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LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Prof. Fábio Simas
 AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
In this class you are going to:
Study the difference between a prepositional verbs and a phrasal verbs. 
Analyze the definition of Phrasal-Prepositional Verbs.
 
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
Hello everybody!
Old English generally did not possess phrasal verbs as they are found in Present-Day English. They did exist, although they were rare. Much more common in Old English was the inseparable-prefix verb, a form in which the particle was attached to the beginning of the verb. These Old English prefixed verbs are directly comparable to current phrasal forms. 
For example, in Present-Day English, there is the monotransitive verb “to burn” and then the phrasal monotransitive “to burn up.” Old English had “bærnan” (to burn) and “forbærnan” (to burn up). The prefix “for-” remained affixed to the verb and could not move as modern particles can. 
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Such Old English compound verbs were also highly idiomatic, in that the meaning of the compound form did not necessarily reflect the meaning of the root. Old English prefixes often remained before the verb because Old English had strong object-before-verb (OV) tendencies, whereas Present-Day English is largely a VO language, which has made it possible for particles to travel to post-verbal positions. Some Old English verbs did function as modern phrasal verbs do. In the Chronicles of England, the speaker says, “ac he teah forð þa his ealdan wrenceas” (but he drew forth his old tricks). Hence, there was in Old English the rare incidence of phrasal verbs with post-verbal particles. 
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
The incidence of phrasal verbs exploded in Early Modern English. Shakespeare himself applied the form widely throughout the plays. Hiltunen cites a study by Castillo, in which 5744 phrasal verbs have been identified within the body of the plays. Nevalainen (423) also notes Spasov’s study, which analysed 46 plays from the Renaissance to Present-Day English, finding that phrasal verbs remained “below ten per cent of the total of all verbs from his four Early Modern English subperiods, but does exceed the five per cent level from about 1600 onwards.” Hiltunen explains that phrasal verbs were used extensively in Early Modern English dramatic texts because of their variable shades of meaning and productive capacity to be expanded to form new idioms. 
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
I. INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS
A phrasal verb acts is a verb and participle (adverb or preposition) that acts as a single semantic unit. In other words, it's only a phrasal verb if it does in fact change the meaning. If the preposition can be changed, it is not a particle;  therefore, the combination is not a phrasal verb, it is an adverbial clause.
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Compare the following:
The man looked over the gate (round the gate, under the gate, etc.) X The man looked over (=checked) the accounts 
He looked through the window. X He looked through a newspaper. (to search for something.)
Let's go into the dining room. X Let's go into the problem deeply.
He climbed over the building. X I hope you will get over your operation quickly. ("recover from" or "feel better".)
She looked up to see the stars X She looked up to him (= respected)
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Let’s practice: Are these expressions phrasal verbs?
I just didn’t see them. I drove through the traffic lights when they were red.
He wasn’t tall enough and couldn’t climb over the fence.
Could you look after my cat while I’m away?
She sailed through her exams and got top marks.
Quick! Get on the bus. It's ready to leave.
He gets on well with the neighbors.
I don't know where my book is. I have to look for it.
It's dark inside. Can you switch on the light, please?
Fill in the form, please.
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
10.I need some new clothes. Why don't you try on these jeans?
11. It's warm inside. Take off your coat.
12.This pencil is really old. You can throw it away.
13.It's so loud here. Can you turn down the radio a little?
14.The firemen were able to put out the fire in Church Street.
15.He walked across the square
16.She opened the shutters and looked outside.
17.When he heard the crash, he looked up.
The phrasal verbs are in sentences: 3 – 4 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 – 11 – 12 – 13 – 14.
 
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
II. TYPES OF PHRASAL VERBS
A remind from last class: One can discern at least three main types of phrasal verb constructions depending upon whether the verb combines with a preposition, a particle, or both. The words constituting the phrasal verb constructions in the following examples are in bold:
You should not give in so quickly. – in is a particle, not a preposition.
Where do they want to hang out? – out is a particle, not a preposition.
She handed it in. – in is a particle, not a preposition.
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
She takes after her mother. – after is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase after her mother.
Sam passes for a linguist. – for is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase for a linguist.
You should stand by your friend. – by is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase by your friend.
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
d. They were really teeing off on me. – off is a particle and on is a preposition.
e. We loaded up on Mountain Dew and chips. – up is a particle and on is a preposition
f. Susan has been sitting in for me. – in is a particle and for is a preposition.
 Now, let’s take a look at them in more details:
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
II. 1 PARTICLE PHRASAL VERBS (VERB+PARTICLE)
Phrasal verbs can be:
I don't like to get up. (rise from bed)
He was late because his car broke down. (cease to function) 
I was too close to the car in front so I dropped back. (drive more slowly to increase the distance between yourself and the vehicle in front.)
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
We will have to put off the meeting. (postpone)
They turned down my offer (refuse).
Could you please pay the money back / pay back the money as soon as possible after Easter?' 
He ripped the contract up / ripped up the contract even before he had read it.'
They frightened the deer away / frightened away the deer when they got too close to them.' 
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Could
you please pay it back as soon as possible after Easter?
He ripped it up even before he had read it.
They frightened them away when they got too close to them.
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Let’s practice:
Decide the correct order of the story
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
A small fire _______________ in Mrs. Evan's house, because a small pan of milk _______________. She _______________ from the stove, but unfortunately, her apron _______________in smoke. She _______________ next to the cleaning fluid; to make matters worse, it _______________. She _______________ the local fire brigade, who _______________ immediately. The fire engine was barely half way when it _______________, because it _______________ petrol. They managed to _______________ and the fire engine eventually _______________ outside her house. As the fire engine _______________, the flames _______________ and _______________. By that time, however, the house had _______________. Nevertheless, poor Mrs. Evans _______________ a brave face and did not even _______________ in tears at the end.
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
KEY: A small fire (broke out) in Mrs. Evan's house, because a small pan of milk (boiled over). She (pulled it away) from the stove, but unfortunately her apron (went up). She (threw it down/chucked it) next to the cleaning fluid; to make matters worse, it (blew up). She (rang up) the local fire brigade, who (dashed off) immediately. The fire engine was barely half way when it (broke down/ceased working), because it (HAD run out of) petrol. 
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
They managed to (start it up again) and the fire engine eventually (drew up) outside her house. 
As the fire engine (pulled up), the flames (died down) and (went out). By that time, however, the house had (burnt down). Nevertheless, poor Mrs. Evans (put on) a brave face  and did not even (break down) at the end.
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Take a look at more examples
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
II. 2 PREPOSITIONAL PHRASAL VERBS (VERB+PREPOSITION)
Did you talk about me? (discuss) 
Because a preposition always has an object, all prepositional verbs have direct objects (it means that they are always transitive). Here are some examples of prepositional verbs:
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
I can't do without TOBACCO. - I can't do without IT.   
I can't do THIS JOB.  - I can't do IT.
Differently from the first case, this kind of phrasal verb is inseparable.
I ran into MY FRIEND at the night-club. - I ran into HIM at the night-club.
I won't stand for THIS NONSENSE. - I won't stand for IT.
She takes after HER FATHER. - She takes after HIM.
The accountant is looking over THE FIGURES - The accountant is looking over THEM
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Phrasal Verb: They called UP the man. (to telephone)
Prepositional Verb: They CALLED on the man. (to visit) 
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Take a look at more examples:
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
II. 3 PARTICLE-PREPOSITIONAL PHRASAL VERBS (VERB + PARTICLE + PREPOSITION)
She looked up to him (respected) 
He doesn't get on with his wife. have a friendly relationship with 
We have run out of eggs. (use up, exhaust)
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
I'm looking forward to meeting John. OR I'm looking forward to meeting him. 
They didn't get on with their mother. OR They didn't get on with her. 
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
LOOK FORWARD TO (this verb combines the ideas of (1) thinking about some future event, (2) habitually, or at least frequently and, (3) with pleasure.): Harry is looking forward to having lunch with Jane (direct object). (transitive)
PUT UP WITH (tolerate): Sarah sometimes feels she can’t put up with Harry’s behavior (direct object) any longer. (transitive)
LOOK FORWARD TO (this verb combines the ideas of (1) thinking about some future event, (2) habitually, or at least frequently and, (3) with pleasure.): Harry is looking forward to having lunch with Jane (direct object). (transitive)
PUT UP WITH (tolerate): Sarah sometimes feels she can’t put up with Harry’s behavior (direct object) any longer. (transitive)
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
GET AWAY WITH (to do something dangerous or illegal without getting hurt or caught. Notice how the action itself and its lack of bad consequences are merged here): Tom said, “Rich people like Harry think they can get away with anything (direct object).” (transitive)
DO AWAY WITH (To make an end of; eliminate): Most of Harry’s friends feel that corporate income tax should be done away with competition (direct object). (transitive)
LOOK DOWN ON (to have a negative or “low,” opinion of something or somebody because you think you are “above“ them or it; (wealthier, more intelligent, better educated etc.): Jane’s mother had tried to teach her never to look down on poor or ignorant people (direct object). (transitive)
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
LET IN ON (to share information with someone, but furtively and on the condition that it be treated with discretion): Harry grinned and told Dick he was going to let him (direct object) in on a little secret (prepositional object). (ditransitive)
PUT UP TO (to get someone else to do something that is painful or embarrassing or otherwise harmful to someone else because you are afraid or unable to do it yourself): Harry accused Dick (direct object) of having put Jane up to writing the letter (prepositional object). (ditransitive)
TAKE OUT ON (to direct anger, frustration, etc. toward someone who is nearby but who has nothing to do with the cause of the emotion): When Harry has a hangover, he takes it (direct object) out on whoever happens to be around (prepositional object). (ditransitive)
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
NOTE: 
Ditransitive verb = verb + two objects (one direct and the other prepositional).
b) All of the examples given above are strongly idiomatic, and with the exception of look forward to, all are distinctly informal. They are all also in frequent use and would undoubtedly be familiar even to illiterate native speakers. It should be noted, moreover, that despite the fact that idiomatic multi-word verbs so often have single-words substitutes, satisfactory alternatives exist for only two of the examples, put up with and do away with. (tolerate and eliminate) 
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
LET’S PRACTICE: Match the particle prepositional phrasal verbs with their meaning.
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
My friend Janet had always looked up to her boss. 
She always gave in to his demands. 
She said her old typewriter was not up to the job. 
He promised to get rid of her machine. 
One day he went back on his promise 
He suddenly said she would have to put up with it a bit longer. 
She argued, but could not get through to him. 
She stood up to him. 
He talked down to her.  
That was how she fell out with him. 
She had decided to put in for a transfer to another department.  
KEY: 1. respected – 2. Surrendered – 3. could not do – 4. throw away – 5. Broke – 6. Tolerate – 7. communicate with – 8. Confronted – . Belittled – 10. became unfriendly with – 11. apply for
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Take a look at more examples
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
In this class, you:
Studied the difference between a prepositional verbs and a phrasal verbs. 
Analyzed the definition of Phrasal-Prepositional Verbs.
AULA 3: A DISTINÇÃO ENTRE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS E PHRASAL VERBS. PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS.
LÍNGUA INGLESA- ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
 
Next, class we are going to study:
The inversion: general cases.
The inversion after negative adverbs, after “that” and “such” and in conditional sentences without “if”.