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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Class content:
The expository writing
The specificities of Gender Summary.
Argumentative techniques
 
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Raymond R. Camp in The Young Sportsman's Guide To Canoeing An important technique to learn first is how to enter the canoe. This craft, with the stern resting on the shore, and the bow in the water, is in its most unstable position. The stern paddler first steadies the canoe. He places one foot on either side of the stern, pressing with his knees to hold it firmly. Then he grabs either gunwale (i.e. top edge of a canoe) with his hands, approximately eighteen inches forward. The bow paddler then steps to the center of the canoe just forward of the stern seat with one foot, then moves forward, bent at right angles from the waist. Sliding his hands forward on either gunwale, he moves to the bow seat. His hands do not leavethe gunwales until he is seated. He then sits immovable while the stern paddler places one foot into the canoe just
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
forward of of his seat, grasps the gunwales, and thrusts the canoe gently out into the water with the other leg. With the canoe in motion he brings his other leg into the canoe. If this seems time-consuming and silly to you, watcch a pair of northwoods voyageurs who have spent their lives in a canoe. You will find that they follow this procedure automatically, not because the book says so, but because they have learned through experience that this is the easiest and safest method.
 
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
EXPOSITORY WRITING
Expository writing is a type of writing that is used to explain, describe, give information, or inform.  The text is organized around one topic and developed according to a pattern or combination of patterns.  The writer of an expository text cannot assume that the reader or listener has prior knowledge or prior understanding of the topic that is being discussed.  Since clarity requires strong organization, one of the most important mechanisms to improve skills in exposition is to improve the organization of the text.  The patterns shown below are frequently used to create an expository essay.  Additionally, more than one pattern may be used within an expository essay. 
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Modal verbs (must, will, would, should, may, can, could, might, must) precede another verb. Modals do not have subject-verb agreement or take the infinitive “to” before the next verb. Modals can also serve a social function to show uncertainty or politeness. They are especially common in discussion sections of research papers.
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Logical possibility: expresses a degree of probability
Before: This is the fastest way to drive to Westwood. After: This might be the fastest way to drive to Westwood.
Ability: shows capability
Before: Riding the bus avoids traffic. After: Riding the bus can avoid traffic.
Necessity: expresses directness in attitude
Before: Wash your hands before preparing food. After: You must wash your hands before preparing food.
Permission: shows politeness
Before: I am going to your office hours. After: Can I go to your office hours?
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LETTER
FORMAL
INFORMAL
a written or printed communication addressed to a person or organization and usually transmitted by mail.
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
WORD FORMATIONS - it is the creation of a new word. Word formation is sometimes contrasted with semantic change, which is a change in a single word's meaning. The boundary between word formation and semantic change can be difficult to define.
PREFIXES AND SUFIXES – these are sets of letters that are added to the beginning or end of another word. They are not words in their own right and cannot stand on their own in a sentence: if they are printed on their own they have a hyphen before or after them. 
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
A Summary of the Short Story "Miss Brill" by Katherine Mansfield "'Miss Brill is the story of an old woman told brilliantly and realistically, balancing thoughts and emotions that sustain her late solitary life amidst all the bustle of modern life. Miss Brill is a regular visitor on Sundays to the Jardins Publiques (the Public Gardens) of a small French suburb where she sits and watches all sorts of people come and go. She listens to the band playing, loves to watch people and guess what keeps them going and enjoys contemplating the world as a great stage upon which actors perform. She finds herself to be another actor among the so many she sees, or at least herself as 'part of the performance after all.' 
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"One Sunday Miss Brill puts on her fur and goes to the Public Gardens as usual. The evening ends with her sudden realization that she is old and lonely, a realization brought to her by a conversation she overhears between a boy and a girl presumably lovers, who comment on her unwelcome presence in their vicinity. Miss Brill is sad and depressed as she returns home, not stopping by as usual to buy her Sunday delicacy, a slice of honey-cake. She retires to her dark room, puts the fur back into the box and imagines that she has heard something cry." (K. Narayana Chandran, Texts and Their Worlds II. Foundation Books, 2005)
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Executive Summary
Every time a business or consumer purchases products or services they display forms of buyer behaviour that are influenced by many factors. The following report looks at the fast food industry and will analyse four McDonalds’ key products and services. It highlights what type of consumer buying or business buying behaviours are displayed in the purchase of a product or service and explains why each behaviour may occur. This enables a conclusion to be drawn from applying theory to reality. Although a full comprehension of buying behaviour is impossible, since everyone is an individual, it is useful to reflect on common behaviours and attempt to divide behaviours in types and stages. Even McDonalds, a leader in marketing cannot always predict consumer behaviour.
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Writing a Summary    
A summary is a short explanation of the main ideas in a text. Learning to summarize is a very important skill. When writing and responding to a text (essay, article, lecture, story, novel, or video), as you are often expected to do in college, you will be expected to summarize what you read, often in the introduction of each essay you write. It takes a careful reading of a text to write a good summary, and writing a good summary will illustrate your level of comprehension of a text.
When you write a summary, you are answering the question, “What was the essay (or article, or lecture, or story, or video) really about?” Summaries vary in length depending upon the purpose of the summary and/or scope of the specific assignment given. A general summary differs from a detailed summary in that fewer supporting details are stated. 
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Summary Dos and Don'ts
A good summary:
Reports the overall topic right away 
Begins with the name of the essay and the author
Is written in presenttense
Gives the main points covered in the text
Includes supporting details as needed depending upon the length and depth of the summary desired
Mentions any important conclusions drawn
Uses language that shows the information is being reported on rather than being provided by the writer himself or herself
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
QUALITIES OF A SUMMARY
A good summary should be comprehensive, concise, coherent, and independent. These qualities are explained below:
1. A summary must be comprehensive. You should isolate all the important points in the original passage and
note them down in a list. Review all the ideas on your list, and include in your summary all the ones that
are indispensable to the author's development of his/her thesis or main idea.
2. A summary must be concise. Eliminate repetitions in your list, even if the author restates the same points.
Your summary should be considerably shorter than the source. You are hoping to create an overview;
therefore, you need not include every repetition of a point or every supporting detail.
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
3. A summary must be coherent. It should make sense as a piece of writing in its own right; it should not
merely be taken directly from your list of notes or sound like a disjointed collection of points. 
4. A summary must be independent. You are not being asked to imitate the author of the text you are writing
about. On the contrary, you areexpected to maintain your own voicethroughout the summary. Don't
simply quote the author; instead use your ownwords to express your understanding of what you have
read. After all, your summary is based on your interpretation of thewriter's points or ideas. However,
you should be careful not to create any misrepresentation or distortion by introducing comments or
criticisms of your own.
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Sample argumentative essay: A University in Every Town
The Turkish government is planning to open 15 new universities in developing provinces of Turkey. This is  a response to pressure coming from local MPs who in turn voice the demands of their constituencies. However, while the already existing 85 universities are wrestling with financial and academic difficulties, it does not seem to be a good idea to add new universities to the system of higher education.
First of all, the new universities will experience staffing problems. That is, they will have difficulty finding  faculty that is qualified to teach in these budding universities. In our country the number of academicians who meet the academic requirements is limited. New universities will have two choices: either to draw from the existing pool or to employ under qualified people. To attract those instructors from other
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universities they will have to offer attractive incentives . However, since these will be state universities they will not have the necessary funds and most academics will be unwilling to go to small town universities where academic and life standards are below par. The only venue open to these universities will be to employ local professionals or under qualified instructors. The inevitable result will follow: a drop in the quality of education.
In addition to recruitment problems, small town universities will have financial difficulties. The funds allocated to them by the state will not be enough to build from scratch all the facilities that make a university a "real university". A university is more than a few classrooms. Students will need dorms, gyms, cafeterias, sports facilities, labs and computers for their academic and social development. How many new
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universities can claim to have only a few of these facilities on their campuses? The result will be a small town "university" which consists of a sole building that houses classrooms and offices, and nothing more.
It is argued that the establishment of a university in a developing town will contribute to the development of local culture, community and  economy. However, if a university is wrestling with staff recruitment problems, or if it cannot solve its financial difficulties it means that it cannot be of any help to the local community or economy either. It will only employ a few locals, provide substandard education to a few local youth, and it will not fulfill the the aim for which it was initially established.
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Universities are institutions of higher education and they need to provide education to satisfy certain standards. In order to provide such quality education they need to have  qualified teachers and must  provide minimum social and academic facilities. Since  funds are limited, we should raise the standard of our existing universities first. Only after that, should we invest in establishing new ones.
 
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INTRODUCTION
PARAGRAPH 1/LINE 1 – From “Violence in its very (…) to (…) have to “knuckle under” him.(…)”
THESIS
PARAGRAPH 1/LINE 11 – In other words male violence against women is a characteristic of men, who were abused or neglected in their childhood (Bancroft, 2003).
ARGUMENTS
FROM PARAGRAPH 2 ON!!!!!!!
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ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT
STRUCTURE
ARGUMENTS
PROBLEM
THESIS
INTR.
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The main characteristics of the argumentative text:
A clear, concise, and defined THESIS statement that occurs in the first paragraph of the text. 
Clear and logical transitions between the introduction, body, and conclusion. 
Body paragraphs that include evidential support.
Evidential support (whether factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal). 
A conclusion that does not simply restate the thesis, but readdresses it in light of the evidence provided.
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STRATEGY: MOVE A RESPONSE A RESPONSE TO THE RESPONSE
ARGUMENTATION = PLAYING CHESS
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What is a thesis, anyway?
 The head of an argumentative composition or argumentative essay, thesis, or claim, is the proposition stated or put forward for consideration, especially to  be discussed and  proved or  to be maintained against  objections.
An argumentative or persuasive piece of writing must begin with a debatable thesis or claim. In other words, the thesis must be something that people could reasonably have differing opinions on. If your thesis is something that is generally agreed upon or accepted as fact then there is no reason to try to persuade people. 
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What is an argument? In academic writing, an argument is usually a main idea, often called a “claim” or “thesis statement,” backed up with evidence that supports the idea. In the majority of college papers, you will need to make some sort of claim and use evidence to support it, and your ability to do this well will separate your work from those of students who see assignments as mere accumulations of fact and detail. In other words, gone are the happy days of being given a “topic” about which you can write anything. It is time to stake out a position and prove why it is a good position for a thinking person to hold. 
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
To write an argumentative text,use the following steps to help you:
1. Begin by introducing the debate topic in your own words.
2. Then write if you agree or disagree with the argument
3. Tell people why you hold that opinion and come up with ideas and examples to back up your arguments. Try to put these ideas in an order with the most important ideas first and links between each idea so that the essay flows well.
4. Think about why people might have a different opinion (objections) and try to show why they are not important or they are not true.
5. Conclude with a brief summary and try to make a strong last.
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
SUCCESS?
Planning is the best technique!!!
Quickplanning 
Check the power of your thesis 
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
What counts in an argumentative text is the writer's ability to create a sense of interior debate, of allowing other voices their say, and maintaining equilibrium among those voices. It's a matter of fairness and reasonableness in order to achieve convergence of thinking.
LOGIC AND FLUID TEXT - CAREFUL TRANSITIONS
DISCOURSE MARKERS
CONNECTORS
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Fallacies - A fallacy is, very generally, an error in reasoning. This differs from a factual error, which is simply being wrong about the facts. To be more specific, a fallacy is an "argument" in which the premises given for the conclusion do not provide the needed degree of support. A deductive fallacy is a deductive argument that is invalid (it is such that it could have all true premises and still have a false conclusion). An inductive fallacy is less formal than a deductive fallacy. They are simply "arguments" which appear to be inductive arguments, but the premises do not provided enough support for the conclusion. In such cases, even if the premises were true, the conclusion would not be more likely to be true
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SUCCESS????
PLANN … ALWYAS
BE LOYAL TO YOUR OPINION
THINK FOR OTHERS
BE ALWAYS A STEP AHEAD
BE ELEGANT
VARY YOUR TECHNICQUES
BE LOGICAL
BE CONSCIOUS OF WHAT YOU ARE DOING!
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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