Buscar

E1 ING Módulos 32.doc REVIEW

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você viu 3, do total de 6 páginas

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você viu 6, do total de 6 páginas

Prévia do material em texto

Tipo: 1o ano do ensino médio
Matéria: Inglês
Frente: única
Assunto: Complete Review
Número do módulo:
( 16 da Segunda Parte (Módulo 32 no geral)
�
�
CAPÍTULO XVI: Complete Review.
>>> AGT 1 <<< 
, September 8, 2003
By Geoffrey Cowley
NEWSWEEK 
 
 Sept. 8 issue — Andrew Bacalao has a good, sharp mind. At 13, HE’S a decent pianist, a devotee of Frank Lloyd Wright, a master at videogames and jigsaw puzzles. HE REMEMBERS PHONE NUMBERS like a Pocket PC, and he CAN dismantle a radio or a flashlight in the time IT TAKES some people to find the POWER SWITCH. 
 BUT DROP IN ON ANDREW at home in Oak Park, Ill., and you quickly sense that something is amiss. “CAN you look at HER?” HIS mom, Dr. Cindy Mears, prompts, as a NEWSWEEK correspondent greets HIM in the LIVING ROOM. HE STAYS on the couch, feet up, mesmerized by a handheld game called Bop It Extreme. Soon HE’S MAKING soap bubbles and running outside to bang on the windows. Andrew does eventually talk, but CONVERSATION DOESN’T COME EASILY. When HIS MOM ASKS him not to burp, HE TELLS the guest, “I’M GOING TO UNBUTTON your outfit.” HE’S OFFERING to take HER jacket — and HE SEEMS to think HIS choice of words is just fine.
 WHAT DO YOU MAKE of such a kid? A generation ago, he MIGHT have been written off as a discipline problem or a psychopath — someone who insists on misbehaving even though he’s smart enough to know BETTER. But we now know THERE ARE different kinds of intelligence, which CAN crop up in unusual combinations. The world, as IT TURNS OUT, is full of people who find fractal geometry EASIER THAN small talk, people who CAN SPOT a tiny lesion on a chest X-ray but CAN’T TELL a smile from a smirk. Most of these folks qualify as “autistic,” but not in the traditional sense. Classic autism is A DEVASTATING NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER. Though its causes are unclear, it has a strong genetic component and IS MARKED by RAPID BRAIN GROWTH during early childhood. MANY sufferers are mentally retarded and require LIFELONG INSTITUTIONAL CARE. But AUTISM HAS MANY OTHER FACES. The condition, as experts now conceive it, is like HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE— a “spectrum disorder” in which affected people differ from the rest of us only by degrees. The question is, degrees of what? CAN autistic tendencies be measured on some scale? If so, is there a clear boundary between normal and abnormal? And is abnormality always a bad thing? WHAT PROMISE DOES LIFE HOLD FOR PEOPLE LIKE ANDREW?
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PSYCHOLOGIST Simon Baron-Cohen has a thesis that bears on all these questions. In a bold new book called “The Essential Difference,” he DEFINES autism as an imbalance between two kinds of intelligence: the kind used to understand people (he calls it “EMPATHIZING”) and the kind used to understand things (“systemizing”). Though most of us have both abilities, studies suggest that females are BETTER THAN males at EMPATHIZING, while males have a STRONGER knack for SYSTEMIZING. By Baron-Cohen’s account, autism is just an exaggerated version of the male profile—an extreme fondness for rule-based systems, coupled with an inability to intuit PEOPLE’S FEELINGS and intentions. The truth MAY NOT be quite that simple, but the concepts of “E” and “S” offer a powerful new framework for THINKING about boys, girls and autism. If Baron-Cohen is right, autism is not just a disease in need of a cure. It’s a mental style that people CAN LEARN to accommodate. Sometimes it’s even a gift. 
 IT’S NO SECRET that AUTISM AFFECTS boys more than girls. Males account for more than 80 percent of the million-plus Americans with autistic disorders. Are these conditions partly an expression of male thought patterns? DO BOYS LIVE CLOSER TO THE AUTISTIC SPECTRUM THAN GIRLS? Not in every case. But when researchers study groups of people — infants, toddlers, teens or adults—an interesting pattern emerges. Newborn girls gaze LONGER at faces THAN at mechanical mobiles, while boys show the opposite preference. By the age of 3, girls are MORE ADEPT than boys at IMAGINING fictional CHARACTERS’ FEELINGS, and by 7 they’re BETTER at identifying a faux pas in a story. The disparity is just as striking when adults are asked to interpret facial expressions and tones of voice. Women rule.
 ( ACIMA, JÁ HÁ ALGUNS AGTS SEPARADOS EM NEGRITO. MAS, SE QUISER, DESTAQUE OS 10 QUE MAIS INTERESSEM A VOCÊ:
1) O que é ?
 Por que ?
2) O que é ?
 Por que ?
3) O que é ?
 Por que ?
4) O que é ?
 Por que ?
5) O que é ?
 Por que ?
6) O que é ?
 Por que ?
7) O que é ?
 Por que ?
8) O que é ?
 Por que ?
9) O que é ?
 Por que ?
10) O que é ?
 Por que ?
>>> AGT 2 <<<
( A Sugar Cube, Please: I Need to Charge My Cellphone
By ANNE EISENBERG
PRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=L"
LOTS of people shun sugar these days. It's out of favor in POPULAR LOW-CARBOHYDRATE DIETS.
But sugar MAY yet be redeemed. A small organism that feeds on IT CAN convert ITS calories not to flab on the midriff but to a far MORE RESPECTABLE product: a modest but steady stream of electricity.
Two scientists at the University of Massachusetts have discovered A NOVEL SUGAR-LOVING MICRO-ORGANISM, Rhodoferax ferrireducens, that MAY one day serve as a stable source of low power.
"It's a sort of bacterial battery," said Derek R. Lovley, AN ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGIST who LED the research. The results are reported in the current online issue of Nature Biotechnology.
Dr. Lovley CULTURED the bug in an Amherst laboratory, far from the aquifer in Oyster Bay, Va., where he found it. Then he housed it in A SIMPLE TWO-COMPARTMENT FUEL CELL. As IT FED on and metabolized sugar, the electrons freed in the process ACCUMULATED on an electrode in the fuel cell, producing a current. "IT CAN transfer more than 80 percent of the electrons available in the sugar," DR. LOVLEY SAID, "contrary to most previous microbial fuel cells that use sugar and deliver in the range of 10 percent."
The bacterial battery MIGHT one day have many applications, for example, in sensors in remote locations, or in household devices that WOULD DRAW on agricultural or other SUGAR-BASED WASTE for power. DR. LOVLEY'S ORGANISM DID its job not only with sucrose, fructose and glucose - the simple sugars found, for instance, in fruits, beets and sugar cane - but also with xylose, a part of wood and straw.
MANY research groups in the United States and abroad ARE WORKING on biofuel cells that use microbes to convert organic matter like sugar into electricity, said G. Tayhas R. Palmore, an associate professor of engineering at Brown University who does research on biofuel cells. 
"People have been trying to make microbial fuel cells for decades," she said, but have been vexed by low returns. 
"Typically THE BUG USES all of the energy from the sugar to grow and live," Dr. Palmore said, instead of giving up electrons from the oxidative process. But Dr. Lovley's bug is highly efficient. "He's found an organisms happy to give ITS electrons to the electrode," SHE SAID.
MANY MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS INCREASE their efficiency by using a special compound to enter the organism, collecting the electrons that accumulate and carting them off to an electrode. Such mediators MUST typically be replenished. "But DR. LOVLEY'S BUG DOES the work all by itself," DR. PALMORE SAID, "without the intermediate components WE PUT in to facilitate electron transfer."
Dr. Lovley's fuel cell has an electrode at either end. As it dines, THE MICRO-ORGANISM CONVERTS the glucose solution into carbon dioxide, simultaneously generating electrons that are deposited on the electrode and travel through an external circuit to the other electrode. 
"WE NEED only a small number of organisms because they gain energy and rapidly increase in number," Dr. Lovley said. In HIS laboratory the organismflourished, colonizing the surface of the electrode and producing STABLE LONG-TERM POWER for up to 25 days. The current, about 200 microamps per square meter, was modest, about enough to run a calculator. 
Minor technical improvements INCREASED its output. "When we USED graphite felt rather than rods for the electrodes, WE HAD an approximate threefold increase in current,'' he said. 
R. ferrireducens belongs to a group of micro-organisms Dr. Lovley and colleagues have discovered only in the past few years. Often described as iron-breathing, they use iron for metabolic energy just as HUMANS USE oxygen to burn food. 
"THEY LIVE in an environment with no oxygen, but lots of iron," Dr. Lovley said. "So THEY EVOLVED the strategy of iron respiration," grabbing carbon from sediment on the seafloor and releasing carbon dioxide, then transferring the electrons that ACCUMULATED to nearby iron oxides or rust. "To the organism," he said, "THE ELECTRODE IN THE FUEL CELL PROBABLY LOOKS LIKE IRON OXIDE, its usual repository
 ( ACIMA, JÁ HÁ ALGUNS AGTS SEPARADOS EM NEGRITO. DESTAQUE OS 10 QUE MAIS INTERESSEM A VOCÊ:
1) O que é ?
 Por que ?
2) O que é ?
 Por que ?
3) O que é ?
 Por que ?
4) O que é ?
 Por que ?
5) O que é ?
 Por que ?
6) O que é ?
 Por que ?
7) O que é ?
 Por que ?
8) O que é ?
 Por que ?
9) O que é ?
 Por que ?
10) O que é ?
 Por que ?
>>> Special Text <<<
1) The book "Do’s and Taboos of preparing for Your Trip Abroad" advises people going abroad to:
a) Keep away from people of other nationalities.
b) Speak in a low voice in public.
c) Dress as the locals do.
d) Keep out of trouble.
e) Try to blend in only with foreigners.
Spiders on marijuana are so laid back, they weave just so much of their webs and then, it just doesn’t seem to matter any more. On the soporific drug chloral hydrate, they drop off before they even get started. A spider’s skill at apinning its web is so obviously affected by the ups and downs of different drugs that scientists at NASA`s Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama think spiders could replace other animals in testing the toxicity of chemicals:(New Scientist, April29, 1995)
2) According to the text, spiders
a) Are unable to weave when on chloral hydrate.
b) Weave more webs when on marijuana.
c) Spin their webs more enthusiastically when on drugs.
d) On chloral hydrate drop off soon after they start weaving.
e) On soporifics are so laid back that they experience more ups and downs.
3) Segundo o texto, para os cientistas da NASA no Alabama, as aranhas:
a) Poderiam ser substituídas por outros animais para testar a toxicidade de substâncias químicas.
b) Têm seu comportamento mais afetado pela maconha do que pelo hidrato de cloral.
c) São tão facilmente intoxicadas pelas drogas utilizadas em testes quanto qualquer outro animal.
d) Poderiam substituir outros animais para reduzir a intoxicação dos químicos durante os testes.
e) Poderiam ser utilizadas em testes para detectar a toxicidade de produtos químicos, substituindo outros animais.
Why do bees fuss about so much when they fly, instead of forming a tidy flock like birds? Birds flying in a flock keep to a highly ordered pattern, whereas a swarm of bees is a cloud of chaos. This difference has long puzzled scientists, but now a team of Japanese researchers has come up with a simple mathematical model to explain it. (The researchers) began with a simple analogys. Stars in a galaxy move under the influence of each other’s gravity in a way that can be described by Newton`s laws. Identify the influences felt by an insect or bird, the researchers reasoned, and its flying patterns should be just as easy to preditc:(Adapted from New Scientist, 15 june 1996)
4) De acordo com o texto acima:
a) Ao voarem em grupo, as abelhas não se posicionam de forma ordenada.
b) Os cientistas acreditam que as abelhas não gostam de voar em grupos.
c) As aves agitam-se tanto quanto as abelhas durante o vôo.
d) Ao aproximar-se de um bando de aves, um enxame de abelhas transformam-se em uma nuvem de caos.
e) Quanto maior o bando de aves, mais ordenado é seu vôo.
5) De acordo com o texto acima:
a) As leis de Newton descrevem algumas influências sentidas por um inseto ou ave durante o vôo.
b) É impossível prever se o vôo de um grupo de insetos ou de aves será ordenado ou caótico.
c) É mais fácil prever a posição dos insetos ou aves durante o vôo do que a das estrelas em uma galáxia .
d) Ao aproximar-se de um bando de aves, um enxame de abelhas transformam-se em uma nuvem de caos.
e) Conhecidas as influências que afetam cada ave ou inseto, a organização de vôo do grupo torna-se previsível.
6) A forma correta do singular de "Why do bees fuss about so much when fly?" é:
a) Why does bee fuss about so much when it fly?
b) Why do an bee fusses about so much when it flies?
c) Why does a bee fuss about so much when it flies?
d) Why does a bee fuss about so much when it fly?
e) Why does a bee fusses about so much when it flies?
People wearing glasses look odd during video conferences because their lenses reflect a disturbing image of the screen, but Nokia of Finland has come up with a clever solution (EP 812 106). Since all TV screens go blank for a few milliseconds as one picture frame replaces another, Nokia proposes synchronizing the camera with the screen, so pictures are taken only when the screen is blank. All this happens so quickly that the effect is not noticeable - especially as the picture quality of video conferences is far inferior to that of broadcast TV.(New Scientist, 04 july)
7) O texto diz que videoconferência:
a) As lentes da Nokia refltem uma imagem de ótima qualidade.
b) A qualidade da imagem fica prejudicada para os que usam óculos com lentes grossas.
c) As pessoas que usam óculos parecem esquisitas, pelo fato de que suas lentes refletem a imagem da tela. 
d) A imagem fica embaçada para aqueles que usam lentes comuns.
e) As pessoas enxergam melhor com os óculos fabricados pela Nokia.
8) De acordo com o texto, qual a sugestão da Nokia?
a) Substituição de um quadro por outro.
b) Sincronia entre câmera e tela.
c) Combinação simultânea de imagens. 
d) Eliminação do quadro durante alguns milissegundos.
e) Preenchimento do branco das telas de TV.
9) Conforme o texto, a finalidade do EP 812 106 é:
a) Sincronizar as imagens no espaço de milissegundos.
b) Melhorar a qualidade de transmissão da televisão.
c) Ressaltar a qualidade de uma videoconferência. 
d) Transmitir até mesmo as imagens distantes de qualidade inferior.
e) Captar as imagens no momento em que a tela estiver em branco.
Working women in Japan are more likely to be married than not these days, a sharp reversal of the traditional pattern. But for most of them, continuing to work after the wedding is an easier choice than having children. Despite some tentative attempts by government and business to make the working world and parenthood compatible, mothers say Japan’s business culture remains unfriendly to them. Business meetings often begin at 6 p.m. or later, long hours of unpaid overtime are expected, and companies routinely transfer employees to different cities for years. As a result, many woman are choosing work over babies, causing the Japanese birthrate to fall to a record low in 1999 - an average 1.34 babies per women - an added woe for this aging nation.(The Washington Post National Weekly Edition, 21 august, 2000)
10) Acording to the passage, the majority of working women in Japan:
a) Expect to stop working after getting married.
b) Do not like the idea oh having children.
c) Are choosing to remain single in order to keep their jobs. 
d) Have been afraid to fight against traditional roles.
e) Would rather keep theirjobs than have children.
>>> UFRJ 98 <<<
( TEXTO I: CELLULAR DEMAND
The demand for cellular telephone in Brazil is very high. Today there are only 2 million cellular phones for a population of 158 million; an estimated 4 million Brazilians are on waiting lists. By 2003, the government expects that the number of cell phones will reach 17 million. 
(NEWSWEEK, Special Advertising Section, July 14, 1997) 
Responda à questão 1, em PORTUGUÊS, com base no texto I. 
( QUESTÃO 1
A que se referem os seguintes valores numéricos presentes no texto I? 
a) 2 milhões
b) 158 milhões
c) 4 milhões
d) 17 milhões
TEXTO II 
	PRIVATE�Bar codes to identify missing children 
IT COULD prove the perfect solution for parents worried about losing their children. The European Commission is considering a Belgian plan to sew supermarket-style bar codes into children´s clothing to help identify them if they go missing, writes Peter Conradi. 
Under the scheme, devised by a Belgian company and computer experts at Louvain University, parents would buy blank versions of the so-called junior stripe badges which could be programmed with the children´s details at a police station. 
	
Policemen, coastguards and other officials would have electronic pens and software to read the strips. Besides the names and addresses of the children, the bar code could contain other information such as their blood group. Families on holiday, when most children go missing, could include a hotel address. 
(SUNDAY TIMES, July 13, 1997:19) 
Responda às questões 2 e 3, em PORTUGUÊS, com base no texto II. 
( 
O texto apresenta um novo uso para o código de barras. 
a) Mencione sua finalidade.
b) Explique como as crianças o usariam. 
Cite as quatro informações que poderiam estar contidas no código de barras usado por crianças em férias. 
TEXTO III 
	PRIVATE�1 
	WE MUST EXAMINE THE ISSUE OF CLONING from all sides, weigh the consequences and benefits, and ultimately reach a unified decision that will make the world a better place. 
Stephen Haxton, age 15 
Cochrane, Canada 
	2 
	AS A PERSON WHO LOVES BEAUTIFUL clothes, I was stunned by the murder of Versace. My heart aches for his family. 
Patricia De Cordova
Acapulco, Mexico 
	3 
	I RECOGNIZED THE NAMES OF ONLY SIX OF your silly 25 Most Influential. Last year I recognized eight. I can´t remember who they were, and neither does anyone else. 
Joyce Tracksler
Bedford,New Hampshire 
	4 
	THE CONSTANT INFLUENCE OF PROGRES- sive business and global trade, applied one way for the past 155 years, has shaped the Hong Kong of today. Now the all-engrossing question is, Will the straightforward and pragmatic - thus successful - British way prevail over the multimillenarian Chinese way? 
Silvano Corrêa
São Paulo 
	5 
	AFTER A NUMBER OF DULL ISSUES, YOUR editors finally awakened. Your "What´s Cool This Summer" is fantastic [ May 26 ]! The articles are interesting, well written and lots of fun. Well done! 
J. Weyman Vogel
Fairview Park, Ohio 
Revista TIME, seção de cartas. 
Responda à questão 4 com base no texto III.
( 
Indique o número da carta na qual o leitor: 
a) parabeniza
b) sugere
c) lamenta
d) questiona
TEXTO IV 
ONE THING IS CLEAR: MARS IS A DEAD planet. The most important thing we learn from the Mars exploration is that good planets are hard to find. We must take care of the one we have. 
Seifu Hailu - Boston 
Revista TIME, seção de cartas. 
Responda à questão 5, em PORTUGUÊS, com base no texto IV. 
( 
Esclareça qual é o alerta feito pelo leitor na última frase. 
TEXTO V 
TRANSPLANT surgeons work miracles. They take organs from one body and integrate them into another, granting the lucky recipient a longer, better life. Sadly, every year thousands of other people are less fortunate, dying while they wait for suitable organs to be found. The terrible constraint on organ transplantation is that every life extended depends on the death of someone young enough and healthy enough to have organs worth transplanting. Such donors are few. The waiting lists are long, and getting longer.
Freedom from this constraint is the dream of every transplant surgeon. So far attempts to make artificial organs have been disappointing: nature is hard to mimic. Hence the renewed interest in trying to use organs from animals.
(The Economist, Dec. 21, 1996) 
Responda às questões 6 e 7, em PORTUGUÊS, com base no texto V.
( 
Quais devem ser as condições do doador antes de morrer para que seus órgãos possam ser doados? 
( 
Por que as tentativas de usar órgãos artificiais em transplante não têm sido bem sucedidas? 
( 
Escolha, dentre os fragmentos abaixo, aqueles que completam as frases do texto VI de forma lógica e gramaticalmente correta. Escreva a numeração no seu caderno de respostas. 
1) ... unless you can peel or shell it yourself.
2) ... which is thoroughly cooked and still hot.
3) ... after going to the lavatory, before handling food and before eating.
4) ... unless you are sure it is made from safe water.
5) ... can be suspect in some countries.
6) ... boil it, sterilise it with disinfectant tablets or use bottled water. 
TEXTO VI 
	PRIVATE�Eat and Drink ... Safely 
	a) · Always wash your hands... 
b) · If you have any doubts about the water available for drinking, washing food or cleaning teeth, ... 
c) · Avoid uncooked food... 
d) · Avoid ice ... 
	(Adapted from "Health advice for travellers" , Department of Health, U.K., Oct. 96 : 4) 
TEXTO VII 
HOSPITALS are to be judged by standards of medical care rather than administrative efficiency, the Government said yesterday.
The latest set of criteria will assess not how quickly patients arriving in casualty are greeted by a nurse, but how good their treatment is likely to be. The switch in emphasis was announced with the publication of the fourth and last set of National Health Service performance indicators. 
(THE TIMES, July 10, 1997) 
Answer questions 9 and 10 in ENGLISH, based on text VII. 
( 
a) How were hospitals judged in the past?
b) What is going to be evaluated now? 
( QUESTÃO 10
Copy from the text a synonym for each of the following words: 
a) instead of
b) the most recent
c) evaluate
d) change
( Gabarito 
QUESTÃO 4 
a) ( 5 )
b) ( 1 )
c) ( 2 )
d) ( 4 )
QUESTÃO 5
O alerta é o de que devemos cuidar do planeta em que vivemos. 
QUESTÃO 9
a) By administrative efficiency / b) The standards of medical care 
QUESTÃO 10
a) rather than
b) latest
c) assess
d) switch

Outros materiais