span class="_7 blank"> </span>já </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y76 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">cita<span class="_3 blank"> </span>do s<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stema de freio ABS m<span class="_4 blank"></span>el<span class="_3 blank"> </span>hora o sistema m<span class="_c blank"></span>anu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>al<span class="_3 blank"> </span> tornado<span class="_8 blank"> </span>-o m<span class="_c blank"></span>ai<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s segu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ro. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y77 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Um <span class="_7 blank"> </span>siste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>au<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tom<span class="_4 blank"></span>ação <span class="_10 blank"> </span>pode <span class="_10 blank"> </span>ser <span class="_7 blank"> </span>utilizado <span class="_7 blank"> </span>em<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tuaçõ<span class="_3 blank"> </span>es <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>risco <span class="_10 blank"> </span>o<span class="_4 blank"></span>nde <span class="_10 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>presenç<span class="_8 blank"> </span><span class="ls6">a </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y78 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">hum<span class="_4 blank"></span>ana é i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nadequada ou im<span class="_c blank"></span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ossível<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y79 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Um <span class="_8 blank"> </span>sistema <span class="_8 blank"> </span>automático <span class="_8 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>controle <span class="_8 blank"> </span>aumenta <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>qualidade <span class="_8 blank"> </span>pois <span class="_8 blank"> </span>re<span class="_3 blank"> </span>duz <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>variabilidade <span class="_8 blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">processo. <span class="_3 blank"> </span>A <span class="_3 blank"> </span>realização <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de atividades <span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>anuai<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s pode <span class="_3 blank"> </span>provocar<span class="_3 blank"> </span> variações d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_3 blank"> </span>pessoa para </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">pessoa ou da m<span class="_4 blank"></span>es<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>essoa em função de cansaço<span class="_3 blank"> </span> ou mes<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mo distração. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">A redução da variabilidade da produção aum<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nta a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> prec<span class="_4 blank"></span>isão<span class="_3 blank"> </span> dos itens produz<span class="_4 blank"></span>idos.<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e6cfe4e0-3e57-4e8e-8572-80c0f8b0e6fc/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> <span class="_0 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">6 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Um <span class="_1a blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stema <span class="_1a blank"> </span>de <span class="_1d blank"> </span>autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>ação <span class="_19 blank"> </span>au<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>en<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ta <span class="_19 blank"> </span>a <span class="_19 blank"> </span>produtividade <span class="_1a blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ois <span class="_1a blank"> </span>per<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>te <span class="_1d blank"> </span>o <span class="_1a blank"> </span>aumento <span class="_19 blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y1f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">velo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cidade de pro<span class="_4 blank"></span>dução. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y20 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Um <span class="_7 blank"> </span>siste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>au<span class="_3 blank"> </span>to<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ção <span class="_10 blank"> </span>per<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>ite <span class="_10 blank"> </span>aumentar <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>efi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ciência <span class="_7 blank"> </span>operacio<span class="_8 blank"> </span>nal<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>da<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_7 blank"> </span>instala<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ções </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">poi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_f blank"> </span>perm<span class="_4 blank"></span>ite<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>a <span class="_16 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>ediçã<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_f blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_f blank"> </span>s<span class="_8 blank"> </span>ua <span class="_f blank"> </span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span>peração <span class="_f blank"> </span>como <span class="_f blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>or <span class="_13 blank"> </span>exem<span class="_4 blank"></span>plo<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>o <span class="_13 blank"> </span>nú<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mero <span class="_f blank"> </span>de <span class="_13 blank"> </span>hor<span class="_3 blank"> </span>as <span class="_13 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">funcionamento <span class="_1b blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1c blank"> </span>equipamentos <span class="_1c blank"> </span>e <span class="_1c blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>identi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ficação <span class="_1b blank"> </span>de <span class="_1c blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>efe<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tos <span class="_1c blank"> </span>an<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tes <span class="_1c blank"> </span>que <span class="_1b blank"> </span>este<span class="_8 blank"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">provoquem<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>par<span class="_3 blank"> </span>adas<span class="_3 blank"> </span>, <span class="_13 blank"> </span>tornado <span class="_13 blank"> </span>possível <span class="_f blank"> </span>a <span class="_13 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>n<span class="_3 blank"> </span>utenção <span class="_f blank"> </span>pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>eventiva <span class="_f blank"> </span>e <span class="_13 blank"> </span>não <span class="_13 blank"> </span>corret<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>va. <span class="_13 blank"> </span>Isto </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y67 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">tam<span class="_4 blank"></span>bé<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> r<span class="_3 blank"> </span>eduz o cu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>sto de operação. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Um siste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>a de auto<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mação reduz a mão de o<span class="_3 blank"> </span>bra. Val<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e observar que também<span class="_4 blank"></span> e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>xige <span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>ão<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y80 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>obra <span class="_8 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>ais <span class="_8 blank"> </span>cara<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>spec<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>alizada <span class="_8 blank"> </span>para <span class="_8 blank"> </span>cuidar <span class="_3 blank"> </span>do<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_3 blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stem<span class="_c blank"></span>as <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>auto<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>açã<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_3 blank"> </span>n<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ão <span class="_8 blank"> </span>mais </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y81 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">para <span class="_13 blank"> </span>executar <span class="_13 blank"> </span>a <span class="_f blank"> </span>produção <span class="_13 blank"> </span>propriam<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nte <span class="_13 blank"> </span>di<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ta<span class="_c blank"></span>. <span class="_13 blank"> </span>O <span class="_13 blank"> </span>custo <span class="_13 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_13 blank"> </span>sist<span class="_8 blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>as <span class="_13 blank"> </span>de <span class="_13 blank"> </span>auto<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ção <span class="_13 blank"> </span>é<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y50 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">alto, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>as <span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>custo <span class="_3 blank"> </span>da <span class="_8 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>ão <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_3 blank"> </span>obra<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>te<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m au<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mentado <span class="_3 blank"> </span>fa<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zendo <span class="_3 blank"> </span>com que <span class="_3 blank"> </span>essa <span class="_3 blank"> </span>r<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ela<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ção <span class="_3 blank"> </span>entre </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y82 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>ati<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zar <span class="_16 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_13 blank"> </span>n<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ão <span class="_13 blank"> </span>cam<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nh<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e, <span class="_13 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>long<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_13 blank"> </span>prazo <span class="_13 blank"> </span>par<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_13 blank"> </span>a <span class="_16 blank"> </span>decisão <span class="_13 blank"> </span>de <span class="_16 blank"> </span>automatizar <span class="_13 blank"> </span>de <span class="_16 blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y83 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">m<span class="_c blank"></span>an<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ei<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ra ger<span class="_3 blank"> </span>al os s<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stemas produtivos.<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y84 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Para <span class="_13 blank"> </span>fin<span class="_3 blank"> </span>alizar, <span class="_13 blank"> </span>tam<span class="_4 blank"></span>bé<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>é <span class="_16 blank"> </span>bom<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>em<span class="_4 blank"></span>brar <span class="_18 blank"> </span>que <span class="_13 blank"> </span>é <span class="_16 blank"> </span>difícil <span class="_13 blank"> </span>manter <span class="_13 blank"> </span>um <span class="_f blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stema <span class="_13 blank"> </span>de <span class="_16 blank"> </span>produção </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y54 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>ati<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zado<span class="_3 blank"> </span>, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ois <span class="_7 blank"> </span>há <span class="_10 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ne<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cessidade <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>anter <span class="_10 blank"> </span>os <span class="_10 blank"> </span>equ<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>pamentos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>em <span class="_7 blank"> </span>bo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m <span class="_7 blank"> </span>estado <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y85 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">m<span class="_c blank"></span>an<span class="_3 blank"> </span>utenção, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>as <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tol<span class="_3 blank"> </span>erâncias <span class="_7 blank"> </span>são <span class="_8 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>enores <span class="_7 blank"> </span>co<span class="_4 blank"></span>m <span class="_8 blank"> </span>rel<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ação <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>var<span class="_4 blank"></span>iaç<span class="_7 blank"> </span>ões <span class="_8 blank"> </span>do <span class="_7 blank"> </span>p<span class="_4 blank"></span>rocesso <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>um<span class="_4 blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y86 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">parada<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>do <span class="_16 blank"> </span>sistema <span class="_16 blank"> </span>provoca <span class="_18 blank"> </span>perdas <span class="_16 blank"> </span>grandes <span class="_16 blank"> </span>devi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>do <span class="_16 blank"> </span>à<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>pa<span class="_8 blank"> </span>rada <span class="_16 blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ropriam<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nte <span class="_16 blank"> </span>di<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ta <span class="_18 blank"> </span>e <span class="_16 blank"> </span>à </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y87 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">perda <span class="_1c blank"> </span>de <span class="_1c blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>ate<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ri<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ais. <span class="_1c blank"> </span>A <span class="_1c blank"> </span>reco<span class="_c blank"></span>l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ocação <span class="_1c blank"> </span>em<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>funci<span class="_3 blank"> </span>onam<span class="_4 blank"></span>ento <span class="_1c blank"> </span>exige <span class="_1c blank"> </span>pessoas <span class="_1c blank"> </span>altam<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nte </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y88 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">especiali<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zadas <span class="_f blank"> </span>com<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>con<span class="_3 blank"> </span>heci<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nto <span class="_13 blank"> </span>profundo <span class="_f blank"> </span>não <span class="_13 blank"> </span>som<span class="_4 blank"></span>ente <span class="_13 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_13 blank"> </span>equipamentos <span class="_f blank"> </span>mas <span class="_f blank"> </span>da<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y89 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">instal<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ação esp<span class="_4 blank"></span>ecífica. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y8a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h9 y8b ff7 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws5">1.4<span class="ff8 ls9 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">His<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tórico da aut<span class="_3 blank"> </span>omaçã<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y8c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Antes <span class="_3 blank"> </span>da revolu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ção industrial <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>produção de bens <span class="_3 blank"> </span>era <span class="_3 blank"> </span>fei<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ta pelos a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rtesãos<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>com<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>iver<span class="_3 blank"> </span>sas </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y8d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">especialidades <span class="_7 blank"> </span>como <span class="_7 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>arceneiro<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>carpinte<span class="_4 blank"></span>iros <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ferr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>eiros.<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Essa <span class="_7 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_7 blank"> </span>era <span class="_7 blank"> </span>feita <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y8e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">form<span class="_4 blank"></span>a artesa<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nal, ou sej<span class="_4 blank"></span>a, co<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span> ferramentas manuais e em<span class="_4 blank"></span> bai<span class="_3 blank"> </span>x<span class="_4 blank"></span>a escala produtiva.<span class="_7 blank"> </span> <span class="_4 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y8f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">A <span class="_8 blank"> </span>revoluçã<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>industrial <span class="_8 blank"> </span>trouxe <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>r<span class="_3 blank"> </span>odução <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>massa <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_8 blank"> </span>nova <span class="_7 blank"> </span>form<span class="_c blank"></span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>or<span class="_3 blank"> </span>gan<span class="_4 blank"></span>izaçã<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y90 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">da <span class="_7 blank"> </span>produ<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ção <span class="_7 blank"> </span>alterando <span class="_7 blank"> </span>inclusive <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>natureza <span class="_8 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>trabalho<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Máqu<span class="_4 blank"></span>ina<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_7 blank"> </span>foram </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y91 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">sendo <span class="_16 blank"> </span>construí<span class="_4 blank"></span>das <span class="_13 blank"> </span>e <span class="_13 blank"> </span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_f blank"> </span>pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>odutos<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>er<span class="_3 blank"> </span>am<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>fabricados <span class="_16 blank"> </span>em<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>io<span class="_3 blank"> </span>r <span class="_13 blank"> </span>quantidade <span class="_13 blank"> </span>com<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>eno<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y92 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">m<span class="_c blank"></span>ão<span class="_8 blank"> </span> de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>obra, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>gr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>aças <span class="_3 blank"> </span>principalmente à <span class="_8 blank"> </span>máquina a<span class="_8 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>vapo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>r <span class="_3 blank"> </span>que <span class="_3 blank"> </span>per<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>itiu <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ncorporação <span class="_3 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y93 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">força mecânica de trabalho que <span class="_3 blank"> </span>anter<span class="_4 blank"></span>io<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rm<span class="_4 blank"></span>ente e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ra proveniente <span class="ls6">de </span>animais ou do próprio </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y94 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">ser <span class="_18 blank"> </span>hum<span class="_4 blank"></span>ano. <span class="_18 blank"> </span>Isso <span class="_18 blank"> </span>ocorreu <span class="_18 blank"> </span>na <span class="_18 blank"> </span>segunda <span class="_18 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>etad<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_18 blank"> </span>do <span class="_18 blank"> </span>sécu<span class="_4 blank"></span>lo <span class="_18 blank"> </span>X<span class="_8 blank"> </span>VIII <span class="_18 blank"> </span>com<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>a <span class="_18 blank"> </span>inven<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ção <span class="_16 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y95 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Jam<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_16 blank"> </span>W<span class="_8 blank"> </span>att <span class="_16 blank"> </span><span class="ff4 lsc">\u2013</span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>áqui<span class="_3 blank"> </span>na <span class="_16 blank"> </span>a <span class="_18 blank"> </span>vapor<span class="_3 blank"> </span>- <span class="_16 blank"> </span>q<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ue <span class="_16 blank"> </span>incorporou<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>um<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_18 blank"> </span>pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>imeiros <span class="_18 blank"> </span>d<span class="_4 blank"></span>isp<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ositivos <span class="_16 blank"> </span>de </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e6cfe4e0-3e57-4e8e-8572-80c0f8b0e6fc/bg7.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> <span class="_0 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">7 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>ação: <span class="_16 blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>regu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>lador <span class="_16 blank"> </span>centrí<span class="_4 blank"></span>fugo <span class="_13 blank"> </span>de <span class="_16 blank"> </span>v<span class="_4 blank"></span>elocidade<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>(e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>sse <span class="_f blank"> </span>r<span class="_3 blank"> </span>egulador <span class="_13 blank"> </span>tinha <span class="_13 blank"> </span>por <span class="_13 blank"> </span>função </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y1f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">m<span class="_c blank"></span>an<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ter <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>rota<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ção <span class="_7 blank"> </span>constante <span class="_7 blank"> </span>da <span class="_8 blank"> </span>máquina <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>vapor)<span class="_8 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>[OLV<span class="ls6 ws1">1999</span>] <span class="_7 blank"> </span>[BIS<span class="ls6 ws1">2009<span class="_c blank"></span><span class="ls10">]<span class="ls0 ws3">. <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ls5">Vale <span class="_7 blank"> </span>observar </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y20 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">que <span class="_1d blank"> </span>a <span class="_1d blank"> </span>re<span class="_3 blank"> </span>volução <span class="_19 blank"> </span>industrial <span class="_1d blank"> </span>transformou <span class="_19 blank"> </span>os <span class="_1d blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ntigos <span class="_1d blank"> </span>artesãos <span class="_1d blank"> </span>em <span class="_19 blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>preg<span class="_7 blank"> </span>ados <span class="_1d blank"> </span>das </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">ind<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ústr<span class="_4 blank"></span>ias<span class="_3 blank"> </span>: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>eles <span class="_8 blank"> </span>detinham<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>con<span class="_3 blank"> </span>heci<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nto <span class="_8 blank"> </span>para <span class="_8 blank"> </span>rea<span class="_3 blank"> </span>lizar <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rodução <span class="_8 blank"> </span>propriam<span class="_c blank"></span>en<span class="_3 blank"> </span>te <span class="_8 blank"> </span>dita<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">os <span class="_8 blank"> </span>proprietários <span class="_8 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ios <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>odução <span class="_3 blank"> </span>er<span class="_3 blank"> </span>am<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>os <span class="_8 blank"> </span>capi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>talistas, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_7 blank"> </span>po<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ssuíam <span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>capi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tal <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">os equipamentos de produção. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y67 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Na <span class="_18 blank"> </span>vir<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ada <span class="_18 blank"> </span>do <span class="_18 blank"> </span>século <span class="_18 blank"> </span>XX <span class="_18 blank"> </span>F<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rederick <span class="_16 blank"> </span>W<span class="_8 blank"> </span>inslow<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>Tayl<span class="_3 blank"> </span>or <span class="_18 blank"> </span>[TLR1990] <span class="_14 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>udo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>u <span class="_18 blank"> </span>mais <span class="_14 blank"> </span>a<span class="_4 blank"></span>inda <span class="_18 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hd y80 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">form<span class="_4 blank"></span>a <span class="_f blank"> </span>de <span class="_f blank"> </span>trabal<span class="_3 blank"> </span>har, <span class="_f blank"> </span>criando <span class="_f blank"> </span>o <span class="_f blank"> </span>\u201c<span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff6">pri<span class="_4 blank"></span>ncípio <span class="_10 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_f blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>dmini<span class="_c blank"></span>str<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ação <span class="_f blank"> </span>científica<span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff4">\u201d. <span class="_f blank"> </span>O <span class="_f blank"> </span>conheci<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>ento </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y81 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">necessário <span class="_1e blank"> </span>para <span class="_1f blank"> </span>realizar <span class="_1e blank"> </span>a <span class="_1f blank"> </span>produção <span class="_1f blank"> </span>propriamente <span class="_1f blank"> </span>dita<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_1f blank"> </span>era <span class="_1e blank"> </span>de <span class="_1f blank"> </span>domínio <span class="_1f blank"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y50 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">trabalhadores, <span class="_19 blank"> </span>antigos <span class="_1a blank"> </span>artesãos <span class="_1a blank"> </span>qu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1a blank"> </span>migraram <span class="_15 blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ara <span class="_19 blank"> </span>as <span class="_1a blank"> </span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ndústrias <span class="_1a blank"> </span>e<span class="_7 blank"> </span> <span class="_1a blank"> </span>sabiam<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_1a blank"> </span>co<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mo </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y82 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">produzir<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Tay<span class="_c blank"></span>l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>or<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>qu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ebrou <span class="_7 blank"> </span>esse <span class="_7 blank"> </span>parad<span class="_4 blank"></span>ig<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>tr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>azendo <span class="_7 blank"> </span>pa<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ra <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>organização <span class="_7 blank"> </span>da <span class="_7 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y83 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">conhecim<span class="_4 blank"></span>ento <span class="_12 blank"> </span>necessári<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_1d blank"> </span>para <span class="_12 blank"> </span>se <span class="_12 blank"> </span>produz<span class="_4 blank"></span>ir <span class="_12 blank"> </span>os <span class="_12 blank"> </span>bens: <span class="_1d blank"> </span>as <span class="_12 blank"> </span>tarefas <span class="_12 blank"> </span>complexas <span class="_1d blank"> </span>eram </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y84 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">quebradas <span class="_3 blank"> </span>em ta<span class="_3 blank"> </span>refas <span class="_3 blank"> </span>menores e<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>mais <span class="_3 blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mples defi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nida<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_3 blank"> </span>em<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ca<span class="_3 blank"> </span>da <span class="_3 blank"> </span>posto <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_3 blank"> </span>tr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>abalho <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y54 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ta<span class="ls5 ws3">l <span class="_13 blank"> </span>fo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rm<span class="_4 blank"></span>a <span class="_13 blank"> </span>que<span class="_3 blank"> </span>, <span class="_f blank"> </span>se<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>a <span class="_13 blank"> </span>n<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ecessidade <span class="_13 blank"> </span>de <span class="_16 blank"> </span>conhecim<span class="_4 blank"></span>ento <span class="_16 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_13 blank"> </span>especialização, <span class="_13 blank"> </span>era <span class="_13 blank"> </span>possível </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y85 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">produzir<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ben<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_7 blank"> </span>com<span class="_c blank"></span>pl<span class="_3 blank"> </span>exos. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Estava <span class="_7 blank"> </span>criada <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>en<span class="_4 blank"></span>genharia <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_7 blank"> </span>com<span class="_c blank"></span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>é <span class="_7 blank"> </span>conheci<span class="_3 blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y86 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">hoje, notabilizada pela fabricação autom<span class="_c blank"></span>oti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>va de F<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ord, o m<span class="_4 blank"></span>odel<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o T preto nos anos 1920.<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y87 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Vale <span class="_1a blank"> </span>assi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stir <span class="_1a blank"> </span>o <span class="_1a blank"> </span>vídeo <span class="_1a blank"> </span>de W<span class="_8 blank"> </span>hitney <span class="_1a blank"> </span>e <span class="_15 blank"> </span>F<span class="_3 blank"> </span>letcher <span class="_1a blank"> </span> <span class="_19 blank"> </span>[<span class="_c blank"></span>W<span class="_8 blank"> </span>TH<span class="ls6 ws1">2009<span class="_c blank"></span><span class="ls5 ws3">]<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_1a blank"> </span>que <span class="_1a blank"> </span>discute <span class="_1a blank"> </span>a <span class="_1a blank"> </span>linha <span class="_1a blank"> </span>de </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y88 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">produção <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_f blank"> </span>Ford <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e <span class="_10 blank"> </span>mostra <span class="_10 blank"> </span>que<span class="_8 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>é <span class="_f blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>ai<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_10 blank"> </span>barato <span class="_f blank"> </span>adquirir <span class="_10 blank"> </span>um <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ca<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rro <span class="_f blank"> </span>do <span class="_10 blank"> </span>que<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>ante<span class="_3 blank"> </span>r <span class="_10 blank"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y89 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">carroça<span class="_3 blank"> </span> com<span class="_c blank"></span> caval<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>um<span class="_4 blank"></span>a das razõe<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s do sucesso desse em<span class="_c blank"></span>pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>eendimento<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y96 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Co<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>rel<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ação <span class="_8 blank"> </span>à <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>utom<span class="_c blank"></span>ação, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>prim<span class="_4 blank"></span>ei<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ra <span class="_8 blank"> </span>fas<span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_3 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ws19">mecanização</span>, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_8 blank"> </span>seja <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>realização <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y97 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">tarefas <span class="_3 blank"> </span>q<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ue <span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ser humano <span class="_3 blank"> </span>não<span class="_3 blank"> </span> tin<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ha <span class="_8 blank"> </span>cond<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ções <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_3 blank"> </span>realizar <span class="_3 blank"> </span>sem <span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>auxílio <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_3 blank"> </span>dispo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>sit<span class="_4 blank"></span>ivo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y98 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">que <span class="_16 blank"> </span>au<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>en<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tassem<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>sua <span class="_16 blank"> </span>ca<span class="_3 blank"> </span>paci<span class="_3 blank"> </span>dade <span class="_16 blank"> </span>de <span class="_16 blank"> </span>traba<span class="_4 blank"></span>lho<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. <span class="_13 blank"> </span>A <span class="_16 blank"> </span>mecanização <span class="_18 blank"> </span>é<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>a <span class="_16 blank"> </span>su<span class="_3 blank"> </span>bstitu<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ção <span class="_18 blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y99 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">trabalho<span class="_3 blank"> </span> hum<span class="_c blank"></span>ano ou a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nim<span class="_4 blank"></span>al<span class="_3 blank"> </span> p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>or equipam<span class="_4 blank"></span>entos. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls11 ws1a">Se<span class="ls5 ws3">gun<span class="_3 blank"> </span>do <span class="_20 blank"> </span>Bennett <span class="_1c blank"> </span>[BEN<span class="ls6 ws1">2002</span>] <span class="_20 blank"> </span>e <span class="_20 blank"> </span>O<span class="_c blank"></span>li<span class="_3 blank"> </span>veira <span class="_20 blank"> </span>[OLV<span class="ls6 ws1">1999</span>] <span class="_1c blank"> </span>o <span class="_20 blank"> </span>conceito <span class="_20 blank"> </span>d<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_20 blank"> </span>s<span class="_4 blank"></span>istemas <span class="_20 blank"> </span>de </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">realim<span class="_4 blank"></span>entação <span class="_18 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_16 blank"> </span>estudado <span class="_18 blank"> </span>e <span class="_16 blank"> </span>modelado <span class="_16 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>atem<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tica<span class="_8 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>ente<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>por <span class="_18 blank"> </span>Jam<span class="_c blank"></span>es <span class="_18 blank"> </span>Clerk <span class="_16 blank"> </span>Maxw<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ll<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">(conhecido <span class="_15 blank"> </span>n<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a ár<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ea de <span class="_1a blank"> </span>eletrom<span class="_c blank"></span>agn<span class="_3 blank"> </span>eti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>sm<span class="_c blank"></span>o)<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_1a blank"> </span>1868 <span class="_19 blank"> </span><span class="ls6 ws1">no</span> <span class="_1a blank"> </span>contro<span class="_4 blank"></span>le <span class="_15 blank"> </span>de <span class="_1a blank"> </span>ve<span class="_4 blank"></span>locidad<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1a blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">rotação <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>dispositivos <span class="_12 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>ecâni<span class="_8 blank"> </span>cos. <span class="_12 blank"> </span>Um<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>gr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ande <span class="_12 blank"> </span>dese<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nvo<span class="_c blank"></span>l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>vi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>ento <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>sistem<span class="_4 blank"></span>as <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">controle <span class="_3 blank"> </span>autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>áti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>co <span class="_3 blank"> </span>pa<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ra a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>estabiliza<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ção de <span class="_3 blank"> </span>navios e<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>aviões <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ocorreu no i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nício<span class="_3 blank"> </span> do <span class="_3 blank"> </span>século </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls11 ws3">XX <span class="ls7">[BIS2009] [OLV<span class="_4 blank"></span>1999]. </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ya0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Os <span class="_19 blank"> </span>pri<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>ei<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ros <span class="_19 blank"> </span>sistemas <span class="_1a blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_19 blank"> </span>auto<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mação, <span class="_1a blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ortanto<span class="_3 blank"> </span>, <span class="_19 blank"> </span>eram <span class="_19 blank"> </span>mecânicos <span class="_19 blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m <span class="_1a blank"> </span>funçã<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_19 blank"> </span>das<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ya1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">tecnologias <span class="_1a blank"> </span>disponíveis <span class="_1a blank"> </span>na <span class="_1a blank"> </span>época. Antiga<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>tam<span class="_c blank"></span>bé<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m <span class="_1a blank"> </span>é <span class="_15 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1a blank"> </span>tecnol<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ogia <span class="_1a blank"> </span>pneum<span class="_c blank"></span>á<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tica<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>qu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e6cfe4e0-3e57-4e8e-8572-80c0f8b0e6fc/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> <span class="_0 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">8 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">perm<span class="_4 blank"></span>iti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>u <span class="_21 blank"> </span>o <span class="_21 blank"> </span>desenv<span class="_4 blank"></span>olvimento <span class="_22 blank"> </span>de <span class="_22 blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stem<span class="_4 blank"></span>as <span class="_22 blank"> </span>de <span class="_21 blank"> </span>autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>ação <span class="_22 blank"> </span>pn<span class="_3 blank"> </span>eu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>á<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tico<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_22 blank"> </span>(com <span class="_22 blank"> </span>ar<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y1f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">com<span class="_c blank"></span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ri<span class="_8 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>do) e <span class="_18 blank"> </span>hidráulicos <span class="_18 blank"> </span>(<span class="_3 blank"> </span>com<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>ól<span class="_3 blank"> </span>eo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>) <span class="_14 blank"> </span>que <span class="_18 blank"> </span>foram<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>uti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>li<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zados <span class="_18 blank"> </span>dur<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ante <span class="_18 blank"> </span>muito <span class="_14 blank"> </span>tem<span class="_c blank"></span>po. A </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y20 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">ele<span class="_3 blank"> </span>trôn<span class="_4 blank"></span>ica, <span class="_1a blank"> </span>desen<span class="_3 blank"> </span>vo<span class="_c blank"></span>l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>vida <span class="_19 blank"> </span>no <span class="_1a blank"> </span>século <span class="_15 blank"> </span>XX, <span class="_1a blank"> </span>foi <span class="_1a blank"> </span>utili<span class="_8 blank"> </span>zada <span class="_1a blank"> </span>prim<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ir<span class="_3 blank"> </span>am<span class="_4 blank"></span>ente <span class="_1a blank"> </span>com <span class="_15 blank"> </span>te<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cnol<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ogia </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">analógica <span class="_3 blank"> </span>até<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>década de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>80 <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_8 blank"> </span>90 <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_3 blank"> </span>depois <span class="_3 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_8 blank"> </span>substituída <span class="_3 blank"> </span>pela <span class="_3 blank"> </span>te<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cnolog<span class="_4 blank"></span>ia <span class="_8 blank"> </span>digita<span class="_4 blank"></span>l <span class="_8 blank"> </span>com </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">o uso de controladores digitais. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h9 ya2 ff7 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws5">1.5<span class="ff8 ls9 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Sis<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tema produtiv<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ya3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ya4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Entende-<span class="_3 blank"> </span>se <span class="_3 blank"> </span>por <span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff2">Sistema <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Produtivo</span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>qual<span class="_3 blank"> </span>quer organi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zação <span class="_3 blank"> </span>que p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ossu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tens <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_3 blank"> </span>entrada </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ya5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">e <span class="_3 blank"> </span>realize<span class="_3 blank"> </span> atividades pa<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ra produzir <span class="_3 blank"> </span>um produ<span class="_3 blank"> </span>to ou o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>realizar um servi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ço. <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Como exemplos<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ya6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws1">pode<span class="ls5 ws3">-se <span class="_19 blank"> </span>c<span class="_4 blank"></span>ita<span class="_3 blank"> </span>r <span class="_1a blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_1a blank"> </span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ndústria <span class="_1a blank"> </span>auto<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span>bilística<span class="_8 blank"> </span><span class="ls13">, <span class="_1d blank"> </span></span>que <span class="_1a blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>roduz <span class="_1a blank"> </span>automóveis <span class="_19 blank"> </span>e <span class="_19 blank"> </span>cam<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nh<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ões<span class="_3 blank"> </span>; <span class="_19 blank"> </span><span class="ls6">a </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ya7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">agroindú<span class="_3 blank"> </span>str<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>que <span class="_8 blank"> </span>produz <span class="_7 blank"> </span>soj<span class="_4 blank"></span>a, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ho, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a<span class="_4 blank"></span>lgo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>dã<span class="_c blank"></span>o, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>carne<span class="_8 blank"> </span>; <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ndústria <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>serviços<span class="_3 blank"> </span>, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>como <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ya8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws1">em<span class="_c blank"></span><span class="ls5 ws3">pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>esas <span class="_17 blank"> </span>de <span class="_e blank"> </span>l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>pe<span class="_3 blank"> </span>za, <span class="_17 blank"> </span>saúde, <span class="_e blank"> </span>consul<span class="_3 blank"> </span>toria, <span class="_e blank"> </span>for<span class="_3 blank"> </span>necim<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nto <span class="_17 blank"> </span>de <span class="_e blank"> </span>ener<span class="_3 blank"> </span>gia <span class="_17 blank"> </span>e<span class="_c blank"></span>l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>étri<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ca, </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ya9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">tel<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ecom<span class="_c blank"></span>uni<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cações<span class="_3 blank"> </span>; e <span class="_14 blank"> </span>a indústr<span class="_4 blank"></span>ia do tu<span class="_4 blank"></span>rism<span class="_4 blank"></span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span>, que fornece serviços <span class="_14 blank"> </span>com<span class="_c blank"></span>o viage<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ns e </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yaa ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">hotelaria. </div><div class="t m0 x3 he yab ffa fs9 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws1b">1.5.1<span class="ff2 ls12 ws3"> </span><span class="ws3">Característ<span class="_3 blank"> </span>icas dos sist<span class="_3 blank"> </span>emas produtivos<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yac ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">O <span class="_8 blank"> </span>term<span class="_4 blank"></span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>qui<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>usado <span class="_3 blank"> </span>par<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>denominar <span class="_3 blank"> </span>as <span class="_8 blank"> </span>em<span class="_4 blank"></span>presas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>é <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Orga<span class="_8 blank"> </span>nização. <span class="_3 blank"> </span>A <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Organização <span class="_3 blank"> </span>tanto </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yad ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">pode <span class="_12 blank"> </span>ser <span class="_12 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_1d blank"> </span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ndústria, <span class="_12 blank"> </span>um<span class="_4 blank"></span>a <span class="_1d blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mpresa, <span class="_12 blank"> </span>am<span class="_4 blank"></span>bas <span class="_12 blank"> </span>co<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m <span class="_1d blank"> </span>fi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nali<span class="_3 blank"> </span>dades <span class="_1d blank"> </span>lucrativas, <span class="_12 blank"> </span>com<span class="_4 blank"></span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yae ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">tam<span class="_4 blank"></span>bé<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>u<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ma <span class="_f blank"> </span>Or<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ganização <span class="_13 blank"> </span>Não <span class="_f blank"> </span>Governamental <span class="_f blank"> </span>(ONG), <span class="_f blank"> </span>se<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>fi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ns <span class="_f blank"> </span>l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ucrat<span class="_4 blank"></span>ivos, <span class="_13 blank"> </span>mas <span class="_f blank"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yaf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">possui <span class="_16 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_16 blank"> </span>finalida<span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_16 blank"> </span>clara <span class="_16 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_16 blank"> </span>até <span class="_16 blank"> </span>um <span class="_16 blank"> </span>setor <span class="_16 blank"> </span>do<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>governo <span class="_16 blank"> </span>que, <span class="_16 blank"> </span>embora <span class="_16 blank"> </span>tam<span class="_4 blank"></span>bé<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span> não </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yb0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">tenha finalidade lucra<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tiva, é um<span class="_c blank"></span> si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>a prod<span class="_3 blank"> </span>utivo que presta serviços para a população </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yb1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3">com<span class="_c blank"></span>o segurança, saúde e educ<span class="_4 blank"></span>ação. </div><div class="t m0 x7 h2 yb2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e6cfe4e0-3e57-4e8e-8572-80c0f8b0e6fc/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> <span class="_0 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">9 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x10 h2 yb3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x11 hf yb4 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Figura 1 - S<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stema<span class="_4 blank"></span> prod<span class="_4 blank"></span>utivo<span class="_4 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yb5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yb6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">O <span class="_3 blank"> </span>diagram<span class="_c blank"></span>a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m bl<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ocos na<span class="_3 blank"> </span> Fi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>gura <span class="_3 blank"> </span>1 il<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ustra<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span><span class="ff8">Sistema <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Produtivo<span class="_3 blank"> </span></span>. O <span class="_3 blank"> </span>S<span class="_4 blank"></span>iste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Produtivo </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yb7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">recebe co<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>o e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ntrada<span class="_3 blank"> </span> um<span class="_4 blank"></span>a séri<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e de itens para rea<span class="_4 blank"></span>li<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zar suas funções e entrega<span class="_8 blank"> </span>r pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>odutos </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yb8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">ou serviços co<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> finalidade de atendim<span class="_c blank"></span>en<span class="_3 blank"> </span>to às necessida<span class="_3 blank"> </span>des do m<span class="_c blank"></span>er<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cado. <span class="_8 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yb9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Os <span class="_12 blank"> </span>itens <span class="_12 blank"> </span>que <span class="_1d blank"> </span>a <span class="_12 blank"> </span>organização <span class="_12 blank"> </span>recebe<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>são <span class="_19 blank"> </span>matéria <span class="_12 blank"> </span>prima, <span class="_1d blank"> </span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nsum<span class="_4 blank"></span>os, <span class="_12 blank"> </span>equipamentos, </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yba ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">energia, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>ão<span class="_3 blank"> </span> de obra, inform<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ção e capi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tal. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ybb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls11 ws3">A <span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ls5">matéria <span class="_3 blank"> </span>prima<span class="ff1"> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>é <span class="_3 blank"> </span>qua<span class="_3 blank"> </span>lqu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>er <span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>aterial<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>utilizado que <span class="_3 blank"> </span>vai<span class="_3 blank"> </span> i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ncorporado a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>produto <span class="_3 blank"> </span>fina<span class="_4 blank"></span>l. <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Por </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ybc ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">exem<span class="_4 blank"></span>plo, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>aço é matéria prim<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> para p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>roduz<span class="_4 blank"></span>ir<span class="_3 blank"> </span> um<span class="_4 blank"></span> autom<span class="_4 blank"></span>óvel<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. <span class="_8 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ybd ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Os <span class="_8 blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws2">insumos<span class="_3 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>são <span class="_8 blank"> </span>outros <span class="_3 blank"> </span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tens <span class="_8 blank"> </span>utilizados <span class="_3 blank"> </span>na <span class="_8 blank"> </span>atividade <span class="_3 blank"> </span>pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>odutiva <span class="_3 blank"> </span>qu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>não <span class="_8 blank"> </span>fazem<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>parte <span class="_8 blank"> </span>do<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ybe ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">produto<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cabado <span class="_10 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_10 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_10 blank"> </span>serviço <span class="_10 blank"> </span>prestado. <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Exem<span class="_c blank"></span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>lo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_10 blank"> </span>seri<span class="_3 blank"> </span>am <span class="_7 blank"> </span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ten<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_10 blank"> </span>como <span class="_7 blank"> </span>á<span class="_3 blank"> </span>gua, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nerg<span class="_4 blank"></span>ia </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ybf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">elé<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tr<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ca, ó<span class="_c blank"></span>l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>eo lubr<span class="_4 blank"></span>ificante. <span class="_14 blank"> </span>A <span class="_18 blank"> </span>lavan<span class="_3 blank"> </span>der<span class="_4 blank"></span>ia for<span class="_4 blank"></span>nece <span class="_18 blank"> </span>a <span class="_14 blank"> </span>roupa <span class="_14 blank"> </span>lavada <span class="_18 blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ntro <span class="_18 blank"> </span>de um<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>sac<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yc0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">plá<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stico e no c<span class="_4 blank"></span>abide, dois in<span class="_3 blank"> </span>sum<span class="_4 blank"></span>os. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yc1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Os <span class="ff8 ws1c">equ ipamentos</span> são as m<span class="_4 blank"></span>áqui<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nas ut<span class="_4 blank"></span>ili<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zadas para se fabricar o produto ou re<span class="_4 blank"></span>aliza<span class="_8 blank"> </span>r <span class="ls6 ws1">um</span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yc2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">servi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ço. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Por <span class="_10 blank"> </span>exem<span class="_c blank"></span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>lo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>u<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ma <span class="_7 blank"> </span>pren<span class="_3 blank"> </span>sa <span class="_7 blank"> </span>tr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ansfor<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ma <span class="_7 blank"> </span>chapa <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>aço <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>peças <span class="_10 blank"> </span>auto<span class="_3 blank"> </span>motivas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yc3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">um<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>máquina de lavar industrial realiza o serviço de <span class="_4 blank"></span>la<span class="_3 blank"> </span>var roupa. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yc4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls11 ws3">A <span class="_1b blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ls5 ws2">energia</span><span class="ls5">, <span class="_12 blank"> </span>na<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>ve<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rdad<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e, <span class="_12 blank"> </span>é <span class="_1b blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_1b blank"> </span>insumo <span class="_1b blank"> </span>mas <span class="_1b blank"> </span>tão <span class="_1b blank"> </span>importante <span class="_1b blank"> </span>q<span class="_4 blank"></span>ue <span class="_12 blank"> </span>é<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>r<span class="_3 blank"> </span>epresentada<span class="_4 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yc5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">separadam<span class="_4 blank"></span>ente <span class="_19 blank"> </span>no <span class="_1d blank"> </span>sistema <span class="_1a blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rodutivo. <span class="_19 blank"> </span>Saliente<span class="_8 blank"> </span>-se <span class="_1a blank"> </span>q<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ue <span class="_19 blank"> </span>pode <span class="_19 blank"> </span>ser <span class="_19 blank"> </span>qualquer <span class="_19 blank"> </span>tipo <span class="_19 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yc6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">energia: <span class="_18 blank"> </span>elétrica, <span class="_18 blank"> </span>carvão, <span class="_16 blank"> </span>óleo <span class="_18 blank"> </span>com<span class="_c blank"></span>b<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ustível<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_18 blank"> </span>ou<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tras <span class="_16 blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nerg<span class="_4 blank"></span>ias <span class="_18 blank"> </span>alternat<span class="_4 blank"></span>iva<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_18 blank"> </span>que <span class="_16 blank"> </span>hoje </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yc7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">estão <span class="_19 blank"> </span>sendo <span class="_1a blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>esquisadas. <span class="_19 blank"> </span>A <span class="_19 blank"> </span>energia <span class="_1a blank"> </span>pod<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_19 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>ove<span class="_3 blank"> </span>r <span class="_19 blank"> </span>as <span class="_19 blank"> </span>máquinas <span class="_1d blank"> </span>para<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_19 blank"> </span>atuarem<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_19 blank"> </span>no<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yc8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">siste<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a <span class="_1a blank"> </span>pro<span class="_3 blank"> </span>duti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>vo com<span class="_4 blank"></span>o <span class="_15 blank"> </span>o<span class="_8 blank"> </span> ca<span class="_3 blank"> </span>so <span class="_15 blank"> </span>da<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ensa <span class="_1a blank"> </span>ou <span class="_1a blank"> </span>então <span class="_1a blank"> </span>estar <span class="_1a blank"> </span>inti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mente l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>igad<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_15 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yc9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">processo em<span class="_c blank"></span> si, com<span class="_4 blank"></span>o nos <span class="_14 blank"> </span>processos <span class="_14 blank"> </span>quím<span class="_c blank"></span>icos: <span class="_15 blank"> </span>minério de f<span class="_c blank"></span>er<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ro <span class="_14 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>ai<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s carvão sã<span class="_4 blank"></span>o </div><a class="l" href="#pf9" data-dest-detail='[9,"XYZ",82,550,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:224.380000px;bottom:486.290000px;width:48.690000px;height:20.700000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e6cfe4e0-3e57-4e8e-8572-80c0f8b0e6fc/bga.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> <span class="_0 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws1">10<span class="ls5 ws3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">m<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stur<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ados <span class="_3 blank"> </span>no alto<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>forno<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>na produção do<span class="_3 blank"> </span> a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ço e o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>carvão tem a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>funç<span class="_8 blank"> </span>ã<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>energét<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ca <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ne<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ss<span class="_4 blank"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y1f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">processo. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y20 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Mão <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span>bra<span class="ff1"> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>é <span class="_10 blank"> </span>toda <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>equipe <span class="_7 blank"> </span>que<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>form<span class="_4 blank"></span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>os <span class="_10 blank"> </span>recu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rsos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>hum<span class="_c blank"></span>anos. <span class="_10 blank"> </span>São <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_7 blank"> </span>r<span class="_3 blank"> </span>esponsáveis </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">pel<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a realizaç<span class="_4 blank"></span>ão de todas as tarefas dentro da <span class="_c blank"></span>or<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ganização.<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Vale <span class="_1b blank"> </span>lembrar <span class="_1c blank"> </span>que <span class="_1c blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws2">dado</span> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>é <span class="_1c blank"> </span>o <span class="_1b blank"> </span>registro <span class="_1b blank"> </span>de <span class="_1c blank"> </span>qualquer <span class="_1b blank"> </span>evento <span class="_1c blank"> </span>que <span class="_1b blank"> </span>ocorre <span class="_1c blank"> </span>em<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>u<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ma </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">organização <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_3 blank"> </span>te<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span> i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>portân<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cia <span class="_3 blank"> </span>su<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ficiente para <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ser <span class="_3 blank"> </span>regi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>strado <span class="_8 blank"> </span>[COL1998]<span class="ls0">. </span><span class="ff8 ws1d">Informação </span><span class="ls14"> <span class="ls15">é </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y67 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">a <span class="_f blank"> </span>organização<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>dos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>dad<span class="_3 blank"> </span>os <span class="_f blank"> </span>que <span class="_f blank"> </span>possuem<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>gni<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ficado <span class="_f blank"> </span>em<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>um <span class="_10 blank"> </span>con<span class="_3 blank"> </span>te<span class="_3 blank"> </span>xto. <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Dessa<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>for<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>a, <span class="_f blank"> </span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">valor de medida d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a tem<span class="_4 blank"></span>peratur<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a de um processo pode se<span class="_3 blank"> </span>r um dado e, quando e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ntra e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y69 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">um<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>sistema <span class="_16 blank"> </span>que <span class="_16 blank"> </span>vai <span class="_16 blank"> </span>fa<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zer <span class="_16 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_16 blank"> </span>contro<span class="_4 blank"></span>le <span class="_16 blank"> </span>da <span class="_16 blank"> </span>tem<span class="_c blank"></span>peratur<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a, <span class="_16 blank"> </span>é <span class="_16 blank"> </span>um<span class="_4 blank"></span>a <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ws1e">informação</span><span class="ls0">. <span class="_18 blank"> </span></span>De <span class="_16 blank"> </span>um<span class="_4 blank"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y81 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">form<span class="_4 blank"></span>a <span class="_23 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>ai<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_1c blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mpla, <span class="_1c blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_1c blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws1f">info rmações</span> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>para <span class="_1b blank"> </span>u<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>sistema <span class="_1b blank"> </span>pro<span class="_3 blank"> </span>duti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>vo <span class="_1c blank"> </span>são <span class="_1c blank"> </span>os <span class="_1c blank"> </span>dados </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y50 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">contextualizados <span class="_14 blank"> </span>referent<span class="_4 blank"></span>es <span class="_18 blank"> </span>à ope<span class="_4 blank"></span>ração, <span class="_18 blank"> </span>tais <span class="_18 blank"> </span>como <span class="_18 blank"> </span>quanti<span class="_3 blank"> </span>dade<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>de <span class="_18 blank"> </span>ite<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ns <span class="_18 blank"> </span>produzidos, </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y82 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">valores m<span class="_c blank"></span>edi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>dos e <span class="_14 blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span> conjunto de <span class="_14 blank"> </span>regras <span class="_18 blank"> </span>e procedim<span class="_3 blank"> </span>entos que d<span class="_4 blank"></span>efinem<span class="_4 blank"></span> com<span class="_4 blank"></span>o as </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y83 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">tarefas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>devem<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ser<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>r<span class="_3 blank"> </span>eali<span class="_3 blank"> </span>zadas, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>para <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>finalida<span class="_c blank"></span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>orientação <span class="_3 blank"> </span>das <span class="_8 blank"> </span>atividades <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>controle </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yca ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">e <span class="_18 blank"> </span>gerenciamento. <span class="_18 blank"> </span>A <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ws20">informação</span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>pod<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_18 blank"> </span>ser <span class="_16 blank"> </span>vista <span class="_18 blank"> </span>sob <span class="_18 blank"> </span>dois <span class="_18 blank"> </span>aspectos: <span class="_18 blank"> </span>organ<span class="_4 blank"></span>izaçã<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_16 blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ycb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">produção <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_3 blank"> </span>controle <span class="_3 blank"> </span>da pro<span class="_3 blank"> </span>dução. Na <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ff6">o<span class="_4 blank"></span>rganização d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>produção<span class="ff1"> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>tra<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ta da <span class="_3 blank"> </span>form<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>co<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>qu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ycc ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">o <span class="_f blank"> </span>si<span class="_3 blank"> </span>stema <span class="_f blank"> </span>produ<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tivo<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>está<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>organizado<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>e <span class="_13 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_f blank"> </span>pr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ocedim<span class="_4 blank"></span>entos <span class="_13 blank"> </span>que <span class="_13 blank"> </span>defi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nem <span class="_f blank"> </span>as <span class="_13 blank"> </span>tarefas <span class="_13 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ycd ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">serem<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>esenvol<span class="_3 blank"> </span>vidas. <span class="_1c blank"> </span>No <span class="_20 blank"> </span><span class="ff6">controle <span class="_1c blank"> </span>da <span class="_1c blank"> </span>produção<span class="_3 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_23 blank"> </span>trata <span class="_1c blank"> </span>das <span class="_1c blank"> </span>inform<span class="_4 blank"></span>ações <span class="_23 blank"> </span>sobre<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yce ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">andam<span class="_4 blank"></span>ento da<span class="_3 blank"> </span> produção em<span class="_4 blank"></span> si<span class="_3 blank"> </span> com<span class="_4 blank"></span>o quantidades, defeitos e resultado de m<span class="_c blank"></span>ed<span class="_3 blank"> </span>id<span class="_3 blank"> </span>as.<span class="_8 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ycf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">O <span class="_10 blank"> </span><span class="ff8 ws2">capital</span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>é <span class="_10 blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>conjunto <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>re<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cursos<span class="_4 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>finan<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ceir<span class="_c blank"></span>o<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ap<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ortado <span class="_7 blank"> </span>na <span class="_7 blank"> </span>organização <span class="_7 blank"> </span>para <span class="_7 blank"> </span>qu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ela </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yd0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">possa realizar suas atividades<span class="_3 blank"> </span>, inc<span class="_4 blank"></span>luind<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o a aq<span class="_4 blank"></span>ui<span class="_3 blank"> </span>sição dos itens anteriores. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yd1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yd2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">Toda prod<span class="_4 blank"></span>ução, <span class="_14 blank"> </span>a<span class="_4 blank"></span>lém <span class="_14 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_14 blank"> </span>produtos em<span class="_c blank"></span> si, <span class="_18 blank"> </span>ta<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>b<span class="_3 blank"> </span>é<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> gera <span class="_1a blank"> </span><span class="ff2">d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ejetos <span class="_14 blank"> </span>indu<span class="_4 blank"></span>striais<span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff1">. <span class="_18 blank"> </span>T<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ais </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yd3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">dejetos são <span class="_3 blank"> </span>n<span class="_3 blank"> </span>orm<span class="_4 blank"></span>al<span class="_3 blank"> </span>mente fonte<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de poluição<span class="_3 blank"> </span>, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>principa<span class="_4 blank"></span>lmente qu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ando o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>volume pro<span class="_3 blank"> </span>duzido </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yd4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">é <span class="_10 blank"> </span>alto. <span class="_f blank"> </span>Particularm<span class="_c blank"></span>ente <span class="_f blank"> </span>nos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>dias <span class="_10 blank"> </span>d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_10 blank"> </span>hoj<span class="_4 blank"></span>e <span class="_10 blank"> </span>os <span class="_f blank"> </span>dej<span class="_4 blank"></span>etos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>sã<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_10 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_10 blank"> </span>fonte <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>preocupação <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yd5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">objeto de pesquisa para sua elim<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>naçã<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o ou, p<span class="_4 blank"></span>el<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o m<span class="_4 blank"></span>enos<span class="_8 blank"> </span>, sua m<span class="_4 blank"></span>in<span class="_3 blank"> </span>imização. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yd6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">A for<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>ai<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s ad<span class="_3 blank"> </span>equada de tratar o<span class="_8 blank"> </span>s dejetos é transfor<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>á<span class="_3 blank"> </span>-l<span class="_3 blank"> </span>os e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ws2">sub-prod<span class="_3 blank"> </span>utos</span>. <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Ass<span class="_4 blank"></span>im, </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yd7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">por <span class="_10 blank"> </span>exem<span class="_4 blank"></span>plo<span class="_3 blank"> </span>, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>n<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>rodução<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>aço<span class="_3 blank"> </span>, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>h<span class="_3 blank"> </span>á <span class="_10 blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>s<span class="_3 blank"> </span>érie <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>sub<span class="_8 blank"> </span>-produtos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>com<span class="_4 blank"></span>o <span class="_10 blank"> </span>fenol<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e <span class="_10 blank"> </span>tol<span class="_3 blank"> </span>uol </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yd8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">provenientes <span class="_7 blank"> </span>do <span class="_7 blank"> </span>trata<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_3 blank"> </span>nto <span class="_7 blank"> </span>do <span class="_7 blank"> </span>carvão<span class="_3 blank"> </span>, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>gás <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>aciaria, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>gás <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>al<span class="_3 blank"> </span>to<span class="_8 blank"> </span>-forno <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>outros <span class="_7 blank"> </span>sub-</div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yd9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">produto<span class="_3 blank"> </span>s <span class="_15 blank"> </span>para <span class="_1a blank"> </span>a <span class="_15 blank"> </span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ndústria <span class="_1a blank"> </span>de <span class="_1a blank"> </span>fertiliza<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ntes e <span class="_1a blank"> </span>cimento. <span class="_15 blank"> </span>Isso <span class="_19 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>ini<span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_4 blank"></span>iza<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1a blank"> </span>pol<span class="_3 blank"> </span>uição <span class="_1a blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yda ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">ind<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ústr<span class="_4 blank"></span>ia e<span class="_3 blank"> </span> poss<span class="_c blank"></span>i<span class="_3 blank"> </span>bilita renda adicional. </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ydb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ydc ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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