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1.
		Choose the option which does not describe the Naturalism:
	
	
	
	
	
	Character determined by heredity;
	
	 
	Nature as a source of intuition
	
	 
	Detached method of narration;
	
	
	Observation of a darker side of life.
	
	
	Characters from lower socioeconomic class;
	
	
	
		2.
		The term Naturalism was invented by-------------- mainly to impress the reading public that something updated was about to occur in his fiction.
	
	
	
	
	 
	Emile Zola
	
	
	Anne Bradstreet
	
	
	Jean Paul Sartre
	
	
	Benjamin Franklin
	
	
	Sinclair Lewis
	
	
	
		3.
		Choose the word which best completes the following sentence: There is a conflict in naturalistic novels, in which man is often against nature or against himself. Consequently, the characters fight for the civilization against pressures that threaten to release the 'brute within'" (Campbell). This way, nature is indifferent to man and the universe is --------------
	
	
	
	
	
	subjective
	
	
	crowded
	
	
	empty
	
	
	global
	
	 
	deterministic
	
	
	
		4.
		At the time of his death, Crane had become an important figure in American literature. He was nearly forgotten, however, until two decades later when critics revived interest in his life and work. Stylistically, Crane's writing is characterized by:
	
	
	
	
	
	descriptive vividness and intensity, as well as distinctive dialects and dignity.
	
	
	descriptive vividness and intensity, as well as distinctive alphabets and irony.
	
	
	descriptive vividness and intensity, as well as distinctive dialects and tyranny.
	
	
	descriptive vividness and intensity, as well as distinctive dialects and liberty.
	
	 
	descriptive vividness and intensity, as well as distinctive dialects and irony.
	
	
	
		5.
		______________is essentially a literary expression of determinism. Associated with bleak, realistic depictions of lower-class life, determinism denies religion as a motivating force in the world and instead perceives the universe as a machine.
	
	
	
	
	
	Modernism
	
	
	Cubism
	
	
	Realism
	
	
	Romanticism
	
	 
	Naturalism
	
	
	
		6.
		The Naturalism focused on the human nature, controlled by their passions and instincts, the same way the characters were directed related to their environment and heredity. Needless to say, this movement became a logical extension of ------------------.
	
	
	
	
	
	Modernism
	
	 
	Romanticism
	
	
	Puritanism
	
	
	Transcendentalism
	
	 
	Realism
	
	
	
		7.
		Naturalistic writers believed governmental laws were supposed to be interpreted through the objective study of human beings. Besides, the writers used this --------------- as raw material to write their novels.
	
	
	
	
	 
	scientific method
	
	
	logical outline
	
	
	romantic pattern
	
	
	historical data
	
	
	moral code
	
	
	
		8.
		Many consider The Age of Innocence to be the best of Edith Wharton's literature. It has been described as a "masterful portrait of desire and betrayal set in the New York of her youth." The book is a historical novel, describing the events of a New York long since changed. In fact, the original title of the book was ________________. The novel describes her own adolescence.
	
	
	
	
	
	Virginia
	
	
	Babbitt
	
	
	The Grapes of Wrath
	
	 
	Old New York
	
	
	The Conjure Woman
		
		During the Age of Reform, in the 1820s, idealistic Americans began an eager rush to improve American society, producing an outburst of reform movements. Some of these movements were:
	
	
	
	
	
	The organizations to maintain slavery, secure women¿s rights, provide better care for the mentally ill, and improve prisons.
	
	
	The organizations to provide better care for the mentally ill, and improve prisons and to maintain slavery.
	
	
	The organizations to secure women¿s rights, provide better care for the mentally ill, and close prisons.
	
	 
	The organizations to end slavery, stop drunkenness, secure women¿s rights, provide better care for the mentally ill, and improve prisons.
	
	 
	The organizations to sustain slavery, to maintain the free trade drinks, secure women¿s rights, provide better care for the mentally ill, and improve prisons.
		_____________belonged to an aristocratic New York family with ancestry dating back three centuries. As a daughter of society , her role was to learn the mannerisms and rituals expected of well-bred young women in those days. Later she would rebel against this role but as a child she was schooled at home and had the privilege of use of her father's extensive library. She was privately educated at home and in Europe.
	
	
	
	
	
	Harriet Jacobs
	
	
	Harriet Beecher Stowe
	
	 
	Edith Wharton
	
	 
	Mary Wilkins Freeman
	
	
	Sarah Orne Jewett
		
		Twain's style is based on colloquial American speech full of realism and definitely gave American writers a new way of expressing their ------------------.
	
	
	
	
	
	romantic characteristics
	
	
	sad stories
	
	 
	national voice
	
	
	European style
	
	
	strange tales
	 Gabarito Comentado
	
	
		2.
		Huckleberry Finn has inspired countless literary interpretations. Clearly, the novel is a story of death, rebirth, and initiation. The escaped slave, Jim, becomes a father figure for Huck; in deciding to save Jim, Huck grows morally beyond the bounds of his slave-owning society. It is Jim¿s adventures that initiate Huck into the:
	
	
	
	
	
	complexities of human nature and give him immoral courage.
	
	
	complexities of animal nature and give him moral courage.
	
	 
	complexities of human nature and give him moral courage.
	
	
	complexities of human nature and give him no moral courage.
	
	
	facilities of human nature and give him moral courage.
	
	
	
		3.
		For __________________of the late 19th century, realism was not merely a literary technique: It was a way of speaking truth and exploding worn-out conventions.
	
	
	
	
	 
	Mark Twain and other American writers
	
	
	Emily Dickinson and other American writers
	
	
	Walt Whitman and other American writers
	
	
	Herman Melville and other American writers
	
	
	Nathaniel Hawthorne and other American writers
	
	
	
		4.
		The ideas of realism were profoundly liberating and potentially at odds with society. The most well-known example is Huck Finn, a poor boy who decides to follow the voice of his conscience and help a Negro slave escape to freedom, even though Huck thinks this means that:
	
	
	
	
	
	he will be damned to hell for breaking the chains.
	
	 
	he will be damned to hell for breaking the law.
	
	 
	he will be blessed to hell for breaking the law.
	
	
	he will be damned to hell for no-breaking the law.
	
	
	he will be damned to heaven for breaking the law.
	
	
	
		5.
		During the Age of Reform, an expanding network of roads and canals united different sections of the country. Two new inventions revolutionized transportation, they were:
	
	
	
	
	
	the battery and conductor
	
	
	the rotator and the railroad
	
	
	the electricity and bifocal eyeglasses
	
	
	the steamboat and the lightning rod
	
	 
	the steamboat and the railroad
	
	
	
		6.
		Twain ´s writing clearly contributes to themovement of Realism because he
	
	
	
	
	
	writes romantic tales
	
	
	he represents life in an ideal way
	
	 
	views humans as naturally sinful people capable of good and bad things equally
	
	
	paints humans as heroes who overcome anything
	
	
	writes about ancient values
	
	
	
		7.
		In Mark Twain¿s masterpiece, Huckleberry Finn, from 1884, the main character was a son of __________, who was adopt by a respectable family. It was set in the ____________ village of St. Petersburg. Huck grows impatient with ________________ and plans to escape to ¿the territories¿ ¿ Indian lands. The ending gives the reader the counter-version of the classic American success myth: the open road leading to the pristine wilderness, away from the morally corrupting influences of ¿civilization.¿
	
	
	
	
	
	an alcoholic bum / Mississippi Canyon / civilized society
	
	 
	an alcoholic bum / Mississippi River / uncivilized society
	
	
	an alcoholic lawyer / Mississippi River / civilized society
	
	 
	an alcoholic bum / Mississippi River / civilized society
	
	
	an alcoholic dummy / Mississippi River / civilized society