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SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA:ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Aula 04: Research – part I
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Recogonize what research is;
Qualitative and quantitative research;
Check how a research is done.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
a question, problem or hypothesis;
data;
analysis or interpretation of data.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
In order to avoid confusion, the author presents some features that distinguish serious, competent research, conducted by professionals aiming at providing better explanation of phenomena, from other types of enquiries, such as the simple search for information. These are:
1– Careful formulation of the questions to be investigated;
 
2 – Careful exploration of the best means of investigation for the particular question being addressed;
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
3 – Consideration of the major previous attempts to explore the same and closely related questions;
 
4 – Explicit accounts of the process of question formulation, the criteria for selection of the research techniques, and the reasons for the questions being felt to be important in the first place;
 
5 – Full documentation of the procedures used, the means by which information has been gathered, and the methods of interpretation and analysis which have been adopted;
 
6 – Explicit acknowledgement of all previous work which has contributed to the research;
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
7– Specific interpretation of the data collected, to assess its usefulness in relation to the initial research questions;
 
8– Evaluation of the extent to which the project has achieved its aims, together with an account of the ways in which the process of research has led to changes in the initial formulations of the questions;
 
9– A willingness to publicize the research.
 
 (Brumfit, 2001 p 145,146)
 Therefore, we can conclude that research must be public, systematic and useful. 
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
WAYS OF DOING RESEARCH
 Research can be carried out in many different ways; however there are two main approaches:
Qualitative research → It is a subjective method of enquiry concerned with gathering understanding of human behavior from the actor’s own frame of reference. It investigates data naturalistically and uncontrolled and focuses more on the ‘why’ and ‘how’ instead of only on the ‘what’, ‘where’ and ‘when’. It is process oriented.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Quantitative research → It is an objective method of enquiry concerned with the systematic empirical investigation of social phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. It is outcome oriented.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
 Other differences between these two approaches are: 
 
according to Brumfit (2001)
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
“If we are examining something that can be objectively described (either numerically, or by explicit and economical records of other kinds), there is no sense in not making use of such data. On the other hand, if the questions we are interested in cannot be quantified simply, we should not avoid them solely on those grounds… As long as objectivity is achieved where that is possible, the research will be valuable.”
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
 Also, depending on the type of research that is being carried out, qualitative and quantity research can be combined. The advantages of combining these two approaches might include:
research development;
confirmation of results;
complementarities.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
LANGUAGE CLASSROOM RESEARCH
 Doing research and teaching are two very different things. Doing research involves contemplation, while teaching involves action. Even though it is not easy to combine both practices, it is certainly very rewarding for those who do. When the teacher is able to distance him/herself from the classroom experience in order to reflect upon and understand the teaching / learning process, what it is to be a teacher, etc. s/he becomes a more mature professional and will be able to improve his/her teaching environment.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Studies of language learning based on the observed performance of individuals in typical classes;
Comparisons of learners’ language experiences inside and outside the classroom setting;
Analyses of the relationship between theoretical ideas, teaching materials and syllabuses, and classroom practices;
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Analyses of different teaching styles, relating to factors such as materials used, types of learner, size of class, etc.;
Analyses of the beliefs of teachers about their practices and needs, related to actual classroom practice;
Analyses of the beliefs of learners about their practices and needs, related to their degree of success;
Case studies of classrooms in particular contexts, attempting to draw upon and synthesize elements of all the above.
 (Brumfit, 2001: 151,152)
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
WHY SHOULD RESEARCH INTEREST LANGUAGE TEACHERS?
 Language teachers might also benefit from the research of others. However, they should seek relevant data carefully. Nunan (2007) suggests that,
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
“ If teachers are to benefit from the research of others, and if they are to contextualize research outcomes against the reality of their own classrooms, they need to be able to read the research reports of others in an informed and critical way. Unfortunately, published research is all too often presented in neat, unproblematic packages, and critical skills are needed to get beneath the surface and evaluate the reliability and validity of research outcomes.” 
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
DOING RESEARCH
 Now we are finally going to talk about the practical procedures to be followed when planning, conducting, and evaluating a research project. Surely, there are many aspects to be taken into consideration, such as the size and complexity of projects. However, most types of investigation can benefitfrom the following procedures, which are:
developing a research question;
conducting a literature review;
implementing the research project;
presenting the research.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH QUESTION
According to Nunan (2007), we need to ask the right kind of questions. In order to find out if the questions are right, it is important to note whether they are:
worth asking in the first place;
capable of being answered.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Conducting a literature review 
 The literature review is an essential part of the project because it not only provides background information on the research question, but it also identifies what others have said about it. The literature review should be carried out systematically in order to acquaint you with previous work in the field.
Implementing the research question
 
 In order to avoid threats to the reliability and validity of the research, practitioners should try to anticipate the practical problems likely to be encountered along the way, and also, potential solutions to them.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Presenting the research
 
 Finally, it is time to make your work public. There are several ways of presenting the results of your work such as: presentations at conferences, theses, academic articles, or monographs, among others.
 Writing up the results of a research might not be very easy in the beginning, but the process can be facilitated if you have a clear idea of who your audience is. You can also count on the help of a more experienced researcher in the beginning. 
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Get the Image!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FPvQQQCUT8&list=PLCEC64ACF3A32C524
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
RESUMINDO:
Reconheceu o que é pesquisa.
Relacionou pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa. 
Verificou como é feita uma pesquisa   Resumindo.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
Aula 04: Research – part I
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
BONS ESTUDOS E ATÉ A PRÓXIMA AULA!
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos