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LITERATURA INGLESA II
REVIEW 2
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REVIEW 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Class content:
Main aspects of Modernism and .Post Modernism.
Contemporary literature.
Tema da Apresentação
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
MODERNISM
a set of cultural tendencies and movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
term used to talk about a series of different movements and tendencies (impressionism, expressionism, imagism, futurism, dadaism, surrealism...) that tried to break with old tradition and the realistic concept of art.
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
MODERNISM
Psychoanalysis, Darwinism, Nietzche and Marxism
World War I and the skeptical spirit
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
Artists were looking for a new form of expression, in literature writers were trying to experiment and find a new vocabulary and new techniques. Poets dislocated grammar and punctuation looking for new images and ways of expression, and novelists experimented with new points of view and a different conception of time and plot to try to reflect the hidden consciousness of the characters. The term ‘HIGH MODERNISM’ is sometimes used to describe a group of writers particularly interested in this formal revolution 
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
FORMAL INNOVATIONS introduced by these writers:
In poetry, the concept of ‘image’ (Imagism): the writer’s response to a visual object or scene.
Obscurity, opacity. The reader is required to make an effort to understand the works. In Eliot’s and Pound’s poetry, for example, there are all kinds of cultural references the reader must work hard to understand.
Time is not presented in chronological order. Flashbacks and flash-forwards are used instead.
Fragmented plots, sometimes without a beginning or an end are also frequent.
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Disappearance of the traditional omniscient narrator in the novel. In their search for different ways to represent reality, they replaced this narrator by partial points of view or by interior monologues or soliloquies that try to reproduce the ‘stream of consciousness’ of the characters.
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
Modernist fiction became extremely interested in characters’ psychology and the concept of ‘stream of consciousness’ that psychologist. This term refers to the thoughts, memories and feelings that exist in our mind in what he called the Pre-Speech level. They are not censored, rationally controlled or logically ordered. Modernist writers tried to show the hidden aspects of a character’s personality through the representation of this level of consciousness:
Description: the narrator describes with his/her own language the hidden thoughts of a character.
Interior Monologue: reproduction of these thoughts Soliloquy: Its purpose is not only to communicate psychic identity (like the interior monologue), but also to advance the plot. It communicates ideas and emotions which are related to plot and action.
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
VIRGINIA WOOLF
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ALDOUS HUXLEY
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“Be still when you have nothing to say; when genuine passion moves you, say what you've got to say, and say it hot.”
  
“The only justice is to follow the sincere intuition of the soul, angry or gentle. Anger is just, and pity is just, but judgement is never just.”   
D.H. LAWRENCE
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
“Poetry, even when apparently most fantastic, is always a revolt against artifice, a revolt, in a sense, against actuality.”   
“My mouth is full of decayed teeth and my soul of decayed ambitions.”  
JAMES JOYCE
(1882–1904)
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
“Big Brother is watching you.” 
George Orwell (1903-1950)
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POST MODERNISM
a reaction to the assumed certainty of scientific, or objective, efforts to explain reality. In essence, it stems from a recognition that reality is not simply mirrored in human understanding of it, but rather, is constructed as the mind tries to understand its own particular and personal reality.
an attempt to establish transhistorical or transcultural validity, it claims that search for reality is pointless, as the "real" is conditioned by time, place, race, class, gender, and sexuality. There is no knowledge or experience that is superior or inferior to another.
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
Common features and techniques of Post-modernism:
Irony, playfulness, black humor: 
Intertextuality: 
Metafiction: 
Temporal distortion: 
Magic realism 
Paranoia 
Maximalism 
Minimalism 
Technoculture and hyperreality
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PERSPECTIVES
 
Individuality and Identity 
All artists and viewers are different with their own perspective.
Cultural factors affect each person individually. 
Human beings are full of potential.
Postmodernists tackle issues of identity like:
 Feminism
 Race
 Gender
 Sexuality
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Postmodernists place a large emphasis on originality and creativity within each individual. Creating their own new boundaries. 
Expands major ideas of the Post-structuralist theory.
Postmodernism started with many of the smaller art movements in America, and expanded into literature and philosophy then art in Europe. Today, some of the most famous postmodern and contemporary artists are from Europe and their roots influence their ground-breaking original work.
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
Contemporary literature is a vast group of written works produced from a specific time in history through the current age. This literary era defines a time period, but it also describes a particular style and quality of writing. Some see this period as an extension of postmodern literature, but most refer to it as a literary era of its own. 
"Escape Spirit VideoSlime," by Takeshi Murata 
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
Genres included in this literary period span a variety of writing forms in addition to novels and poetry. Flash fiction, short stories, slam poetry, plays, memoirs, and autobiographies can all be included in this category. Nonfiction is usually not classified as literature, but this era sometimes includes works of creative nonfiction, which tell a true story using literary techniques. 
Rick Kirby 
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
Typical characteristics of the contemporary period include reality-based stories with strong characters and a believable story. Settings usually keep to the current or modern era, so futuristic and science fiction novels are rarely included in this category. Well-defined, realistic, and highly developed characters are important in classifying a written work as contemporary, and most writing in this category features stories that are more character driven than plot driven. Contemporary literature features a somewhat modern narrative, but it also contains a harsher reality. Contemporary written works tend to be influenced by the prosperous lifestyle that followed WWII, but this literary class is rooted in the devastation that war brought to the world. A new reality blossomed in the post-war mind, and it included a personal cynicism, disillusionment, and frustration that is common to this literary period.
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
Characteristics of Contemporary Literature 
1. Uses code switching between elevated literary language and "lower"forms, 
between high art and low art 
2. Deploys metafictional techniques to draw our attention to the work's relationship 
(or non-relationship) to "reality" 
3. Emphasizes performative nature of our identities; they aren't "true" or natural 
but just seem that way because they are consistent and persistent 
4. Emphasizes fragmentation in human experience of postmodern culture, and as 
an artistic strategy 
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5. Breaks down our faith in the supremacy of the rational, scientific human being 
(e.g. comparisons between animals and humans and machines) 
6. Questions our ability to understand ourselves and our culture 
7. Questions omniscience by questioning our ability to accurately see reality 
8. Questions the link between language and reality (everything is a biased 
representation) 
9. Depicts border-crossing and migration as fundamental to human experience 
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10. Emphasizes the permeability of old boundaries: between men and women; 
between the East and the West; between high and low culture 
11. Shows people struggling to find meaning in a world that doesn't offer us the old 
assurances (of either faith or science) 
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Twenty-first century British poetry is no longer precisely English. Like the world literature with which it is now firmly allied it has as many facets as the eye of a fly, saying exactly what remains as the problem of the moment. 21st century British literature carries on many of the themes that concerned the modernist and postmodernist movements. The genesis of modernism and postmodernism can be traced to the Industrial Revolution and the vastly different thinking inspired by the world wars, and the themes that concerned those movements of the past century are still applicable to the contemporary world. It is still too soon to examine the literature produced by the 21st century authors due to its closeness to the present moment. It is possible, however, to spot themes such as technological revolution and ecology to be present in some of the most recent works of our time.
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LITERATURA INGLESA II
GOOD LUCK!!!
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