Apresentação sobre a Polônia em Inglês

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POLAND
Colégio Piracicabano
Ensino Médio/High School
 
Students: Mariana Santos Camargo & Marília Rosato
Advanced – English as a Modern Language – 2nd Trimester
Teacher Pedro E. Brandão
 
Poland
Capital: Warsaw
Population: 38,2 million
Currency: PLN (1 Euro = 4,19 PLN)
Economic growth (QI 2013): 0,5%
Inflation (May 2013): 0,5%
Unemployment (April 2013): 14%
Member of: 
EU
NATO
UN
The topics covered
Geographic region and environment
Natural resources
A brief historical and political recovery History/Politics
The ethnic structure
Polish communities abroad People
Personalities
The education structure Education
Literature
Music
Film 
Other cultural aspects
Religion
The official and non-official languages
The health care in Poland Health
A polish woman talking about the polish people!
A nationalist poem taught to children
Culture
 Natural features
Natural features
Geographical regions
Central part of the European continent
Total surface area : 322,500 sq km
9th largest country in Europe
The six biggest cities are Warsaw, Lodz, Krakow, Wroclaw, Poznan, and Gdansk
Environment
Areas of outstanding natural value  e.g.: Bieszczady Mountains and the flood plains along the Biebrza River
Conifers, the European bison, brown bears, white-tailed and golden eagles
Levels of air pollution in the Polish capital of Warsaw have reached levels that are considered unhealthy 
Natural resources
Among the world's biggest producers of hard and brown coal, copper, zinc, lead, sulphur, rock salt, construction minerals, natural gas and oil
A brief historical and political recovery
 
17th century - partitions by Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia 
Poland disappeared from the maps for 123 years
At the turn of 19th century:
Napoleon helped the Poles Legions to raise their own army, after defeating Austria and Prussia, creating the Duchy of Warsaw (map). 
A brief historical and political recovery
Invasion of Russia (1811-1812) and Napoleon’s downfall
The Duchy of Warsaw was replaced by a Kingdom of Poland attached to Russia 
Remaining lands were put under Prussian rule
The Free City of Kraków, "supervised" by the 3 partitioning powers
 1st War Poland Legions divided: against Russia or Germany?
 Treaty of Versailles: sanctioned Poland's independence / Poland was granted access to the Baltic Sea
A brief historical and political recovery
A brief historical and political recovery
Second Polish Republic (1918-1939)
In the beginning… 
Agricultural reform / national administrative bodies created(Legislative Sejm) and educational system
Polish-Soviet War in 1920-21 finished with a treaty of peace
Internal revolts against the government = first President was assassinated (1921)
 "Government of the colonels" (1926- 1935) = "sanify” the weak country 
Economic stability, but also meant a shift from democracy to authoritarianism (same as the militarism period in Brazil) 
Poland divided to Germany and Russia
2nd World War
1 September 1939: Germany invaded Poland
17 September: the Soviet Union attacked from the east
Partition : part was annexed directly into Nazi Germany "das General-Gouvernement" / eastern territories remained under Soviet occupation according to German-Soviet Pact
 Systematic extermination of the Polish Population: 
-Germany: concentration camps, 3 million Polish citizens of Jewish ethnicity, and over 2 million non-Jewish Poles. 
-Soviet: camps filled up, 21 thousand officers, officials and intellectuals were executed on Stalin's orders
Relations with the Soviet Union broken off after the discovery of the Katyn massacre (execution by soviets of polish war prisoners), Neither Prime Minister or Commander-in-Chief managed to successfully put Poland's case to Churchill and Roosevelt, who left Poland under Soviet influence in exchange for the USSR's participation in the war against Nazi Germany.
Allied conferences in Tehran (1943) and Yalta (1945) decided the fate of Poland: the Republic's eastern territories were ceded to the USSR, after 10 years in the Pact of Warsaw (1955) all the territory was incorporated under Soviet Satellite States.
A brief historical and political recovery
People's Republic of Poland (1946 –1989) 
The Communist economy was highly inefficient real wages fell / supply of consumer goods dwindled The Church organizing widespread educational activities and addressing the most urgent social needs (speech of Pope – Solidarity) / More strikes and workers' protests followed 
The Round Table: Communist system to a democratic system (peacefully thanks to implement the ideas of glasnost and perestroika - political and economic openness to the outside world in URSS).
29/ December/1989 – 3rd Polish Republic
In the beginning….
Hyperinflation, huge foreign debt precluded investment	solution: economic plans 
Nowadays… 
 Respect for the law: 
	sovereignty of the People
	sovereignty and independence of the State, 
	a system of law (with the upholding)
	political pluralism and freedom of political parties, 
	separation of the three branches of power
	respect for human dignity and personal freedom
	protection of the natural environment in line with the principle of
	sustainable development
Democratic country: a multi-party republic with a two-chamber Parliament
Political parties: 
The Law and Justice Party (PiS) 
The Civic Platform (PO)
The Polish Peasants' Party (PSL)
The Democratic Left Alliance (SLD)
Solidarity
Speech of Pope –John Paul II was elected as pope of the Catholic Church
strengthened the Church and the dissidents in Poland
the speech about people’s right to religion and their rights to freedom encouraged people to intensify their efforts in fighting against the regime
Solidarity - an independent trade union organization, headed by Lech Wałęsa
 Edward Gierek was forced to resign, and replaced by Stanisław Kania and later, as of October 1981, Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski
events in the Catholic Church also prompted the atmosphere of freedom and change, and the rising courage of the working people.
“count on me”
The ethnic structure
Modern Poland is almost homogenous
The minorities account for about 3-4 percent of the population, which is equivalent to some 1.5 million people
The inter-war period (1918-1939)  11.3 million non-Polish citizens = 35% of the entire population
Due to the atrocities of the Second World War and the post-war policy of Poland's communist authorities.
Biggest minority  Germans
Polish communities abroad
14 to 17 million Poles are estimated to live abroad - mainly in the USA (6-10 million), Germany (about 1.5 million), Brasil (about 1 million), France (about 1 million) and Canada (about 600,000)
Immense number of Polish expatriates and declared to be of Polish descent (17 million, the equivalent of about 40% of Poland's current population)  due to complex historical processes which started in the late 18th century
Last great wave of emigration hit Poland after the WWII  when the country came to be governed by Moscow-backed Communists
Personalities
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)  renowned astronomer was the first in modern history to put forward a heliocentric theory of the Solar System
Pope John Paul II 
protection of human life from conception to natural death
repudiation of materialism in all of its modern guises
respect for human rights and working-men's rights
work for world peace
opposition to totalitarianism
new evangelism and a global evangelical renewal of the young
The education structure
Current low salaries and the lower social prestige of teaching positions do not attract the best talent to teach at elementary and high school levels. One of the objectives of educational reform in Poland is to eliminate poor performance by motivating teachers to work harder and improve
their qualifications. The reform proposes six categories of teachers, from intern teachers through teachers on contracts to professors. The present teacher salary system is based on the number of years of experience that a teacher has.
The reform project intends to increase salary differentials between teacher categories. Educational reforms aim to make schools more responsive to the needs of local communities. As a result, school financing will be changed. Elementary schools and junior high schools will be financed by local governments, high schools will be financed by provincial governments, and higher education will still remain within nation-wide budget expenditures. Presently, elementary and high school education is dominated by public schools. Private schools teach only 0.6% of students. The Ministry of Education aims to encourage the establishment of private schools.
Literature
18th century 
The writer spiritual and political leader, moral authority, lawmaker, and guide
Literature  the keeper of the national cultural identity 
19th century
the poets’ words became the highest good, law, truth, almost an epiphany
Literature became "the service and the mission"
20th century  Independence regained 
mutiny against those "duties".
Witold Gombrowicz  made this "Freedom from Polishness" the main theme of his innovative works
Polish literature during the Communist era
- Emigrant literature (Miłosz, Gombrowicz, Herling-Grudziński, Kołakowski)
- literature created within the country
After the fall of Communism in 1989  new tendencies appear
Music
Film
Other cultural aspects
Religion
The official and non-official languages
The health care in Poland
The profession of faith of the Polish little child
Who are you?
A Polish child.
What’s your emblem?
The eagle in white.
Where’s your home?
With my loved ones.
In what country?
on Polish lands.
What the land is?
My beloved home.
By what conquered?
By blood and scars.
Do you love Her?
With my heart and soul.
What do you trust in?
In Poland – as a whole.
What are you?
Her grateful kid.
What should you do for Her?
To lay down my life indeed.
Traditional Polish Folk Costume
Easter Eggs from Poland - Pisanki
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All Saint's Day Poland - Poland National Holiday - Day of the Dead
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Polish Dumplings 
Pierogi
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Mushroom Picking
A Seasonal Tradition
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Wooden Boxes - Poland Folk Art
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Wooden Folk Carving from Poland - Wooden Toys from Poland
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Poland's World Heritage Sites
http://0.tqn.com/d/goeasteurope/1/5/T/E/-/-/WoodenChurchLittlePolandDebno.jpg Wooden Church in Debno, Lesser Poland
 significant locations in Poland. Poland's medieval towns, natural landscapes, religious sites, and more say a great deal about events, individuals, ideas, and ways of life that shaped Poland.
Folk Music in Poland - Polish Traditional Music
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traditional folk music festivals  dances and folk costume