Aula 02

Esta é uma pré-visualização de arquivo. Entre para ver o arquivo original

LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
1) Particularidades da fala e da escrita. (Particularities of speaking and writing) 
2) Contextos de uso do inglês formal e do informal. (Contexts of use of formal and informal English)
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
Speakers of a language have to be aware of the need to vary language use according to the context of communicative interaction, i.e. language varies with variation in topic, participants, setting, purpose, and medium (verbal or written). 
Moreover, language varies according to academic domains (content areas) and tasks.
There are more than 5 million distinct words in the English language: The Oxford Dictionary of English (2005) lists more than 400,000 entries; William Shakespeare used about 15,000; the average person whose first language is English knows about 4300 words, although they understand the exact meaning of only 70 per cent or so of these. 
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
Despite extensive lexical borrowing, the 
workings of the English language are 
resolutely Germanic, and English 
remains classified as a Germanic 
language due to its structure and 
grammar. Borrowed words get incorporated
into a Germanic system of conjugation and 
syntax, and behave exactly as though they
 were native Germanic words (For example, the word reduce is borrowed from Latin redūcere; however, in English one says "I reduce - I reduced - I will reduce" rather than "redūcō - redūxī - redūcam";
Anyways, the general consensus on the origins of English words are thus: Germanic: 35%		French: 30%	 Latin:30%		Greek: 5% This is just a general way of saying that 60% of English vocabulary as we know it comes from Italic language. 
 
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
SPOKEN AND WRITTEN ENGLISH 
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
SPOKEN AND WRITTEN ENGLISH 
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
LET’S SEE WHAT HAPPENS IN BOTH INTERVIEWS:
Enter, please
I hope you do not mind be being inquisitive, but can I ask you why…
I’m looking forward to…
He doesn’t shake hands.
He interrupts her all the day.
Cheers, bye.
SPEAKING
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
Before you start writing any article, you need to ask yourself 
Who's the target audience?
What’s the best way to communicate my message?
Does my topic require a certain delivery style?
Answering these questions will help you decide if you should use a formal writing style or an informal writing style.
There are 4 different delivery styles that are used:
1) Extemporaneous - previously planned but delivered with the help of few or no notes.
2) Impromptu (Improvised) - delivered without previous preparation
3) Memorization - previously planned and recited from memory
4) Reading (manuscript) - previously planned and read from notes
WRITING
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
WRITING: This is to inform you that your book has been rejected by our publishing company as it was not up to the required standard. In case you would like us to reconsider it, we would suggest that you go over it and make some necessary changes.
SPEAKING: You know that book I wrote? Well, the publishing company rejected it. They thought it was awful. But hey, I did the best I could, and I think it was great. I'm not gonna redo it the way they said I should.
ONE MORE EXAMPLE
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
 1. Active & Passive Voice
Informal: Our technician repaired the fault 
on 12th June. Now it’s your turn to pay us.
Formal: Although the fault was repaired on 
12th June, payment for this intervention 
has still not been received.
 
2. Verb Form: Phrasal Verbs & Latinate
Informal: The company laid him off because he didn't work much.
Formal: His insufficient production conducted to his dismissal.
 
3. Language: Direct & Formulaic (rebuscado)
Informal: I’m sorry but …/I’m happy to say that …
Formal: We regret to inform you that …/We have pleasure in announcing that …
DIFFERENT STYLES BETWEEN INFORMAL & FORMAL ENGLISH
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
 
DIFFERENT STYLES BETWEEN INFORMAL & FORMAL ENGLISH
4. Use of Slang
Informal He had to get some money out of a hole in the wall …
Formal He withdrew the amount from an ATM.
 
5. Personal Form & Nominators
Informal If you lose it, then please contact us as soon as possible.
Formal Any loss of this document should be reported immediately …
 
6. Linking Words
Informal I have never seen a movie I did not like.
Formal I have never seen a movie that I did not like.
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
 
DIFFERENT STYLES BETWEEN INFORMAL & FORMAL ENGLISH
7. Singular & Plural Person
Informal I can help you to solve this problem. Call me!
Formal We can assist in the resolution of this matter. Contact us on our toll-free number.
 
8. Contractions
Informal: He can’t come.
Formal: He cannot come.
 
9. Prepositions:
Informal: He is the man I am talking to.
Formal: He is the man to whom I am talking.
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
 
EXAMPLES
To a friend it is acceptable to say, “Hey Jack, how’re you doing buddy?”
To a Governor you would say, “Good afternoon Governor, how are you doing today?”
To your girlfriend/boyfriend, “Do you want to grab a bite to eat? I need to ask you something.”
To your girlfriend’s father, “Mr. Jones, would you care to have dinner with me tonight? I would like to talk to you about your daughter, and myself.”
To a coworker, “ Morning Joe.”
To your boss or a client, “ Good morning, Mr. Smith or Good morning, sir.”
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
 
EXAMPLES
To a friend, “Man! Was that movie really cool or what, we need to see it again!”
We might say, “Give it to me now!” but in a book we might see it written as “Could you please pass that to me?” 
A person talking to a friend might say “The kids were always sticking filthy whatsits in their gobs – the mum was just useless.” A report written by a social worker might read “The children frequently put dirty toys in their mouths. The mother was not maintaining any order.” 
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
 
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
 
EXERCISES
1. Which of the forms below may be used in a FORMAL context?
A) Kids (children)
B) Guy (man/boy)
C) Awesome (wonderful)
D) Won’t (will not)
E) Invigorating (kindling/making alive)
 
2. Which of the forms below may be used in an INFORMAL context?
A) Cannot (can’t)
B) Begin (commence)
C) Ensure (make sure)
D) Several (many)
E) Please refer to… (Remember – avoid imperative forms)
 
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
 
EXERCISES
 
3. In which alternative all words may be used in a FORMAL context?
A) Can’t (cannot) – Supply (furnish) – Entail (involve)
B) Submit (have to give) – Receive (get) – Carry out (effect)
C) Submit (have to give) – Receive (get) - Effect (carry out)
D) Disclose (tell) – Exceed – Go over
E) On receipt (when we get) – Exceed (go over) – Take away (withdraw)
Aula 2- A Fala e a Escrita
LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
 
1) Particularidades da fala e da escrita. (Particularities of speaking and writing) 
2) Contextos de uso do inglês formal e do informal. (Contexts of use of formal
and informal English)