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27 KLVW��KLVWRULRJU���RXUR�SUHWR��Q������DJRVWR��������S������� Acadêmicos na berlinda ou como cada um escreve D� +LVWyULD"�� XPD� UHÀH[mR� VREUH� R� HPEDWH� HQWUH� KLVWRULDGRUHV�DFDGrPLFRV�H�QmR�DFDGrPLFRV�QR�%UDVLO� à luz dos debates sobre Public History* Scholars on the hot seat, or ‘how does each one write History?’: the clash between academic and non-academic historians in Brazil in the light of the debates on Public History Jurandir Malerba jurandir.malerba@pucrs.br Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Professor permanente Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 3, Sala 303 90619-900 - Porto Alegre - RS Brasil Resumo Indicadores diversos sugerem uma crescente demanda por história pelo público leigo nos últimos DQRV��GHPDQGD�TXH�YHP�VHQGR�VXSULGD�SRU�SUR¿VVLRQDLV�QmR�WUHLQDGRV�QD�DFDGHPLD��2V�REMHWLYRV� GHVWH�WH[WR�VmR�RV�GH�SHQVDU�R�SUySULR�FRQFHLWR�GH�KLVWyULD�S~EOLFD�H�VXD�DSOLFDELOLGDGH�QR�%UDVLO�� assim como analisar três autores leigos que se tornaram best-sellers como escritores de história QR�%UDVLO��1RVVR�DUJXPHQWR�p�R�GH�TXH�D�GLIXVmR�PDVVLYD�GHVVDV�REUDV�WHP�LPSOLFDo}HV�GH�RUGHP� WpFQLFD�H�pWLFD�GLDQWH�GDV�TXDLV�FDEH�DRV�KLVWRULDGRUHV�WUHLQDGRV�QR�VLVWHPD�GH�SyV�JUDGXDomR�VH� manifestar. Palavras-chave +LVWRULRJUD¿D�EUDVLOHLUD��+LVWyULD�S~EOLFD��7HRULD�GD�KLVWyULD� Abstract 'LϑHUHQW�LQGLFDWRUV�VXJJHVW�DQ�LQFUHDVLQJ�GHPDQG�IRU�KLVWRU\�E\�WKH�OD\�DXGLHQFH�LQ�WKH�UHFHQW� \HDUV�� D� GHPDQG� WKDW� KDV� EHHQ� VXSSOLHG� E\� DXWKRUV� ZLWKRXW� IRUPDO� DFDGHPLF� WUDLQLQJ�� 7KH� REMHFWLYHV�RI�WKLV�SDSHU�DUH�WR�WKLQN�WKH�FRQFHSW�RI�SXEOLF�KLVWRU\�DQG�LWV�DSSOLFDELOLW\�LQ�%UD]LO�� DQG�WR�DQDO\]H�WKH�FRQWULEXWLRQV�RI�WKUHH�OD\�DXWKRUV�ZKR�KDYH�EHFRPH�EHVW�VHOOHUV�DV�ZULWHUV�RI� KLVWRU\�LQ�%UD]LO��2XU�DUJXPHQW�LV�WKDW�WKH�PDVV�GLVVHPLQDWLRQ�RI�WKHVH�ZRUNV�KDV�LPSOLFDWLRQV� ERWK�IURP�D�WHFKQLFDO�DQG�HWKLFDO�VWDQGSRLQW��DQG�WKDW�LW�LV�D�WDVN�RI�XQLYHUVLW\�WUDLQHG�KLVWRULDQV� to have a position in regard to them. Keywords %UD]LOLDQ�+LVWRULRJUDSK\��3XEOLF�KLVWRU\��7KHRU\�RI�KLVWRU\� Recebido em: 12/9/2013 Aprovado em: 18/11/2013 * 7H[WR�PRGL¿FDGR�GD�FRPXQLFDomR�RULJLQDOPHQWH�DSUHVHQWDGD�QR�FRQJUHVVR�7KH�)XWXUH�RI�7KH�7KHRU\�DQG� 3KLORVRSK\�RI�+LVWRU\��RFRUULGR�QD�FLGDGH�GH�*DQWH��%pOJLFD��HQWUH�RV�GLDV����H����GH�MXOKR�GH�������3HOD� JHQHURVLGDGH�GDV�OHLWXUDV�HP�SULPHLUD�PmR��PLQKD�JUDWLGmR�DRV�FROHJDV�&DUORV�)LFR��3HGUR�&DOGDV�H�6pUJLR� 5LFDUGR�GD�0DWD��$JUDGHoR�DLQGD�D�%UXQR�/HDO��'DQLHO�%HFNHU�H�(GXDUGR�.DIHU�SHOR�DSRLR�QD�FROHWD�GH�GDGRV�� DVVLP� FRPR�D� FRQWULEXLomR� SUR¿VVLRQDO� GRV� FRQVXOWRUHV�ad hoc que avaliaram este texto para a presente SXEOLFDomR�HP�+LVWyULD�GD�+LVWRULRJUD¿D��(VWD�SHVTXLVD�IRL�GHVHQYROYLGD�FRP�EROVD�3URGXWLYLGDGH�GR�&13T� ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ 28 KLVW��KLVWRULRJU���RXUR�SUHWR��Q������DJRVWR��������S������� _________________________________________________________________________________-XUDQGLU�0DOHUED e� EDVWDQWH� VLQWRPiWLFR� TXH� D� GLVFXVVmR� DFDGrPLFD� VREUH�Public History QmR�WHQKD�MDPDLV�VLGR�GHVHQYROYLGD�QR�%UDVLO��FRPR�IRL�HP�RXWURV�SDtVHV��QmR� REVWDQWH�PXLWRV�SUR¿VVLRQDLV�EUDVLOHLURV�FRQIURQWDUHP�VH�GLDULDPHQWH�FRP�DV� TXHVW}HV�SUySULDV�GHVVH�ÀXLGR�VXEFDPSR�±� WHQKDP�RX�QmR�FRQVFLrQFLD�GLVVR� seus praticantes. 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'LVSRQtYHO�HP��KWWS���ZZZ�HGLRXUR�FRP�EU�VLWH�PDJD]LQHV�FRQWHQWBPDJD]LQH����$FHVVR�HP�����PDLR������ 6�(P�������R�MRUQDO�Estado de São Paulo anunciava o início das atividades da revista Nossa História��HQWmR� D�PDLV�LPSRUWDQWH�GR�SDtV��FRP�WLUDJHP�LQLFLDO�GH����PLO�H[HPSODUHV��'LVSRQtYHO�HP��KWWS���ZZZ�HVWDGDR� FRP�EU�DUTXLYR�DUWHHOD]HU������QRW��������S����KWP��$FHVVR�HP�����PDLR�������'R�¿P�GD�SDUFHULD�GD� )XQGDomR�%LEOLRWHFD�1DFLRQDO��)%15-��H�(GLWRUD�9HUD�&UX]�VXUJLX�D�Revista de História da Biblioteca Nacional. &I��5,%(,52��$025262������� 7 Como o Rockefeller’s colonial Williamsburg (um imenso parque temático na Virginia que possui até um spa, EDQFDGR�SHOD�)XQGDomR�-RKQ�'��5RFNHIHOOHU�-U��RX�D�+HQU\�)RUG¶V�*UHHQ¿HOG�9LOODJH��¿QDQFLDGD�SHOD�IXQGDomR� KRP{QLPD��HP�'HDUERUQ��0LFKLJDQ��1mR�WHPRV�QDGD�SDUHFLGR�QR�%UDVLO�FRP�HVVD�HQYHUJDGXUD�FRPHUFLDO� 30 KLVW��KLVWRULRJU���RXUR�SUHWR��Q������DJRVWR��������S������� _________________________________________________________________________________-XUDQGLU�0DOHUED �$PHULFDQ�/LIH�DQG�+LVWRU\��Mi�D�0LGGOH�7HQQHVVHH�6WDWH�8QLYHUVLW\��SUy[LPD�D� 1DVKYLOOH��PDQWpP�WDQWR�D�&RXQWU\�0XVLF�)RXQGDWLRQ�FRPR�D�IDPRVD�*UDFHODQG�� HP�0HPSKLV��(QWUH�RV�SRVWRV�GH�WUDEDOKR�FRQTXLVWDGRV�SRU�HVWXGDQWHV�IRUPDGRV� GHVWDFDP�VH�R�JLJDQWH�1DWLRQDO�3DUN�6HUYLFH��136��H�D�6PLWKVRQLDQ�,QVWLWXWLRQ�� D�86�6HQDWH�+LVWRULFDO�2ϒFH��DVVLP�FRPR�R�:HOOV�)DUJR�%DQN��R�*HQH�$XWU\� 0XVHXP�H�R�/RZHU�(DVW�6LGH�7HQHPHQW�0XVHXP��HP�1HZ�<RUN��1&3+������� 5,7&+,(� ������8� 1XP� SDtV� FRPR� R� QRVVR�� HP� TXH� R� 0LQLVWUR� GD� (GXFDomR� SHUJXQWD�³R�TXH�PXVHX�WHP�D�YHU�FRP�(GXFDomR" �´�WRUQD�VH�DWp�GLItFLO�FRQGX]LU� HVVD�GLVFXVVmR��.$=������� 1D�$XVWUiOLD��LQIRUPD�QRV�DLQGD�-LOO�/LGGLQJWRQ��D�KLVWyULD�DEULX�VH�DR�PHUFDGR� FRPR�HP�QHQKXP�RXWUR�OXJDU��2�MRUQDO�DFDGrPLFR�Australian Historical Studies anuncia com entusiasmo que os historiadores freelance atuam como verdadeiros PLFURHPSUHViULRV�� H� RV� QHJyFLRV� FUHVFHP� YHUWLJLQRVDPHQWH� �/,'',1*721� ������S�������-i�QD�,QJODWHUUD��D�Public History�IRL�SDXWDGD�SHOD�GLVFXVVmR�VREUH� ³KHUDQoD´�H�PHPyULD��$�GLVSXWD�GD�PHPyULD�S~EOLFD�DFRQWHFHX�HP�GRLV�SRORV��XP� FRP�IRUWH�DSHOR�j�WUDGLomR��FRQVHUYDGRU��SRU�DVVLP�GL]HU��H�RXWUR�SRSXODU��grass roots��SURSRVWR�SHOR�KLVWRULDGRU�VRFLDOLVWD�5DSKDHO�6DPPXHO��/,'',1*721������� S�������:5,*+7�������S���������+(:,621�������S������������������9 $LQGD�QD�,QJODWHUUD��/XGPLOOD�-RUGDQRYD�SURS{V�XPD�SHUVSHFWLYD�GLIHUHQWH� de prática da Public History, a “história como entretenimento”, por meio da qual XPD�HOLWH�SUR¿VVLRQDO�±�QmR�DSHQDV�³WUHLQDGD´�QD�XQLYHUVLGDGH��PDV�FRPSRVWD� por acadêmicos altamente competentes que debatessem entre si regularmente SRU�PHLR�GH�VXDV�SXEOLFDo}HV�H�FRQIHUrQFLDV�±�HP�FRODERUDomR�FRP�XPD�DPSOD� UHGH�GH�FRPSDQKLDV�PLGLiWLFDV��HGLWRUHV�H�PXVHXV��GHYHULD�VHU�FDSD]�GH�DOFDQoDU� um vasto público leigo (-25'$129$�������S����� (P�WRGR�FDVR��¿FDP�SDWHQWHV�� ���D�TXHVWmR�GR�WUHLQDPHQWR�SUR¿VVLRQDO para quem quer que pretenda explorar a KLVWyULD�H�OHYi�OD�DR�JUDQGH�S~EOLFR�����R�LPSHUDWLYR�GD�FRQVLGHUDomR�GD�TXHVWmR� da audiência� QD� GH¿QLomR� GR� TXH� VHMD� H� GH� FRPR� VH� GHYH� SUDWLFDU� D� KLVWyULD� pública. Historiadores “públicos” devem estar sempre precavidos de sua audiência H��FHUWDPHQWH��VHPSUH�GHVHMDUmR��GHVGH�R�LQtFLR�GH�XPD�LGHLD�RX�SURMHWR��DOFDQoDU� XP�S~EOLFR�FDGD�YH]�PDLRU�GH�HVSHFWDGRUHV�RX�OHLWRUHV�GH�PRGR�D�IDFXOWDU�DFHVVR� DR�SDVVDGR�DR�JUDQGH�S~EOLFR��2�SUREOHPD��D�PHX�YHU��p�TXDQGR�D�DXGLrQFLD�FDGD� YH]�PDLRU�D�TXDOTXHU�FXVWR�VH�WRUQD�XP�¿P�HP�VL�PHVPR��:,17(5 1996, p. ������3URFXUDUHPRV�WUDWDU�HVVHV�GRLV�WHPDV�D�VHJXLU� 8P�SRQWR�IXQGDPHQWDO�D�VH�FRQVLGHUDU�QD�EXVFD�GH�XPD�GH¿QLomR�FDWHJyULFD� de Public History p�D�TXHVWmR�GD�IRUPDomR�GH�VHXV�SUDWLFDQWHV��$XWRUHV�FRPR�-DFN� 0��+ROO�VXVWHQWDP�TXH�DV�DWLYLGDGHV�SUR¿VVLRQDLV�GH�³KLVWRULDGRUHV�SUiWLFRV´10 H�³DFDGrPLFRV´�VmR�HPLQHQWHPHQWH�GLVWLQWDV��QmR�REVWDQWH�R�common ground TXH�FRPSDUWLOKDP��3DUD�+ROO��R�TXH�GLVWLQJXH�RV�KLVWRULDGRUHV�SUiWLFRV�QmR�p� 8�2�VLWH�KWWS���ZZZ�SXEOLFKLVWRU\�RUJ�LQFOXL�UHVHQKDV��GLFDV�GH�HPSUHJRV��DOpP�GH�RIHUHFHU�RXWURV�VHUYLoRV� 9�/LGGLQJWRQ�UHVJDWD�D�LPSRUWkQFLD�GD�H[SHULrQFLD�GH�6DPPXHO�QR�5XVNLQ�&ROOHJH��XPD�IDFXOGDGH�SDUD�DGXOWRV� que, a partir de 1996, com Sammuel à frente, ofereceu um MA em tempo parcial em Public History. Seu SURJUDPD�LQFOXL�R�HVWXGR�GH�PHPyULD�SRSXODU�H�KLVWyULD�YLVXDO�MXQWR�FRP�XP�JUXSR�GH�GLVFXVVmR�HP�Public History�GHGLFDGR�D�ID]HU�D�SRQWH�HQWUH�D�DFDGHPLD�H�R�³PXQGR�UHDO �´�&I��KWWS���ZZZ�UXVNLQ�DF�XN�SURVSHFWXV. $FHVVR�HP����MXO��������9HU�WDPEpP�.($1��0$57,1��025*$1�������6$008(/�������S��������������������� 10� $� WHUPLQRORJLD� SDUD� GHVLJQDU� RV� KLVWRULDGRUHV� QmR� WUHLQDGRV� QD� XQLYHUVLGDGH� p� DPSOD�� historymakers, popular historians, lay historians �HVFULWRUHV�GH�KLVWyULD��KLVWRULDGRUHV�SRSXODUHV��KLVWRULDGRUHV�OHLJRV�� 31 Acadêmicos na berlinda ou como cada um escreve a História?_________________________________________________________________________________ KLVW��KLVWRULRJU���RXUR�SUHWR��Q������DJRVWR��������S������� sua bagagem intelectual, adquirida por meio do treinamento (mormente nas XQLYHUVLGDGHV��TXH�HOHV�FRPSDUWLOKDP�FRP�RV�KLVWRULDGRUHV�DFDGrPLFRV��PDV� sim sua cultura de trabalho, que é moldada por identidades, perspectivas, PLVVmR� H� YDORUHV� GLVWLQWRV�� $OJXQV� KLVWRULDGRUHV� WrP�HQIDWL]DGR� HVVH� WHUUHQR� comum compartilhado por historiadores “práticos” e acadêmicos. Celebrar esse entendimento de um suposto “terreno comum” entre ambos, no entanto, SRGH�PDVFDUDU�DV�GLIHUHQoDV�FXOWXUDLV�IXQGDPHQWDLV�HQWUH�RV�KLVWRULDGRUHV�TXH� SUDWLFDP�KLVWyULD�QR�VHQWLGR�GH�VXD�YXOJDUL]DomR�H�KLVWRULDGRUHV�FRP�IRUPDomR� técnica que, ademais, ensinam (+2//�������S������ De qualquer modo, em todos os países mencionados acima, onde se pratica e se discute a “história pública”, “popular historymakers” e “professional historians” (bem entendido, KLVWRULDGRUHV�DFDGrPLFRV���SDVVDP�DPERV�SRU�XPD�IRUPDomR�GH�expertise, um WUHLQDPHQWR��XQLYHUVLWiULR��HVSHFLDOL]DGR��� $TXHOD� GH¿QLomR� GH� .HOOH\� VHJXQGR� D� TXDO� D� GLIHUHQoD� SULPRUGLDO� entre historiadores práticos e acadêmicos residiria apenas em seu lugar de DWXDomR�SUR¿VVLRQDO��XP�DWXDULD�QR�FLUFXLWR�IHFKDGR�GD�DFDGHPLD��H�R�RXWUR�� QRV� KRUL]RQWHV� DEHUWRV� SHODV� GLYHUVDV� PtGLDV�� SHUGXURX� SRU� PXLWRV� DQRV�� (VFUHYHQGR�DLQGD�HP�������'RQDOG�5LWFKLH�D¿UPDYD�TXH�WDQWR�KLVWRULDGRUHV� DFDGrPLFRV� �PHVPR� DWXDQGR� FRPR� LQWHOHFWXDVL� QD� HVIHUD� S~EOLFD�� TXDQWR� KLVWRULDGRUHV�S~EOLFRV�QRV�(8$�SURFXUDYDP�DWLQJLU�JUDQGHV�DXGLrQFLDV��PDLV� DPSODV�TXH�R�FtUFXOR�GH�VHXV�SDUHV��(QTXDQWR�DFDGrPLFRV��FRPR�LQWHOHFWXDLV� H� FLGDGmRV�� SRGHP�FRPHQWDU� OLYUHPHQWH� VREUH�TXHVW}HV�SROtWLFDV� DWXDLV�� RV� ³KLVWRULDGRUHV�S~EOLFRV´�WHQGHP�D�XWLOL]DU�VXDV�KDELOLGDGHV�GH�IRUPD�PDLV�VXWLO� SDUD�PROGDU�D�FRQVFLrQFLD�S~EOLFD�SRU�PHLR�GD�DSUHVHQWDomR�GD�KLVWyULD�HP� linguagem popular, em museus, sítios históricos, documentários e websites. 5LWFKLH�HQIDWL]DYD��HQWmR��GRLV�DVSHFWRV�LPSRUWDQWHV��SULPHLUR��PDLV�XPD�YH]�� D� LPSRUWkQFLD� GD� TXHVWmR� GD� ³DXGLrQFLD´� FRPR� IDWRU� IXQGDPHQWDO� GD�Public History��(��SRU�RXWUR�ODGR��D�LQVHUomR�GRV�KLVWRULDGRUHV�QRV�JUDQGHV�GHEDWHV� S~EOLFRV��5,7&+,(�������S������ 1HVVH�~OWLPR�TXHVLWR��FRP�SRXTXtVVLPDV�H[FHo}HV��GHYHPRV�UHFRQKHFHU� TXH�D�KLVWRULRJUD¿D�DFDGrPLFD�EUDVLOHLUD�DLQGD�WHP�MRJDGR�XP�SDSHO�PXLWR� WtPLGR��DR�DEULU�PmR�GD�RFXSDomR�GRV�HVSDoRV�S~EOLFRV�GH�GHEDWH�SDUD�PDQWHU� �@VH� FRQ¿QDGD�QRV� FLUFXLWRV� IHFKDGRV� GD� DFDGHPLD�� $LQGD� VHJXQGR�5LWFKLH� �������S�������³>«@�KLVWRULDGRUHV�S~EOLFRV�>OHLJRV@�JHUDOPHQWH�VH�DEVWrP�GH� H[SUHVVDU�SXEOLFDPHQWH�RSLQL}HV�SHVVRDLV�VREUH�TXHVW}HV�SROtWLFDV��(P�YH]� GLVVR��HOHV�SUHIHUHP�XWLOL]DU�VXDV�KDELOLGDGHV�GH�IRUPD�PDLV�VXWLO�QR�WUDEDOKR� GH�PROGDU�D�FRQVFLrQFLD�S~EOLFD�SRU�PHLR�GD�DSUHVHQWDomR�GR�SDVVDGR�HP� lugares públicos”. 2�FUHVFLPHQWR�GHVVH�FDPSR�VHP�IURQWHLUDV�PXLWR�GH¿QLGDV�TXH�VH�FKDPRX� de Public History DUWLFXOD�VH�GH�PRGR�RUJkQLFR�FRP�D�UHFHQWH�H[SORVmR�UXLGRVD� GH�IRUPDV�SRSXODUHV�GH�DSUHVHQWDomR�GR�SDVVDGR��(VVHV�PHVPRV�IHQ{PHQRV� DFRQWHFHP�HP�PDLRU�RX�PHQRU�PHGLGD�QR�%UDVLO��FRQVWDWD�VH�XPD�VHQVtYHO� GHPDQGD�VRFLDO�SRU�KLVWyULD�QRV�PDLV�GLYHUVRV�HVSDoRV�GH�IRUPDomR�GH�RSLQLmR� IRUD�GDV�XQLYHUVLGDGHV��QRYRV�OXJDUHV�GH�H[HUFtFLR�GD�SUR¿VVmR��XPD�GHPDQGD� FUHVFHQWH� GH� FRQVXPR� SRSXODU� GH� KLVWyULD�� YHUL¿FiYHO� QR� DSDUHFLPHQWR� GH� 32 KLVW��KLVWRULRJU���RXUR�SUHWR��Q������DJRVWR��������S������� _________________________________________________________________________________-XUDQGLU�0DOHUED UHYLVWDV�HVSHFLDOL]DGDV�GH�GLYXOJDomR�FRP�JUDQGHV�WLUDJHQV11 e, por outro lado, XPD�DJUHVVLYD�SURGXomR�³KLVWRULRJUi¿FD´�TXH�LQVLVWH�HP�VH�DXWRSURPRYHU�FRPR� XPD�³QRYD�KLVWyULD´�±�QmR�DFDGrPLFD��GLIHUHQWH�H�VXSHULRU�jTXHOD��7DO�DPSOLDomR� JLJDQWHVFD� GR� LQWHUHVVH� SHOR� FDPSR�� OHYDGD� D� FDER� SRU� SUR¿VVLRQDLV� WDQWR� LQWHUQRV�FRPR�H[WHUQRV�j�iUHD�DFDGrPLFD�GD�KLVWyULD��WHP�GXDV�LPSOLFDo}HV� incontornáveis. A primeira é que o interesse pelo passado, ou, ao menos, suas IRUPDV�SRSXODUHV�GH�DSUHVHQWDomR��DWXDOPHQWH�QRV�FHUFDP�SRU�WRGRV�RV�ODGRV�� +RMH�R�SDVVDGR� VLJQL¿FD� ³QHJyFLRV´� H��QmR�PHQRV� LPSRUWDQWH�� ³SRGHU´��8P� segundo ponto que distingue o Brasil dos outros casos que vimos apresentando é que, lá em outros países onde se pratica e se discute o estatuto da Public History, KLVWRULDGRUHV�DFDGrPLFRV��FRP�IRUPDomR�XQLYHUVLWiULD��FRPSDUWLOKDP� o mesmo common ground�GRV�SURGXWRUHV�GH�YHUV}HV�SRSXODUHV�GD�KLVWyULD��� 2V�KLVWRULDGRUHV� ³S~EOLFRV´�QR�H[WHULRU��TXH� FRQTXLVWDUDP�RX�FULDUDP�QRYDV� iUHDV�GH�DWXDomR�SUR¿VVLRQDO�� VHMD�HP�RUJDQLVPRV�HVWDWDLV�RX�SULYDGRV��QD� PtGLD�� HP�PXVHXV� H� DUTXLYRV�� HP� VLQGLFDWRV� H� DVVRFLDo}HV� GH� FODVVH�� VHMD� QRV�QRYRV�FDQDLV�YLUWXDLV��WRGRV�HOHV�WrP�IRUPDomR��WUHLQDPHQWR�XQLYHUVLWiULR� SUR¿VVLRQDO� QR� WUDWDPHQWR� GRV� SULQFtSLRV� RX� IXQGDPHQWRV� GD� KLVWyULD� FRPR� FLrQFLD��2UD��LVVR�QmR�p�R�TXH�VH�SDVVD�QR�%UDVLO��RQGH�D�SHUtFLD�QDUUDWLYD�H�DV� DUWLFXODo}HV�PHUFDGROyJLFDV�SDUHFHP�VHU�VX¿FLHQWHV�SDUD�JDUDQWLU�D�TXDOTXHU� leigo o domínio do ofício. 1HVWH� HQVDLR�� PHX� REMHWLYR� p� R� GH� SHQVDU� D� SUiWLFD� GD� KLVWyULD� QmR� DFDGrPLFD� QR� %UDVLO� j� OX]� GH� DOJXPDV� GHVVDV� TXHVW}HV� VXVFLWDGDV� SHORV� debates da Public/Popular History��4XDO�R�SHU¿O�H�TXH�WLSR�GH�KLVWyULD�HVVHV� KLVWRULDGRUHV�SUiWLFRV�SURGX]HP"�4XDLV�DV�LPSOLFDo}HV�GH�XPD�KLVWRULRJUD¿D� orientada pelos negócios ou pelo mercado? &RQIRUPH�Mi�REVHUYDUDP�DOJXQV�DXWRUHV�LPSRUWDQWHV�FRPR�5R\�5RVHQ]ZHLJ�� o lado bom da coisa é que existe uma demanda social enorme por história, ou seja, a história está “bombando” (526(1=:(,*�������S����������0DV�Ki� também um lado sombrio desse fenômeno, que é justamente o da qualidade GHVVD�KLVWyULD�IHLWD�SRU�SHVVRDV�VHP�WUHLQDPHQWR�SUR¿VVLRQDO��8P�GRV�PDLRUHV� HVSHFLDOLVWDV�QD�iUHD��5R\�5RVHQ]ZHLJ��p�PXLWR�FUtWLFR��(VVD�KLVWyULD�SURGX]LGD� por leigos costuma ser uma história muito ruim. A história social, processual, LQWHUSUHWDWLYD�� HVWUXWXUDO�� DQDOtWLFD�� FUtWLFD�� QmR� FKHJD� DR� JUDQGH� S~EOLFR�� H� VLP�D�KLVWyULD�SDURTXLDO�� HSLVyGLFD�� IDFWXDO��SLWRUHVFD��DQHGyWLFD��ELRJUi¿FD�� GDV� JUDQGHV� EDWDOKDV�� HP� UiSLGDV� QDUUDWLYDV� GUDPiWLFDV� LQÀDPDGDV�� 3DUD� 5RVHQ]ZHLJ��D�KLVWyULD�p� LPSRUWDQWH�SDUD�R�S~EOLFR��2�SUREOHPD�p�TXH�HVVD� história popular é de qualidade questionável. 11 Como História viva, Revista de História da Biblioteca Nacional, Aventuras na História, Leituras da história, Desvendando a História, BBC História, História em curso, H�RXWUDV�UHYLVWDV�H[FOXVLYDPHQWH�YLUWXDLV��KLVWyULD� H�KLVWyULD��GLVSRQtYHO�HP��KWWS���ZZZ�KLVWRULDHKLVWRULD�FRP�EU��$FHVVR�HP����PDLR�������Histórica – revista online do Arquivo do Estado de São Paulo. 'LVSRQtYHO� HP�� KWWS���ZZZ�KLVWRULFD�DUTXLYRHVWDGR�VS�JRY�EU� VREUH��$FHVVR�HP����MXO��������$V�UHGHV�VRFLDLV�WrP�XP�SDSHO�LPSRUWDQWH�SDUD�D�GLYXOJDomR�GR�LQWHUHVVH�SHOD� KLVWyULD��2�&DIp�+LVWyULD��KWWS���FDIHKLVWRULD�QLQJ�FRP��FRQWD�FRP�FHUFD�GH����PLO�PHPEURV�����PLO�DPLJRV�QR� )DFHERRN�H�����PLO�VHJXLGRUHV�QR�7ZLWWHU� ���³3RSXODUHV´�VHP�QHQKXPD�FRQRWDomR�SHMRUDWLYD��PDV�DSHQDV�QR�VHQWLGR�GH�XPD�KLVWyULD�TXH�VH�SURMHWD�D� DOFDQoDU�XPD�DXGLrQFLD�GH�PDVVD�H��SRUWDQWR��D�VH�SRSXODUL]DU� 33 Acadêmicos na berlinda ou como cada um escreve a História?_________________________________________________________________________________ KLVW��KLVWRULRJU���RXUR�SUHWR��Q������DJRVWR��������S������� 6mR�GRLV�WLSRV�GH�KLVWyULDV�GH�TXDOLGDGH�GXYLGRVD�DV�SURGX]LGDV�FRP� vistas ao grande público. Parte delas se resume a histórias triviais de IDPtOLD�� FROHo}HV� GH� REMHWRV� SHVVRDLV� �VHORV�� FDUWDV�� GLiULRV��� ELRJUDILDV� RUQDGDV�FRP�DV� OHPEUDQoDV�H�SUHFRQFHLWRV�GRV�PDLV�YHOKRV��(��SRU�RXWUR� lado, temos a velha história oitocentista de grandes fatos e personagens, a história évenementielle TXH� WDQWR�FRPEDWHX�/XFLHQ�)HEYUH��5RVHQ]ZHLJ� PRVWUD�VH� SUHRFXSDGR� FRP� LVVR� QR� VHQWLGR� GH� TXH� ³KLVWRULDGRUHV� QmR� profissionais têm suas próprias preferências, desejos e caprichos, e essas histórias orais pessoais, de grupo ou bairro podem ser demasiado estreitas e paroquiais”. A história factual, dos grandes personagens e episódios, foi massivamente criticada desde a virada do século XIX para o XX, para retomarmos o assunto aqui.13� &RQWDGRUHV� GH� HVWyULDV� SRSXODUHV�� QmR� WUHLQDGRV�QD�UHIOH[mR�KLVWyULFD�SDUD�D�IRUPXODomR�GH�SUREOHPDV��QD�SHVTXLVD� documental e na análise teorica e metodologicamente embasada, tanto RV�TXH�HQIDWL]DP�D�H[SHULrQFLD�SHVVRDO� H�R�GHSRLPHQWR�GH�SULPHLUD�PmR� quanto os que constroem narrativas enredadas como sagas, na maioria das YH]HV�VXEHVWLPDP�HVWUXWXUDV�HQYROYHQWHV�PDLRUHV�RX�FRQMXQWRV�FRPSOH[RV�de fatores constituintes de qualquer acontecimento ou processo histórico �*5$+$0��-5�������� Certamente há muitas décadas historiadores leigos vêm tendo uma LPSRUWDQWH�SDUWLFLSDomR�S~EOLFD�QR�%UDVLO��2V�HVSHFLDOLVWDV�FRQFRUGDP�HP�TXH� D�KLVWRULRJUD¿D�EUDVLOHLUD�WHYH�LQtFLR�QR�VpFXOR�;,;��QDV�DUFDGDV�GR�,QVWLWXWR� +LVWyULFR� H� *HRJUi¿FR� %UDVLOHLUR�� SURGX]LGD� HPLQHQWHPHQWH� SRU� EDFKDUpLV� HP�'LUHLWR�H�GLSORPDWDV��HQ¿P�� OHLJRV��$R� ORQJR�GR�VpFXOR�;;��RV�PDLRUHV� historiadores brasileiros, que se tornaram canônicos, como Sérgio Buarque GH�+RODQGD��&DLR�3UDGR�-U�H�5DLPXQGR�)DRUR��HUDP�DXWRGLGDWDV��0DV�R�QRVVR� IRFR� QmR� p� HVVD� KLVWyULD� QmR� SUR¿VVLRQDO�� 7DPEpP� GDWD� GR� ¿QDO� GRV� DQRV� �����H��VREUHWXGR��GRV�DQRV������R�PRYLPHQWR�GH�JUDQGH�GLIXVmR�HGLWRULDO� que tornou famosos como escritores de história muitos jornalistas como 5X\�&DVWUR��)HUQDQGR�0RUDLV��=XHQLU�9HQWXUD��-RUJH�&DOGHLUD�H��GHSRLV��(OLR� *DVSDUL��(OHV�HVFUHYHUDP�XPD�HVSpFLH�GH�³MRUQDOLVPR�GH�pSRFD´�GH�TXDOLGDGH�� QD�PHOKRU�DFHSomR�GR� WHUPR�³KLVWyULD�SRSXODU �´�'HGLFDUDP�VH�j�HVFULWD�GH� ELRJUD¿DV�GH�SHUVRQDJHQV�IDPRVRV��DSRLDQGR�VH�HP�SHVTXLVD�ELEOLRJUi¿FD�H� documental rigorosa e numa linguagem saborosa, com enredos de romance. Com o sucesso desse nicho de mercado, passaram a escrever sobre períodos históricos, como os da época da bossa-nova, o Rio de Janeiro da época de '��-RmR�9,�RX�RV�DQRV�GD�GLWDGXUD�PLOLWDU��$OpP�GH�ERD�LQIRUPDomR�H�GH�XPD� prosa de alta qualidade, esses livros tinham em comum tiragens enormes, FRQWDQGR�VH� HP� GH]HQDV� GH�PLOKDUHV� GH� H[HPSODUHV� YHQGLGRV� HP� SRXFDV� VHPDQDV� GHSRLV� GR� ODQoDPHQWR�� &RPR� KRPHQV� GH� PtGLD� �HOHV� SUySULRV� D� ³FDUD´�GD�PtGLD���FRP�QRPHV�UHFRQKHFLGRV�H�GH�FUHGLELOLGDGH��QmR� OKHV� IRL� GLItFLO� XVDU� D� VHX� IDYRU� RV� PHLRV� GH� FRPXQLFDomR� RQGH� Mi� DWXDYDP� KDYLD� 13�3DUD�XPD�LQWURGXomR�QR�DVVXQWR��YHU�0$/(5%$������ 34 KLVW��KLVWRULRJU���RXUR�SUHWR��Q������DJRVWR��������S������� _________________________________________________________________________________-XUDQGLU�0DOHUED décadas.��� 6HX� WUDEDOKR� SLRQHLUR� IRL� GHFLVLYR� SDUD� D� H[SDQVmR� GR� S~EOLFR� leitor de história no Brasil. $�GHPDQGD�FUHVFHQWH�SRU�KLVWyULD�GR�S~EOLFR�QmR�HVSHFLDOL]DGR�p�XP�IDWR� TXH�Vy�RV�JHVWRUHV�GD�HGXFDomR�QR�%UDVLO�QmR�HQ[HUJDP�FRP�SURSULHGDGH��KDMD� vista o expurgo das disciplinas de história dos curricula do ensino fundamental e médio em favor das matemáticas e da língua portuguesa. Como índice dessa H[SORVmR�GH�GHPDQGD�S~EOLFD�SRU�KLVWyULD�SRGHUtDPRV�LQGLFDU�R�VXUJLPHQWR�GH� LQ~PHUDV�UHYLVWDV�GH�GLYXOJDomR�FLHQWt¿FD��XP�Q~PHUR�FUHVFHQWH�GH�SURJUDPDV� GH� WHOHYLVmR�� HQWUH� QRYHODV� H�PLQLVVpULHV�� UHGHV� VRFLDLV� H�websites, que têm D� KLVWyULD� FRPR� WHPD�� $V� UHYLVWDV� GH� GLYXOJDomR�� HP� SDUWLFXODU�� FXPSUHP� R� SDSHO�TXH�DV�GLVFXVV}HV�VREUH�Public History�UHFODPDP��1DV�SDODYUDV�GH�/XFLDQR� )LJXHLUHGR��KLVWRULDGRU�DFDGrPLFR�H�DQWLJR�HGLWRU�GD�PDLV�LPSRUWDQWH�UHYLVWD�GH� GLYXOJDomR�GR�%UDVLO��D�Revista de História da Biblioteca Nacional: +LVWyULD�H�FLrQFLDV�KXPDQDV�WrP�XP�H[SUHVVLYR�SDSHO�PRELOL]DGRU� MXQWR� DRV� LQGLYtGXRV�H�JUXSRV��XPD�YH]�TXH� OLGDP�FRP� LGHQWLGDGH��PHPyULD�� SDUWLFLSDomR�H�RUJDQL]DomR�S~EOLFDV�� LQWHUDomR�H�FRQIURQWRV��DVVLP�FRPR� FRQGLo}HV�GH�H[LVWrQFLD��6mR�SURFHVVRV�TXH�WrP�XPD�OLQKD�GLUHWD�FRP�R� debate nas universidades e centros de pesquisa e, por isso, difundir o TXH�SHQVDPRV�DOL�p�DOFDQoDU�LQWHUORFXWRUHV�DWp�HQWmR�DOKHLRV��UHIRUPXODU� FRQFHLWRV� FULVWDOL]DGRV� SRU� Dt�� IRUPDU� QRYRV� UHIHUHQFLDLV� GH� FRQVFLrQFLD�� /RJR��FXLGDU�GD�IRUPDomR�GH�XP�S~EOLFR��'HVGH�DTXL�GHYH�¿FDU�FODUR�R�TXH� FKDPDPRV�GH�³GLYXOJDomR�FLHQWt¿FD´�SDUD�QmR�HPEDUDOKDUPRV�D�GLVFXVVmR� SURSRVWD�SRU�HVWD�HQWUHYLVWD��7UDWD�VH�GD�DSUHVHQWDomR�GH�FRQKHFLPHQWR� acadêmico, acompanhada por especialistas da área, sob novas formas e VXSRUWHV��SDUD�XP�S~EOLFR�DPSOLDGR��5,%(,52��$025262��������� 0DV�R� IRFR�GH�DQiOLVH�DTXL� WDPEpP�QmR�VmR�RV�YHtFXORV�GH�GLYXOJDomR� FLHQWt¿FD��SURGX]LGRV�SRU�SUR¿VVLRQDLV�WUHLQDGRV�H�TXH�FXPSUHP�XP�LPSRUWDQWH� papel de colocar a história crítica, documentada e teoricamente fundamentada ao alcance do grande público, em particular como subsidiária da atividade GRFHQWH�QR�HQVLQR�EiVLFR��IXQGDPHQWDO�H�PpGLR���7UDWD�VH�GH�RXWUR�IHQ{PHQR�� TXH� VXUJLX� QR� YiFXR� GDV� UXLGRVDV� FRPHPRUDo}HV� GR� TXLQWR� FHQWHQiULR� GD� ³GHVFREHUWD´� GR� %UDVLO�� 1R� ¿QDO� GRV� DQRV� ������ XP� MRUQDOLVWD� HVSRUWLYR� ���'H�5X\�&DVWR�� HQWUH� RXWURV� VXFHVVRV�� VmR�Chega de saudade: a história e as histórias da Bossa-Nova ��������2�DQMR�SRUQRJUi¿FR��D�YLGD�GH�1HOVRQ�5RGULJXHV���������Estrela solitária. um brasileiro chamado Garrincha ��������&DUPHQ��XPD�ELRJUD¿D���������Era no tempo do rei: um romance da chegada da corte ��������'H�)HUQDQGR�0RUDLV��Olga���������Chatô, o rei do Brasil ��������Os últimos soldados da Guerra Fria ���������'H�=XHQLU�9HQWXUD��1968: o ano que não terminou���������Chico Mendes: crime e castigo��������� ������R�TXH�¿]HPRV�GH�QyV���������7RWDOPHQWH�¿[DGRV�QR�WHUULWyULR�GD�KLVWyULD��VmR�GH�-RUJH�&DOGHLUD��Noel Rosa, de costas para o mar���������Mauá, empresário do Império���������Viagem pela História do Brasil ��������A nação mercantilista: ensaios sobre o Brasil ��������A construção do samba� ��������Brasil – a história contada por quem viu����������(OLR�*DVSDUL�SXEOLFRX�D�SROrPLFD�WHWUDORJLD�VREUH�RV�DQRV�GD�GLWDGXUD� FLYLO�PLOLWDU�QR�%UDVLO��A ditadura envergonhada���������A ditadura escancarada ��������A ditadura derrotada, ������H�A ditadura encurralada�������� ���1R�PRPHQWR�HP�TXH�UHYLVR�HVWH�WH[WR�SDUD�SXEOLFDomR��FKHJD�PH�jV�PmRV�XP�YROXPH��História do Brasil para ocupados, RUJDQL]DGR�SRU�/XFLDQR�)LJXHLUHGR��HP�TXH�R�HGLWRU�UHXQLX�FHUFD�GH�RLWHQWD�SHTXHQRV�WH[WRV�� PXLWRV�YHLFXODGRV�SHODV�UHYLVWDV�GH�GLYXOJDomR�FRPR�D�Revista de História da Biblioteca Nacional, de que foi HGLWRU�SRU�DQRV��(P�VHLV�JUDQGHV�FDStWXORV��3iWULD��)p��3RGHU��3RYR��*XHUUD�H�&RQVWUXWRUHV���R�HGLWRU�DSUHVHQWD� uma proposta inovadora de escritura histórica para o grande público, numa história do Brasil “arranjada como XP�FDOHLGRVFySLR �´�2�GLIHUHQFLDO�GHVVD�REUD�p�R�GH�TXH��QHVVD�HVWUXWXUD�QDUUDWLYD�TXH�IRJH�DR�RUGHQDPHQWR� FURQROyJLFR� H� j� XWLOL]DomR� GR� SHVDGR� DUFDERXoR� WHyULFR� HP�TXH� VH� DPSDUDP�RV� KLVWRULDGRUHV�� RIHUHFH�VH� XPD�OHLWXUD�SUD]HURVD�H�DR�PHVPR�WHPSR�DUHMDGD�TXH�WUD]�D�S~EOLFR��H�DR�JUDQGH�S~EOLFR��DV�PDLV�UHFHQWHV� DTXLVLo}HV�FLHQWt¿FDV�SURGX]LGDV�QD�DFDGHPLD��-i�QmR�p�PDLV�SRVVtYHO�UHSHWLU�R�PDQWUD�GH�TXH�RV�KLVWRULDGRUHV� DFDGrPLFRV�VmR�FKDWRV�RX�QmR�VDEHP�HVFUHYHU��&I��),*8(,5('2������� 35 Acadêmicos na berlinda ou como cada um escreve a História?_________________________________________________________________________________ KLVW��KLVWRULRJU���RXUR�SUHWR��Q������DJRVWR��������S������� gaúcho, com boa experiência editorial, percebeu que havia um potencial nicho de mercado para a história no país. Para aproveitar a onda mercadológica das HIHPpULGHV�� (GXDUGR� %XHQR� DSUHVHQWRX� D� XPD� JUDQGH� HGLWRUD� R� SURMHWR� GH� XPD�FROHomR��Terra Brasilis, FRPSRVWD�LQLFLDOPHQWH�SRU�WUrV�REUDV��A viagem do Descobrimento: a verdadeira história da expedição de Cabral ������� 1iXIUDJRV�� WUD¿FDQWHV� H� GHJUHGDGRV�� DV� SULPHLUDV� H[SHGLo}HV� DR� %UDVLO� �������� H�Capitães do Brasil: a verdadeira história da expedição de Cabral ��������(P�������SRU�FRLQFLGrQFLD�RX�QmR�GR�DXJH�GRV�HVFkQGDORV�SROtWLFRV�GR� JRYHUQR�IHGHUDO�QR�%UDVLO��³0HQVDOmR´���DSDUHFHX�R�TXDUWR�YROXPH��A coroa, a FUX]�H�D�HVSDGD��OHL��RUGHP�H�FRUUXSomR�QR�%UDVLO�&RO{QLD�������������(VVHV� OLYURV�VXSHUDP�R�SDWDPDU�GH�PLOKmR�GH�FySLDV�YHQGLGDV��6HX�DXWRU�YLURX�XPD� espécie de celebridade e passou a dar consultoria e apresentar programas na PDLRU�UHGH�SULYDGD�GH�WHOHYLVmR�GR�SDtV��D�5HGH�*ORER�� (VVDV�REUDV�Mi�IRUDP�DPL~GH�UHVHQKDGDV�SHOD�FUtWLFD�DFDGrPLFD��TXH�QHODV� 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Sob a bandeira GR�³SROLWLFDPHQWH�FRUUHWR �´�PDO�VH�GLVIDUoD�XPD�YLVmR�DOWDPHQWH�FRQVHUYDGRUD�� TXDQGR�QmR�UHDFLRQiULD��UHWUyJUDGD��HXURFrQWULFD�H�SUHFRQFHLWXRVD�GD�VREUH�D� KLVWyULD�GR�%UDVLO��3RU�H[HPSOR��HP�UHODomR�D�QHJURV�H�tQGLRV��1DUORFK�UHSURGX]� XPD� LQWHUSUHWDomR� WtSLFD� GDV� FODVVHV� VHQKRULDLV� EUDVLOHLUDV� GR� VpFXOR� ;,;� VHJXQGR�D�TXDO�D�FRQVWUXomR�GR�%UDVLO� IRL�REUD�GH�HXURSHXV� �SRUWXJXHVHV��H� R�%UDVLO�IH]�VH�TXDVH�TXH�DSHVDU�GD�H[LVWrQFLD�GH�QHJURV�H�tQGLRV��� Segundo HVVD� LQWHUSUHWDomR��EDVHDGD�QXPD�¿ORVR¿D� LOXPLQLVWD�H�KHJHOLDQD�GD�KLVWyULD�� GH�DFRUGR�FRP�D�TXDO�D�FLYLOL]DomR�HXURSHLD�HVWDULD�QD�SRQWD�GH�XP�SURFHVVR� FLYLOL]DWyULR�~QLFR��WHOHROyJLFR�H�XQLYHUVDO�UXPR�j�SHUIHFWLELOLGDGH�KXPDQD�±�H�� SRUWDQWR��DRV�HXURSHXV�FDEHULD�OHYDU�DV�OX]HV�GH�VXD�FLYLOL]DomR�DRV�SRYRV�PDLV� DWUDVDGRV�±��D�PHOKRU�FRLVD�TXH�DFRQWHFHX�FRP�RV�tQGLRV�EUDVLOHLURV�H�FRP�RV� QHJURV�WUD]LGRV�GH�ÈIULFD�IRL�VHX�HQFRQWUR�FRP�RV�SRUWXJXHVHV��VHXV�YHUGDGHLURV� OLEHUWDGRUHV��1mR�YRX�UHEDWHU�HVVDV�LQYHUGDGHV��UHSOLFDQGR�FRP�KLVWRULRJUD¿D�� SRLV�QmR�p�GLVVR�TXH�VH�WUDWD��PDV�DJXoD�D�FXULRVLGDGH�LQWHOHFWXDO�SHQVDU�QD� UD]mR�GR�DSDUHFLPHQWR�GH�³OHLWXUDV´�WmR�IUDQFDPHQWH�FRQVHUYDGRUDV�QXPD�pSRFD� FRPR�D�TXH�YLYHPRV��TXDQGR�VH�GLVFXWH�VRFLDOPHQWH�H�VH�DSOLFDP�QR�(VWDGR� GLIHUHQWHV�SROtWLFDV�GH�LQFOXVmR�UDFLDO�H�VRFLDO� ���1R�PRPHQWR�HP�TXH�UHYLVR�HVWH�WH[WR�WHQKR�QRWtFLD�GH�TXH�DFDED�GH�VDLU�R�QRYR�OLYUR�GH�/DXUHQWLQR�*RPHV� �*20(6�������� ��� (VVD� YLVmR� IRL� GLIXQGLGD� SRU� )UDQFLVFR� $GROIR� GH� 9DUQKDJHQ�� FRQVLGHUDGR� R� IXQGDGRU� GD� KLVWRULRJUD¿D� EUDVLOHLUD�� &I�� $%5(8� ������ $XWRUHV� LPSRUWDQWHV� GHGLFDUDP�VH� DR� HVWXGR� GD� REUD� H� GD� YLGD� GR� 9LVFRQGH� GH� 3RUWR�6HJXUR��&I��:(+/,1*������� S�� ���������52'5,*8(6������� S�� ���������5(,6������� S�� ������� ,*/(6,$6�������2'$/,$������ 39 Acadêmicos na berlinda ou como cada um escreve a História?_________________________________________________________________________________ KLVW��KLVWRULRJU���RXUR�SUHWR��Q������DJRVWR��������S������� 1DUORFK� WDPEpP� ID]�JHQHUDOL]Do}HV�VXSHU¿FLDLV�H�SUHFRQFHLWXRVDV�VREUH� R�TXH�LGHQWL¿FD�FRPR�³DOPD´�GRV�SDtVHV��1HVVH�VHQWLGR��R�%UDVLO�VHULD�XP�SDtV� ³ELSRODU´�HP�FULVH�FRP�VXD�LGHQWLGDGH�� +DYHULD�DTXHOH�SDtV�TXH�PDO�QRWDULD�D�H[LVWrQFLD�GRV�RXWURV��FRPR�D�)UDQoD�� WDOYH]�RV�(VWDGRV�8QLGRV��$�$OHPDQKD�VH�VHJXUDULD�FDODGD��VRIUHQGR�GH� culpa, desconfortável consigo e com os colegas ao redor. Uma quarentona LQVRQH�� HP� FULVH� SRU� QmR� VHU� WmR� ULFD� H� DWUDHQWH� TXDQWR� QR� SDVVDGR�� representaria muito bem a Argentina. Claro que haveria também países PHQRV�SUREOHPiWLFRV��FRPR�R�&KLOH�RX�D�6XtoD��FRQWHQWHV�FRP�D�VXD�SRXFD� UHOHYkQFLD��1mR�VHULD�R�FDVR�GR�%UDVLO��SDFLHQWH�TXH�VRIUHULD�GH�GLYHUVRV� PDOHV�SVLFROyJLFRV��%LSRODU��RVFLODULD�HQWUH�FRQVLGHUDo}HV�PXLWR�QHJDWLYDV� H�PXLWR�SRVLWLYDV�VREUH�VL�SUySULR�� >(�FRQFOXL�@�D� LGHQWLGDGH�QDFLRQDO� IRL� VHPSUH�XP�SUREOHPD�SVLFDQDOtWLFR�QR�%UDVLO��1$5/2&+�������S������ 6y�DOJXpP�PXLWR�LJQRUDQWH�GD�KLVWyULD�GR�&KLOH�SRGHULD�ID]HU�WDO�D¿UPDomR�� Desde os anos 1830, Santiago tornou-se o centro do pensamento na América GR� 6XO�� 'HYLGR� DR� H[tOLR�� XPD� JHUDomR� GH� EULOKDQWHV� LQWHOHFWXDLV� DUJHQWLQRV�� junto com os próprios chilenos, foi requisitada pela elite governante chilena, num período de grande crescimento econômico e estabilidade política, para uma série de empreendimentos nos campos político e intelectual (como a própria IXQGDomR�GD�8QLYHUVLGDGH�GR�&KLOH��HP��������1HVVDV�FRQGLo}HV�yWLPDV��DTXHOD� JHUDomR�GHGLFRX�VH�D�SURGX]LU��D�SDUWLU�GR�&KLOH��REUDV�HVVHQFLDLV�QRV�FDPSRV�GR� GLUHLWR��GD�OLWHUDWXUD��GD�SROtWLFD�H�GD�KLVWyULD��$R�ORQJR�GRV�DQRV������H�������GHVHQYROYHX�VH�XPD�IRUWH�FRODERUDomR�HQWUH�LQWHOHFWXDLV�FKLOHQRV�H�DUJHQWLQRV�� que perdurou por todo século, mesmo após o retorno dos argentinos a seu país QDWDO��2�FRVPRSROLWLVPR�GD�LQWHOHFWXDOLGDGH�ODWLQR�DPHULFDQD�Mi�IRL�UHJLVWUDGR� SRU�XPD�OHJLmR�GH�QRWiYHLV�HVWXGLRVRV��&I��&2/0(1$5(6�������0$,*8$6+&$� ������7+851(5������� Voltando a Narloch, mais à frente em seu guia, seu preconceito se apresenta LQJrQXD� H� FUXDPHQWH�� ³([LVWHP� PXLWRV� OXJDUHV� LUUHOHYDQWHV� SHOR� PXQGR� ±� FRPR�3RUWR�5LFR��D�%pOJLFD��R�3DUDQi�±�R�TXH�QmR�FKHJD�D�VHU�XP�SUREOHPD´� �������S��������8P�GRV�PRPHQWRV�PDLV�GHOLFDGRV�GD�REUD�p�D� UHIHUrQFLD�j� GLWDGXUD� FLYLO�PLOLWDU� TXH�PDQFKRX� R� %UDVLO� HQWUH� ����� H� ������ e� FDGD� YH]� PDLV�FRPXP�TXH�QRYRV�HVWXGRV�SURPRYDP�XPD�UHOHLWXUD�PHQRV�LGHRORJL]DGD� GR�SHUtRGR�H�TXH�FDGD�YH]�VH�IDOH�PHQRV�HP�³PRFLQKRV´�H�³EDQGLGRV �´�FRPR� sugere Narloch. Mas o autor toma abertamente um só partido da dicotomia, XP�SDUWLGR�SUy�PLOLWDU��&2/20%2�������� Surfando no sucesso de vendas do guia incorreto da história do Brasil, o autor imediatamente emplacou, em coautoria com outro jornalista (Duda 7HL[HLUD��� XP� Guia politicamente incorreto da História da América Latina �1$5/2&+��7(,;(,5$��������TXH�LPHGLDWDPHQWH�DOFDQoRX�D�top list dos mais YHQGLGRV��1HVVD�FRQWLQXDomR��TXH�WHYH�WLUDJHP�LQLFLDO�GH�����PLO�H[HPSODUHV�� D� GXSOD� VH� SURS}H� D� ³FRQWDU� D� KLVWyULD� TXH� QmR� HVWi� QRV� OLYURV´� �1$5/2&+�� 7(,;(,5$�������� 3DUD� WDQWR�� QmR� REVWDQWH�� RV� DXWRUHV� SHVTXLVDUDP�PDLV� GH� FHP�WtWXORV��$�IyUPXOD�p�D�PHVPD��SURSRVWD�³GLGiWLFD �´�FDStWXORV�FRP�QRPHV�GH� personagens icônicos, anedotas e linguagem coloquial, destacando os tópicos 40 KLVW��KLVWRULRJU���RXUR�SUHWR��Q������DJRVWR��������S������� _________________________________________________________________________________-XUDQGLU�0DOHUED PDLV�³FDEHOXGRV´�GH�FDGD�SHUVRQDJHP��3RUpP��R�SUySULR�1DUORFK�QmR�HVFRQGH� VXDV�LQWHQo}HV�FRP�D�REUD��³2�OLYUR�IRL�GHVHQKDGR�SDUD�VHU�XP�best-seller. Se IRVVH�SDUD�QmR�JDQKDU�GLQKHLUR�FRP�HOH��HX�¿FDULD�HP�FDVD�MRJDQGR�YLGHRJDPH´ �&2/20%2�����D��� (Q¿P��R�JXLD� LQFRUUHWR�GD�$PpULFD�/DWLQD�UHSURGX]�GH� IRUPD�DPSOL¿FDGD� RV� SUHFRQFHLWRV� JHUDGRV�SHOD� LJQRUkQFLD� TXH� VHSDUD� RV� EUDVLOHLURV� GD�$PpULFD� KLVSkQLFD��FRQVLGHUDGD�FRPR�XP�PXQGR�KDELWDGR�SRU�FDXGLOKRV�VHOYDJHQV�RQGH� UHLQDYD�D�DQDUTXLD�SRSXODU��1mR�YDOH�D�SHQD�UHWRPDU�WDQWR�SUHFRQFHLWR��3DUD�TXHP� se propuser a pensar esse tipo de escritura histórica, creio que será mais oportuno focar na forma�±�GH�UHVWR��FRPHUFLDOPHQWH�PXLWR�EHP�VXFHGLGD�±�HPSUHJDGD�SHOR� DXWRU��TXH�PRQWRX�VHXV�JXLDV�QmR�FRPR�XPD�QDUUDWLYD�KLVWyULFD��PDV�FRPR�XP� mosaico de episódios contados em tom de chiste, de forma pilhérica, picaresca, HQ¿P��GH� IRUPD�DQHGyWLFD��FRQFHLWXDGD�FRPR�XPD�QDUUDWLYD�FRQFLVD��EDVHDGD� HP�XPD�HVWUXWXUD�GUDPiWLFD�GH�WUrV�DWRV�UHODWLYRV�j�VLWXDomR�RX�H[SRVLomR��R� HQFRQWUR�RX�FULVH�H�D�UHVROXomR��TXH�JXDUGD�D�OLomR�GH�PRUDO���e�SDUD�HVVD�IRUPD� que quero atentar. (VVH�WLSR�GH�QDUUDWLYD�GDTXLOR�TXH�RV�IUDQFHVHV�FKDPDP�faits divers e os ingleses, feature��D�SURSyVLWR��XPD�H[SUHVVmR�FRUUHQWH�QR�MDUJmR�MRUQDOtVWLFR�SDUD�GHVLJQDU�RV� DVVXQWRV�QmR�FDWHJRUL]iYHLV�QDV�HGLWRUDV�WUDGLFLRQDLV��UHPHWH��FRQFHLWXDOPHQWH��D� fatos desconectados de historicidade, cujo interesse reside em seu caráter inusitado, SLWRUHVFR��/LRQHO�*RVVPDQ�RIHUHFH�XPD�UHÀH[mR�HUXGLWD�H�SURIXQGD�GD�UHODomR�HQWUH� D�KLVWyULD��KLVWRULRJUD¿D��H�HVVH�WLSR�GH�PRGDOLGDGH�QDUUDWLYD�DQFRUDGD�QD�DQHGRWD�� 6HJXQGR�*RVVPDQ��R�WHUPR�³DQHGRWD´��RX�³HSLVyGLR´��HUD�H�p�XWLOL]DGR�SDUD�GHVFUHYHU� XPD�DPSOD�JDPD�GH�QDUUDWLYDV�FXMD�FDUDFWHUtVWLFD�GH¿QLGRUD�HVVHQFLDO�p�PHQRV�VXD� EUHYLGDGH��HPERUD�D�PDLRULD�HP�JHUDO�VHMD�EDVWDQWH�FXUWD��GR�TXH�D�VXD�IDOWD�GH� complexidade. Segundo o Oxford English Dictionary, uma anedota é a “narrativa de um incidente individual, ou de um único evento, narrado como sendo interessante e surpreendente por si só” (*2660$1�������S������H�VV.���7DO�GH¿QLomR�p�PXLWR� SUy[LPD�GD�FRQFHLWXDomR�IHLWD�SRU�5RODQG�%DUWKHV�GRV�faits divers FRPR�XPD�SHoD� LQIRUPDWLYD�TXH�VH�HVJRWD�HP�VL�PHVPD�� >���@�HOH�FRQWpP�WRGR�R�VHX�FRQKHFLPHQWR�GHQWUR�GH�VL�PHVPR��D�UHFHSomR� de um fait divers�QmR�UHTXHU�QHQKXP�FRQKHFLPHQWR�GR�PXQGR��Mi�TXH�HOH� VH�UHIHUH�IRUPDOPHQWH�D�QDGD�DOpP�GH�VL�PHVPR��GHVDVWUHV��DVVDVVLQDWRV�� sequestros, roubos e excentricidades, tudo se refere a seres humanos, a VXD�KLVWyULD��D�VXD�FRQGLomR�GH�DOLHQDomR��VXDV�IDQWDVLDV��%$57+(6������� S�������WUDGXomR�QRVVD���� (OH� FRQWpP� DV� VXDV� FLUFXQVWkQFLDV�� VXDV� FDXVDV�� VHX� SUySULR� SDVVDGR�� VHXV�GHVGREUDPHQWRV��(Q¿P��HOH�QmR�UHTXHU�QHQKXPD�GXUDomR�WHPSRUDO�QHP� FRQWH[WXDOL]DomR��$�DQHGRWD��R�fait divers��QmR�WHP�XP�¿P�FRJQLWLYR��PDV�PRUDO�� QmR�EXVFD�FRQKHFHU��PDV�TXHU�SUHJDU� ���1R�RULJLQDO��³>���@�LO�FRQWLHQW�HQ�VRL�WRXW�VRQ�VDYRLU��SRLQW�EHVRLQ�GH�FRQQDLWUH�ULHQ�GX�PRQGH�SRXU�FRQVRPPHU� XQ� IDLW� GLYHUV�� LO� QH� UHQYRLH� IRUPHOOHPHQW� D� ULHQ� G¶DXWUH� TX¶D� OXL�PHPH�� ELHQ� VXU�� VRQ� FRQWHQX� Q¶HVW� SDV� pWUDQJHU� DX�PRQGH�� GHVDVWUHV��PHXUWUHV�� HQOHYHPHQWV�� DJUHVVLRQV�� DFFLGHQWV�� YROV�� EL]DUUHULHV�� WRXW� FHOD� UHQYRLH�LO¶KRPPH�D�VRQ�KLVWRLUH��D�VRQ�DOLHQDWLRQ��D�VHV�IDQWDVPHV �´�9HU�WDPEpP�$/(1&$5�V�G� Rebeca Gontijo Teixeira 41 Acadêmicos na berlinda ou como cada um escreve a História?_________________________________________________________________________________ KLVW��KLVWRULRJU���RXUR�SUHWR��Q������DJRVWR��������S������� $OpP�GLVVR��R�WHUPR�³DQHGRWD´�IRL�DPSODPHQWH�XWLOL]DGR�QR�¿QDO�GR�VpFXOR� XVIII e início do século XIX para designar uma espécie de escrita histórica TXH�GHOLEHUDGDPHQWH�HYLWDYD�D�³QDUUDWLYL]DomR�HP�ODUJD�HVFDOD �´�GH�DFRUGR�FRP� D�SURSRVWD�FRQFHLWXDO�GH�+D\GHQ�:KLWH��(VVDV�KLVWyULDV�DQHGRWDV�SDUHFHP�VH� GH¿QLU�SRU�VXD�UHFXVD�RVWHQVLYD�j�VLVWHPDWL]DomR��j�WRWDOL]DomR�H�j�LQWHUSUHWDomR� H�SRU�VXDV�QDUUDo}HV�DSHQDV�GH�HSLVyGLRV�SDUWLFXODUHV��LVRODGRV��PXLWDV�YH]HV� numa ordem cronológica simples, como nos anais e crônicas da Idade Média. $LQGD�VHJXQGR�*RVVPDQ��R�XVR�PDLV�FRPXP�GH�DQHGRWDV�SRU�KLVWRULDGRUHV�QmR� parece ter sido especialmente subversivo. As anedotas geralmente funcionaram QD� HVFULWD� KLVWyULFD� QmR� FRPR� FDVRV� LQGLYLGXDLV� LQWULJDQWHV� RX� LQFRPXQV� D� TXHVWLRQDUHP� DV� QRo}HV� GH� RUGHP� KLVWyULFD�� PDV� FRPR� FDVRV� SDUWLFXODUHV� H[HPSOL¿FDQGR� H� FRQ¿UPDQGR� XPD� UHJUD� JHUDO� RX� WHQGrQFLD� RX� D� VHUYLU� GH� HStWRPH�D�XPD�VLWXDomR�JHUDO�PDLRU��*2660$1�������S������� Como magistra vitae, a história moderna em seus primórdios era muitas YH]HV�XPD�FROHomR�GH�HSLVyGLRV�TXH�H[HPSOL¿FDYDP�UHJUDV�JHUDLV�H�OLo}HV�GH� FRQGXWD� �&$752*$� ������� $VVLP�� DV� ³KLVWyULDV´� UHODFLRQDGDV� QD�Historische Chronica�GH�-��/��*RWWIULHG��SXEOLFDGD�SHOR�FpOHEUH�JUDYDGRU�0DWWKDHXV�0HULDQ� QD�GpFDGD�GH������� WLQKDP�D� LQWHQomR�GH�GHPRQVWUDU�TXH�R�YtFLR� p� VHPSUH� punido e a virtude, recompensada, da mesma forma que os exemplos nos livros GH� JUDPiWLFD� RIHUHFHP� LOXVWUDo}HV� SDUWLFXODUHV� GDV� UHJUDV� JHUDLV� TXH� UHJHP� GHFOLQDo}HV�QRPLQDLV�H�FRQMXJDo}HV�YHUEDLV��&RPR�UHVXOWDGR��QD�Chronica, as QDUUDWLYDV�SDUWLFXODUHV�HVWmR�UHODFLRQDGDV�XPDV�FRP�DV�RXWUDV�PXLWR�PDLV�HP� WHUPRV� GDV� YLUWXGHV� RX� YtFLRV� TXH� H[HPSOL¿FDP� GR� TXH� HP� WHUPRV� GH� XPD� FRQH[mR�KLVWyULFD� LQWHUQD�RX� UHODomR�HQWUH�HODV��$SHQDV�D�VXFHVVmR�GH�GDWDV� QDV�PDUJHQV�HVWDEHOHFH�XPD� IURX[D�FRQH[mR� WHPSRUDO�� DOJR�SDUHFLGR� FRP�D� FRQH[mR� TXH� +D\GHQ�:KLWH� FRQVLGHUD� FDUDFWHUtVWLFD� GRV� DQDLV�� � GLVWLQWD� GDV� KLVWyULDV�³QDUUDWLYL]DGDV �´�H�TXH�VHUYHP�WDPEpP��DR�PHVPR�WHPSR��FRPR�XP� VLQDO�GH�TXH�RV�HYHQWRV�QDUUDGRV�QmR�GHYHP�VHU�FRQVLGHUDGRV�FRPR�IiEXODV�� PDV�FRPR�WHQGR�UHDOPHQWH�DFRQWHFLGR��:+,7(������� Além disso, se elas deviam funcionar como exemplares, as estórias tinham de ser relativamente curtas, simples e facilmente inteligíveis, em termos de YDORUHV� WUDGLFLRQDLV��HP� IDYRU�GH�XPD�FRPSUHHQVmR�FRPSDUWLOKDGD�GRV�VHUHV�KXPDQRV� H� GR�PXQGR�� $� UHODomR� GD� SDUWH� ±� D� QDUUDWLYD� FXUWD� LQGLYLGXDO� RX� DQHGRWD� ±� FRP� R� WRGR� �D� KLVWyULD�� QHVVH� WLSR� GH� HVWyULD� SRGH� VHU� GHVFULWD� como alegórica. Cada episódio é um exemplo singular de uma regra geral que H[HPSOL¿FD�H�HQVLQD�YDORUHV�H�YLUWXGHV��*2660$1�������S������H�VV����2�TXH� LPSRUWD�QHODV�QmR�p�FRQWDU�RX�H[SOLFDU�D�KLVWyULD��PDV�LPSRU�XP�FRQMXQWR�GH� SUHFHLWRV�PRUDLV�D�SDUWLU�GR�TXH�VH�FRQVLGHUD��PRUDOPHQWH��FHUWR�H�HUUDGR��RX� �SROLWLFDPHQWH��FRUUHWR�RX�LQFRUUHWR��1DUORFK��SURYDYHOPHQWH�VHP�FRQVFLrQFLD� GLVVR��UHWRPD�XPD�PRGDOLGDGH�GH�HVFULWD�KLVWyULFD�DQWLJD��DQWHULRU�j�FRQVWUXomR� da história como ciência no século XIX, baseada na ecrita rápida, alegórica e QRUPDWLYD��JDULPSDQGR�QD�KLVWRULRJUD¿D�HSLVyGLRV�SLFDUHVFRV�TXH�FRUURERUHP� VXDV� SRVLo}HV� H� DWDTXHV� FRQVHUYDGRUHV�� SRUpP� LURQLFDPHQWH� WUDYHVWLGRV� GH� “politicamente incorretos”. 42 KLVW��KLVWRULRJU���RXUR�SUHWR��Q������DJRVWR��������S������� _________________________________________________________________________________-XUDQGLU�0DOHUED Conclusões 2�KLVWRULDGRU�QRUWH�DPHULFDQR�&ODXGH�%RZHUV�FRQVDJURX�VH�FRPR�XP�GRV� mais notáveis oradores de sua época. Ainda um estudante secundarista nos anos de 1890, quando a rinha retórica era mais importante que o basquete ou o futebol, ele foi considerado um dos melhores oradores, tendo vencido o ,QGLDQD�6WDWH�+LJK�6FKRRO�2UDWRULFDO� &RQWHVW� FRP� VHX� GLVFXUVR� ³+DPLOWRQ�� R� &RQVWUXWRU �´�$R�ORQJR�GD�YLGD��%RZHUV�QXWULX�XPD�HQRUPH�SDL[mR�SHOD�KLVWyULD� H�SHOR�JUDQGH�DGYHUViULR�GH�+DPLOWRQ��7KRPDV�-HϑHUVRQ��WHQGR�SXEOLFDGR�VREUH� ambos um estudo que se tornou um best-seller. 3RU�YROWD�GRV�DQRV�������%RZHUV� DQJDULDYD�D�UHSXWDomR�GH�XP�GRV�KLVWRULDGRUHV�PDLV�OLGRV�GD�$PpULFD��HPERUD� MDPDLV�WLYHVVH�VH�JUDGXDGR�QD�iUHD����QR�SHUtRGR�HQWUH�JXHUUDV��FRP�R�FOiVVLFR� The Tragic Era��TXH�WHYH�D�HVSDQWRVD�SULPHLUD�HGLomR�GH�����PLO�H[HPSODUHV� H� GR]H� UHHGLo}HV� FRQVHFXWLYDV� �.1,*+7� ������ 6(+/,1*(5� ������ *$55$7<�� 67(5167(,1�������%$17$�������%2:(56������� $�KLVWyULD�FRQWDGD�SRU�%RZHUV�PROGRX�DV�PHQWHV�H�FRUDo}HV�GRV�OHLWRUHV� QRUWH�DPHULFDQRV� GD� pSRFD� H� DOLFHUoRX� VXD� DWLYD�PLOLWkQFLD� SROtWLFD�� TXH� OKH� JDUDQWLX��HQWUH�RXWUDV�FRLVDV��VHU�R�FRQIHUHQFLVWD�SULQFLSDO�GD�FRQYHQomR�QDFLRQDO� GR�3DUWLGR�'HPRFUiWLFR�HP�������6(+/,1*(5��������0DV�Ki�XP�ODGR�VRPEULR� GHVVH�WLSR�GH�KLVWyULD�SRSXODU��GHVVD�KLVWyULD�TXH�DWLQJH�XP�JUDQGH�S~EOLFR��(VVD� REUD�FOiVVLFD�GH�%RZHUV��DWp�KRMH�UHHGLWDGD��IRL�FUXFLDO�SDUD�WRUQDU�PDVVLYDPHQWH� S~EOLFD�XPD�YHUVmR�UDFLVWD�GD�HUD�GD�5HFRQVWUXomR�DPHULFDQD��TXH�FRQFHELD�D� *XHUUD� GH� 6HFHVVmR� FRPR� XPD� DWURFLGDGH� SHUSHWUDGD� FRQWUD� R� 6XO� LQRFHQWH� pelos “emissários do ódio” nortistas, junto com os incompetentes, egoístas e OX[XULRVRV�DIUR�DPHULFDQRV�GR�6XO��%RZHUV�WLQKD�XP�SURSyVLWR�SDUWLGiULR�FODUR� em seu livro, ao buscar desacreditar o Partido Republicano no Sul do país e consolidar o apoio sulista ao Partido Democrata. )DODQGR� HP� historia magistra vitae, D� SDUiEROD� SRU� WUiV� GD� PHQomR� D� %RZHUV� WUD]�XPD�³PRUDO�GD�HVWyULD´�PXLWR�VpULD� UHODWLYD�j�FRPSOH[D�TXHVWmR� do historiador com o público, a qual envolve quem está falando, o que se está D�GL]HU��RV�ORFDLV�SHORV�TXDLV�D�PHQVDJHP�FLUFXOD�H�D�UHODomR�HQWUH�R�HPLVVRU� GD�PHQVDJHP��R�HVFULWRU��R�RUDGRU��H�R�S~EOLFR��4XDQGR�VH�SHQVD�D�GLPHQVmR� S~EOLFD�GD�KLVWyULD��p�SUHFLVR�FRQVLGHUDU�QmR�DSHQDV�D�PHQVDJHP�RX�R�ORFXWRU�� mas como diversas audiências recebem tal mensagem (526(1=:(,*�������S�� ���������/,'',1*721�������p������-25'$129$������� � 1mR�Ki�G~YLGDV�GH�TXH�HVWDPRV�j�EHLUD�GH�XP�FDPSR�PLQDGR��PDV�QmR� há como nem por que evitar entrar nele. Diante da impossibilidade de abordar ³WRGRV´�RV�WySLFRV�UHODWLYRV�j�GLVFXVVmR�VREUH�KLVWyULD�S~EOLFD��PHX�LQWXLWR�QHVWH� WH[WR�IRL�R�GH�IRFDU�XP�DVSHFWR�PXLWR�LPSRUWDQWH��TXDO�VHMD�R�GD�GLIXVmR�PDVVLYD� da história popular, construindo minha crítica por meio da análise formal de uma REUD�GHVVD�KLVWRULRJUD¿D��1HVVH�VHQWLGR��PDLV�TXH�HIHWLYDPHQWH�SURSRVLWLYR��HVWH� HQVDLR�p�XP�FRQYLWH�j�GLVFXVVmR��HP�FXMD�SDXWD�PH�SDUHFH�XUJHQWH�LQFOXtUHP� �VH��HQWUH�RXWURV��RV�VHJXLQWHV�SRQWRV� 1. $�HVFULWD�GD�KLVWyULD�QmR�p�H�QHP�SRGH�VHU�SUHUURJDWLYD��SURSULHGDGH� de quem quer que seja, mas há de se manter a crítica permanente do que se 43 Acadêmicos na berlinda ou como cada um escreve a História?_________________________________________________________________________________ KLVW��KLVWRULRJU���RXUR�SUHWR��Q������DJRVWR��������S������� YHLFXOD�FRPR�KLVWRULRJUD¿D��SRLV�VH�WUDWD�GD�IRUPDomR�GD�FRQVFLrQFLD�KLVWyULFD� GH�KRPHQV�H�PXOKHUHV� ��� SRU� FRQVHJXLQWH�� p� SUHFLVR� FRQVLGHUDU� D� KLVWyULD� SRSXODU�S~EOLFD� �TXH�DWLQJH�JUDQGHV�DXGLrQFLDV���YHLFXODGD�SRU�PHLR�GH�YDULDGDV�PtGLDV��OLYURV�� WHOHYLVmR��LQWHUQHW��FLQHPD��PXVHXV���XP�FDPSR�IXQGDPHQWDO�H�SHUPDQHQWH�GH� UHÀH[mR�D�H[LJLU�D�DWHQomR�SHUPDQHQWH�GRV�KLVWRULDGRUHV�DFDGrPLFRV� 3. Ki��VLP��GLIHUHQoDV�HVWUXWXUDLV�HQWUH�DV� IRUPDV�GH�DSUHVHQWDomR� �5h6(1�����D��OHLJDV��TXHU�H[FOXVLYDPHQWH�QDUUDWLYDV��TXHU�DQHGyWLFDV��H�DV� IRUPDV�GH�DSUHVHQWDomR�DFDGrPLFDV�>FRPSOH[DV��TXH�EXVFDP�ID]HU�VHQWLGR�GR� SDVVDGR�FRPR�KLVWyULD�SRU�PHLR�GD�LQWHOHFomR�H�GH�XP�FRQMXQWR�GH�SURWRFRORV� LQWHUVXEMHWLYDPHQWH�UHJXODGRV�SHOD�FUtWLFD��5h6(1�����������E�@� ��� SDUD� DOpP� GDV� TXHVW}HV� WHyULFDV� H� PHWRGROyJLFDV�� p� SUHFLVR� FRQVLGHUDU�XP�FRPSRQHQWH�pWLFR�TXH�GHYH�HVWDU�SUHVHQWH�QD�FRQVWLWXLomR�GDV� GXDV�SUiWLFDV�KLVWRULRJUi¿FDV� ��� é imperiosa a necessidade de os historiadores acadêmicos entrarem QHVVH�GHEDWH��LQFOXVLYH�SRU�FXLGDGR�SDUD�FRP�R�HQVLQR�H�DV�SUiWLFDV�GLGiWLFDV� 6. é imperiosa a necessidade de os historiadores acadêmicos DVVXPLUHP�D�LPSRUWkQFLD�GD�GLPHQVmR�S~EOLFD�GH�VXD�DWLYLGDGH��XOWUDSDVVDQGR� RV�PXURV�GD�DFDGHPLD�SDUD�FDGD�YH]�PDLV�WRPDU�SDUWH��FRPR�HVSHFLDOLVWDV��QRV� GHEDWHV�GH�LQWHUHVVH�S~EOLFR� 7. 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