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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Lesson 5 - Exposition
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Class content:
The characteristics of the expository text.
The structure of the expository text.
The importance of punctuation as an element of cohesion and coherence.
 
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
A pedagogical term for any form of writing that conveys information and explains ideas: exposition. As one of the four traditional modes of discourse, expository writing may include elements of narration, description, and argumentation, but unlike creative writing or persuasive writing, its primary goal is to deliver information about an issue, subject, method, or idea.
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The two basic types of texts are narrative and expository.  The main purpose of narrative text is to tell a story.  Narrative text has beginning, middle and end, characters, plot or conflict, and setting.  Usually, narrative texts are written from the authors imagination.   The main purpose of expository text is to inform or describe.  Authors who write expository texts research the topic to gain information.  The information is organized in a logical and interesting manner using various expository text structures.  The most common expository text structures include description, enumerative or listing, sequence, comparison and contrast, cause and effect and problem and solution.  
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Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Descriptive:  This includes main idea and detail such as the following
    "..... in my walk I Killed a Buck Goat of this Countrey, about the hight of the Grown Deer, its body Shorter the Horns which is not very hard and forks 2/3 up one prong Short the other round & Sharp arched, and is imediately above its Eyes the Colour is a light gray with black behind its ears down its neck, and its face white round its neck, its Sides and rump round its tail which is Short & white: Verry actively made, has only a pair of hoofs to each foot, his brains on the back of his head, his Norstrals large, his eyes like a Sheep he is more like the Antilope orGazella of Africa than any other Species of Goat."   
 Lewis and Clark As Naturalists
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Enumerative/listing:  This includes listing connected information, outlining a series of steps, or placing ideas in a hierarchy, such as the following:  
"..... in my walk I Killed a Buck Goat of this Countrey, about the hight of the Grown Deer, its body Shorter the Horns which is not very hard and forks 2/3 up one prong Short the other round & Sharp arched, and is imediately above its Eyes the Colour is a light gray with black behind its ears down its neck, and its face white round its neck, its Sides and rump round its tail which is Short & white: Verry actively made, has only a pair of hoofs to each foot, his brains on the back of his head, his Norstrals large, his eyes like a Sheep he is more like the Antilope orGazella of Africa than any other Species of Goat."   
 Lewis and Clark As Naturalists 
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Signal / Cue Words
The following 
then    addition     well  
 Also In    
Furthermore a
finally  some
few       likewise
Besides several many
another  as
               
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Enumerative/listing:  This includes listing connected information, outlining a series of steps, or placing ideas in a hierarchy, such as the following:  
By early 1803 Lewis was in Philadelphia. He took crash courses in medicine, botany, zoology, and celestial observation. He studied maps and journals of traders and trappers who had already reached as far up the Missouri River as the Mandan villages in North Dakota. By the time he left Washington he knew as much about the West, and what to do when he got there, as any man inAmerica.  
 
 Lewis and Clark:  Preparations
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Sequence: 
This includes a series of events leading up to a conclusion, or the sequence of occurrences related to a particular happening.  Note that the events can be separated in years as in a historical time line; or in a series of actions taking only a few seconds, hours, days.  Such is the example below.  Both enumerative and sequential text organization is basic to completing a set of directions to perform a task either in a laboratory of work setting. 
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Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The quality of Lewis's surviving plant specimens is amazing, considering their age and the difficult conditions on the trail.   Preparing and preserving plants is a time-consuming and demanding process.  A specimen has to be spread out properly, then  pressed between two sheets of blotting paper.  The paper soaks up the moisture from the specimen, drying it out.  The specimen  must be removed, aired, and placed between fresh sheets until it is completely dry, so it won't rot.  There were times when   Lewis had to deal with a large number of plants all at once.  While he stayed with the Nez Prece Indians, for example, he had  between thirty and fifty specimens to tend to every day.  
Plants on the Trail with Lewis and Clark, Dorothy Hinshaw Patent Page 22-23.
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Signal / Cue Words
first                   next
second             until
third                 while
last                   soon
then                  after
at that time        now
during             immediately
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Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Comparison/Contrast: This involves describing how two or more events, places, characters, or other ideas are similar and .or different in several ways.  Comparing several habitats or eco-systems is one example of this type.
 
In temperament Lewis and Clark were opposites. Lewis was introverted, melancholic, and moody; Clark, extroverted, even-tempered and gregarious. The better educated and more refined Lewis, who possessed a philosophical, romantic and speculative mind, was at home with abstract ideas; Clark, of a pragmatic mold, was more of a practical man of action. Each supplied vital qualities which balanced their partnership.  
 Biography of Lewis and Clark  
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Signal / Cue Words
however          even though
but                  on the contrary
yet                  otherwise
despite            in comparison
still                 on the other hand
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Cause/Effect:  This may involve several reasons why an event occurred, or several effects from on cause, and of course, as single cause/effects situation.
Captain Clarke and some of our men in a periogue went ashore with them; but the Indians did not seem disposed to permit  their return They said they were poor and wished to keep theperiogue with them. Captain Clarke insisted on coming to the boat; but they refused to let him, and said they had soldiers as well as he had. He told them his soldiers were good, and that he  had more medicine on board his boat than would kill twenty such nations in one day. After this
they did not threaten any more,  and said they only wanted us to stop at their lodge, that the women and children might see the boat.  
 The Journals:  September 25,1804, Patrick Gass
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Signal / Cue Words
 
for this reason   thus
in order to        as a result
because            consequently
so that              on account of
therefore           accordingly
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Problem and Solution:  Authors use this technique to identify the problem, give possible solutions with possible results and finally, the solution that was chosen.
 
On June second they arrived at a major fork in the river, in north-central Montana, an estimated 465 river miles upstream from the mouth of the Yellowstone. It shouldn't have been there. No Indian informant had mentioned it. There was not even a hint of it from anybody. Yet it posed the most significant geographical question of the entire Expedition. Which of these rivers was the Missouri?  The issue was fraught with danger. They needed to reach the Rockies, find the Shoshoni Indians, get some horses, portage to the head of theColumbia, and reach the Pacific before winter closed in.  that it might defeat the expedition altogether." 
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
To choose the wrong route would consume twice the time it would take to correct the mistake, and would, Lewis declared, not only lose them the whole of the present travel season, but "would probably so dishearten the party
Signal / Cue Words
 
for this reason   thus
in order to        as a result
because            consequently
so that              on account of
therefore           accordingly
The Truth about Sacajawea, Keneth Thomasma
If he is unable to secure horses and a guide, Captain Lewis knows he may have to turn back.  Page 54 - 60
 
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Problem and Solution:  Authors use this technique to identify the problem, give possible solutions with possible results and finally, the solution that was chosen. 
On June second they arrived at a major fork in the river, in north-central Montana, an estimated 465 river miles upstream from the mouth of the Yellowstone. It shouldn't have been there. No Indian informant had mentioned it. There was not even a hint of it from anybody. Yet it posed the most significant geographical question of the entire Expedition. Which of these rivers was the Missouri?  The issue was fraught with danger. They needed to reach the Rockies, find the Shoshoni Indians, get some horses, portage to the head of theColumbia, and reach the Pacific before winter closed in. 
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
To choose the wrong route would consume twice the time it would take to correct the mistake, and would, Lewis declared, not only lose them the whole of the present travel season, but "would probably so dishearten the party that it might defeat the expedition altogether."
Signal / Cue Words
   
problem solution because cause since as a result so that
 
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Where can I find expository texts?
Textbooks, Encyclopedias, Scientific Books/Magazines, directions, Guides, Biographies, Newspapers, Non-Fiction Books
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Punctuation functions
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Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Punctuation functions
Whereas Bernárdez (1982) does not mention punctuation among the factors of cohesion and coherence, Kirkman (1992) comments extensively on it as a source of ambiguity and dwells on the consequences of omission or faulty collocation of hyphens and commas. Like Quirk et al. (1985), he distinguishes two main functions: the marking of lexical, grammatical and rhetorical items, and the mitigation of sentence or paragraph length (and hence complexity). That is, punctuation basically acts as a beacon and a rhythm regulator. 
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Quirk et al. expand the notion of punctuation as a beaconing element to linguistic functions (contractions, genitives, etc.) and detail the nature of the items (units) to be marked out: successive units (those bearing an internal relationship with the text, no matter whether parenthetical or not), (…)”
http://www.aelfe.org/documents/text4-Sancho.pdf
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 5 - Exposition
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Reading suggestion:
http://www.grammarbook.com/english_rules.asp
GOOD BYE!!!
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