<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Módulo 2 \u2013 História fundamental <span class="_0 blank"> </span><span class="fs1">1</span></div></div><div class="c x0 y2 w1 h3"><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y3 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">MÓDULO 2</div></div><div class="c x0 y4 w1 h3"><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">História - Fundamental</div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x0 h6 y6 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0">\u2018</div></div><div class="c x0 y7 w1 h7"><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y8 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0">Índice</div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x0 h6 y9 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A administração colonial.................................................................................................. 1</div><div class="t m0 x0 h6 ya ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Direitos dos donatários e direitos do rei.......................................................................... .2</div><div class="t m0 x0 h6 yb ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Economia colonial.............................................................................................................4</div><div class="t m0 x0 h6 yc ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A empresa açucareira........................ ................................................................................6</div><div class="t m0 x0 h6 yd ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Invasão dos holandeses......................................................................................................8</div><div class="t m0 x0 h6 ye ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O governo português controlando as minas....................................................................14</div><div class="t m0 x0 h6 yf ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Com quem ficou o ouro do Brasil...................................................................................15</div><div class="t m0 x0 h6 y10 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Formação do povo brasileiro...........................................................................................16</div><div class="t m0 x0 h6 y11 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Minas Gerais ...................................................................................................................18</div><div class="t m0 x0 h6 y12 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Agora é a sua vez.............................................................................................................27</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x4 y13 w2 h9" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/21114b6d-3b10-422a-bd0e-9a5eb4ed3432/bg2.png"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Módulo 2 \u2013 História fundamental <span class="_0 blank"> </span><span class="fs1">2</span></div></div><div class="c x0 y14 w1 ha"><div class="t m0 x1 hb y15 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Unidade III</div></div><div class="c x0 y16 w1 ha"><div class="t m0 x1 hb y15 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A Administração colonial</div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x0 hc y17 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A descentralização da administração colonial</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y18 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> Portugal decidiu iniciar a colonização do Brasil com o objetivo de:</div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y19 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">\u25cfpreservar <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>posse <span class="_1 blank"> </span>da <span class="_1 blank"> </span>terra <span class="_1 blank"> </span>brasileira, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>que <span class="_1 blank"> </span>estava <span class="_1 blank"> </span>sendo <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ameaçada <span class="_1 blank"> </span>por <span class="_1 blank"> </span>povos </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y1a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">concorrentes;</div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y1b ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">\u25cfexplorar economicamente a colônia brasileira.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y1c ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mas <span class="_2 blank"> </span>o <span class="_2 blank"> </span>governo <span class="_2 blank"> </span>português <span class="_2 blank"> </span>não <span class="_2 blank"> </span>tinha <span class="_2 blank"> </span>condições <span class="_2 blank"> </span>financeiras <span class="_2 blank"> </span>de <span class="_2 blank"> </span>financiar <span class="_2 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y1d ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">colonização; <span class="_3 blank"> </span>pois <span class="_3 blank"> </span>nesta <span class="_3 blank"> </span>época <span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>lucro <span class="_3 blank"> </span>com <span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>comércio <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_3 blank"> </span>especiarias <span class="_3 blank"> </span>tinha <span class="_3 blank"> </span>caído </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y1e ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">bastante. <span class="_4 blank"> </span>A <span class="_4 blank"> </span>solução <span class="_4 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_4 blank"> </span>transferir <span class="_4 blank"> </span>as <span class="_4 blank"> </span>despesas <span class="_4 blank"> </span>da <span class="_4 blank"> </span>colonização <span class="_4 blank"> </span>para <span class="_5 blank"> </span>pessoas <span class="_5 blank"> </span>particulares.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y1f ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Portanto <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>colônia <span class="_7 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_7 blank"> </span>dividida <span class="_7 blank"> </span>em <span class="_7 blank"> </span>quinze <span class="_7 blank"> </span>grandes <span class="_7 blank"> </span>lotes <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>terra <span class="_8 blank"> </span>(capitanias),<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>em <span class="_8 blank"> </span>1534, </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y20 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pelo rei D. João III.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y21 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Esses <span class="_9 blank"> </span>grandes <span class="_9 blank"> </span>lotes <span class="_9 blank"> </span>foram <span class="_9 blank"> </span>entregues <span class="_9 blank"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y22 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pessoas <span class="_5 blank"> </span>(nobre <span class="_5 blank"> </span>português), <span class="_5 blank"> </span>que <span class="_5 blank"> </span>tinham<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>interesse <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y23 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">investir na exploração da colônia. Quem recebia uma </div><div class="t m0 x0 he y24 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">capitania era chamado de <span class="ff3">donatário.</span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y25 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Os <span class="_a blank"> </span>donatários <span class="_a blank"> </span>ou <span class="_a blank"> </span>capitães <span class="_a blank"> </span>donatários <span class="_a blank"> </span>eram </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y26 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">nomeados <span class="_8 blank"> </span>pelo <span class="_8 blank"> </span>rei <span class="_8 blank"> </span>como <span class="_4 blank"> </span>autoridade<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>máxima <span class="_8 blank"> </span>dentro </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y27 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">da <span class="_7 blank"> </span>capitania. <span class="_b blank"> </span>Após <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span>morte <span class="_7 blank"> </span>destes, <span class="_b blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>capitania <span class="_b blank"> </span>era </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y28 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">entregue <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_4 blank"> </span>seus <span class="_8 blank"> </span>descendentes. <span class="_c blank"> </span>Razão <span class="_c blank"> </span>pela <span class="_c blank"> </span>qual <span class="_c blank"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x0 he y29 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">capitanias <span class="_d blank"> </span>eram <span class="_d blank"> </span>chamadas <span class="_d blank"> </span>de <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ff3">capitanias </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 he y2a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">hereditárias.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y2b ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Os donatários <span class="_a blank"> </span>não eram exatamente <span class="_a blank"> </span>donos </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y2c ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">daquelas <span class="_3 blank"> </span>terras. <span class="_a blank"> </span>Não<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>podiam <span class="_a blank"> </span>vender <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>capitania. </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y2d ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tinham <span class="_7 blank"> </span>autorização <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>doar <span class="_7 blank"> </span>pedaços <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>terras </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y2e ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(sesmarias).Cada <span class="_5 blank"> </span>donatário <span class="_5 blank"> </span>ganhou <span class="_5 blank"> </span>amplos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>poderes </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y2f ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">em <span class="_4 blank"> </span>sua <span class="_c blank"> </span>capitania, <span class="_c blank"> </span>mandando <span class="_c blank"> </span>em <span class="_c blank"> </span>todas <span class="_c blank"> </span>as <span class="_c blank"> </span>pessoas. </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y30 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Sua <span class="_b blank"> </span>única <span class="_b blank"> </span>obrigação <span class="_b blank"> </span>era <span class="_7 blank"> </span>pagar<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>impostos <span class="_b blank"> </span>ao <span class="_b blank"> </span>rei <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y31 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">Portugal.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y32 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_5 blank"> </span>relação <span class="_e blank"> </span>jurídica <span class="_e blank"> </span>entre <span class="_5 blank"> </span>os <span class="_e blank"> </span>donatários <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e <span class="_e blank"> </span>o <span class="_5 blank"> </span>rei <span class="_e blank"> </span>de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Portugal <span class="_e blank"> </span>era <span class="_5 blank"> </span>estabelecida <span class="_e blank"> </span>em <span class="_5 blank"> </span>dois </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y33 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">documentos: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>carta <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>doação <span class="_8 blank"> </span>(posse <span class="_8 blank"> </span>hereditária<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>da <span class="_7 blank"> </span>terra <span class="_8 blank"> </span>); <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>carta <span class="_7 blank"> </span>foral <span class="_8 blank"> </span>(direitos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y34 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">deveres dos donatários).</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Módulo 2 \u2013 História fundamental <span class="_0 blank"> </span><span class="fs1">3</span></div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x0 hc y35 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Direitos dos donatários e direitos do<span class="_6 blank"> </span> rei</div><div class="t m0 x0 he y36 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O donatário </div><div class="t m0 x6 hd y37 ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0d8<span class="ff4 ls0 ws0">Criar vilas e distribuir sesmarias a quem quisesse cultivá-las.</span></div><div class="t m0 x6 hd y38 ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0d8<span class="ff4 ls0 ws0">Exercer <span class="_6 blank"> </span>autoridade <span class="_6 blank"> </span>no <span class="_e blank"> </span>campo <span class="_6 blank"> </span>judicial <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_e blank"> </span>administrativo. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Podiam <span class="_6 blank"> </span>até <span class="_e blank"> </span>autorizar <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>pena </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y39 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">de morte.</div><div class="t m0 x6 hd y3a ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0d8<span class="ff4 ls0 ws0">Escravizar os índios e também mandá-los para Portugal como escravos. </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 hd y3b ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0d8<span class="ff4 ls0 ws0">Receber a vigésima parte dos lucros no comércio do pau-brasil.</span></div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y3c ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O rei</div><div class="t m0 x6 hd y3d ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0d8<span class="ff4 ls0 ws0">Tinha o monopólio (exclusividade) da exploração do pau-brasil.</span></div></div><div class="c x6 y3e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x1 h10 y3f ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0d8<span class="ff1 ls0 ws0"> Dez por cento dos lucros de todos os produtos da colônia.</span></div></div><div class="c x6 y40 w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x1 h10 y3f ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0d8<span class="ff1 ls0 ws0"> Um <span class="_f blank"> </span>quinto <span class="_f blank"> </span>sobre <span class="_f blank"> </span>metais <span class="_f blank"> </span>e <span class="_f blank"> </span>pedras <span class="_f blank"> </span>preciosas <span class="_f blank"> </span>encontradas <span class="_f blank"> </span>e <span class="_f blank"> </span>a <span class="_f blank"> </span>emissão <span class="_f blank"> </span>de <span class="_f blank"> </span>moedas <span class="_f blank"> </span>que </span></div></div><div class="c x5 y41 w4 hf"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3f ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">circulassem na colônia.</div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x5 hd y42 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Analisando <span class="_5 blank"> </span>essa <span class="_5 blank"> </span>divisão <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>direitos, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>percebemos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>que<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>o <span class="_5 blank"> </span>rei <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Portugal <span class="_5 blank"> </span>ficava <span class="_5 blank"> </span>com </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y43 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">os <span class="_a blank"> </span>melhores <span class="_3 blank"> </span>benefícios <span class="_a blank"> </span>que <span class="_a blank"> </span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Brasil <span class="_a blank"> </span>pudesse <span class="_a blank"> </span>oferecer.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>As <span class="_3 blank"> </span>despesas <span class="_a blank"> </span>necessárias <span class="_a blank"> </span>à </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y44 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">colonização ficavam por conta dos donatários.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y45 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O resultado das capitanias hereditárias</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y46 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O <span class="_7 blank"> </span>sistema <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>capitanias <span class="_7 blank"> </span>não <span class="_7 blank"> </span>trouxe <span class="_7 blank"> </span>os <span class="_7 blank"> </span>resultados <span class="_7 blank"> </span>que <span class="_7 blank"> </span>se <span class="_7 blank"> </span>esperavam. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>As <span class="_7 blank"> </span>únicas </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y47 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">capitanias <span class="_e blank"> </span>que <span class="_5 blank"> </span>prosperaram <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e <span class="_e blank"> </span>deram <span class="_5 blank"> </span>lucros <span class="_5 blank"> </span>foram <span class="_e blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Pernambuco <span class="_e blank"> </span>e <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de <span class="_e blank"> </span>São <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Vicente. </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y48 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Deram lucros com a produção de açúcar.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y49 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Problemas enfrentados pelas demais capitanias</div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y4a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">As demais capitanias enfrentaram problemas como:</div><div class="t m0 x6 he y4b ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0d8<span class="ff3 ls0 ws0">falta <span class="_c blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"> </span>dinheiro<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>donatários<span class="ff4">: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>as <span class="_8 blank"> </span>capitanias <span class="_8 blank"> </span>eram <span class="_8 blank"> </span>enormes, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>os <span class="_8 blank"> </span>donatários </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y4c ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">sem dinheiro, acabaram perdendo o interesse.</div><div class="t m0 x6 he y4d ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0d8<span class="ff3 ls0 ws0"> revoltas <span class="_b blank"> </span>das <span class="_b blank"> </span>tribos <span class="_b blank"> </span>indígenas<span class="ff4">: <span class="_b blank"> </span>os <span class="_7 blank"> </span>índios <span class="_b blank"> </span>lutavam <span class="_b blank"> </span>para <span class="_b blank"> </span>combater <span class="_b blank"> </span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span>invasão <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y4e ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">suas <span class="_e blank"> </span>terras <span class="_e blank"> </span>e <span class="_e blank"> </span>contra <span class="_e blank"> </span>a <span class="_e blank"> </span>escravidão <span class="_5 blank"> </span>que <span class="_e blank"> </span>o <span class="_e blank"> </span>colonizador <span class="_e blank"> </span>queriam <span class="_e blank"> </span>lhes <span class="_e blank"> </span>impor <span class="_5 blank"> </span>; <span class="_e blank"> </span>tornando </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y4f ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">difícil a colonização.</div><div class="t m0 x6 he y50 ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0d8<span class="ff3 ls0 ws0"> dificuldades <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_a blank"> </span>comunicação <span class="_3 blank"> </span>entre <span class="_a blank"> </span>as <span class="_3 blank"> </span>capitanias <span class="_a blank"> </span>e <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Portugal<span class="ff4">: <span class="_a blank"> </span>as <span class="_3 blank"> </span>grandes </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y51 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">distâncias e a precariedade dos meios de comunicação provocando o isolamento.</div><div class="t m0 x6 he y52 ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1">\uf0d8<span class="ff3 ls0 ws0"> as <span class="_6 blank"> </span>dificuldades<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>com<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_e blank"> </span>lavoura<span class="ff4">: <span class="_e blank"> </span>nem <span class="_e blank"> </span>todas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>as <span class="_e blank"> </span>terras <span class="_e blank"> </span>eram <span class="_6 blank"> </span>boas <span class="_e blank"> </span>para <span class="_e blank"> </span>o <span class="_e blank"> </span>plantio <span class="_6 blank"> </span>da </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y53 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">cana-de-açúcar, desestimulando o donatário.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y54 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O maior erro foi desprezar os índios neste processo de colonização.</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Módulo 2 \u2013 História fundamental <span class="_0 blank"> </span><span class="fs1">4</span></div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x0 hc y55 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Administração centralizada da colônia</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y56 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Quando <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o <span class="_6 blank"> </span>rei <span class="_e blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Portugal <span class="_6 blank"> </span>percebeu <span class="_6 blank"> </span>as <span class="_e blank"> </span>dificuldades <span class="_6 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_6 blank"> </span>donatários, <span class="_e blank"> </span>procurou <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ajudá-</div><div class="t m0 x0 he y57 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">los, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>criando <span class="_1 blank"> </span>um <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ws1">governo-geral</span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>para <span class="_2 blank"> </span>o <span class="_2 blank"> </span>Brasil. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>O <span class="_2 blank"> </span>governador-geral <span class="_1 blank"> </span>era <span class="_2 blank"> </span>nomeado </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y58 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">diretamente pelo rei e representava a maior autoridade dentro da Colônia.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y59 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Os <span class="_c blank"> </span>três <span class="_c blank"> </span>primeiros <span class="_c blank"> </span>governadores-gerais <span class="_c blank"> </span>foram <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Tomé <span class="_c blank"> </span>de <span class="_c blank"> </span>Sousa, <span class="_c blank"> </span>Duarte <span class="_c blank"> </span>da <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Costa <span class="_c blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y5a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mem <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Sá. <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Com <span class="_5 blank"> </span>eles, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>vieram <span class="_4 blank"> </span>novos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>colonos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e <span class="_4 blank"> </span>alguns <span class="_5 blank"> </span>jesuítas-religiosos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>da <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Companhia </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y5b ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Jesus, <span class="_e blank"> </span>chefiados <span class="_6 blank"> </span>por <span class="_e blank"> </span>padre <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Manuel <span class="_e blank"> </span>da <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Nóbrega. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>O<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>objetivo <span class="_e blank"> </span>dos <span class="_6 blank"> </span>jesuítas <span class="_e blank"> </span>era <span class="_6 blank"> </span>catequizar </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y5c ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">os <span class="_e blank"> </span>índios <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e <span class="_e blank"> </span>conseguir <span class="_5 blank"> </span>sua <span class="_e blank"> </span>colaboração. <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Os <span class="_e blank"> </span>jesuítas <span class="_5 blank"> </span>fundaram <span class="_e blank"> </span>colégios<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>que <span class="_5 blank"> </span>deram <span class="_e blank"> </span>origem </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y5d ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">a vilas, que mais tarde transformaram em cidades.</div><div class="t m0 x5 he y5e ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Em <span class="_10 blank"> </span>1549, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>chegou <span class="_10 blank"> </span>o <span class="_10 blank"> </span>primeiro <span class="_10 blank"> </span>governador-geral<span class="ff3">, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Tomé <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Sousa. <span class="_10 blank"> </span>C</span>om <span class="_10 blank"> </span>ele, </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y5f ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">funcionários <span class="_4 blank"> </span>públicos <span class="_c blank"> </span>responsáveis <span class="_4 blank"> </span>pela <span class="_c blank"> </span>administração <span class="_4 blank"> </span>da <span class="_c blank"> </span>colônia. <span class="_c blank"> </span>E <span class="_4 blank"> </span>em <span class="_c blank"> </span>seu <span class="_4 blank"> </span>governo <span class="_c blank"> </span>foi </div><div class="t m0 x0 he y60 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">fundada <span class="_11 blank"> </span>a <span class="_11 blank"> </span>primeira <span class="_11 blank"> </span>cidade <span class="_11 blank"> </span>brasileira, <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ws1">Salvador</span>, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>que <span class="_11 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_11 blank"> </span>também <span class="_11 blank"> </span>a <span class="_11 blank"> </span>primeira <span class="_11 blank"> </span>capital <span class="_11 blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y61 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">Brasil.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y62 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Logo perceberam <span class="_11 blank"> </span>que uma <span class="_11 blank"> </span>cidade<span class="_6 blank"> </span> com <span class="_11 blank"> </span>tão poucos <span class="_11 blank"> </span>moradores,<span class="_6 blank"> </span> era <span class="_11 blank"> </span>impossível </div><div class="t m0 x0 he y63 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">controlar <span class="_6 blank"> </span>uma colônia<span class="_6 blank"> </span> tão<span class="_6 blank"> </span> grande.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> Em <span class="_6 blank"> </span>muitas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>localidades <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o <span class="_6 blank"> </span>poder <span class="_6 blank"> </span>estava <span class="_6 blank"> </span>com <span class="_6 blank"> </span>as <span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff3">câmaras </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 he y64 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">municipais<span class="ff4 ws0">, <span class="_c blank"> </span>também <span class="_4 blank"> </span>chamadas <span class="_c blank"> </span>de <span class="_c blank"> </span>câmaras <span class="_c blank"> </span>dos <span class="_4 blank"> </span>homens <span class="_c blank"> </span>bons. <span class="_c blank"> </span>Elas <span class="_c blank"> </span>eram <span class="_4 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_c blank"> </span>espécie </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y65 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">de prefeitura.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y66 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Os interesses da Metrópole eram defendidos,<span class="_6 blank"> </span> no Brasil, pelos órgãos <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e funcionários </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y67 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">do <span class="_e blank"> </span>governo-geral, <span class="_e blank"> </span>junto <span class="_e blank"> </span>às <span class="_e blank"> </span>câmaras <span class="_e blank"> </span>municipais, <span class="_e blank"> </span>que <span class="_5 blank"> </span>cuidavam <span class="_e blank"> </span>da <span class="_e blank"> </span>administração <span class="_e blank"> </span>local <span class="_e blank"> </span>das </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y68 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">vilas.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y69 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">As <span class="_b blank"> </span>câmaras <span class="_b blank"> </span>municipais <span class="_7 blank"> </span>não <span class="_b blank"> </span>tinham <span class="_b blank"> </span>nada <span class="_b blank"> </span>de <span class="_b blank"> </span>democráticas. <span class="_b blank"> </span>Só <span class="_b blank"> </span>podiam <span class="_b blank"> </span>participar </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y6a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">delas <span class="_5 blank"> </span>os <span class="_4 blank"> </span>homens <span class="_5 blank"> </span>bons,<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>isto <span class="_4 blank"> </span>é, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>os <span class="_4 blank"> </span>homens <span class="_4 blank"> </span>ricos. <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Eles <span class="_4 blank"> </span>eram <span class="_4 blank"> </span>os <span class="_5 blank"> </span>proprietários <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de <span class="_4 blank"> </span>terras, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y6b ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">escravos <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>gado. <span class="_12 blank"> </span>Formavam <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>aristocracia <span class="_12 blank"> </span>rural <span class="_3 blank"> </span>da <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Colônia, <span class="_12 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_3 blank"> </span>seja, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>classe </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y6c ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">dominante.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y6d ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">As <span class="_8 blank"> </span>funções <span class="_8 blank"> </span>das <span class="_8 blank"> </span>câmaras <span class="_7 blank"> </span>municipais <span class="_8 blank"> </span>eram: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>estabelecer <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>preço <span class="_8 blank"> </span>das <span class="_8 blank"> </span>mercadorias; </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y6e ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">propor <span class="_11 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_11 blank"> </span>recusar <span class="_11 blank"> </span>tributos <span class="_11 blank"> </span>reais; <span class="_11 blank"> </span>organizar <span class="_11 blank"> </span>expedições <span class="_11 blank"> </span>contra <span class="_11 blank"> </span>os <span class="_11 blank"> </span>indígenas; <span class="_11 blank"> </span>cuidar <span class="_11 blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y6f ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">construção de povoados; fiscalizar a atuação de capitães, funcionários e delegados <span class="_6 blank"> </span>do rei. </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y70 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Às <span class="_e blank"> </span>vezes, <span class="_e blank"> </span>as <span class="_e blank"> </span>câmaras <span class="_6 blank"> </span>municipais,<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>entravam <span class="_e blank"> </span>em <span class="_e blank"> </span>choque <span class="_6 blank"> </span>com <span class="_e blank"> </span>os <span class="_e blank"> </span>funcionários <span class="_e blank"> </span>do <span class="_e blank"> </span>rei </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y71 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">de Portugal que trabalhavam no Brasil.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y72 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Entretanto, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>até <span class="_7 blank"> </span>meados <span class="_b blank"> </span>do <span class="_8 blank"> </span>século <span class="_b blank"> </span>XVII, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>poder <span class="_7 blank"> </span>das <span class="_7 blank"> </span>câmaras <span class="_7 blank"> </span>não<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_7 blank"> </span>combatido </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y73 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pela <span class="_c blank"> </span>Metrópole. <span class="_c blank"> </span>Havia <span class="_c blank"> </span>coincidência <span class="_c blank"> </span>entre <span class="_4 blank"> </span>os <span class="_c blank"> </span>interesses <span class="_c blank"> </span>da <span class="_c blank"> </span>Metrópole <span class="_c blank"> </span>e <span class="_c blank"> </span>os <span class="_c blank"> </span>dos <span class="_c blank"> </span>senhores </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y74 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">rurais <span class="_4 blank"> </span>da <span class="_c blank"> </span>Colônia. <span class="_c blank"> </span>Mas <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a <span class="_c blank"> </span>partir <span class="_4 blank"> </span>da <span class="_c blank"> </span>metade <span class="_c blank"> </span>do <span class="_4 blank"> </span>século <span class="_c blank"> </span>XVII, <span class="_c blank"> </span>os <span class="_4 blank"> </span>interesses <span class="_c blank"> </span>já <span class="_c blank"> </span>não <span class="_4 blank"> </span>eram <span class="_c blank"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y75 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">mesmos.</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Módulo 2 \u2013 História fundamental <span class="_0 blank"> </span><span class="fs1">5</span></div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x5 hd y76 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Diante desta <span class="_f blank"> </span>grave <span class="_f blank"> </span>crise, <span class="_f blank"> </span>Portugal <span class="_f blank"> </span>decidiu <span class="_f blank"> </span>aumentar <span class="_f blank"> </span>a <span class="_f blank"> </span>exploração <span class="_f blank"> </span>da <span class="_f blank"> </span>Colônia, </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y77 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">procurando <span class="_6 blank"> </span>fortalecer <span class="_6 blank"> </span>sua <span class="_6 blank"> </span>autoridade <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>metrópole <span class="_e blank"> </span>sobre o <span class="_e blank"> </span>Brasil. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Era <span class="_6 blank"> </span>necessário <span class="_6 blank"> </span>diminuir </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y78 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">o poder das câmaras municipais e dominar o orgulho dos poderosos senhores rurais.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y79 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_5 blank"> </span>administração <span class="_5 blank"> </span>do <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Brasil <span class="_e blank"> </span>como<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>colônia <span class="_e blank"> </span>durou<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>até <span class="_5 blank"> </span>1815, <span class="_e blank"> </span>e <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>partir <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>então <span class="_5 blank"> </span>o <span class="_5 blank"> </span>país </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y7a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">passou à condição de Reino Unido ao de Portugal e Algarves.</div></div><div class="c x0 y7b w1 ha"><div class="t m0 x1 hb y15 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A economia colonial</div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x5 hd y7c ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Já vimos <span class="_6 blank"> </span>que a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>colonização do <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Brasil foi <span class="_6 blank"> </span>montada de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>acordo com <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o sistema <span class="_6 blank"> </span>colonial </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y7d ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">mercantilista.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y7e ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_11 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_b blank"> </span>econômica <span class="_11 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_11 blank"> </span>organizada <span class="_11 blank"> </span>para <span class="_b blank"> </span>atender <span class="_11 blank"> </span>aos <span class="_11 blank"> </span>interesses <span class="_b blank"> </span>do <span class="_11 blank"> </span>mercado </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y7f ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">externo <span class="_4 blank"> </span>do <span class="_4 blank"> </span>comércio <span class="_4 blank"> </span>europeu. <span class="_c blank"> </span>Quase <span class="_4 blank"> </span>nada <span class="_4 blank"> </span>era <span class="_4 blank"> </span>produzido <span class="_4 blank"> </span>no <span class="_c blank"> </span>Brasil <span class="_4 blank"> </span>para <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="_4 blank"> </span>consumo <span class="_4 blank"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y80 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">brasileiros. <span class="_c blank"> </span>Quem <span class="_8 blank"> </span>comandava <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_c blank"> </span>economia <span class="_8 blank"> </span>da <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Colônia <span class="_c blank"> </span>era <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Metrópole, <span class="_c blank"> </span>uma <span class="_8 blank"> </span>dominação </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y81 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">político-econômica que caracteriza o pacto colonial.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y82 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O <span class="_c blank"> </span>pacto <span class="_c blank"> </span>colonial <span class="_c blank"> </span>tinha, <span class="_c blank"> </span>portanto, <span class="_c blank"> </span>uma <span class="_c blank"> </span>regra <span class="_8 blank"> </span>básica: <span class="_c blank"> </span>a <span class="_c blank"> </span>Colônia <span class="_c blank"> </span>só <span class="_c blank"> </span>podia <span class="_c blank"> </span>produzir <span class="_c blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y83 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">que a <span class="_11 blank"> </span>Metrópole não <span class="_13 blank"> </span>tinha condições <span class="_11 blank"> </span>de fazer. Jamais <span class="_11 blank"> </span>a Colônia <span class="_11 blank"> </span>concorreria com a </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y84 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Metrópole; tinha a função exclusiva de serví-la.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y85 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Elementos fundamentais da economia colonial</div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y86 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A economia colonial tinha três elementos fundamentais:</div><div class="t m0 x0 he y87 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1. <span class="_c blank"> </span>Monocultura<span class="ff4">: <span class="_c blank"> </span>é <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_c blank"> </span>produção <span class="_c blank"> </span>agrícola <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_c blank"> </span>um <span class="_c blank"> </span>só <span class="_8 blank"> </span>produto. <span class="_c blank"> </span>No <span class="_c blank"> </span>período <span class="_8 blank"> </span>colonial, <span class="_c blank"> </span>o <span class="_c blank"> </span>Brasil </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y88 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">praticou <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>monocultura <span class="_8 blank"> </span>exportadora,<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>isto <span class="_8 blank"> </span>é, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>produzia <span class="_7 blank"> </span>em <span class="_8 blank"> </span>larga <span class="_8 blank"> </span>escala <span class="_8 blank"> </span>um <span class="_7 blank"> </span>único <span class="_8 blank"> </span>produto </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y89 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">agrícola, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>como <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="_5 blank"> </span>açúcar, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>depois <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="_5 blank"> </span>algodão <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e <span class="_5 blank"> </span>outros. <span class="_4 blank"> </span>A <span class="_5 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_4 blank"> </span>era <span class="_5 blank"> </span>toda <span class="_4 blank"> </span>voltada <span class="_5 blank"> </span>para <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y8a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mercado externo.</div><div class="t m0 x0 he y8b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2. <span class="_b blank"> </span>Latifúndio<span class="ff4">: <span class="_b blank"> </span>é <span class="_11 blank"> </span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span>grande <span class="_b blank"> </span>propriedade <span class="_b blank"> </span>rural, <span class="_b blank"> </span>de <span class="_b blank"> </span>um <span class="_11 blank"> </span>só <span class="_7 blank"> </span>dono.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>A <span class="_b blank"> </span>monocultura <span class="_b blank"> </span>levou <span class="_11 blank"> </span>ao </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y8c ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">desenvolvimento <span class="_6 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_6 blank"> </span>latifúndios. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>A <span class="_6 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_e blank"> </span>em grande<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>escala <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>um <span class="_6 blank"> </span>só <span class="_6 blank"> </span>produto <span class="_6 blank"> </span>exigia <span class="_e blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y8d ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">existência de enormes fazendas e o trabalho de muita mão-de-obra.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y8e ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O dono dos latifúndios é chamado de latifundiário, é o grande fazendeiro, como os </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y8f ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">senhores de engenho.</div><div class="t m0 x0 he y90 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3. <span class="_11 blank"> </span>Escravidão: <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ff4">A <span class="_11 blank"> </span>monocultura <span class="_11 blank"> </span>exportadora <span class="_11 blank"> </span>exigia <span class="_11 blank"> </span>numerosa<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>mão-de-obra <span class="_11 blank"> </span>trabalhando </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y91 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">nos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>latifúndios, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>por <span class="_5 blank"> </span>isso <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>solução <span class="_5 blank"> </span>mais <span class="_5 blank"> </span>lucrativa <span class="_5 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>importação <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>escravos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>negros <span class="_5 blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y92 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">África.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y93 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Importar <span class="_f blank"> </span>negros <span class="_a blank"> </span>da <span class="_f blank"> </span>África<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>como <span class="_a blank"> </span>escravos <span class="_f blank"> </span>era <span class="_a blank"> </span>lucrativo <span class="_a blank"> </span>para <span class="_f blank"> </span>os <span class="_a blank"> </span>traficantes <span class="_f blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y94 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">escravos, para o governo português <span class="_6 blank"> </span>que recebiam impostos desse comércio. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Depois, para </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y95 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">os colonos brancos, exploradores da mão-de-obra do negro.</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x7 y96 w5 h11" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/21114b6d-3b10-422a-bd0e-9a5eb4ed3432/bg6.png"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Módulo 2 \u2013 História fundamental <span class="_0 blank"> </span><span class="fs1">6</span></div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x5 hd y76 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">As principais atividades da economia brasileira durante o período colonial foram:</div><div class="t m0 x0 he y77 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">- <span class="ff3">o pau-brasil</span>: uma atividade extrativa que teve início com <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a chegada do europeu;</div><div class="t m0 x0 he y78 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">- <span class="ff3">a empresa açucareira</span>: foi a primeira atividade produtiva da Colônia;</div><div class="t m0 x0 he y79 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">- <span class="ff3">a <span class="_11 blank"> </span>pecuária</span>: atividade <span class="_11 blank"> </span>dirigida ao mercado <span class="_11 blank"> </span>interno, por <span class="_11 blank"> </span>isso pouco incentivada <span class="_11 blank"> </span>pela </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y7a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">Metrópole;</div><div class="t m0 x0 he y97 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">- <span class="ff3">A mineração</span>: outra atividade importante no Brasil colonial.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y98 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0">Pau-brasil</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y99 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_11 blank"> </span>primeira <span class="_11 blank"> </span>riqueza <span class="_11 blank"> </span>explorada <span class="_13 blank"> </span>pelo <span class="_11 blank"> </span>europeu <span class="_11 blank"> </span>em <span class="_11 blank"> </span>terras <span class="_13 blank"> </span>brasileiras, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_11 blank"> </span>extração </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y9a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">devastadora <span class="_4 blank"> </span>que <span class="_c blank"> </span>deu <span class="_4 blank"> </span>nome <span class="_c blank"> </span>ao <span class="_c blank"> </span>Brasil. <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Os <span class="_c blank"> </span>índios <span class="_4 blank"> </span>tupis <span class="_c blank"> </span>a <span class="_c blank"> </span>chamavam <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de <span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ff6 ws1">ibirapitanga</span>: <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ff6 ws1">ibira</span> </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y9b ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">significa pau (madeira) e pitã significa vermelho.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y9c ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O <span class="_c blank"> </span>interesse <span class="_c blank"> </span>por <span class="_c blank"> </span>esta <span class="_c blank"> </span>madeira <span class="_c blank"> </span>era <span class="_c blank"> </span>grande, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>porque <span class="_c blank"> </span>dela <span class="_c blank"> </span>se <span class="_c blank"> </span>extraía <span class="_c blank"> </span>uma <span class="_c blank"> </span>substância </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y9d ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">corante utilizada para tingir tecidos e pintar letras nos documentos manuscritos.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y9e ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Antes <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>descobrir <span class="_1 blank"> </span>esta <span class="_1 blank"> </span>madeira <span class="_1 blank"> </span>no <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Brasil, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>os <span class="_1 blank"> </span>europeus <span class="_1 blank"> </span>compravam <span class="_1 blank"> </span>esta </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y9f ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mercadoria do Oriente.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ya0 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O <span class="_e blank"> </span>rei <span class="_e blank"> </span>de <span class="_e blank"> </span>Portugal <span class="_e blank"> </span>declarou <span class="_e blank"> </span>a <span class="_e blank"> </span>exploração <span class="_6 blank"> </span>do<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>pau-brasil <span class="_e blank"> </span>monopólio <span class="_e blank"> </span>do <span class="_e blank"> </span>Estado, <span class="_e blank"> </span>isto <span class="_e blank"> </span>é, </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ya1 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ninguém <span class="_11 blank"> </span>poderia <span class="_11 blank"> </span>retirar <span class="_11 blank"> </span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span>madeira <span class="_11 blank"> </span>das <span class="_11 blank"> </span>terras <span class="_11 blank"> </span>brasileiras <span class="_11 blank"> </span>sem <span class="_11 blank"> </span>a <span class="_11 blank"> </span>prévia <span class="_b blank"> </span>autorização <span class="_11 blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ya2 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">governo português e o pagamento dos tributos ao rei de Portugal.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ya3 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_c blank"> </span>extração <span class="_c blank"> </span>do <span class="_4 blank"> </span>pau-brasil<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"> </span>dependia, <span class="_c blank"> </span>essencialmente, <span class="_c blank"> </span>do <span class="_c blank"> </span>trabalho <span class="_c blank"> </span>dos <span class="_4 blank"> </span>índios.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"> </span>Eram </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ya4 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">eles <span class="_5 blank"> </span>que <span class="_4 blank"> </span>derrubavam <span class="_5 blank"> </span>as <span class="_4 blank"> </span>árvores, <span class="_4 blank"> </span>cortavam <span class="_5 blank"> </span>as <span class="_4 blank"> </span>toras <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>por <span class="_4 blank"> </span>fim <span class="_4 blank"> </span>fazia <span class="_5 blank"> </span>o <span class="_4 blank"> </span>transporte <span class="_4 blank"> </span>para <span class="_5 blank"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ya5 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">locais de embarque dos navios (feitorias).</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ya6 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Em <span class="_11 blank"> </span>princípio, <span class="_b blank"> </span>o <span class="_11 blank"> </span>trabalho <span class="_11 blank"> </span>do <span class="_b blank"> </span>índio <span class="_11 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_11 blank"> </span>de <span class="_b blank"> </span>forma <span class="_11 blank"> </span>amigável, <span class="_b blank"> </span>por <span class="_11 blank"> </span>meio <span class="_11 blank"> </span>de <span class="_b blank"> </span>escambo </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ya7 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(troca <span class="_8 blank"> </span>do <span class="_8 blank"> </span>trabalho <span class="_8 blank"> </span>por <span class="_8 blank"> </span>quinquilharias). <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Em <span class="_7 blank"> </span>troca <span class="_8 blank"> </span>do <span class="_8 blank"> </span>árduo <span class="_8 blank"> </span>trabalho, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>índio <span class="_7 blank"> </span>recebia <span class="_8 blank"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ya8 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">série de bugigangas (facas, canivetes, espelhos etc), doadas pelo europeu.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ya9 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Entretanto, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>esta <span class="_6 blank"> </span>forma <span class="_6 blank"> </span>amigável <span class="_6 blank"> </span>durou <span class="_6 blank"> </span>pouco <span class="_6 blank"> </span>tempo. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Quando <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o <span class="_6 blank"> </span>índio <span class="_6 blank"> </span>se <span class="_6 blank"> </span>recusava <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yaa ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">realizar <span class="_14 blank"> </span>as <span class="_14 blank"> </span>tarefas <span class="_14 blank"> </span>que <span class="_14 blank"> </span>lhes <span class="_14 blank"> </span>eram <span class="_14 blank"> </span>impostas, <span class="_14 blank"> </span>o <span class="_14 blank"> </span>europeu <span class="_14 blank"> </span>o <span class="_14 blank"> </span>obrigava <span class="_14 blank"> </span>pela <span class="_14 blank"> </span>violência: </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yab ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">escravizando.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yac ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_6 blank"> </span>exploração <span class="_6 blank"> </span>do <span class="_e blank"> </span>pau-brasil <span class="_6 blank"> </span>não <span class="_6 blank"> </span>originou <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_e blank"> </span>formação <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>povoados <span class="_e blank"> </span>ou <span class="_6 blank"> </span>vilas; <span class="_6 blank"> </span>era <span class="_6 blank"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yad ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">atividade <span class="_8 blank"> </span>extrativa <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>caráter <span class="_8 blank"> </span>seminômade <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>predatório, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>exploração <span class="_8 blank"> </span>destruidora. <span class="_8 blank"> </span>A<span class="_6 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yae ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">extração <span class="_12 blank"> </span>deslocava-se <span class="_a blank"> </span>pelo <span class="_12 blank"> </span>litoral <span class="_12 blank"> </span>à <span class="_12 blank"> </span>medida <span class="_12 blank"> </span>que <span class="_12 blank"> </span>a <span class="_12 blank"> </span>madeira <span class="_12 blank"> </span>ia <span class="_12 blank"> </span>se <span class="_a blank"> </span>esgotando.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>Eram </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yaf ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">construídas algumas feitorias (postos), onde a madeira era armazenada.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yb0 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Hoje <span class="_c blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>pau-brasil <span class="_c blank"> </span>é <span class="_8 blank"> </span>considerado <span class="_c blank"> </span>uma <span class="_8 blank"> </span>espécie <span class="_8 blank"> </span>em <span class="_c blank"> </span>extinção, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>devido <span class="_c blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>sua <span class="_8 blank"> </span>violenta </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yb1 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">extração, foi se esgotando de nossas florestas.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc yb2 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A empresa açucareira</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x8 yb3 w6 h12" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/21114b6d-3b10-422a-bd0e-9a5eb4ed3432/bg7.png"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Módulo 2 \u2013 História fundamental <span class="_0 blank"> </span><span class="fs1">7</span></div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x5 hd y76 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_15 blank"> </span>empresa <span class="_15 blank"> </span>açucareira <span class="_15 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_15 blank"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y77 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">atividade <span class="_16 blank"> </span>lucrativa <span class="_16 blank"> </span>que <span class="_16 blank"> </span>deu <span class="_16 blank"> </span>impulso <span class="_16 blank"> </span>à </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y78 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">colonização.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y79 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>Portugal preocupado em defender <span class="_f blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y7a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">posse <span class="_6 blank"> </span>das <span class="_6 blank"> </span>terras <span class="_6 blank"> </span>brasileiras <span class="_6 blank"> </span>contra <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ameaça </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y97 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">de <span class="_18 blank"> </span>invasão <span class="_18 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_18 blank"> </span>franceses <span class="_18 blank"> </span>e <span class="_18 blank"> </span>holandeses, </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yb4 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">concluiu <span class="_19 blank"> </span>que <span class="_19 blank"> </span>o <span class="_19 blank"> </span>melhor <span class="_19 blank"> </span>seria <span class="_19 blank"> </span>iniciar <span class="_19 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yb5 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">colonização <span class="_c blank"> </span>do <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Brasil. <span class="_c blank"> </span>Então <span class="_8 blank"> </span>era <span class="_c blank"> </span>necessário </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yb6 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">descobrir <span class="_c blank"> </span>uma <span class="_8 blank"> </span>atividade <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_8 blank"> </span>desse <span class="_8 blank"> </span>lucros <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yb7 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">que justificasse o processo de colonização.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yb8 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_11 blank"> </span>empresa <span class="_11 blank"> </span>açucareira <span class="_11 blank"> </span>(plantio <span class="_11 blank"> </span>da <span class="_11 blank"> </span>cana <span class="_11 blank"> </span>e <span class="_11 blank"> </span>a <span class="_11 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_13 blank"> </span>do <span class="_11 blank"> </span>açúcar) <span class="_11 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_11 blank"> </span>a <span class="_11 blank"> </span>solução </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yb9 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">encontrada.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yba ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O <span class="_5 blank"> </span>açúcar <span class="_4 blank"> </span>era <span class="_4 blank"> </span>um <span class="_4 blank"> </span>artigo <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>luxo <span class="_4 blank"> </span>bastante <span class="_4 blank"> </span>procurado <span class="_4 blank"> </span>na <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Europa. <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Sua <span class="_4 blank"> </span>venda <span class="_5 blank"> </span>atingia </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ybb ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">altos preços no mercado europeu; rendendo grandes lucros para os comerciantes.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ybc ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Através <span class="_c blank"> </span>do <span class="_8 blank"> </span>plantio <span class="_8 blank"> </span>da <span class="_8 blank"> </span>cana <span class="_c blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>da <span class="_8 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_c blank"> </span>do <span class="_8 blank"> </span>açúcar <span class="_8 blank"> </span>era <span class="_8 blank"> </span>possível <span class="_c blank"> </span>organizar <span class="_8 blank"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ybd ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">atividade econômica permanente dando início ao povoamento da Colônia.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ybe ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Com <span class="_e blank"> </span>esta <span class="_5 blank"> </span>atividade, <span class="_e blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>economia <span class="_e blank"> </span>da <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Colônia <span class="_e blank"> </span>deixa <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de <span class="_e blank"> </span>ser <span class="_5 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_e blank"> </span>atividade <span class="_5 blank"> </span>extrativa <span class="_e blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ybf ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">predatória (pau-brasil) e passa a ser uma atividade produtiva \u2013 agromanufatura.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yc0 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Os <span class="_c blank"> </span>principais <span class="_8 blank"> </span>fatores <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_8 blank"> </span>levaram <span class="_c blank"> </span>Portugal <span class="_8 blank"> </span>à <span class="_8 blank"> </span>implantação <span class="_8 blank"> </span>da <span class="_c blank"> </span>empresa <span class="_8 blank"> </span>açucareira </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yc1 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">no Brasil foram:</div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yc2 ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0fc<span class="ff4 ls0 ws0">Condições <span class="_3 blank"> </span>geográficas <span class="_3 blank"> </span>(clima <span class="_3 blank"> </span>quente,<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>chuvas, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>solo <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_14 blank"> </span>massapé), <span class="_12 blank"> </span>favoráveis <span class="_14 blank"> </span>ao </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 hd yc3 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">desenvolvimento da lavoura canavieira.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yc4 ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0fc<span class="ff4 ls0 ws0">Experiência <span class="_5 blank"> </span>portuguesa, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>obtida <span class="_4 blank"> </span>antes <span class="_5 blank"> </span>na <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Ilha <span class="_4 blank"> </span>da <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Madeira, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>com <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>´plantação <span class="_5 blank"> </span>da <span class="_4 blank"> </span>cana-</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 hd yc5 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">de-açúcar</div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yc6 ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0fc<span class="ff4 ls0 ws0">Os <span class="_8 blank"> </span>enormes <span class="_7 blank"> </span>lucros <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Metrópole <span class="_8 blank"> </span>poderia <span class="_7 blank"> </span>obter, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>enquadrada<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>no <span class="_7 blank"> </span>sistema <span class="_8 blank"> </span>colonial </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 hd yc7 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">mercantilista.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yc8 ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2">\uf0fc<span class="ff4 ls0 ws0">O <span class="_8 blank"> </span>poder <span class="_8 blank"> </span>financeiro<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>holandeses <span class="_8 blank"> </span>na <span class="_8 blank"> </span>participação<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>do <span class="_8 blank"> </span>negocio <span class="_7 blank"> </span>com <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>transporte, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 hd yc9 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">refino e a distribuição do açúcar no mercado europeu.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc yca ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O engenho de açúcar.</div><div class="t m0 x0 he ycb ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Engenho <span class="_18 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>açúcar<span class="ff4"> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>é <span class="_18 blank"> </span>o <span class="_18 blank"> </span>nome <span class="_18 blank"> </span>da </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ycc ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">grande <span class="_b blank"> </span>propriedade <span class="_7 blank"> </span>agrícola <span class="_b blank"> </span>destinada </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ycd ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">a <span class="_1a blank"> </span>produção <span class="_1a blank"> </span>do <span class="_1a blank"> </span>açúcar. <span class="_1a blank"> </span>Seus </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yce ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">proprietários <span class="_b blank"> </span>ficaram <span class="_7 blank"> </span>conhecidos <span class="_b blank"> </span>como </div><div class="t m0 x0 he ycf ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">senhores <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de <span class="_4 blank"> </span>engenho<span class="ff4">. <span class="_4 blank"> </span>As<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>instalações </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yd0 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">do engenho eram:</div></div><div class="c xa yd1 w7 h13"><div class="t m0 xb h14 yd2 ff7 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fazenda açucareira, novas práticas econômicas e </div></div><div class="c xa yd3 w7 h13"><div class="t m0 x3 h14 yd2 ff7 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">culturais no Brasil.</div></div><div class="c xc yd4 w8 h15"><div class="t m0 xd h16 yd5 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Um engenho de cana-de-açúcar em Pernambuco colonial, pelo pintor </div></div><div class="c xc yd4 w9 h17"><div class="t m0 xe h2 yd6 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">neerlandês Frans Post (século XVII<span class="fs1">).</span></div></div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:305.799000px;bottom:70.853000px;width:253.367000px;height:158.328000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:362.309000px;bottom:81.068990px;width:54.448000px;height:10.349010px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:432.252000px;bottom:81.068990px;width:44.986000px;height:10.349010px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:360.167000px;bottom:67.270990px;width:38.478000px;height:13.798000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:400.895000px;bottom:67.270990px;width:19.999000px;height:13.798000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:420.894000px;bottom:67.270990px;width:2.250000px;height:13.798000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:423.144000px;bottom:67.270990px;width:15.507900px;height:13.798000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:443.899000px;bottom:67.270990px;width:22.992000px;height:13.798000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:466.891000px;bottom:67.270990px;width:2.250000px;height:13.798000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:469.141000px;bottom:67.270990px;width:18.993000px;height:13.798000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xf yd7 wa h18" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/21114b6d-3b10-422a-bd0e-9a5eb4ed3432/bg8.png"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Módulo 2 \u2013 História fundamental <span class="_0 blank"> </span><span class="fs1">8</span></div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x6 he yd8 ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3">\uf0fc<span class="ff3 ls0 ws1">Casa-Grande<span class="ff4 ws0"> : A residência do senhor de engenho e de sua família.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 he yd9 ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3">\uf0fc<span class="ff3 ls0 ws1">Capela<span class="ff4 ws0">: Local <span class="_11 blank"> </span>onde se realizavam <span class="_11 blank"> </span>os serviços <span class="_11 blank"> </span>religiosos<span class="_6 blank"> </span> católicos <span class="_11 blank"> </span>( batizados, </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y56 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">casamentos <span class="_b blank"> </span>e <span class="_11 blank"> </span>funerais). <span class="_b blank"> </span>Aos <span class="_b blank"> </span>domingos <span class="_11 blank"> </span>e <span class="_b blank"> </span>dias <span class="_b blank"> </span>santos, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span>capela <span class="_b blank"> </span>era <span class="_11 blank"> </span>o <span class="_b blank"> </span>ponto <span class="_b blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y57 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">reunião da comunidade.</div><div class="t m0 x6 he y58 ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3">\uf0fc<span class="ff3 ls0 ws1">Senzala<span class="ff4 ws0">: <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Habitação <span class="_14 blank"> </span>destinada <span class="_10 blank"> </span>a <span class="_14 blank"> </span>maioria <span class="_10 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_14 blank"> </span>escravos.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>Nela, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>geralmente <span class="_10 blank"> </span>os </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y59 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">escravos eram amontoados em um único compartimento.</div><div class="t m0 x6 he y5a ff5 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3">\uf0fc<span class="ff3 ls0 ws0">Casa <span class="_a blank"> </span>do <span class="_a blank"> </span>Engenho<span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff4">: <span class="_a blank"> </span>Abrangia <span class="_12 blank"> </span>todas <span class="_a blank"> </span>as <span class="_a blank"> </span>instalações<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>destinadas <span class="_a blank"> </span>ao <span class="_12 blank"> </span>preparo <span class="_a blank"> </span>do </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 he y5b ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">açúcar.Dentre <span class="_11 blank"> </span>elas podemos <span class="_11 blank"> </span>citar: <span class="ff3 ws1">moenda</span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>(onde <span class="_13 blank"> </span>se <span class="_11 blank"> </span>moia a <span class="_11 blank"> </span>cana <span class="_13 blank"> </span>e <span class="_11 blank"> </span>extraia o </div><div class="t m0 x5 he y5c ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">caldo); <span class="_e blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ws1">fornalhas</span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>(onde <span class="_e blank"> </span>o <span class="_5 blank"> </span>caldo <span class="_e blank"> </span>era <span class="_5 blank"> </span>fervido <span class="_e blank"> </span>e <span class="_5 blank"> </span>purificado); <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ff3">Casa <span class="_e blank"> </span>de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>purgar</span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>(onde <span class="_5 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x5 he y5d ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">açúcar era <span class="_11 blank"> </span>branqueado); <span class="ff3">os <span class="_11 blank"> </span>galpões</span> (os <span class="_11 blank"> </span>blocos de <span class="_13 blank"> </span>açúcar eram <span class="_11 blank"> </span>quebrados e </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y5e ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">reduzidos a pó).</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y5f ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Durante <span class="_e blank"> </span>os <span class="_6 blank"> </span>primeiros<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>séculos <span class="_6 blank"> </span>do <span class="_e blank"> </span>Brasil <span class="_e blank"> </span>Colônia, <span class="_e blank"> </span>desenvolveu <span class="_e blank"> </span>um <span class="_e blank"> </span>tipo <span class="_e blank"> </span>de <span class="_e blank"> </span>sociedade </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y60 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">marcante em torno do plantio da cana e da produção do açúcar.</div></div><div class="c x0 yda w1 h19"><div class="t m0 x10 h1a ydb ff3 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">Curiosidade</div></div><div class="c x0 ydc w1 h19"><div class="t m0 x1 h1b ydb ff8 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_a blank"> </span>sociedade <span class="_a blank"> </span>açucareira <span class="_a blank"> </span>tinha <span class="_a blank"> </span>como <span class="_a blank"> </span>características; <span class="_a blank"> </span>o <span class="_a blank"> </span>ruralismo,<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>o <span class="_a blank"> </span>patriarcalismo <span class="_a blank"> </span>e <span class="_a blank"> </span>a </div></div><div class="c x0 ydd w1 h19"><div class="t m0 x1 h1b ydb ff8 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">estratificação social.</div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x5 h1c yde ff8 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">Ruralismo<span class="ff6 ws0">, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>pois <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>vida <span class="_b blank"> </span>social <span class="_7 blank"> </span>se <span class="_7 blank"> </span>desenvolvia <span class="_7 blank"> </span>no <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ambiente <span class="_b blank"> </span>rural <span class="_8 blank"> </span>do <span class="_b blank"> </span>engenho, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ou </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h1d ydf ff6 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">seja, o campo era o centro da sociedade.</div><div class="t m0 x5 h1c ye0 ff8 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">Patriarcalismo<span class="ff6 ws0">, <span class="_e blank"> </span>porque <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o <span class="_e blank"> </span>senhor <span class="_e blank"> </span>de <span class="_e blank"> </span>engenho <span class="_6 blank"> </span>era <span class="_e blank"> </span>o <span class="_e blank"> </span>patriarca, <span class="_e blank"> </span>todo <span class="_6 blank"> </span>poderoso <span class="_e blank"> </span>e <span class="_e blank"> </span>que </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h1d ye1 ff6 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">concentrava em suas mãos o poder econômico, político e ideológico (formação de idéias)</div><div class="t m0 x5 h1c ye2 ff8 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Estratificação <span class="_7 blank"> </span>social<span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff6">, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>onde <span class="_b blank"> </span>quase <span class="_7 blank"> </span>não <span class="_b blank"> </span>existia <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span>mudança <span class="_7 blank"> </span>social <span class="_b blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_b blank"> </span>classe </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h1d ye3 ff6 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">para outra, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>isto é, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ninguém saia de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>sua posição <span class="_6 blank"> </span>social de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>origem. O <span class="_6 blank"> </span>senhor não <span class="_6 blank"> </span>passava à </div><div class="t m0 x0 h1d ye4 ff6 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">condição de escravo e nem o escravo tornava-se um senhor de engenho.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc ye5 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Invasão dos holandeses</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ye6 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Quando os holandeses invadiram o Brasil, tinham como único objetivo o açúcar.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ye7 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Em <span class="_4 blank"> </span>1580, <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="_4 blank"> </span>rei <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Portugal <span class="_c blank"> </span>(Dom <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Henrique) <span class="_4 blank"> </span>morreu <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Felipe <span class="_4 blank"> </span>II, <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="_c blank"> </span>rei <span class="_4 blank"> </span>da <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Espanha, </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ye8 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">invadiu <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>conquistou <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Portugal <span class="_b blank"> </span>tornando-se <span class="_7 blank"> </span>rei <span class="_7 blank"> </span>deste <span class="_7 blank"> </span>país. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Iniciou <span class="_b blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>período <span class="_7 blank"> </span>do <span class="_7 blank"> </span>domínio </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ye9 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">espanhol <span class="_6 blank"> </span>sobre <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Portugal, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>que <span class="_6 blank"> </span>durou <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>1580 <span class="_6 blank"> </span>até <span class="_6 blank"> </span>1640. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Esse <span class="_6 blank"> </span>domínio <span class="_6 blank"> </span>estendia-se <span class="_6 blank"> </span>também </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yea ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">sobre as colônias portuguesas, inclusive o Brasil, que passou a pertencer à Espanha.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yeb ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O <span class="_1b blank"> </span>domínio <span class="_1b blank"> </span>espanhol <span class="_1b blank"> </span>(também <span class="_1b blank"> </span>conhecido <span class="_1b blank"> </span>como <span class="_1b blank"> </span>União <span class="_1b blank"> </span>Ibérica) <span class="_1b blank"> </span>prejudicou </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yec ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">economicamente <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Holanda <span class="_4 blank"> </span>que, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>por <span class="_4 blank"> </span>estar <span class="_5 blank"> </span>em <span class="_4 blank"> </span>querra <span class="_4 blank"> </span>com <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Espanha <span class="_4 blank"> </span>ficou <span class="_5 blank"> </span>impedida <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yed ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">continuar <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="_4 blank"> </span>comércio <span class="_4 blank"> </span>do <span class="_4 blank"> </span>açúcar <span class="_4 blank"> </span>brasileiro. <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Os <span class="_4 blank"> </span>holandeses <span class="_4 blank"> </span>invadiram <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="_4 blank"> </span>nordeste <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a <span class="_4 blank"> </span>fim <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yee ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">se apoderar das terras fornecedoras de açúcar. </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yef ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_8 blank"> </span>primeira <span class="_7 blank"> </span>tentativa <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>invasão <span class="_7 blank"> </span>holandesa <span class="_7 blank"> </span>no <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Brasil <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ocorreu <span class="_8 blank"> </span>na <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Bahia, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>em <span class="_8 blank"> </span>1624, </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yf0 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mas não foi bem sucedida.</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Módulo 2 \u2013 História fundamental <span class="_0 blank"> </span><span class="fs1">9</span></div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x5 hd y76 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ouve <span class="_f blank"> </span>então, <span class="_a blank"> </span>uma <span class="_f blank"> </span>segunda <span class="_a blank"> </span>invasão <span class="_a blank"> </span>em <span class="_f blank"> </span>Pernambuco, <span class="_a blank"> </span>em <span class="_f blank"> </span>1630. <span class="_a blank"> </span>Desta <span class="_a blank"> </span>vez <span class="_f blank"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y77 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">holandeses conseguiram permanecer no Brasil por 24 anos.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y78 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Neste <span class="_10 blank"> </span>período <span class="_18 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_18 blank"> </span>montada <span class="_18 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_10 blank"> </span>administração <span class="_18 blank"> </span>holandesa, <span class="_18 blank"> </span>que <span class="_10 blank"> </span>cuidava<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y79 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">negócios <span class="_b blank"> </span>do <span class="_b blank"> </span>açúcar. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Dentre<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>os <span class="_b blank"> </span>administradores, <span class="_b blank"> </span>destacou-se <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Mauricio <span class="_b blank"> </span>de <span class="_b blank"> </span>Nassau, <span class="_b blank"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y7a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">desenvolveu <span class="_7 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_7 blank"> </span>política <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_b blank"> </span>paz, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>por <span class="_7 blank"> </span>meio <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>medidas <span class="_b blank"> </span>como: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Concessão<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>créditos, </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y97 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tolerância religiosa, realização de obras urbanas e culturais.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yb4 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Após <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="_c blank"> </span>governo <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de <span class="_c blank"> </span>Nassau, <span class="_4 blank"> </span>os <span class="_c blank"> </span>novos <span class="_4 blank"> </span>administradores <span class="_c blank"> </span>holandeses <span class="_4 blank"> </span>não <span class="_c blank"> </span>agiram <span class="_4 blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yb5 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mesma <span class="_6 blank"> </span>forma. <span class="_e blank"> </span>Cobraram <span class="_e blank"> </span>as <span class="_e blank"> </span>dividas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_e blank"> </span>só <span class="_e blank"> </span>queriam <span class="_6 blank"> </span>aumento <span class="_e blank"> </span>de <span class="_e blank"> </span>produção <span class="_6 blank"> </span>do <span class="_e blank"> </span>açúcar, <span class="_e blank"> </span>o <span class="_e blank"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x0 he yb6 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">determinou <span class="_e blank"> </span>o <span class="_e blank"> </span>movimento <span class="_e blank"> </span>da <span class="_e blank"> </span><span class="ff3">Insurreição <span class="_e blank"> </span>Pernambucana,<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_e blank"> </span></span>a <span class="_e blank"> </span>luta <span class="_e blank"> </span>dos <span class="_e blank"> </span>brasileiros <span class="_e blank"> </span>contra<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yf1 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pressões <span class="_b blank"> </span>holandesas. <span class="_b blank"> </span>No <span class="_b blank"> </span>final <span class="_b blank"> </span>desta <span class="_b blank"> </span>luta, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>os <span class="_b blank"> </span>holandeses <span class="_b blank"> </span>foram <span class="_b blank"> </span>expulsos <span class="_b blank"> </span>do <span class="_b blank"> </span>Brasil <span class="_b blank"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yb8 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">1654.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yb9 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Depois <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>expulsos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>do <span class="_b blank"> </span>Brasil <span class="_8 blank"> </span>os <span class="_b blank"> </span>holandeses <span class="_7 blank"> </span>levaram <span class="_7 blank"> </span>mudas <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>cana <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_b blank"> </span>açúcar </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yba ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">para <span class="_1 blank"> </span>as <span class="_2 blank"> </span>Antilhas <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>com <span class="_1 blank"> </span>grande <span class="_1 blank"> </span>sucesso, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>passaram <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_2 blank"> </span>produzir <span class="_1 blank"> </span>açúcar <span class="_1 blank"> </span>fazendo </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ybb ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">concorrência com o açúcar brasileiro no mercado europeu.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ybc ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_c blank"> </span>concorrência <span class="_c blank"> </span>do <span class="_4 blank"> </span>açúcar <span class="_c blank"> </span>das <span class="_c blank"> </span>Antilhas <span class="_c blank"> </span>provocou <span class="_c blank"> </span>uma <span class="_c blank"> </span>queda <span class="_c blank"> </span>em <span class="_c blank"> </span>50% <span class="_c blank"> </span>dos <span class="_c blank"> </span>preços </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ybd ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">do açúcar brasileiro.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc yf2 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A pecuária</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yf3 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">As <span class="_a blank"> </span>principais<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>atividades <span class="_12 blank"> </span>econômicas <span class="_12 blank"> </span>do <span class="_12 blank"> </span>Brasil <span class="_12 blank"> </span>colônia <span class="_12 blank"> </span>tinham <span class="_12 blank"> </span>como <span class="_a blank"> </span>finalidade </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yf4 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">atender <span class="_e blank"> </span>ao <span class="_6 blank"> </span>mercado<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>externo <span class="_6 blank"> </span>europeu.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>Eram <span class="_6 blank"> </span>atividades<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>exportação<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>como: <span class="_6 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_e blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yf5 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">açúcar, do tabaco, do pau brasil e da mineração.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yf6 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_4 blank"> </span>pecuária, <span class="_c blank"> </span>ao <span class="_4 blank"> </span>contrário <span class="_c blank"> </span>destas <span class="_4 blank"> </span>atividades, <span class="_c blank"> </span>não <span class="_4 blank"> </span>estava <span class="_c blank"> </span>enquadrada <span class="_4 blank"> </span>nas <span class="_c blank"> </span>regras <span class="_4 blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yf7 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">sistema <span class="_e blank"> </span>colonial <span class="_5 blank"> </span>mercantilista. <span class="_e blank"> </span>Era <span class="_5 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_e blank"> </span>atividade<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>econômica <span class="_5 blank"> </span>local, <span class="_e blank"> </span>um <span class="_5 blank"> </span>negócio <span class="_e blank"> </span>interno <span class="_5 blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yf8 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Colônia. <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Seus <span class="_c blank"> </span>lucros <span class="_4 blank"> </span>podiam <span class="_4 blank"> </span>ficar <span class="_c blank"> </span>dentro <span class="_4 blank"> </span>do <span class="_c blank"> </span>país, <span class="_4 blank"> </span>por <span class="_c blank"> </span>esse <span class="_4 blank"> </span>motivo, <span class="_c blank"> </span>a <span class="_4 blank"> </span>pecuária <span class="_4 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_c blank"> </span>pouco </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yf9 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">incentivada pela Metrópole.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yfa ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">As grandes zonas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de criação de gado:<span class="_6 blank"> </span> As caatingas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>do Nordeste e <span class="_6 blank"> </span>as Campinas do </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yfb ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">Sul.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yfc ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_11 blank"> </span>zona <span class="_11 blank"> </span>pecuária <span class="_11 blank"> </span>mais <span class="_13 blank"> </span>antiga <span class="_11 blank"> </span>do <span class="_11 blank"> </span>Brasil <span class="_11 blank"> </span>Colônia <span class="_13 blank"> </span>é <span class="_11 blank"> </span>o <span class="_11 blank"> </span>Nordeste, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>onde <span class="_11 blank"> </span>o gado <span class="_11 blank"> </span>foi </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yfd ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">utilizado em principio para mover moendas e fornecer carne aos habitantes do engenho.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yfe ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Não havia fazendas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>somente dedicadas a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>criação de gado. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>O dono do <span class="_6 blank"> </span>engenho era </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yff ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">também o dono do gado; mas suas atenções concentravam-se na produção do açúcar.</div></div><div class="c x0 y100 w1 ha"><div class="t m0 x1 hb y15 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Expandindo o território brasileiro</div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x5 hd y101 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Durante <span class="_b blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>século <span class="_b blank"> </span>XVII, <span class="_b blank"> </span>os <span class="_b blank"> </span>portugueses <span class="_b blank"> </span>desrespeitaram <span class="_b blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>linha <span class="_b blank"> </span>de <span class="_b blank"> </span>Tordesilhas <span class="_b blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y102 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">começaram <span class="_c blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ocupar <span class="_c blank"> </span>os <span class="_8 blank"> </span>territórios <span class="_8 blank"> </span>espanhóis. <span class="_c blank"> </span>No <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Norte, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>com <span class="_c blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>instalação <span class="_c blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>fortalezas </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y103 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(que <span class="_4 blank"> </span>deram <span class="_4 blank"> </span>origem <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a <span class="_4 blank"> </span>cidades <span class="_4 blank"> </span>como <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Belém <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Manaus) <span class="_c blank"> </span>e <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>missões <span class="_4 blank"> </span>religiosas <span class="_4 blank"> </span>junto <span class="_4 blank"> </span>aos </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y104 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">índios. <span class="_e blank"> </span>No <span class="_e blank"> </span>Sul, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>com <span class="_e blank"> </span>missões <span class="_e blank"> </span>religiosas <span class="_5 blank"> </span>junto <span class="_e blank"> </span>aos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>índios <span class="_e blank"> </span>guaranis, <span class="_e blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>vinda <span class="_e blank"> </span>de <span class="_e blank"> </span>imigrantes <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><div class="c x0 y0 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Módulo 2 \u2013 História fundamental <span class="_1c blank"> </span><span class="fs1">10</span></div></div><div class="c x1 y5 w0 h5"><div class="t m0 x0 hd y76 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">criadores <span class="_14 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>gado <span class="_10 blank"> </span>bovino. <span class="_14 blank"> </span>Em <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Minas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Gerais <span class="_14 blank"> </span>e <span class="_10 blank"> </span>no <span class="_14 blank"> </span>Centro-Oeste, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>os <span class="_10 blank"> </span>bandeirantes </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y77 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">descobriram <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ouro <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_6 blank"> </span>prata. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Os <span class="_6 blank"> </span>bandeirantes<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>vinham <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>São <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Vicente <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e, <span class="_e blank"> </span>em <span class="_6 blank"> </span>várias <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ocasiões, </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y78 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">destruíram <span class="_a blank"> </span>quilombos <span class="_12 blank"> </span>e <span class="_a blank"> </span>escravizaram <span class="_12 blank"> </span>índios. <span class="_a blank"> </span>No <span class="_12 blank"> </span>ano <span class="_a blank"> </span>de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>1750, <span class="_a blank"> </span>o <span class="_12 blank"> </span>Tratado <span class="_a blank"> </span>de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>Madri </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y79 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">reconheceu <span class="_b blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>anulação <span class="_b blank"> </span>do <span class="_b blank"> </span>Tratado <span class="_b blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Tordesilhas.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>O <span class="_7 blank"> </span>território <span class="_b blank"> </span>brasileiro <span class="_b blank"> </span>passou <span class="_b blank"> </span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span>ser </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y7a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">semelhante ao que é hoje.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y97 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O <span class="_e blank"> </span>Brasil <span class="_5 blank"> </span>começou <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a <span class="_e blank"> </span>ser <span class="_5 blank"> </span>povoado <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a <span class="_e blank"> </span>partir <span class="_5 blank"> </span>do <span class="_5 blank"> </span>litoral. <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Os <span class="_e blank"> </span>portugueses <span class="_5 blank"> </span>que <span class="_5 blank"> </span>chegavam </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yb4 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">da <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Europa <span class="_e blank"> </span>fundavam <span class="_6 blank"> </span>postos <span class="_e blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>recolhimento <span class="_e blank"> </span>e <span class="_6 blank"> </span>armazenagem <span class="_e blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>mercadorias <span class="_e blank"> </span>que <span class="_6 blank"> </span>seriam </div><div class="t m0 x0 he yb5 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">levadas para a <span class="_11 blank"> </span>Europa. Estes postos foram <span class="_13 blank"> </span>chamados de <span class="ff3">feitorias. <span class="_11 blank"> </span></span>Os portugueses </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yb6 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">fundaram também pequenas vilas próximas ao mar.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yf1 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ocupação <span class="_b blank"> </span>do <span class="_b blank"> </span>território <span class="_7 blank"> </span>brasileiro, <span class="_b blank"> </span>teve <span class="_b blank"> </span>início <span class="_7 blank"> </span>na <span class="_b blank"> </span>área <span class="_7 blank"> </span>litorânea,<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>estava<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ligada <span class="_b blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yb8 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">extração <span class="_9 blank"> </span>de <span class="_9 blank"> </span>pau-brasil <span class="_1d blank"> </span>e <span class="_9 blank"> </span>ao <span class="_9 blank"> </span>cultivo <span class="_1d blank"> </span>da <span class="_9 blank"> </span>cana-de-açúcar. <span class="_9 blank"> </span>Estas <span class="_1d blank"> </span>atividades <span class="_9 blank"> </span>foram </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yb9 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">desenvolvidas <span class="_b blank"> </span>pelos <span class="_11 blank"> </span>portugueses <span class="_b blank"> </span>que <span class="_b blank"> </span>queriam <span class="_11 blank"> </span>também <span class="_14 blank"> </span>proteger <span class="_11 blank"> </span>o <span class="_b blank"> </span>litoral <span class="_b blank"> </span>de <span class="_11 blank"> </span>invasões </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd yba ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">estrangeiras.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ybb ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O governo<span class="_6 blank"> </span> português<span class="_6 blank"> </span> organizou<span class="_6 blank"> </span> várias <span class="_6 blank"> </span>expedições <span class="_6 blank"> </span>militares <span class="_6 blank"> </span>para <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ocupar <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_6 blank"> </span>defender </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd ybc ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">as terras brasileiras, ameaçadas principalmente pelos franceses.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ybd ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O <span class="_6 blank"> </span>trabalho <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_e blank"> </span>povoamento <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ocupação <span class="_6 blank"> </span>do <span class="_e blank"> </span>território <span class="_6 blank"> </span>realizado <span class="_6 blank"> </span>por <span class="_e blank"> </span>essas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>expedições </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y105 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">militares, ficou conhecido como expansão oficial.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y106 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Portugal <span class="_4 blank"> </span>queria <span class="_4 blank"> </span>desde <span class="_c blank"> </span>o <span class="_4 blank"> </span>começo <span class="_4 blank"> </span>da <span class="_c blank"> </span>colonização <span class="_4 blank"> </span>explorar <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="_c blank"> </span>território <span class="_4 blank"> </span>em <span class="_c blank"> </span>busca <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y107 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ouro; <span class="_5 blank"> </span>portanto, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>várias <span class="_5 blank"> </span>expedições <span class="_5 blank"> </span>foram <span class="_4 blank"> </span>organizadas <span class="_5 blank"> </span>pelo <span class="_5 blank"> </span>governo <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e <span class="_5 blank"> </span>foram <span class="_5 blank"> </span>chamadas <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x0 he y86 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0">entradas.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y108 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A partir do século XVII, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>pessoas particulares organizaram e patrocinaram<span class="_6 blank"> </span> outro tipo </div><div class="t m0 x0 he y87 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>expedição, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>chamada <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ws1">bandeiras</span>. <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Foram <span class="_5 blank"> </span>mais <span class="_5 blank"> </span>importantes <span class="_5 blank"> </span>em <span class="_5 blank"> </span>termos <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>expansão <span class="_5 blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y88 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">território. As bandeiras penetraram pelo sertão e ultrapassaram a linha de Tordesilhas.</div><div class="t m0 x0 hc y109 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">São Paulo, o centro das bandeiras</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y10a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Em São Paulo, existem a avenida <span class="_6 blank"> </span>dos Bandeirantes, a rádio e a TV<span class="_6 blank"> </span> Bandeirantes, a </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y10b ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">praça das <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Bandeiras. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>O <span class="_6 blank"> </span>estado <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>São <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Paulo se <span class="_6 blank"> </span>liga <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>outros <span class="_6 blank"> </span>estados <span class="_6 blank"> </span>através de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>rodovias </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y10c ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">com <span class="_7 blank"> </span>nomes <span class="_b blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>bandeirantes, <span class="_b blank"> </span>como <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span>Fernão <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Dias <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e <span class="_b blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Raposo <span class="_b blank"> </span>Tavares. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Tudo <span class="_b blank"> </span>isto <span class="_7 blank"> </span>faz </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y10d ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">parte da história do desbravamento e da ampliação do território.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y10e ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_b blank"> </span>vila <span class="_11 blank"> </span>de <span class="_b blank"> </span>São <span class="_b blank"> </span>Paulo <span class="_11 blank"> </span>recebeu <span class="_b blank"> </span>maioria <span class="_b blank"> </span>da <span class="_b blank"> </span>população <span class="_11 blank"> </span>pobre <span class="_b blank"> </span>que <span class="_b blank"> </span>morava <span class="_11 blank"> </span>em <span class="_b blank"> </span>São </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y10f ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Vicente, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>em <span class="_5 blank"> </span>busca <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>melhores <span class="_e blank"> </span>alternativas<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>sobrevivência. <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Em <span class="_5 blank"> </span>São <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Paulo <span class="_5 blank"> </span>dedicaram-</div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y110 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">se ao aprisionamento de índios, para vendê-los como escravos.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y111 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">As <span class="_6 blank"> </span>bandeiras <span class="_e blank"> </span>eram <span class="_6 blank"> </span>formadas <span class="_e blank"> </span>por <span class="_6 blank"> </span>homens, <span class="_e blank"> </span>mulheres, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>crianças, <span class="_e blank"> </span>índios <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_e blank"> </span>mestiços. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>A<span class="_6 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y112 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">presença <span class="_19 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_19 blank"> </span>nativos <span class="_19 blank"> </span>nas <span class="_19 blank"> </span>bandeiras <span class="_19 blank"> </span>era <span class="_19 blank"> </span>importantíssima, <span class="_19 blank"> </span>contribuíam <span class="_19 blank"> </span>para <span class="_19 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y113 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">sobrevivência <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de <span class="_4 blank"> </span>todos, <span class="_4 blank"> </span>fornecendo <span class="_5 blank"> </span>alimentos <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e <span class="_4 blank"> </span>remédios <span class="_5 blank"> </span>extraídos <span class="_4 blank"> </span>da <span class="_4 blank"> </span>floresta, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>ricas <span class="_4 blank"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x0 hd y114 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">plantas medicinais.</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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