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SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Profª. Claudia de Freitas Lopes
Aula 5: REVIEW
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
CLASS CONTENT:
Revisão
 
Texto literário e não literário;
Literatura: conceito e importância;
Literatura, linguagem e cultura;
Linguagem.
 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
LITERARY AND NON-LITERARY TEXTS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
I'm Nobody! Who are you? (260)
 by Emily Dickinson	
I'm Nobody! Who are you?
Are you – Nobody – too?
Then there's a pair of us!
Don't tell! they'd advertise – you know!
How dreary – to be – Somebody!
How public – like a Frog – 
To tell one's name – the livelong June – 
To an admiring Bog
Emily Dickinson
1830-1886
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
THE SELFISH GIANT – OSCAR WYLDE
Every afternoon, as they were coming from school, the children used to go and play in the Giant’s garden. 
It was a large lovely garden, with soft green grass. Here and there over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars, and there were twelve peach-trees that in the spring-time broke out into delicate blossoms of pink and pearl, and in the autumn bore rich fruit. The birds sat on the trees and sang so sweetly that the children used to stop their games in order to listen to them. “How happy we are here!” they cried to each other. 
One day the Giant came back. He had been to visit his friend the Cornish ogre, and had stayed with him for seven years. 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
After the seven years were over he had said all that he had to say, for his conversation was limited, and he determined to return to his own castle. When he arrived he saw the children playing in the garden. 
“What are you doing here?” he cried in a very gruff voice, and the children ran away. 
“My own garden is my own garden,” said the Giant; “any one can understand that, and I will allow nobody to play in it but myself.” So he built a high wall all round it, and put up a notice-board. 
TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED 
He was a very selfish Giant. 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
The poor children had now nowhere to play. They tried to play on the road, but the road was very dusty and full of hard stones, and they did not like it. They used to wander round the high wall when their lessons were over, and talk about the beautiful garden inside. “How happy we were there,” they said to each other. Then the Spring came, and all over the country there were little blossoms and little birds. Only in the garden of the Selfish Giant it was still winter. The birds did not care to sing in it as there were no children, and the trees forgot to blossom. Once a beautiful flower put its head out from the grass, but when it saw the notice-board it was so sorry for the children that it slipped back into the ground again, and went off to sleep. The only people who were pleased were the Snow and the Frost. 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
“Spring has forgotten this garden,” they cried, “so we will live here all the year round.”
The Snow covered up the grass with her great white cloak, and the Frost painted all the trees silver. Then they invited the North Wind to stay with them, and he came. He was wrapped in furs, and he roared all day about the garden, and blew the chimney-pots down. “This is a delightful spot,” he said, “we must ask the Hail on a visit.” So the Hail came. Every day for three hours he rattled on the roof of the castle till he broke most of the slates, and then he ran round and round the garden as fast as he could go. He was dressed in grey, and his breath was like ice. 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
Ms. Margarget Manager Chief Executive Officer Acme Company
 Dear Ms. Manager,
I am writing to notify you that I am resigning from my position as Customer Service Manager with Acme Company. My last day of employment will be February 1.
I appreciate the opportunities I have been given during my time with your company, as well as your professional guidance and support. 
I wish you and the company the best of success in the future. 
If I can assist with the transition, please do let me know. 
Very sincerely, 
Jill Applicant 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
When we two parted 
In silence and tears, 
Half broken-hearted 
To sever for years, 
Pale grew thy cheek and cold, 
Colder thy kiss; 
Truly that hour foretold 
Sorrow to this.   
   
The dew of the morning 
Sunk chill on my brow --- 
It felt like the warning 
Of what I feel now. 
Thy vows are all broken, 
And light is thy fame; 
I hear thy name spoken, 
And share in its shame.
WHEN WE TWO PARTED
Lord Byron (1788-1824)
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
They name thee before me, 
A knell to mine ear; 
A shudder comes o'er me --- 
Why wert thou so dear? 
They know not I knew thee, 
Who knew thee too well: --- 
Long, long shall I rue thee, 
Too deeply to tell.   
In secret we met --- 
In silence I grieve, 
That thy heart could forget, 
Thy spirit deceive. 
If I should meet thee 
After long years, 
How should I greet thee? --- 
With silence and tears.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
Non-literary text forms an independent part of a publication. Non-literary texts are informational writing: factual material, informational explanations, newspaper articles, textbooks, journal and diary entries, and so forth that are published in newspapers, Informative magazines current affairs news and educative articles. Non-literary composition uses facts and figures to proof a point. Non-literary composition is written objectively. In contrast, Literary texts are fictional compositions based on the artist’s will and imaginations and are therefore subjective. Poetry, novels, short stories and dramas are written in a particular way, and this is referred to as literary text. In literary texts, authors creatively create feelings and ideas to entertain their audiences. Examples of literary texts are poems, short stories and dramas.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
There is a classical sense in which literary and nonliterary may be distinguished. This distinction is important for those studying Literature. In the context of classical literature studies, literary and nonliterary refer to stylistic elements. This is also a distinction important to those wishing to establish careers as literary authors.
Literary works are those that have significantly complex and detailed literary devices particularly in metaphor and symbolism. Also important are literary elements of chronology and psychological characterization. Metaphor and symbolism are significant and distinguish literary from nonliterary because deeper meanings are embedded in the text through these techniques. A text rich in metaphor and symbolism will impart both literal and figurative meanings and will accommodate deeper and more layered themes.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
The element of chronology is significant because the times present, past and future can be used to serve greater purposes than cause and effect, before and after sequencing of events. Chronology can either develop unity or create fragmentation; it can be cohesive or it can disrupt and disturb. Psychological characterization, which makes the character more important than the character's actions,  develops and exposes the mental, cognitive and emotional processes that build or curtail relationships, drive or thwart motivation, bring happiness and luck or despair and anguish.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
In contrast, nonliterary refers to texts that are thin on metaphor and symbolism: these texts want to tell a story and to entertain. The thematic elements and issues are simple and easily identifiable, if there are themes rather than simple morals. Chronology is true to life with a few flashbacks for providing backstory if needed. Action and events outweigh character development and psychological depth.
These distinguishing characteristic are applicable, with variations, to fiction and nonfiction. Literary nonfiction may be considered represented by biographies and autobiographies that seek to explore the metaphors and the symbols suggested by real life experience in order to understand universal characteristics of human life. 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
Chronology may be used to explore a wider range of associated events and relationships, while psychological understanding drives the progress and depth of the narrative revealing inner motives, confusion, restlessness etc in order to examine the human condition and the driving forces behind success and failure, happiness and sorrow.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
It is a curious and prevalent opinion that literature, like all art, is a mere play of imagination, pleasing enough, like a new novel, but without any serious or practical importance. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Literature preserves the ideals of a people; and ideals--love, faith, duty, friendship, freedom, reverence--are the part of human life most worthy of preservation. The Greeks were a marvelous people; yet of all their mighty works we cherish only a few ideals,--ideals of beauty in perishable stone, and ideals of truth in imperishable prose and poetry. It was simply the ideals of the Greeks and Hebrews and Romans, preserved in their literature, which made them what they were, and which determined their value to future generations. 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
In a word, our whole civilization, our freedom, our progress, our homes, our religion, rest solidly upon ideals for their foundation. Nothing but an ideal ever endures upon earth. It is therefore impossible to overestimate the practical importance of literature, which preserves these ideals from fathers to sons, while men, cities, governments, civilizations, vanish from the face of the earth.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
Literature and Language
Literature, written in a specific language, enable readers to understand the culture in which that language is spoken more deeply. This is due to the fact that language is the medium of literature and that each language has its own distinctive features, which are peculiar to a people and their way of conceiving the world. 
Skilled writers and the use they make of language enable them to express ideas that will contribute significantly, not only to our delirium, but also to the cultural content of a society. 
Besides, literature enables readers to understand the social patterns that were/are considered important to a society and highlights those factors which are essential for that society.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
Language is a uniquely human feature. Thus, it distinguishes us from other animals and enables us to express ourselves in a creative and flexible manner. It permeates our daily lives and that linguists recognize its primacy in the way we conceive the world.
Human language has certain characteristics that cannot be found in the communication systems of other animals, such as creativity, arbitrariness and duality (design features). 
Although animals are also able to communicate to some extent, their communication is not speech mainly because it’s very restricted, but also because it lacks the flexibility of human language.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
Creativity → the capacity human beings have to produce and understand an infinite number of sentences they had never heard before.
arbitrariness → the lack of natural resemblance between the forms of linguistic signs and their meaning.
Duality → it refers to the way elements which have no meaning, such as sounds and letters (one level) combine in order to form meaningful elements, such as words (another level).
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
Language Functions - a lot of what we say is for a specific purpose. Whether we are apologizing, expressing a wish or asking permission, we use language in order to fulfill that purpose. Each purpose can be known as a language function. Savignon describes a language function as “the use to which language is put, the purpose of an utterance rather than the particular grammatical form an utterance takes” (Savignon, 1983). 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
It has to do with the way speakers organize language in order to fulfill a specific purpose, therefore making their speech more meaningful.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
The Referential Function corresponds to the factor of Message and describes a situation, object or mental state. The descriptive statements of the referential function can consist of both definite descriptions and deictic words, e.g. "The autumn leaves have all fallen now.“
The Expressive (alternatively called "emotive" or "affective") Function relates to the Addresser (sender) and is best exemplified by interjections and other sound changes that do not alter the denotative meaning of an utterance but do add information about the Addresser's (speaker's) internal state, e.g. "Wow, what a view!"
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
The Conative Function engages the Addressee (receiver) directly and is best illustrated by vocatives and imperatives, e.g. "Tom! Come inside and eat!“
The Poetic Function focuses on "the message for its own sake"[3] (the code itself, and how it is used) and is the operative function in poetry as well as slogans.
The Phatic Function is language for the sake of interaction and is therefore associated with the Contact factor. The Phatic Function can be observed in greetings and casual discussions of the weather, particularly with strangers. It also provides the keys to open, maintain, verify or close the communication channel: "Hello?", "Ok?", "Hummm", "Bye"...The Metalingual (alternatively called "metalinguistic" or "reflexive") Function 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Aula 5: REVIEW
Besides, we discussed Saussure’s view that the sign is composed of two parts 
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