Funções Semânticas e Funções Sintáticas

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1 Marcar para revisão
Read the text bellow:
"In 2020 it became the first such game to be approved by the US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) for use in the treatment of ADHD in children.
Currently only available on prescription from doctors in the US, EndeavorRx at first glance
looks very similar to countless other games. You control a little alien that races on a
spaceship through different worlds having to collect things.
But the app-based game was developed in conjunction with neuroscientists, and is
designed to stimulate and improve areas of the brain that play a key role in attention
function.
The idea is that it trains a child with ADHD to both better multitask and ignore distractions,
with a computer algorithm measuring his or her performance and customising the difficulty
A
B
of the game in real time.
When doctors prescribe it, the child's parents get sent an activation link that is needed
before the game will play.
Kelcey says she was "a little sceptical", but at the end of 2020 Owain started a three-month
programme, playing the game for 25 minutes a day. He then did another round last year.
"He admitted it was a little harder than he expected," she says. "But he understood that he
was doing it to help improve his focus. He remained super motivated despite the difficulties
and frustrations that came along with it."
After each of Owain's sessions she noted his daily behaviour in the app, and tracked his
progress.
Soon she started to see small, positive changes in his behaviour. For example, getting ready
for school had become smoother, and there were no negative messages from teachers.
And after failing fifth grade, Owain subsequently shot up to getting As and Bs for his work.
"It has been amazing to see my son so successful, but more so, seeing him have
confidence in himself," Kelcey says. "He is no longer upset and confused about why he just
does not get it."
Eddie Martucci, chief executive of Akili, the Boston-based tech firm behind EndeavorRx,
says the game has been designed to boost cognitive progressing."
Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-62060542.
Verbs may establish dynamic or static relations with the other elements that are part of the
sentence. Bearing this in mind, choose the sentence that is [-dynamic]:
"You control a little alien that races on a spaceship".
"It trains a child with ADHD to both better multitask and ignore distractions".
C
D
E
"When doctors prescribe it".
"At the end of 2020 Owain started a three-month programme".
"And there were no negative messages from teachers".
Resposta incorreta
Opa! A alternativa correta é a letra E. Confira o gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
The feature of dynamicity implies that the verbs are related to happenings, events,
movement, actions, etc. The verbs to control, to train, to prescribe and to start are of
this type. However, the verbal form "there is" is related to states, which means that it is
the only [-dynamic] verb.
2 Marcar para revisão
Read the excerpt bellow:
"Before Abe returned to power in 2012, Japan had just suffered its biggest trauma since
World War Two - a massive earthquake, tsunami and nuclear meltdown at Fukushima.
A
B
C
The governing coalition was in chaos. The Japanese economy had still not recovered from
its 1992 stock market collapse, and over the previous two decades, Japan had seen 14
prime ministers come and go. One of them lasted just 64 days.
Abe swept back into office with a real sense of energy, and most importantly, an economic
plan that he conveniently dubbed "Abenomics".
He declared "Japan is back". He announced a "big bazooka" of cash that would flood the
financial markets with liquidity and force prices upwards even as interest rates were
dropped below zero.
As prices rose, and with nowhere to put their cash, people were compelled to spend,
creating growth, and pushing up wages."
Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62119498.
According to their semantic functions, a subject may perform the roles of agent, patient,
experiencer, instrumental, causative, objective and even locative. The subject in the
sentence "The governing coalition was in chaos" plays the role of:
agent.
patient.
causative.
D
E
instrumental.
locative.
Resposta correta
Parabéns, você selecionou a alternativa correta. Confira o gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
The subject "The govern coalition" suffers the action of being in chaos. It does not do
anything. Therefore, it is in the position of a patient. It is the subject of a process or
state verb. Its features are [-cause], [-volition], [-manipulation], [-activity] and
[+passiveness].
3 Marcar para revisão
Read the excerpt bellow:
"A new study published in the journal Science shows definitive evidence of organic matter
on the surface of Mars. The data was collected by NASA's nuclear-powered rover Curiosity.
It confirms earlier findings that the Red Planet once contained carbon-based compounds.
These compounds - also called organic molecules - are essential ingredients for life as
scientists understand it.
A
B
C
The organic molecules were found in Mars's Gale Crater, a large area that may have been a
watery lake over three billion years ago. The rover encountered traces of the molecule in
rocks extracted from the area. The rocks also contain sulfur, which scientists speculate
helped preserve the organics even when the rocks were exposed to the harsh radiation on
the surface of the planet.
Scientists are quick to state that the presence of these organic molecules is not sufficient
evidence for ancient life on Mars, as the molecules could have been formed by non-living
processes. But it's still one of the most astonishing discoveries, which could lead to future
revelations. Especially when one considers the other startling find that Curiosity uncovered
around five years ago."
Retrieved from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/life-on-
mars.
The semantic nature of the subject is related to the verb concerning its dynamic or
nondynamic feature. The subject of the sentence "The data was collected by NASA's
nuclear-powered rover Curiosity" presents the following features:
[-passiveness]/[+volition].
[+passiveness]/[-volition].
[+passiveness]/[+activity].
D
E
[+volition]/[+activity].
[-passiveness]/[+activity].
Resposta correta
Parabéns, você selecionou a alternativa correta. Confira o gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
The subject "The data" presents the features [+passiveness], which means that it is a
patient, it suffers the action; [-volition], which implies non-intentionality; and [-activity],
which means that it does not practices anything.
4 Marcar para revisão
Read the excerpt bellow:
"The Catholic Church was shocked last month when an ornate golden artefact said to
contain drops of Jesus's blood was stolen shortly before an annual celebration in northern
France.
For 1,000 years, pilgrims have headed to Fécamp abbey in Normandy to worship the
"Precious Blood of Christ" relics.
Six weeks later, a Dutch art sleuth has described how the relics were handed over to him in
an elaborate operation.
A
B
C
D
E
Arthur Brand says he will now give them to police to return them to the abbey.
"Seven to eight per cent of stolen art is returned and much of it is destroyed. In this case, I
think the thief had no idea what it was," he told the BBC.
The relics were stolen late at night on 1 June from the sacristy at Fécamp, north-east of the
port of Le Havre. The thief is believed to have been locked in the building overnight and
there was little security at the time".
Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62092195.
According to their semantic functions, a subject may perform the roles of agent, patient,experiencer, instrumental, causative, objective and even locative. Choose the option that
shows the function and a feature of the element underlined in the sentence "The relics
were stolen late at night on 1 June from the sacristy at Fécamp".
Patient - [-volition].
Patient - [+cause].
Instrumental - [-volition].
Experiencer - [+animacy].
Experiencer - [-animacy].
Resposta incorreta
Opa! A alternativa correta é a letra A. Confira o gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
The verbal form "were stolen" means that the subject "the relics" suffered an action.
Therefore, it is a patient. In addition, it has the feature of [-volition] because there is no
intention of the subject to be stolen.
5 Marcar para revisão
Read the excerpt bellow:
"Before Abe returned to power in 2012, Japan had just suffered its biggest trauma since
World War Two - a massive earthquake, tsunami and nuclear meltdown at Fukushima.
The governing coalition was in chaos. The Japanese economy had still not recovered from
its 1992 stock market collapse, and over the previous two decades, Japan had seen 14
prime ministers come and go. One of them lasted just 64 days.
Abe swept back into office with a real sense of energy, and most importantly, an economic
plan that he conveniently dubbed "Abenomics".
He declared "Japan is back". He announced a "big bazooka" of cash that would flood the
financial markets with liquidity and force prices upwards even as interest rates were
dropped below zero.
As prices rose, and with nowhere to put their cash, people were compelled to spend,
creating growth, and pushing up wages."
Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62119498.
According to their semantic functions, a subject may perform the roles of agent, patient,
experiencer, instrumental, causative, objective and even locative. The element undelined in
A
B
C
D
E
the sentence "He declared "Japan is back" plays the role of:
agent.
patient.
causative.
instrumental.
locative.
Resposta correta
Parabéns, você selecionou a alternativa correta. Confira o gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
The subject "he"  is doing something ¿ declaring something. Declaring is an action.
Therefore, this subject is an agent. This type of verb presents features like [+cause],
[+volition], [+animacy], [+activity], [+control] and [-passiveness].
6 Marcar para revisão
Read the excerpt below:
"An American or British person might be looking their client in the eye to show that they are
paying full attention to what is being said, but if that client is from Japan or Korea, they
might find the direct eye contact awkward or even disrespectful. In parts of South America
and Africa, prolonged eye contact could also be seen as challenging authority. In the
Middle East, eye contact across genders is considered inappropriate, although eye contact
within a gender could signify honesty and truthfulness.
Having an increased awareness of the possible differences in expectations and behaviour
can help us avoid cases of miscommunication, but it is vital that we also remember that
cultural stereotypes can be detrimental to building good business relationships. Although
national cultures could play a part in shaping the way we behave and think, we are also
largely influenced by the region we come from, the communities we associate with, our age
and gender, our corporate culture and our individual experiences of the world. The
knowledge of the potential differences should therefore be something we keep at the back
of our minds, rather than something that we use to pigeonhole the individuals of an entire
nation."
Retrieved from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/cultural-
behaviour-in-business.
Verbs establish dynamic or static relations with the other elements of the sentence. There
are two major types of sentences: dynamic and stative. Dynamic sentences may be further
divided into three categories: active, processive and active-processive. The sentence "An
American or British person might be looking their client in the eye" exemplifies the following
category:
Questão 6 de 10
Lista de exercícios Funções Semânticas e Funções Sintáticas Sair
A
B
C
D
E
active.
active-processive.
processive.
stative.
nondynamic.
Resposta incorreta
Opa! A alternativa correta é a letra A. Confira o gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
In this sentence, the verb "look" implies an action with an intention of someone to look
something. Therefore, it is an active sentence. Active sentences are composed of
action verbs. Consequently, they require a subject that does something. Therefore,
since the subject does something in the sentence, it exemplifies an active sentence.
Questão 6 de 10
Corretas (6)
Incorretas (4)
Em branco (0)
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
A
B
7 Marcar para revisão
Read the excerpt below:
"When you picture mountain climbers scaling Mount Everest, what probably comes to mind
are teams of climbers with Sherpa guides leading them to the summit, equipped with
oxygen masks, supplies and tents. And in most cases you'd be right, as 97 per cent of
climbers use oxygen to ascend to Everest's summit at 8,850 metres above sea level. The
thin air at high altitudes makes most people breathless at 3,500 metres, and the vast
majority of climbers use oxygen past 7,000 metres. A typical climbing group will have 8-15
people in it, with an almost equal number of guides, and they'll spend weeks to get to the
top after reaching Base Camp. But ultra-distance and mountain runner Kilian Jornet
Burgada ascended the mountain in May 2017 alone, without an oxygen mask or fixed ropes
for climbing. Oh, and he did it in 26 hours. With food poisoning. And then, five days later, he
did it again, this time in only 17 hours."
Retrieved from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/a-
biography-of-kilian-jornet.
A sentence is composed of two elements: a subject and a predicate. Bearing this in mind,
what is the subject in the sentence "But ultra-distance and mountain runner Kilian Jornet
Burgada ascended the mountain in May 2017 alone, without an oxygen mask or fixed ropes
for climbing"?
Ultra-distance.
Ultra-distance and mountain runner.
C
D
E
Ultra-distance and mountain runner Kilian Jornet Burgada.
Ascended.
The mountain.
Resposta correta
Parabéns, você selecionou a alternativa correta. Confira o gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
An easy way to identify the subject of a sentence is through asking the verb "who/what
did/made/is this?". In this case, if we ask the verb "who ascended the mountain in May
2017 alone?", the answer is "ultra-distance and mountain runner Kilian Jornet
Burgada". Therefore, it is the right answer. The other options are not appropriate
answers for the question.
8 Marcar para revisão
Read the excerpt bellow:
"A new study published in the journal Science shows definitive evidence of organic matter
on the surface of Mars. The data was collected by NASA's nuclear-powered rover Curiosity.
A
B
C
It confirms earlier findings that the Red Planet once contained carbon-based compounds.
These compounds - also called organic molecules - are essential ingredients for life as
scientists understand it.
The organic molecules were found in Mars's Gale Crater, a large area that may have been a
watery lake over three billion years ago. The rover encountered traces of the molecule in
rocks extracted from the area. The rocks also contain sulfur, which scientists speculate
helped preserve the organics even when the rocks were exposed to the harsh radiation on
the surface of the planet.
Scientists are quick to state that the presence of these organic molecules is not sufficient
evidence for ancient life on Mars, as the molecules could have been formed by non-living
processes. But it's still one of the most astonishing discoveries, which could lead to future
revelations. Especially when one considers the otherstartling find that Curiosity uncovered
around five years ago."
Retrieved from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/life-on-
mars.
There are some semantic features that govern the functions of the subject. The element
underlined in the sentence "Scientists speculate (sulfur) helped preserve the
organics" presents the features:
[+animacy]/[+passiveness].
[+animacy]/[-passiveness].
[-animacy]/[+passiveness].
D
E
[-animacy]/[+manipulation].
[+manipulation]/[+passiveness].
Resposta incorreta
Opa! A alternativa correta é a letra B. Confira o gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
The element in bold presents the features [+manipulation], which means that it has the
choice to start the action; [+animacy], which means that it has life; [-passiveness],
which means that the subject is not a patient, but does something. Therefore, the only
correct option is: [+animacy]/[-passiveness].
9 Marcar para revisão
Read the excerpt below:
"An American or British person might be looking their client in the eye to show that they are
paying full attention to what is being said, but if that client is from Japan or Korea, they
might find the direct eye contact awkward or even disrespectful. In parts of South America
and Africa, prolonged eye contact could also be seen as challenging authority. In the
Middle East, eye contact across genders is considered inappropriate, although eye contact
within a gender could signify honesty and truthfulness.
A
B
C
Having an increased awareness of the possible differences in expectations and behaviour
can help us avoid cases of miscommunication, but it is vital that we also remember that
cultural stereotypes can be detrimental to building good business relationships. Although
national cultures could play a part in shaping the way we behave and think, we are also
largely influenced by the region we come from, the communities we associate with, our age
and gender, our corporate culture and our individual experiences of the world. The
knowledge of the potential differences should therefore be something we keep at the back
of our minds, rather than something that we use to pigeonhole the individuals of an entire
nation."
Retrieved from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/cultural-
behaviour-in-business.
There are two major types of sentences: dynamic and stative. Dynamic sentences may be
further divided into three categories: active, processive and active-processive. The
sentence "cultural stereotypes can be detrimental to building good business
relationships" is:
active.
active-processive.
processive.
D
E
stative.
dynamic.
Resposta correta
Parabéns, você selecionou a alternativa correta. Confira o gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
In this sentence, the subject "cultural stereotypes" is in a specific state. Moreover, it is
constructed by a state verb (be), which means that it is a stative sentence. Stative
sentences are constructed by less dynamic verbs, or state verbs, which do not imply
actions or events. In this type of sentence, the subject is in a state or condition, which
is specified by the state verb.
10 Marcar para revisão
Read the text bellow:
"In 2020 it became the first such game to be approved by the US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) for use in the treatment of ADHD in children.
Currently only available on prescription from doctors in the US, EndeavorRx at first glance
looks very similar to countless other games. You control a little alien that races on a
spaceship through different worlds having to collect things.
But the app-based game was developed in conjunction with neuroscientists, and is
designed to stimulate and improve areas of the brain that play a key role in attention
function.
The idea is that it trains a child with ADHD to both better multitask and ignore distractions,
with a computer algorithm measuring his or her performance and customising the difficulty
of the game in real time.
When doctors prescribe it, the child's parents get sent an activation link that is needed
before the game will play.
Kelcey says she was "a little sceptical", but at the end of 2020 Owain started a three-month
programme, playing the game for 25 minutes a day. He then did another round last year.
"He admitted it was a little harder than he expected," she says. "But he understood that he
was doing it to help improve his focus. He remained super motivated despite the difficulties
and frustrations that came along with it."
After each of Owain's sessions she noted his daily behaviour in the app, and tracked his
progress.
Soon she started to see small, positive changes in his behaviour. For example, getting ready
for school had become smoother, and there were no negative messages from teachers.
And after failing fifth grade, Owain subsequently shot up to getting As and Bs for his work.
"It has been amazing to see my son so successful, but more so, seeing him have
confidence in himself," Kelcey says. "He is no longer upset and confused about why he just
does not get it."
Eddie Martucci, chief executive of Akili, the Boston-based tech firm behind EndeavorRx,
says the game has been designed to boost cognitive progressing."
Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-62060542.
Verbs may establish dynamic or static relations with the other elements that are part of the
sentence. Dynamic sentences may be even further categorized into: active, processive and
active-processive. The sentence "In 2020 it became the first such game to be approved by
the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the treatment of ADHD in children" is:
A
B
C
D
E
active.
active-processive.
processive.
stative.
dynamic.
Resposta correta
Parabéns, você selecionou a alternativa correta. Confira o gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
In this sentence, the subject "it (the game)" is in a specific condition. Moreover, it is
constructed by a state verb (to become), which means that it is a stative sentence.
Stative sentences are constructed by less dynamic verbs, or state verbs, which do not
imply actions or events. In this type of sentence, the subject is in a state or condition,
which is specified by the state verb.