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Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
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Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
2 
 
 
 
 
TEMA 1 
Vocabulary and Expressions Practice 
 
FRIENDS FRIENDS FRIENDS FRIENDS ---- 1017/1018 1017/1018 1017/1018 1017/1018 ---- The Last OneThe Last OneThe Last OneThe Last One 
 
ACTIVITY AACTIVITY AACTIVITY AACTIVITY A 
 Phoebe: So, you just let her go? 
Ross: Yeah. 
Joey: Hey, maybe that's for the best. 
Ross: Yeah? 
Joey: Yeah. You know? You just... Look, you ___________... You ___________ think about last night the 
way she does, okay? Maybe, maybe sleeping together was the perfect way to say goodbye? 
Phoebe: But now she'll never know how he feels! 
Joey: Maybe that's okay. You know? Maybe, maybe it is better this way? I mean, now, now 
____________________. I mean, you've been trying to for so long, maybe now that you're on different 
continents. Right? 
Joey: Maybe now ________________________. You know? ____________________________________ 
her. 
Ross: Yeah, that's true. Except I don't __________ get over her. 
Joey: What? 
Ross: I don't! I __________ be with her. 
Joey: Really? 
Ross: Yeah, I'm _________ go after her. 
Joey: Yeah, you are! 
Phoebe: Woo! 
Phoebe: Wait, wait! Get your coat! Get your coat! 
Ross: My coat... 
Joey: This is so cool! 
Chandler: I have no idea what's going on, but I am excited! 
Joey: But Ross, Ross. What do you, what do you think she's going to say? 
Ross: I don't know, but I.. Look, even if she shoots me down, at least I won't spend the rest of my life 
_________________ what would have happened. Where - where is my coat?! 
Phoebe: You didn't bring one! My cab's downstairs, I'll drive you to the airport. 
Ross: Okay, guys, wish me luck. 
Phoebe: Hurry! 
Joey: Good luck, good luck! 
 
1. Qual é o significado de “gonna, wanna e gotta”? Quando podemos utilizar esse “jeito de falar”? 
2. Escreva frases contendo “gonna, wanna e gotta”. 
3. Você usou o mesmo Verbo Modal para completar 3 frases. Qual é a tradução e o sentido dele em 
cada frase? 
4. O que significa “to wonder”? Escreva 2 frases usando este verbo. 
5. Circule no texto 2 frases no futuro, uma na afirmativa e outra na negativa, e traduza-as. 
6. Como se diz “dar / pegar carona” em inglês? 
7. Supondo que o Ross tivesse pego um táxi “de verdade”, como seria um possível diálogo dele com o 
motorista? Escreva o diálogo. 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
3 
 
 
 
 
ACTIVITY BACTIVITY BACTIVITY BACTIVITY B 
 
Ross: There's no ___________! 
Phoebe: That's okay. If - if we hit anything, the _______________ will explode, so you know, it's better if 
you're thrown from the ______. 
Ross: Alright, alright, let's do this! 
Phoebe: Okay! 
(A guy comes up and gets into the ____________ of the cab.) 
Ross: Hey! 
Man: 18th and East End. 
Phoebe: I - I don't take __________________. 
Man: Hey! The law says you have to accept any fare. 
Ross: No, you don't understand. This isn't a real _______. 
Man: Alright, I gotta report you. What's your medallion number? 
Phoebe: My medallion number is, "Get out of the cab!" 
Man: What? 
Ross: Get out of the cab! 
Phoebe: Get out of the cab! 
 
Phoebe: You can open your eyes now. 
Ross: Are we off the bridge? 
Phoebe: Yes. 
Ross: Is the old woman on the bicycle _________ _____________? 
Phoebe: Yes, she jumped right back up. 
Ross: Oh my God, Phoebe, _________ __________! 
Phoebe: Do you wanna get to Rachel ___ ___________? 
Ross: Yes, but I don't wanna die in your cab! 
Phoebe: You should have thought of that before you got in! 
Phoebe: Toll-booth. 
Ross: What? 
Phoebe: Toll-booth! Four _________. There are quarters in the ____________________________. 
Phoebe: ____________! 
Ross: Okay! 
Phoebe: Okay. 
Phoebe: Damn, that _________________ is clean. 
 
1. Dentre as palavras que você usou para completar o script, há algumas partes do carro. Quais são? 
2. Como se diz as seguintes partes do carro em inglês? 
 
 
3. Quais dessas partes também existem em um avião e recebem o mesmo nome (em inglês)? 
4. Quais partes são semelhantes em um avião e por isso recebem nomes diferentes (em inglês) em 
relação às partes do carro? 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
4 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Agora leia algumas falas típicas de um comissário de bordo. Circule as “partes” do avião que são 
mencionadas e traduza-as. 
 
"Good [morning], Ladies and Gentlemen welcome aboard TAM Airlines flight JJ3872. to Brasília Please 
make sure that all carry-on items are stowed either in an overhead compartment or completely beneath the 
seat in front of you. If you have problems with the proper stowage of your items, please let a flight 
attendant know and we will be happy to help you. If you are seated in an emergency exit row, please read 
the information on the passenger safety card which is located in the seatback pocket in front of you. If you 
do not meet the criteria for seating in this row, or if you do not wish to assist in an emergency, let a 
crewmember know at this time and we will be happy to reseat you. Prior to departure from the gate all cell-
phones must be turned off and stowed. Once again, we welcome you onboard." 
 
"Ladies and Gentlemen, please remain seated until the aircraft has come to a complete stop at the parking 
bay and the seat belt sign is switched off. All mobile phones must be turned off at all times. Thank you." 
 
"Ladies and Gentlemen, we will be dimming the cabin lights. If you would like to have the reading light on, 
the push button is located on the panel above your seat. Thank you." 
 
Fonte: http://www.inglesnapontadalingua.com.br/2008/09/vocabulrio-especfico-airline-english.html 
 
ACTIVITY CACTIVITY CACTIVITY CACTIVITY C 
 
[Scene: The airport. Ross and Phoebe run in.] 
 
Phoebe: Ross, where are you going? 
Ross: To talk to Rachel, isn't that why we took a ride in the death-cab? 
Phoebe: What? What are you just gonna walk up to her at the ________? Have you never chased anyone 
through the ___________ before? 
Ross: Not since my cop-show got cancelled. 
Phoebe: You have to get a ____________ to get past _______________. 
Ross: What? We're never gonna make it! 
Phoebe: Not with that attitude! Now, haul ass! 
(They run to the _________ ___________, but they get stuck behind a group of old people who are walking 
very slowly.) 
Ross: Okay, if you ________ all ________ __________, that'd be great. 
 
[Scene: The gate. Rachel walks up to the man at the gate and gives him her passport.] 
Gate attendant #1: Madame, your _________________ please? 
Rachel: Oh my God! I was so afraid I wasn't gonna remember any of my high-school French, but I 
understood every word you just said! 
Gate attendant #1: Your____________ ________, please. 
Rachel: Oh. 
Rachel: Oh, shoot. I had it. Oh, I _______ ____________this. 
Gate attendant #1: Madame, if you don't have your boarding pass... 
Rachel: I have it, I have it, I have it. Oh, okay, I ______ _________ it, but I remember that I was 
in________ ________, because that's my bra-size. 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
5 
 
 
 
 
Gate attendant #1: Madame, you _______ _________ your boarding pass.. 
Rachel: Okay, fine! But you know what? If I was in____________, we _________________________ this 
problem. 
 
1. Quais são os documentos que você precisa para viajar de avião (até no momento do embarque)? 
2. Quais são as etapas para / até embarcar? 
3. Analise os verbos modais desse trecho do video, traduzindo-os e dizendo o sentido de cada um. 
 
ACACACACTIVITY DTIVITY DTIVITY DTIVITY D 
 
1. Use as palavras a seguir para completar o diálogo. Depois, assista o vídeo para verificar se está tudo 
correto. 
 
Ross: Hey, I need a ___________. 
Phoebe: Just _____? I drive you all the way down here, and I don't get to see _______ it works out? 
Ross: Fine, ______ tickets, I need two tickets. 
Phoebe: We're on our __________________. 
Ticket agent: And the __________________? 
Ross: I don't care. Whatever is the cheapest. 
Phoebe: I'm so __________ I married you. 
 Rachel: Oh! Shoot! Damn it! Where is it? Oh! Oh! I found it! I found it! 
Rachel: Hah! I found it! I told you I would find it! In your face! You're a different person. 
 
 
2. Assista o video e complete o diálogo. 
Ross: Okay, _______________ to ________. I don't see it, do you see it? 
Phoebe: No, did we _______ it? 
Ross: No, no, no. That's impossible. It doesn't ___________ for another ____ minutes. 
Phoebe: Maybe we have the ___________________ wrong. God. 
Monica: Hello. 
Phoebe: Hey, it's me. Here's Ross. 
Ross: What? Hey, hey, listen.. 
Monica: Oh my God! Ross, you wouldn't believe the cute little noises the twins are making. Listen. 
Ross: Monica? Monica, Monica, Monica, Monica..? 
Monica: Oh, I'm sorry. Shoot, they were doing it before. 
Ross: That's alright. Listen, listen. 
Monica: Oh, wait, wait, wait! Here they go again. 
Ross: Monica? Monica, Monica, Monica, Monica..? 
Monica: Isn't that cute? 
Ross: That is precious! Listen! I need Rachel's __________________________________. 
Monica: Oh, okay. Alright, it's flight _________. ___________ at ________. 
Ross: Yes, that's what I have. It's not __________________. 
Monica: That's what it says here. Flight 421, leaves at 8:40, _________________________________. 
Ross: What? 
Monica: Newark airport. Why, where are you? 
Ross: _________. 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
6 
 
 
 
 
3. Associe o nome do aeroporto com sua descrição. 
 
A. John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) 
B. Newark International Airport (EWR) 
C. LaGuardia Airport (LGA) 
New York City Airport Guide 
New York has three main airports through which millions of people pass each year. If you have 
questions about travel into and out of New York City, call (800) A-I-R-R-I-D-E during normal business hours. 
( ) … in Queens (at the south end of the Van Wyck Expressway), primarily handles international flights. 
( ) … also in Queens (on the Grand Central Parkway), mainly handles domestic flights. If you're flying in 
from anywhere in the U.S., chances are you'll come through here. Particular exceptions include Continental 
Airlines. 
( ) …in New Jersey, handles both domestic and international flights. It's a bit further from the city than the 
other two airports, but it is generally less crowded and has more modern facilities. 
http://www.ny.com/transportation/airports/ 
 
 
4. Agora escolha 2 aeroportos Brasileiros e faça uma breve descrição de cada um (em inglês). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
7 
 
 
 
 
TEMA 2 
Phrasal Verbs 
 
ACTIVITY EACTIVITY EACTIVITY EACTIVITY E 
Ross: Phoebe! Wow! No, no, no! 
Phoebe: Well, I've never gone this fast before. 
Ross: Phoebe, forget it, okay? Newark is - is like an hour away. There's no way we're gonna make it in time. 
Phoebe: She's got her cell, you ___________________ her. 
Ross: I am not doing this over the phone. 
Phoebe: You don't have any other choice! 
Rachel: Hello? 
Phoebe: Rachel? Oh, good. Hey, by the way, did you just __________ the ________? 
Rachel: Yeah. 
Phoebe: (To Ross) For what it's worth, we would have caught her if we were at the right airport. 
Ross: Yay. 
Phoebe: Uh, Rach, hang on. 
Rachel: Phoebe? Is everything okay? 
Phoebe: Uhm, actually no. No, you've... You have to _____________ the plane. 
Rachel: What? Why? 
Phoebe: I ______ this ___________ that something's wrong with it. Something is wrong with the left 
Philange. 
Rachel: Oh, honey, ___________ there's nothing ____________ with _____________. 
Rachel: Alright, look, I have to go. I love you, and I will call you the minute I ___________ Paris. 
Passenger #1: Uhm, what was that? 
Rachel: Oh, that was just my crazy friend. She told me I _______________ the plane, because she had a 
feeling that there was something wrong with the left Philange. 
Passenger #1: Okay, that doesn't ________________________. 
Rachel: I ___________________ about it. She's always coming up with stuff like this, and you know what? 
She's almost ____________ right. 
Passenger #1: But she is ____________________. 
Rachel: Well... 
Rachel: Wait, what are you doing? 
Passenger #1: Well, I ______________ this plane now. 
Air stewardess: Excuse me, sir, where are you going? 
Passenger #1: I have to ___________ this plane, okay? Her friend has a feeling something's wrong with the 
left Philange. 
Rachel: _______________________ some peanuts? 
Passenger #2: What's wrong with the plane? 
Air stewardess: There's nothing wrong with the plane. 
Passenger #1: Yeah! The left Philange! 
Air stewardess: There is no Philange! 
Passenger #1: Oh my God. This plane doesn't even have a Philange! 
Passenger #2: I'm not flying on it! 
Air stewardess: Ma'am, please sit down! 
Passenger #3: What's _________________? 
Passenger #1: We're all ______________________. There is no Philange! 
Rachel: This is ridiculous! I... Yeah, okay. 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
8 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Analise o verbo “to get” em algumas das frases deste trecho do video. Considere também outras 
sentences em que ele apareceu anteriormente: “You can finally get over her.”; “Get your coat!”; 
"Get out of the cab!". Qual é o significado desse verbo em cada uma das frases? O que faz com que 
ele tenha diferentes significados? 
 
 
 
 
2. Associe cada Phrasal Verb com Get e o exemplo com sua definição. 
 Phrasal Verbs with GET 
 
a. GET AROUND - Since my car broke down, I’ve been gettingaround by bicycle. 
b. GET AT - Could you please scratch my back? I have this itch that I just can’t quite get at. 
c. GET AWAY - Max had a dream that a very fat woman was attacking him and he couldn't get 
away. 
d. GET BACK - When Mary called her engagement with Max off, Max tried to get the ring back. 
e. GET BACK - Max got back late from the soccer match. 
f. GET DOWN - Talking about politics really gets me down. 
g. GET IN - When did you get in from Paris? 
h. GET OFF - Max got off his bicycle to tie his shoe. 
i. GET OUT - Sam wouldn't stop talking so we asked him to get out. 
j. GET OVER - Max finally got over the flu. 
k. GET THROUGH - It took me almost two weeks to get through that book. 
l. GET TO - I can’t wait to get to school. 
m. GET TOGETHER - Let's get together tomorrow night. 
n. GET UP - Mary gets up at sunrise to go jogging every morning. 
 
( ) to depress, exhaust or discourage 
( ) to go from place to place 
( ) to escape 
( ) to meet 
( ) to return 
( ) to have something returned 
( ) to arrive 
( ) to access or reach 
( ) to dismount 
( ) to escape or leave 
( ) to overcome, recover from 
( ) to arrive at, to progress to 
( ) to rise to one's feet or arise from bed; to climb 
( ) to finish something completely; to arrive at the end of something 
http://www.eflnet.com/pverbs/pvlistverb.php?verb=GET 
 
 
 
 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
9 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Analise o uso de “get” na propaganda a seguir: “New planes. Lower prices. The best just got 
better.” 
 
4. Pesquise outros “phrasal verbs”. Traga exemplos 
para a próxima aula. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
http://josephmclarty.com/portfolio/clearsky-airways/ 
 
 
 
 
 
ACACACACTIVITY FTIVITY FTIVITY FTIVITY F 
 
1. Entre parênteses há um sinônimo da palavra que está faltando no diálogo, tente adivinhar e completar 
as frases. 
 
Gate attendant #2: ___________ (MADAM), I assure you, the plane is _______ (OK). 
Passenger #2: And you fixed the Philange? 
Gate attendant #2: Yes, the Philange is ____________ (REPAIRED). As a matter of fact, we put a whole 
lot of extra Philanges onboard, just in case. 
Ross: Where is she? 
Phoebe: I don't see her. 
Ross: Rachel! Rachel Green! 
Phoebe: There she is! 
Ross: Rachel! Rachel! 
Gate attendant #2: Wow, excuse me, sir, do you have a boarding pass? 
Ross: No, no, I just have to talk to _____________ (A PERSON). 
Gate attendant #2: I'm sorry, you cannot go any further ___________ (WITH NO) boarding pass. 
Ross: No, no, no, but... 
Phoebe: (screaming) RACHEL!! 
Rachel: Oh my God... What.. What are you _________ (PEOPLE) doing here? 
Phoebe: Okay, you're on. 
Rachel: What? What? Ross, you're scaring me. What's _____________ (HAPPENING)? 
Ross: Okay, the thing is.. 
Rachel: Yeah? 
Ross: Don't go. 
Rachel: What? 
Ross: Please, please stay with me. I am so in love with you. Please, don't go. 
Rachel: Oh my God. 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
10 
 
 
 
 
Ross: I know, I know. I shouldn't have waited 'till now to say it, but I'm.. That was __________ (SILLY), 
okay? I'm sorry, but I'm telling you now. I love you. Do not get on this ______ (AIRCRAFT). 
Gate attendant #2: Miss? Are you ______________ (GETTING ON) the plane? 
Ross: Hey, hey. I know you love me. I know you do. 
Gate attendant #2: Miss? 
Rachel: I - I have to get on the plane. 
Ross: No, you don't. 
Rachel: Yes, I do. 
Ross: No, you don't. 
Rachel: They're waiting for me, Ross. I can't do this _______________ (AT THIS MOMENT), I'm sorry. 
I'm sorry. 
Ross: Rachel? 
Rachel: I'm so sorry. 
Ross: I really thought she'd _________ (NOT LEAVE). 
Phoebe: I'm sorry. 
 
 
2. Encontre no texto algumas “expressões/referências” de tempo. 
 
3. Como se diz as expressões de tempo a seguir em inglês? 
 
 
 
ACTIVITY GACTIVITY GACTIVITY GACTIVITY G 
 
1. Complete as frases de acordo com o que você ouvir. 
 
Rachel: (on the answering machine) Ross, hi. ____________. I just got back on the plane. And I just 
___________________. That is so not how I wanted things to end with us. It's just that I wasn't expecting to 
see you, and ______________________ you're there and saying these things... And... And now I'm just 
sitting here and thinking of all the ________ I should have said, and I didn't. I mean, I didn't even get to tell 
you that I love you too. Because _____________ I do. I love you. I love you. I love you. What am I doing? I 
love you! Oh, I've gotta see you. I've ________________________ this plane. 
Ross: Oh my God! 
Rachel: Excuse me? 
Air stewardess: Miss? Please, ________________! 
Rachel: I'm sorry. I'm really sorry, but I need to get off the plane, okay? I need to tell someone that I love 
love them. 
Air stewardess: Miss, I can't let you off the plane. 
Ross: Let her off the plane! 
Air stewardess: I am afraid you are gonna have to ________________. 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
11 
 
 
 
 
Rachel: Oh, please, miss, you don't understand! 
Ross: Try to understand! 
Rachel: Oh, come on, miss, isn't there any way that you can just let me off... 
Ross: No! No! Oh my God. Did she get off the plane? Did she get off the plane? 
Rachel: I got off the plane. 
Ross: You got off the plane. 
Rachel: I do love you. 
Ross: I love you too, and I'm never letting you go again. 
Rachel: Okay. 'Cause this is where I wanna be, okay? No more messing around. I don't wanna mess this up 
again. 
Ross: Me __________, okay? We are - we're done being stupid. 
Rachel: Okay. You and me, alright? This is it. 
Ross: This is it. Unless we're on a break. 
Ross: Don't make jokes now. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
12 
 
 
 
 
TEMA 3 
Elementos de Referência 
 
1. Reference Devices: Personal Pronouns 
 
Example: Alberto Santos-Dumont was a Brazilian aviation pioneer. He dedicated himself 
to science studies in Paris, France, where he spent most of his adult life. 
 
 
2. Reference Devices: Demonstrative Pronouns 
 
THIS = este, esta - This book is on this table (Este livro está em cima desta mesa) 
THESE = estes , estas - These people are reading in English. (Estas pessoas estão lendo 
em Inglês) 
THAT = aquele,aquela,aquilo - That girl is my daughter. (Aquela garota é minha filha) 
THOSE = aqueles, aquelas - Those kids are my children. (Aqueles garotos são meus filhos) 
 
3. Reference Devices: Relative Pronouns 
 
In English, some relative pronouns are: who, whom, whose, which, and, in some treatments, that. 
There are other words that can be considered reference devices in a sentence / text: 
� EACH 
� BOTH 
� EVERY 
� ALL 
� SOME� MANY 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
13 
EXAMPLES: 
 
 
The first fixed-wing aircraft: The 14-bis versus the Wright Flyers 
Mainstream aviation historians credit the Wright Brothers with the creation of the first 
successful heavier-than-air flying machine, able to take off under its own power and capable of 
sustained and controlled flight. 
The Wrights used a launching rail for their 1903 flights and a launch catapult for their 1904 
and 1905 machines, while the aircraft of Santos-Dumont and other Europeans had wheeled 
undercarriages. The Wright Brothers continued to use skids, which necessitated the use of a dolly 
running on a track. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, founded in France in 1905 to 
verify aviation records, stated among its rules that an aircraft should be able to take off under its 
own power in order to qualify for a record. Supporters of Santos-Dumont maintain that this means 
the 14-bis was, technically, the first successful fixed-wing aircraft. 
The issue of which aircraft was first or more practical is a matter of debate between 
supporters of Santos-Dumont and the Wright brothers. The Wrights flew earlier, and Santos-
Dumont took off on wheels before the Wrights, earning a variety of prizes and official records in 
France. Santos-Dumont's flights in the 14-bis contributed to the development of aviation by 
publicly demonstrating the feasibility of heavier-than-air flight, which encouraged other pioneers 
in Europe to begin or quicken the pace of their experiments. 
Fonte: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Santos-Dumont 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
14 
 
 
http://www.smartcockpit.com/aircraft-ressources/A330-Doors.html 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
15 
EXTRA ACTIVITYEXTRA ACTIVITYEXTRA ACTIVITYEXTRA ACTIVITY 
The Big Bang Theory 
Season 2, episode 16 (around 18 minutes) 
 
Scene: The apartment 
Leonard: Why are you crouching there? 
Sheldon: This is my spot. Where else am I supposed to crouch? 
Leonard: I don’t know. Texas? 
Penny (arriving with cushion): Here you go. Fresh from the cleaners, good as new. 
Leonard: Really? Great. Sheldon, look. Good as new. 
Sheldon: From that key maker, I highly doubt it. 
Penny: Come on, Sheldon. Just give it a try. 
Sheldon: All right. 
Penny: There, nice and comfy cosy. Zero, zero, zero. 
Sheldon: There’s one more zero. You forgot the time 
parameter. 
Penny: Sit on the damn couch. 
Sheldon: Nope. 
Penny: What do you mean, nope? What’s wrong with it? 
Leonard: Nothing, it’s what’s wrong with him. 
Penny: It’s exactly the same… 
 
4. Reference Devices: Compound Relative Pronouns 
The words whoever, whatever, whichever, however, whenever and wherever are called 
compound relative pronouns. These are used to mean ‘it doesn’t matter who/what/which etc. 
Whoever comes to the door, ask them to wait. 
Whatever happens, happens for good. 
Whoever phoned just now was very rude. 
Don’t open the door whoever they are. 
Wherever you go, I will follow you. 
Informal usesInformal usesInformal usesInformal uses 
In an informal style, these conjunctions are sometimes used as short answers. 
‘When should I come?’ ‘Whenever‘. / ‘Tea or coffee?’ ‘Whichever’. 
Let’s practice! Now it’s your turn to use short answers. Reply the following sentences using 
compound relative pronouns. 
� What kind of food would you like to have? 
� Would you like to have some tea or some coffee? 
� Saturday or Sunday? 
� We can ask either Laura or Jane for help. Who are we going to call? 
http://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-16-the-cushion-saturation-3/ 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
16 
Reference Devices: Compound Relative Pronouns 
Aviation Context 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. The policy states that aircraft will be monitored every two years 
or 1000 flight hours, whichever is longer. 
2. Destroy when 5 years old or when superseded or obsolete, 
whichever is sooner 
3. (…) the vent header shall not be less than one foot above the average 
maximum snow depth, or 3 feet (1 meter) above ground level, whichever 
is higher … 
4. Whenever a runway length has been temporarily or permanently 
shortened, state the word “shortened” immediately following the 
runway number … 
5. Do not use this procedure whenever conditions indicate the 
probability of a steep pressure gradient between two locations … 
6. Those of us in the FAA's Office of Commercial Space Transportation 
are certainly eager to do whatever we can to assist our partners at 
NASA in ... 
7. They also contended that the Board was constituted to take 
whatever combination of actions it chose relating to hours of airport 
operation and that ... 
http://www.faa.gov 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
17 
TEMA 4 
Characteristics 
Word Order 
Nominal Groups 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
18 
 
 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
19 
 
 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com)IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
20 
 
 
 
 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
21 
TEMA 5 
Verb Tenses 
. 
Which aircraft is being described?Which aircraft is being described?Which aircraft is being described?Which aircraft is being described? 
 
o Read and understand the text. 
o Choose some information to say about it. 
o Say the information aloud so the other groups have the chance to guess which 
aircraft you are talking about. 
o ATTENTION: you HAVE to use information from the text. 
 
A Description of A380 Cockpits 
The A380 Airbus is the world's largest airplane at 239.5 feet (73 meters) in length. It has 
a 261.8-foot (79.8 meter) wingspan and accommodates two decks with a passenger capacity 
of 555. Emirates was the first airline to buy an A380 in 2000. The plane benefits from 
advanced technology and design, from fuel efficiency and passenger comfort to the cockpit 
layout. 
 Cockpit Design 
The A380 cockpit has an area of 47.4 square feet (4.4 square meters). This makes it much 
roomier than most wide-bodied jets. There are eight display monitors for the two-person 
piloting team and all systems are connected by a network. Each display is large enough to 
provide clearer presentation for the pilot. A track ball, similar to a computer mouse and a 
keyboard are used to navigate through information on the interactive, reconfigurable screens. 
 Navigation and Weather Controls 
The A380 has a display that shows the altitude vertically and distance horizontally. Terrain 
is projected in brown while the flight path is in green and the aircraft is shown in yellow. 
Weather can be seen horizontally and vertically at any altitude, allowing for greater 
situational awareness. The pilots also can make specific modifications to the flight plan, 
through menus with choices, on the navigation screen more quickly and efficiently. 
 Information and Flight Management Controls 
Pilots and crew have access to technical logbooks, maps, equipment and operation manuals 
and other information in electronic form. Many controls are streamlined for more efficiency. 
The Flight Management System is displayed on two screens instead of the usual three. 
Folders are used to store and access related functions. Air traffic control messaging is also 
pared down from two screens to one. Pilots can view surveillance video on cockpit displays. 
 
Read more: A Description of A380 Cockpits | eHow.com 
http://www.ehow.com/facts_7590587_description-a380-cockpits.html#ixzz27ObhMc13 
 
 
 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
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IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
22 
Embraer Legacy Shuttle 
Description 
The EMB-135LR, in contrast to its predecessor, is designed to work best on shorter 
trips. It can carry more passengers than its predecessor, and is designed to be used as 
a corporate shuttle for anywhere between 16 and 37 passengers, not as a luxurious office at 
39,000 feet. 
With that in mind, the Legacy Shuttle meets its design objectives very well. It is 
extremely practical, making it an ideal private jet for day-to-day business use. In addition, it 
is exceptionally reliable, retaining plenty of backup systems for each key function, as should 
be expected from a private jet originally designed for day-in, day-out commercial use. 
The cabin of the Legacy Shuttle is the second-largest of any heavy jet (following only the 
late-generation Gulfstreams), with a cabin volume of 1,413 cubic feet. The cabin measures 6 
feet high, 6.9 feet wide, and 42.4 feet long. The internal and external baggage compartments, 
totaling 367 cubic feet, can hold 2,756 pounds of baggage and are both accessible in-flight. 
The external baggage compartment is pressurized, air-conditioned, and has class C fire 
protection. 
Although the interior configurations vary greatly according to how many passengers 
the jet holds (16-37 passengers), typical amenities include a galley with an oven, coffee 
maker and cold food storage. Airshow 400, single-channel satcom and multiple AC power 
outlets are included in the standard interior configuration. The in-flight entertainment system 
consists of a 20-inch flat-panel screen mounted at the front of the cabin that includes DVD, 
VCR, and CD players with headphone jacks at each seat. Alternately, individual passenger 
screens may be installed, along with multi-channel satcom, various pieces of office 
equipment, a microwave, and so on. Cabins are insulated with a 54 dBa acoustical insulation 
package from Flight Environments and all have an emergency oxygen system and an 
emergency exit. Seat design varies according to which interior layout is chosen; for the 16-
passenger option, the seats are quite comfortable and spread out, as in a first-class 
commercial cabin. The 19-passenger configuration uses smaller seats that are more tightly-
spaced, and the high-density (37 passenger) option is undeniably reminiscent of coach. 
The Legacy Shuttle is powered by two Rolls-Royce AE3007 A1/3 turbofan engines. 
Each engine is flat-rated to 7,057 pounds of thrust. Inspection is on-condition. FADEC 
makes engine startup almost entirely automatic and regulates their performance in-flight for 
optimal fuel burn and speed. On average, the engines burn 313 gallons of fuel per hour. 
The cockpit of the Legacy Shuttle is equipped with the Honeywell Primus 1000 
avionics suite, which includes dual FMS with GPS, CVR, TAWS, TCAS, a Primus 800 
Doppler Turbulence detection weather radar, single-channel CAT II autopilot, a Smiths 
Industries Integrated Standby Instrument System, and many more pieces of communication 
and situation-awareness equipment. Information is displayed on five flat-panel Cathode Ray 
Tubes. Additional equipment can be added as desired. 
http://www.jetadvisors.com/embraer-legacy-shuttle/ 
 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
23 
 
Fokker 100 
The Fokker 100 offers you the possibility of operating a highly reliable, 
mature, but young aircraft on short to medium haul routes. Continuous product 
improvements are made by Fokker Services based on operator experience and any 
new regulations. The Fokker 100 fleet is relatively young. With a design life of 
90,000 flying hours or landings the average age is only around 35,000 flying hours 
or 30,000 landings. 
 
The aircraft offers flexibility from an all-economy 5-abreast 109 seater at 32 
in pitch to a very spacious 4-abreast all-business class seating arrangements. Many 
alternative and mixed-class seating arrangements are possible. Any arrangement 
offers a revenue potential unequalled by smaller regional jets. The passenger cabin 
is spacious and offers over 2m standing height in the aisle. The cabin is also very 
quiet due to the aft fuselage engine position, Tay low noise characteristics and 
clever noise attenuating features. InnovativeLED lighting is an optional cabin 
feature. 
The Fokker 100 is equipped with either a forward-opening passenger door or 
a downward-opening door with integral stairs. Both are jetway compatible. 
 
environment 
The Fokker 100 complies with ICAO Chapter 3/FAA Stage 3 noise 
regulations with wide margins, enabling it to meet Chapter 4 as well. The Fokker 
100 also complies with the CAEP 4 emission level requirements. 
 
Modern flight deck 
The Fokker 100 comes with a ‘glass cockpit’ equipped with a dual Flight 
Management System and a fully integrated automatic flight control system which, as 
standard, has full flight envelope protection and enables Cat IIIA auto land. Cat IIIB 
with 
roll-out guidance is also available. 
Full EU-OPS1 requirements are installed on many Fokker 100s or can be 
made available as approved Service Bulletins. 
The Fokker 100 can optionally be equipped with Required Navigation 
Performance (RNP 0.3) which, coupled to the existing FMC. RNP 0.3 enables 
shorter routes and optimized approach routings, allowing for shorter approaches 
and lower decision altitudes. 
RNP reduces weather-related diversions and yields lower block times and 
fuel, contributing to the environmental friendliness of the Fokker 100. 
 
http://www.flyfokker.com/Downloads/FS/Brochures%20and%20Leaflets/FLYFokker_Fokker_100_Leaflet_1.
pdf 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
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IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
24 
Airbus A320 
Compared with the original Boeing 737, which was designed in the early 1960s, 
the A320 has a wider and taller cabin and a slicker wing. It also features digital fly-by-wire 
controls. 
Compared with the standard Airbus Corporate Jet (ACJ), which is based on the 
smaller A319, the executive version of the A320 (called the Prestige) has a 12-foot-longer 
cabin and holds nearly seven times as much luggage. It can do that because it has a shorter 
range–“only” 4,300 nautical miles compared with the ACJ’s 6,000 (four crew, eight 
passengers). The ACJ gets all that range by stuffing the baggage hold with auxiliary fuel 
tanks that the A320 doesn’t need. 
An Airbus executive told me that you can buy a new A320 Prestige with a full-up 
executive cabin for around $85 million, only about $5 million more than you’d pay for an 
ACJ. Of course, most customers spend more having completion centers build in their 
preferences. 
 
Typically, the completion process starts six months before the aircraft arrives, with 
floor plan and materials selection and related engineering. Once the A320 is in the hangar, 
it can take another 12 months to finish. With more than 1,030 square feet of cabin floor 
space, the potential for wretched excess with this airplane is, well, excessive: you can 
order stand-up showers, gourmet galleys, private offices, theater rooms and just about 
anything else you care to install. 
While what you can do to the inside of an A320 cabin is nearly limitless, you do 
have limits as to where you can take it: this is a big boy. Not all airport ramps can 
accommodate it nor are all runways long enough. An A320 at maximum takeoff weight 
tips the scales at 169,800 pounds and needs 6,640 feet of runway to get airborne with a full 
load and nearly 5,000 feet to stop. Certain U.S. airports (such as those in Sun Valley, 
Idaho, and Teterboro, N.J.) continue to ban private aircraft that weigh more than 100,000 
pounds. That’s the bad news. 
The good news is that because the A320 is based on a mature airliner, pilots, parts 
and maintenance technicians for it are plentiful and certain maintenance practices are 
simpler and more economical than on a typical business jet. Most business jets require that 
certain parts and major assemblies be inspected and/or replaced at fixed intervals, which 
are usually defined in terms of flight hours, flight cycles (one takeoff and one landing) or 
time (months or years). With airliners, more of these parts need not be replaced unless they 
are wearing or worn out. This type of maintenance is called “on condition” and a fair 
amount of it can be done on the A320. Such work is almost essential on an airplane as 
large as the A320 as most operators do not have backup aircraft. 
http://www.bjtonline.com/business-jet-news/airbus-a320-0 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
25 
 
 
( ) The aircraft skidded along the runway and off at its end, coming to a halt with the 
nose section of the aircraft in the sea, with the main wheels resting on the edge of the 
embankment leading to the sea. 
 
 ( ) The aircraft was operating a scheduled passenger flight from Dublin to Sligo. The 
flight departed Dublin Airport (EIDW) at 16.05 hrs and carried out a Non-Directional 
Beacon/Distance Measuring Equipment (NDB/DME) approach to Runway (RWY) 
11 at Sligo Airport. 
 
( ) The passengers and crew evacuated through the rear portside passenger door, 
down fire service ladders, and were bussed to the terminal building. There was no 
aircraft fire or reported injuries. The accident occurred at evening twilight. 
 
( ) The aircraft, according to the pilots and eyewitnesses, carried out a lower and 
faster approach than normal, due to gusty wind conditions, and touched down further 
along the runway than normal i.e. almost halfway down the runway. 
 
http://www.smartcockpit.com/safety-ressources/F27-High_Speed_Landing.html 
 
 
 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Which sentence describes a “repeated action” (simple present use)? 
( ) I dream about the day I learn to fly 
( ) Close my eyes 
( ) It's alright 
 
2. Which sentence expresses a “prediction” (future tense use)? 
( ) look out and on the ground 
( ) One day we'll come crashing down 
( ) hope that it's a real smooth flight 
 
3. What can we say about the sentence “I look out, we're going down”? 
( ) It’s the present continuous use, expressing an action in progress. 
( ) It’s the present continuous use, expressing an action in the near future. 
( ) It’s the future use, expressing an action in the near future. 
 
4. We can understand this sentence “I dream about the day I learn to fly” as a prediction. So, 
how could “future tense” be used? 
( ) I will dream about the day I learn to fly 
( ) I dream about the day I will learn to fly 
( ) I will dream about the day I will learn to fly 
 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
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27 
777 Flight Crew Operations Manual 
 
http://www.smartcockpit.com/aircraft-ressources/B777-Airplane_General_and_Emergency_Equipment.htmlFlight Deck Seats 
The flight deck has three seat types: 
• pilot seats (captain and first officer) 
• first observer seat 
• second observer seat. 
 
The pilot seats: 
• recline 
• adjust vertically 
• adjust forward and aft 
• adjust for thigh support 
• adjust for the lumbar region of the back. 
 
The seats also have: 
• adjustable armrests 
• crotch straps 
• inertial–reel shoulder harnesses with manual locks 
• lap belts 
• adjustable headrests. 
The seats move outboard during the last two inches of aft travel. Electric and manual controls 
provide forward, aft, and vertical adjustment. Manual levers provide other adjustments. 
Lumbar and thigh pad support can be adjusted using the adjustment hand wheels. Armrest 
pitch can be adjusted using the control knob under the armrest. The armrests can be stowed vertically 
for easier seat access. The headrest can be adjusted vertically by pulling up or pushing down. The 
headrest angle can be adjusted by moving the cushion to the right and turning it. There are eight 
positions. Adjust the seat to obtain the optimum eye position as shown on the following illustration. 
 
Pilot Seat Adjustment 
 
 
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Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
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IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
28 
No frills, no seats: Ryanair's latest cost-cutting plan 
Plans to get rid of seats and introduce pay-toilets by the budget airline will not happen for at least 
two years, say safety officials. 
Ryanair passengers enjoy sitting down - for now. 
Plans by Ryanair to introduce standing room on its aircraft 
will not happen for at least two years and may never materialize if 
the airline fails to meet stringent European safety requirements. 
The budget airline's boss, Michael O'Leary, will talk about 
his plans to replace 10 rows of seats with a standing area as well as 
introducing a coin-operated toilet on some planes in an interview 
on ITV's How to Beat the Budget Airlines tonight. 
However, safety officials at the European Aviation Safety 
Agency (Easa), which regulates safety issues on European airlines, 
said its rules would have to be ripped up and rewritten in order to allow standing room on Ryanair flights. In 
Easa's certification specifications it states: "A seat (or berth for a non-ambulant person) must be provided for 
each occupant who has reached his or her second birthday." 
"This idea [of Ryanair's] is unprecedented and unlikely to be certified in the near future," said a 
spokesman for Easa. The Civil Aviation Authority, which regulates UK but not Irish airlines, added that 
Easa's safety requirements were "quite stringent" and include rules on restraint during take-off and landing; 
restraint during periods of turbulence; the "crashworthiness" of airline seats; the ability of the seating to 
withstand a certain amount of gravitational force; and evacuation and flammability issues. 
(…) Toilet charges would be introduced at the same time as the standing area, as the idea to charge 
£1 for using the lavatory only came about after the airline started to look at how to introduce standing room. 
It wants to remove both toilets from the back of the plane as well as a row of seats in order to go ahead with 
its plans. "This means we'll only have one loo left at the front of the plane and so clearly we need to 
discourage overuse, hence the charge," he said. 
(…) "People are always slow to accept the changes that face the aviation industry, even though it is 
already almost unrecognizable from 20 to 30 years ago," said a spokesman for the airline. "We have 
already done away with check-in desks, an idea that two years ago people dismissed as a joke. We 
absolutely believe that these new proposals are the future." 
(…) 
http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2010/jul/01/stand-up-for-ryanair 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
29 
 
 
Airline squeeze: It's not you, 'it's the seat' 
By Thom Patterson, CNN 
June 1, 2012 -- Updated 1335 GMT (2135 HKT) 
 
(CNN) -- If you're on a flight -- especially a long one -- a coach class seat can be a 
chair of torture. 
It doesn't take much these days to ruin a perfectly good airplane ride, CNN.com 
readers have made clear. It's a real buzzkill to try to walk down the aisle "with a bag 
on your shoulder, hitting everyone as you pass by," suggests user "Cajuncatdude." (…) 
Two experts with inside knowledge of the airline seat industry-- a vice president 
at a seat manufacturer and a nationally recognized expert in the study of body 
measurements -- recently talked frankly about some of the reasons behind the anger 
and discomfort. 
Are the seats getting smaller? Closer together? Are passengers getting bigger? 
Are we getting angrier? Well, no. Yes. Yes. And it's unclear. 
Americans are getting bigger, says Kathleen Robinette, who's studied human 
body measurements for the U.S. Air Force for three decades. 
But in general, the problem's "not you -- it's the seat," she says with a chuckle. 
Since Robinette's first airline seat study for NASA and the FAA in 1978, she has 
a different perspective when she boards an airliner. "I always see all kinds of arms 
hanging out into the aisles. That means the seats are too narrow, and there's nowhere 
for the shoulders and arms to go except into the aisle because there's not enough room 
in the seat." 
When "you keep getting your arm 
whacked by the cart as it comes down the 
aisle," don't feel guilty, she says. It happens 
to everybody. "And it's because of the 
seats." (…) 
 
Airplane seating has come a long 
way since 1925, when German airline seats 
looked like this. 
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30 
 
(…) In 1962, the U.S. government measured the width of the American backside 
in the seated position. It averaged 14 inches for men and 14.4 inches for women. Forty 
years later, an Air Force study directed by Robinette showed male and female butts 
had blown up on average to more than 15 inches. 
"The seat is a revenue generator," Luedeke says. "Normally if you look at a 737 
or A320 there are three seats on each side. If you wanted maximum comfort you could 
do two on each side -- and make the seats a lot wider. But with the reduced head count 
the operational costs don't work out." (…) Current standard coach seat widths range 
from 17 to 19 inches between the armrests, says Luedeke, and that little piece of real 
estate is known in the industry as "living space." 
The term seems appropriate for some non-stop transoceanic flights that will 
have you inhabiting your "living space" for up to 18 hours. 
"I look at it like, I've leased this space for the next three hours -- or however 
long the flight is," Jeff Luedeke, TIMCO Aerosystems, says. At a recent industry 
convention in Hamburg, Germany, TIMCO asked volunteers to test seats. The testers 
didn't know it, but someseats had cushions and some did not. Many of the testers 
laughed when they found out later that their seats had no cushions. Even funnier: 
Some passengers said the seats without cushions were more comfortable. (…) In 
general, coach seats haven't narrowed over the years, Luedeke says. "I believe it's 
more of a perception caused by seat pitches getting tighter." (…) Over the past few 
years carriers have been moving toward a standard of charging more for seats with 
extra legroom. 
These include seats in the forward coach cabins and emergency aisles that used 
to cost the same as other economy class seats. Also, some airlines have reconfigured 
seats to add a bit more legroom in certain aisles, for a price. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
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31 
TEMA 6 
Landing Gear and Linking Words 
 
 
http://www.smartcockpit.com/aircraft-ressources/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-40-
Landing_Gear.html 
 
 
1. Get some words with your classmates and write them in the box. 
 
 
2. Now use the words to complete the following nominal groups. 
a. Tricycle _______________ gear 
b. Four-wheel __________ 
c. Dual-wheel center gear 
d. Main gear wheel-well ___________ 
e. _______ gear 
f. Multi-disk wheel ___________ 
g. Anti-________ control system 
h. Hydraulic system pressure ______ 
i. Mechanically ______________ 
j. Center gear alternate _____________ 
handle 
k. Truck beams 
l. Gear ________ 
m. Nose gear steering ____________ 
n. Aural warning _______ 
o. Toe ________ 
p. Overhead _______ 
 
3. Read the following newspaper article. 
 
Cancellations add to Brazil's airport chaos; damaged cargo plane blocking busy airport 
runway 
By The Associated Press | Associated Press – Mon, Oct 15, 2012 
SAO PAULO - The lone runway at a busy Brazil airport was blocked by a damaged cargo plane 
Monday, _____________ forcing cancellation of 450 flights and creating a ripple effect of delays across the 
nation. 
A plane from US-based Centurion Cargo blew a tire upon landing at the Campinas airport late Saturday. 
_______________ special equipment is needed to move the massive jet off the runway at Brazil's 9th-busiest 
airport. 
Adding to the mess is the check-in system at Tam Airlines, _________ Brazil's biggest. It was down for 
hours Monday morning, ____________ causing more delays. 
Brazil's airports are under scrutiny as the nation prepares to host the 2014 World Cup and 2016 
Olympics. ______________ the nation has promised to make quick advances in airport capacity and efficiency. 
http://news.yahoo.com/cancellations-add-brazils-airport-chaos-damaged-cargo-plane-184312900.html 
 
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32 
1. Work in pairs. Write down 3 questions about the text (in English). Oral Practice: ask your questions to 
another group of students and check their answers, then, answer their questions. 
2. Analyze the highlighted words. What kind of function do they have? 
CONTRAST – RESULT – ADDITION/LISTING – TIME – EXEMPLIFICATION – EXPLANATION 
– EMPHASIS – REFORMULATION - CORRECTION 
3. Now, try to insert some connectors into the text. Fill in the provided gaps. 
 
 
 
 
 
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33 
 
 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
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IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
34 
 
Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves 
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com) 
 
 
 
 
 
IFSP – Campus São Carlos – Curso TMA / Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 2 (IGTA-2) 
 
35