EXP_0022

Prévia do material em texto

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If you entered a purchase order to procure a material, you have to reference the purchase order when you enter the goods receipt. The system can check, for example, whether the material delivered is the same as the material ordered, whether the order quantity matches the goods receipt quantity or whether the shelf life is still guaranteed for highly perishable goods (when the shelf life expiration date check is active for the relevant material).
The purchase order history for a purchasing document item is also updated when a goods receipt is posted with reference to a purchase order. This allows the buyer to send the vendor a reminder about outstanding deliveries, for example. 
Several goods receipt items can be entered for a purchase order item in one operation. This is advisable if, for example, the material is delivered in batches or is distributed among several storage locations. You enter the goods receipt data in a single material document.
If the delivery note accompanying the goods receipt does not contain a purchase order number, you can use the material number or the vendor number to search for the corresponding purchase order number.
You can print a goods receipt slip when entering the goods receipt.
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The movement type is a three-digit key used to differentiate between goods movements in the R/3 System. Examples of these goods movements are goods receipts, goods issues or transfer postings.
The movement type has important control functions in Inventory Management. It plays a central role in automatic account determination in the R/3 System. Together with other influencing factors, the movement type determines which stock or consumption accounts are updated in Financial Accounting. The movement type also determines the format of the screen when you enter documents and how the quantity fields are updated.
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The document principle also applies in IT-based Inventory Management. A document is proof that a transaction involving stock changes has taken place. It is stored in the system.
A material document is created in the R/3 System as proof of a transaction involving stock changes.
If the goods movement is relevant to valuation, the system creates at least one accounting document in addition to the material document.
Goods movements (goods receipts, goods issues, or transfer postings) are relevant to valuation when your company's Accounting department is affected by them. For example, a goods receipt posting of a raw material usually results in an increase in the stock value of your current assets. If the raw material is only transferred within one plant, no postings are made in Financial Accounting.
As soon as a goods movement is posted, the quantities, material, movement type, and organizational level can no longer be changed. You can only make changes to some text fields. If you want to correct errors, you have to create a new document. You have to cancel/reverse the incorrect document beforehand.
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This example applies to the procurement of stock materials and assumes that the material delivered is valuated with the purchase order price in the goods receipt (You will receive more detailed information about material valuation in the next unit of this course). 
Entering the goods receipt increases the stock quantity in the material master record. The stock value of the material increases by the purchase order price multiplied by the goods receipt quantity.
The goods receipt creates a debit posting to the stock account established by the automatic account determination. The system determines the amount from the purchase order price of the item and the goods receipt quantity. Since the vendor invoice is not usually available at goods receipt, but the material becomes valuated stock in your plant at this point, provisions are created in a GR/IR clearing account (GR: goods receipt, IR: invoice receipt) until the vendor invoice is posted. This creates the liability to the vendor that is expected at invoice receipt. 
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The diagram once again shows an overview of all the key effects of a goods receipt referencing a purchase order.
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Example: One Storage Location per Plant in One Warehouse Number.
In this example, each warehouse is assigned directly to one storage location and one plant. 
In each warehouse, the various storage areas are represented by storage types.
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In Inventory Management, there are three stock types that indicate a material’s usability. If batch status management is active, the system supports another stock type; restricted-use stock.
Unrestricted-use stock:
A company’s own stock that is physically located in the warehouse, is valuated, and is not subject to any restrictions on usage.
Quality inspection stock:
A company’s own stock that is in quality inspection. Quality inspection stock is valuated, but is not for unrestricted use. 
Blocked stock:
A company’s own stock that is not to be used. It is not for unrestricted use in Inventory Management and may be configured as not available for Materials Planning.
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You can only post withdrawals for consumption from unrestricted-use stock. From quality inspection stock and blocked stock, you can only withdraw a sample, scrap a quantity, or post an inventory difference.
If you want to withdraw goods from blocked stock or quality inspection stock, you have to carry out a transfer posting into unrestricted-use stock first. This also applies to stock transfers.
When you carry out a transfer posting, the stock type, batch number, or material number is changed. A transfer posting may also involve an actual physical stock transfer.
The system creates a material document so that the transaction can be entered. The system only creates accounting documents if a change in valuation is involved (for example, stock transfer from plant to plant).
You use the movement type to control the stock types involved in the transfer.
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