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 Anatomy Review: The Heart 
Graphics are used with permission of :
adam.com (http://www.adam.com/) 
Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co (http://www.awl.com/bc)
Page 1. Introduction
• The heart is the transport system pump; the delivery routes are the blood vessels. Using blood as the transport medium, the heart propels oxygen, nutrients, wastes, and other substances to and past the body cells.
Page 2. Goals
• To review the anatomy of the heart.
• To review the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
• To review the anatomy of cardiac muscle cells.
Page 3, 4, & 5. Anatomy Views
• Label the diagrams of the heart below:
 
Anterior External View Anterior Superficial Cut-away View
Anterior Deep Cut-away View �
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Right Lateral External View Right Lateral Cut-away View 
 
Posterior External View Posterior Cut-away View 
 
 Left Lateral External View Left Lateral Cut-away View�
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Page 6. Pipes-Pump Analogy
• The heart consists of two side-by-side pumps. The blood vessels are the "pipes" that carry blood throughout the body. The right atrium and right ventricle pump oxygen-poor, CO2-rich blood to the lungs. In the lungs the blood receives oxygen, eliminates carbon dioxide, and travels back to the left atrium of the heart. From the left atrium the oxygen-rich, CO2-poor blood is pumped out to the body by the left ventricle. When the body has depleted the blood's oxygen, the veins return the blood to the right side of the heart and the cycle continues.
• Trace the route of blood through these pipes:
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Page 7. Circulation
• Oxygen-poor blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs. Here it receives oxygen and travels back to the heart. This pathway is the pulmonary circuit. The pathway for the systemic circuit includes the entire body as the left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood out to the body's tissues and organs. After the bloods oxygen is depleted, it returns to the right side of the heart via the venous system.
• On the diagram below, color the oxygen-rich blood red and the oxygen-poor blood blue Label the parts:
		
Page 8. Cardiac Histology
• Three features of the histology of the cardiac muscle:
1. Nuclei
2. Intercalated Disks
3. Cardiac Myofibrils
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Page 9. Cardiac Muscle Cells
• There are two kinds of cell junctions and the intercalated disks. 
• The desmosomes are anchoring junctions that hold adjacent cells together. When the muscle cell contracts, they pull on each other. If it wasn't for the desmosomes, the heart would literally pull itself apart in doing its job.
• The gap junctions allow the stimulating impulse to move across the heart from cell-to-cell so the heart beats as an entire unit. If each cardiac muscle cell were allowed to do its own thing the heart would be useless as a pump.
• Label the parts on the diagram below:
Page 10. Summary
• The heart consists of four chambers: the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
• The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the systemic veins; blood moves to the right ventricle and is pumped out the pulmonary arteries to the lungs.
• The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins; blood moves to the left ventricle and is pumped out the systemic arteries to the body tissues.
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Study Questions on Anatomy Review: The Heart
1. (Pages 3-5.) Label the anterior external view of the heart.
2. (Pages 3-5.) Label the anterior superficial cut-away view of the heart.
3. (Pages 3-5.) Label the anterior deep cut-away view of the heart.
4. (Pages 3-5.) Label the right lateral external view of the heart.
5. (Pages 3-5.) Label the right lateral cut-away view of the heart.
6. (Pages 3-5.) Label the posterior external view of the heart.
7. (Pages 3-5.) Label the posterior cut-away view of the heart.
8. (Pages 3-5.) Label the left lateral external view of the heart.
9. (Pages 3-5.) Label the left lateral cut-away view of the heart.
10. (Page 6.) What's the difference between the blood in the right side of the heart and the blood in the left side of the heart?
11. (Page 6.) Label the diagram on page 6.
12. Page 7.) a. Where does the blood go that is pumped out of the right heart? b. What happens to the blood in the lungs? c. Where does the blood go that is pumped out of the left heart? 
13. (Page 7.) What is the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit?
14. (Page 7.) Label the diagram on page 7.
15. (Page 8.) What three structural features are found on histological images of the cardiac muscle?
16. (Page 9.) What are the names of the two types of cell junctions in cardiac muscle cells?
17. (Page 9.) What is the function of desmosomes?
18. (Page 9.) What is the function of gap junctions?
19. (Page 9.) Label the diagram on page 9.
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Answers to Questions on Anatomy Review: The Heart
1. Left side of heart from top to bottom: superior vena cava, right coronary artery, right atrium, right ventricle, inferior vena cava Right side of heart from top to bottom: aorta, pulmonary trunk, anterior interventricular artery, great cardiac vein, left ventricle
2. Left side of heart from top to bottom: right pulmonary artery, chordae tendineae, papillary muscle Right side of heart from top to bottom: left pulmonary artery, pulmonary semilunar valve
3. Left side of heart from top to bottom: aorta, aortic semilunar valve, right atrium, right ventricle Right side of heart from top to bottom: left atrium, left ventricle, interventricular septum
4. Left side of heart from top to bottom: Superior vena cava, right pulmonary artery, right pulmonary veins, right atrium, inferior vena cava Right side of heart from top to bottom: aorta, right coronary artery, small cardiac vein
5. Left side of heart from top to bottom: Fossa ovalis, Coronary sinus Right side of heart from top to bottom: Right atrium, Tricuspid valve
6. Left side of heart from top to bottom: Aorta, Left pulmonary artery, Left pulmonary vein, Left atrium, Left ventricle Right side of heart from top to bottom: Superior vena cava, Right pulmonary artery, Right pulmonary veins, Coronary sinus, Inferior vena cava
7. Left side of heart from top to bottom: Left atrium, Left ventricle, Chordae tendineae, Papillary muscle Right side of heart from top to bottom: Aortic semilunar valve, Right atrium, Tricuspid valve
8. Left side of heart from top to bottom: Left pulmonary artery, Right ventricle Right side of heart from top to bottom: aorta, Left pulmonary veins, Left ventricle
9. Left side of heart from top to bottom: Aorta, Left pulmonary artery, Aortic semilunar valve, Bicuspid (mitral) valve Right side of heart from top to bottom: Left atrium, Fossa ovalis, Left ventricle
10. In the right side of the heart, the blood is oxygen-poor, CO2-rich. In the left side of the heart, the blood is oxygen-rich, CO2-poor.
11. Top: Pulmonary circuit Left: Right ventricle, Right atrium Right: Left atrium, left ventricle Bottom: Systemic circuit
12. a. to the lungs b. it receives oxygen c. to the organs and the tissues of the rest of the body (besides the lungs)
13. Pulmonary Circuit: Oxygen-poor blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs. Here it receives oxygen and travels back to the left heart. Systemic Circuit: The left sideof the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood out to the body's tissues and organs. After the blood's oxygen is depleted, it returns to the right side of the heart. 
14. Across top of page from left to right: Pulmonary arteries, pulmonary circuit, pulmonary veins Across bottom of page from left to right: Systemic veins, systemic circuit, systemic arteries
15. Nuclei, intercalated disks, and cardiac myofibrils
16. Desmosomes and gap junctions
17. The desmosomes are anchoring junctions that hold adjacent cells together. 
18. The gap junctions allow the stimulating impulse to move across the heart, from cell-to-cell, so the heart beats as an entire unit. 
19. Left side of page from top to bottom: Desmosome, gap junction, T-tubule Right side of page from top to bottom: Sarcoplasmic reticulum, intercalated disk, cardiac myofibril
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