Microbial Fuel Cell

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Microbial Fuel Cell
AN OPTION FOR WATER TREATMENT AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION
Gabrielle Prudencio Alves 
Student ID: 20156612
Federal University of Ceara (UFC)
Renewable Energy Engineering Undergraduate Student 
Contents
1.Introduction
2.Brief history
3.As an Energy resource
4.As a wastewater treatment option
4.1 Dairy Industry
4.2 Petroleum Industry
5.Proton Exchange Membrane
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nafion
5.3 S-OPBI
5.4 SPEEK
6. Conclusion
1.Introduction
Cathodic reaction: O2 + 4e
− + 4H+ → 2H2O
• Converts the energy stored in chemical bonds in 
organic compounds to electrical energy.
• Operates at ambient temperature
• Anodic chamber: Microbes + Substrates
• Advantages: Electricity production and waste-water 
treatment
• Disadvantages: Low power density and high installation 
costs
• Applications: Electricity generation, biohydrogen
producer, wastewater treatment and biosensor.
Z. Du, H. Li, T. Gu
A state of the art review on microbial fuel cells: a promising technology for waste water 
treatment and bioenergy
Biotechnol. Adv., 25 (2007), pp. 464–482
2.Brief history
1910 Earliest concept of a MFC by Potter. Electrical energy produced from living cultures of 
Escherichia Coli and Saccharomyces with Platinum electrodes.
1980s Discovered mediators that could get electrons from within the non-conductive membrane of 
microbial species (toxic and instable)
1999~early 
2000s
Some microbes were found to transfer electrons directly to anode ( stable and yield a high 
Columbic efficiency)
Z. Du, H. Li, T. Gu
A state of the art review on microbial fuel cells: a promising technology for waste water 
treatment and bioenergy
Biotechnol. Adv., 25 (2007), pp. 464–482
3.As an Energy Resource 
•Overall reaction is the same in all cases 
•MFC has less energy losses
V.G. Gude
Wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cells-an overview 
Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 122,(2016) pages 287-307
Standard free energy and net energy yield are in kJ/mol glucose.
4.As a wastewater treatment option
4.1.Dairy Industry
# CODr(
%)
Power 
(W/m3)
CE (%) References
1 91 2.7 17 Elakkiya and Matheswaran (2013)
2 91 20.2 26 Mardanpour et al. (2012)
3 81 1.157 - Mathuriya and Sharma (2010)
4 55 5.1 24 A.Faria et al (2016)
E. Elakkiya, M. Matheswaran
Comparison of anodic metabolisms in bioelectricity production during treatment of dairy 
wastewater in Microbial Fuel Cell
Bioresources Technol., 136 (2013), pp. 407–412
A.Faria, L. Goncalves, J.M. Peixoto, L. Peixoto, A. G. Brito, G.Martins
Resources recovery in the dairy industry: bioelectricity production using a continuous 
microbial fuel cell
Journal of Cleaner Production, (2016)
• Anaerobic anode produces less energy than aerobic anode
• The energy generated is still minimum
4.As a wastewater treatment option
4.2. Petroleum Refinery
•Remove petroleum pollutants
•Recover energy from Petroleum Refinery Wastewater (PRW)
•Packing materials influence the electricity generation performance, treatment efficiency and 
degradation mechanism of petroleum pollutants.
MFC I (non packed ), MFC II (GAC-packed), MFC III (GG-Packed)
Xuan Guo, Yali Zhan, Chunmao Chen, Bin Cai, Yu Wang, Shaohui Guo. 
Influence of packing material characteristics on the performance of microbial fuel cells using petroleum refinery wastewater as fuel
Renewable Energy, Volume 87, Pages 437-444 (2016)
5.Proton exchange membrane
5.1 Introduction
Function:
•Transportation of Protons
•Separator 
Ideal Characteristics:
•High water uptake
•Proton conductivity in an aqueous environment
•Good thermal, mechanical and dimensional stability
•Resistant to biofouling
•Easily synthesizable and economical for large-scale 
applications
S. Singha, T.Jana,J.A. Modestra, A.N.Kumar, S.V. Mohan
Highly efficient sulfonated polybenzimidazole as a proton exchange membrane for microbial fuel cells
Journal of Power Sources , Volume 317, Pages 143-152 (2016)
5.Proton Exchange Membrane
5.2. Nafion
•Good Proton Conductivity 
•Oxygen leakage from cathode to anode
•Substrate losses
•Cation Transport and accumulation rather than 
proton
•Biofouling of the membrane
•High cost
K.J. Chae, M. Choi, F.F. Ajayi, W. Park, I.S. Chang, I.S. Kim
Mass transport through a proton exchange membrane (nafion) in microbial fuel cells
Energy Fuels, 22 (2008)
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
5.Proton Exchange Membrane
5.3. Sulfonated Oxy-Polybenzimidazole
Sulfonated Oxy-Polybenzimidazole (S-OPBI)
S. Singha, T.Jana,J.A. Modestra, A.N.Kumar, S.V. Mohan
Highly efficient sulfonated polybenzimidazole as a proton exchange membrane for microbial fuel cells
Journal of Power Sources , Volume 317, Pages 143-152 (2016)
5.Proton Exchange Membrane
5.4. Sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK)
Mostafa Ghasemi,Wan Ramli Wan Daud, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Yaghoob Jafari,Manal Ismail, Alireza Mayahi, Jamal Othman
Simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity generation by microbial fuel cell: Performance comparison and cost investigation of using Nafion 117 
and SPEEK as separators
Desalination, Volume 325, Pages 1-6 (2013)
6.Conclusion
Good option for water treatment
Improvements needed for producing energy
Costs can be reduced when substituting the PEM