Língua Inglesa Significado e Uso - Slides de Aula - Unidade I

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Unidade I
LÍNGUA INGLESA:
SIGNIFICADO E USOSIGNIFICADO E USO
Profa. Silvana Rocha
Unidade I - Simple Present
Habits (hábitos ou rotinas) 
 Ex.: I always get up at 7am.
 Ex.: She never eats red meat.
Universal truths (verdades universais)
C Ex.: Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
 Ex.: The Earth goes round the sun.
Unidade I - Simple Present
To run = correr 
 I run (eu corro)
 You run (você corre)
 He runs (ele corre)
S ( ) She runs (ela corre)
 It runs (ele/ela corre)
 We run (nós corremos)
 You run (vocês correm)
Th ( l / l ) They run (eles/elas correm)
Unidade I - Third person of singular 
(he, she, it)
 Regra geral: + s
 He runs in the park every weekend.
 She works at that hospital on the corner.
f It opens itself. 
Exceções: verbos que terminam em:
 o, ss, x, sh, ch + es + es
Unidade I - Third person of singular 
(he, she, it) 
 Go: She goes to the movies once a 
month.
 Fix: He fixes his own car at weekends.
 Miss: He misses his family in Paris.
 Finish: She always finishes her lesson Finish: She always finishes her lesson 
after lunch. 
 Catch: He catches the train at 6 every 
day.
Unidade I - Third person of singular 
(he, she, it) - verbs ending in “y”
 y = + s
Exemplo: to play
She plays the flute.
/ y = - y / + ies
Exemplo: to cry
She cries when somebody shouts.
Unidade I - Simple Present
(negative forms)
Negative sentences:
 I don’t drink beer.
 You don’t work at weekends.
 He doesn’t eat vegetarian food.
S S She doesn’t play volleyball on Sundays.
 It doesn’t open on Mondays.
 We don’t watch horror movies.
 You don’t listen to the teacher.
Th d ’t t l t th They don’t travel together.
Unidade I - Simple Present
(interrogative forms)
Auxiliary verbs:
 do I, you, we, they
 don’t I, you, we, they
 does he, she, it
 doesn’t he, she, it 
Do they like to dance on Saturday nights?
Don’t you like to drink wine?
D h d t d Chi ?Does he understand Chinese?
Doesn’t she eat red meat?
Unidade I - Simple Present
(short answers)
Do they like to dance on Saturday nights?
A: Yes, they do.
A: No, they don’t. They prefer to dance on 
Sunday nights.
Don’t you like to drink wine?
A: Yes, I do.
A: No, I don’t. I prefer to drink champagne.
Unidade I - Simple Present
(interrogative forms)
Does he understand Chinese?
A: Yes, he does.
A: No, he doesn’t. He only understands
Japanese.
Doesn’t she eat red meat?
A: Yes, she does.
A: No, she doesn’t. She prefers vegetarian 
food.
Unidade I - Simple Present
(frequency adverbs)
 I always get up early.
 You never study your lesson.
 He seldom visits his family.
 She usually cooks her own meal. 
 It normally opens at 8am.
 We often speak French at home.
 You rarely come here.
 They sometimes drink beer.
Unidade I - Simple Present
(frequency expressions)
Alguns exemplos:
 twice a week;
 three times a year;
 once in a while;
 every day;
 every other day;
 every morning;
 on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, 
Thursdays Fridays Saturdays SundaysThursdays, Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays.
Interatividade
He hates all kinds of vegetables. So, he
__________ eats eggplant.
a) Always.
b) Twice a week.
c) Neverc) Never.
d) Usually.
e) Often.
Unidade I - Simple Past
 Ações que aconteceram em um tempo 
determinado no passado.
Auxiliary verbs:
 did;
 didn’t didn t.
Não há diferença para as terceiras pessoas 
do singular (he, she, it).
Unidade I - Simple Past
 yesterday;
 last week;
 last month;
 last year;
 two weeks ago;
 three months ago;
 five years ago;
 some minutes ago;
l t M d last Monday;
 last January;
 etc.
Unidade I - Simple Past 
Regular verbs = + ed / + d
 walk = walked
 travel = traveled
 love = loved
 live = lived
Irregular verbs = várias formas
 buy = bought
k k speak = spoke
 tell = told
 understand = understood
Unidade I - Simple Past
 To see / saw 
Affirmative:
 I saw your father at the market yesterday.
Negative:
f I didn’t see your father at the market 
yesterday.
Interrogative:
 Did you see my mother at the restaurant?
 R: Yes I did / No I didn’t R: Yes, I did. / No, I didn t.
Unidade I - Imperative Mood
Uso -
Dar uma ordem direta:
 Take that chewing gum out of your 
mouth.
Dar instruções:Dar instruções:
 Take two tablets every night.
Fazer um convite:
 Come in and sit down.
Unidade I - Imperative Mood
Avisos em placas:
Unidade I - Imperative Mood
Infinitive form:
 To go = ir
 To study = estudar
Imperative Mood:
G á Go! = vá!
 Study! = estude! 
Unidade I - Imperative Mood
Negative form:
 Don’t go! 
 Don’t run! 
 Don’t follow me!
 Don’t mix all the ingredients.
Unidade I - Imperative Mood
Existe a possibilidade de se usar o modo 
imperativo, na língua inglesa, com o verbo 
auxiliar “do” na afirmação:
 Please, do write it.
 Do accept that.p
 Do be quiet.
 Do sit down and wait a little.
Para que isso serve?q
Há alguma diferença? 
Unidade I - Imperative Mood
 Para “suavizar” a ordem. 
 Para diminuir o tom de autoridade. 
Unidade I - Imperative Mood
 O modo imperativo está muito presente 
no dia a dia.
Interatividade
She went to the market yesterday and
__________ a lot of vegetables to prepare 
her dinner.
a) Buys.
b) Bought.) g
c) Buying.
d) To buy.
e) To bought. 
Unidade I - Pronouns
Personal: 
 (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they)
Object:
 (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them)
Possessive Adjectives: 
 (my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)
Possessive Pronouns:
 (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, 
theirs)theirs)
Unidade I - Pronouns
Personal Pronouns:
 I always call her at weekends.
 You never come here.
 He seldom gives me flowers.
S She sometimes talks to me.
 It usually opens in the morning.
 We never arrive on time.
 You need to study a little more.
Th l t l t th t id They always travel to the countryside.
Unidade I - Pronouns
Personal Pronouns:
 Não necessariamente precisam estar no 
início da oração!
Exemplo:
 I always say he invents things about me I always say he invents things about me.
(temos dois pronomes pessoais nesta 
oração).
Unidade I - Pronouns
Object Pronouns (after verbs or
prepositions):
 He understands me.
 I like you.
 She helps him a lot She helps him a lot.
 We need her here.
 I read it every day.
 They always visit us at weekends.
 She never forgets you She never forgets you.
 I like to study with them.
Unidade I - Pronouns
Possessive Adjectives:
 She likes my food.
 I need your help.
 We like his children.
 I know her mother.
 Its food is over.
 We take our children to school every day.
 I need your French books.
I l t lk t th i hild I always talk to their children.
Unidade I - Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns (end of sentences):
 That car is mine.
 This sandwich isn’t yours.
 I don’ t think this is his.
S f She says those flowers are hers.
 This feed is its.
 Now I can say this is ours.
 Those Chemistry books are yours.
I th t th i ? Is that car theirs?
Unidade I - Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns (noun omission):
 Her hair is short, but mine is long.
 My dress is black and yours is green.
 My suitcase is heavy and his is light.
f Your house is near here, but hers is far.
 My food is cheap, but its is very 
expensive.
 She has a beautiful car, but ours is better.
 I like my house but yours is wonderful I like my house, but yours is wonderful.
 My kids are polite, but theirs are not!
Unidade I - Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns: quando o sujeito age e 
sofre a ação:
 Myself (I)
 Yourself(you)
 Himself (he) Himself (he)
 Herself (she)
 Itself (it)
 Ourselves (we)
 Yourselves (you) Yourselves (you)
 Themselves (they)
Unidade I - Pronouns
 I hurt myself.
 You introduced yourself to the boss.
 He thought to himself.
 She cut herself.
f It opens itself.
 We introduced ourselves at the meeting.
 You prepared yourselves to go away.
 They shaved themselves.
Interatividade
Paul was reading ___________ English book 
in the library when ____________ mother
showed up bringing ___________ a 
delicious sandwich.
a) Her / her / her.
b) His / his / him.
c) It / her / hers.
d) Him / him / him.
e) My / her / them.
Unidade I - Wh Questions
Interrogative Pronouns:
 what; 
 which;
 where;
 when;
 who;
 whose;
 why;
h * how*.
* Não começa com wh. 
Unidade I - Wh Questions
 What do you usually eat in the morning?
 A: I usually eat a cheese and ham 
sandwich. 
Unidade I - Wh Questions
f Which dress do you prefer: the black or 
the red one?
 A: The black one. 
Unidade I - Wh Questions
 Where do you live?
 A: In the countryside. 
Unidade I - Wh Questions
 When does she usually go to the movies?
 A: She goes on Saturdays.
Unidade I - Wh Questions
 Who is this man in white?
 A: He is my doctor.
Unidade I - Wh Questions
 Whose is this umbrella?
 A: It’s mine.
Unidade I - Wh Questions
 Why is she crying?
 A: Because she is hurt.
Unidade I - Wh Questions
 How do you go to college every day?
 A: I go by subway.
Unidade I - Demonstrative Pronouns 
Perto:
 This = este, esta, isto
 These = estes, estas
Longe:
 That = aquele, aquela, aquilo
 Those = aqueles, aquelas
Unidade I - Demonstrative Pronouns 
 This book is mine.
 These books are mine.
Unidade I - Demonstrative Pronouns
That chair is free.
Those chairs are free.
Unidade I - Used to x to be used to
Used to - hábitos que não fazem mais parte 
da sua rotina: 
 I used to play with dolls when I was 10.
 She didn’t use to come here at weekends. 
 Did you use to smoke cigarettes when Did you use to smoke cigarettes when
you were younger?
 A: Yes, I did.
 A: No, I didn’t.
Unidade I - Used to x to be used to
To be used to - hábitos que fazem ou não 
parte de sua rotina; costuma-se ou não 
fazer certas coisas:
 I am used to eating Japanese food once a 
week. 
 She isn’t used to wearing dresses.
 Are you used to speaking in public?
 A: Yes, I am.
 A: No, I am not.
Unidade I - Non-action verbs
 verbos que não são usados na sua forma 
progressiva ou contínua;
 verbos estáticos (não há uma ação 
envolvida); referem-se a um estado, 
desejo, posse ou uma opinião;
 verbos que se referem à “existência”: be, 
seem, appear:
He is a German teacher.
Mr. Simpson seems to be a nice guy.
Th l i th iddl f thThey always appear in the middle of the 
class.
Unidade I - Non-action verbs
Verbos que se referem aos “órgãos dos 
sentidos”: sound, smell, taste, look, feel, 
see:
 This news sounds quite weird.
 That spicy food smells good.p y g
 That salad tastes delicious.
 You look beautiful in this dress.
 I feel good hearing this song.
 I see you now.y
Unidade I - Non-action verbs
Verbos que se referem a “desejos” (like, 
want, prefer, love):
 I like this party.
 They want to buy a new car.
 She prefers to buy vegetarian food She prefers to buy vegetarian food 
nowadays.
 She loves to play cards at weekends.
Unidade I - Non-action verbs 
Verbos que se referem à “posse” (have, 
own, possess):
 I have a car.
 She owns a great amount of money in the 
bank.
 The burglars stole all the jewelry Karen 
possessed.
Unidade I - Non-action verbs
Verbos que se referem à “opinião” (think,
believe, consider):
 I think you’re telling me the truth.
 She believes he won’t call her anymore.
 I consider all the possibilities I consider all the possibilities.
Unidade I - Prepositions
 A maioria das preposições é usada de 
formas muito diferentes; apenas algumas 
preposições apresentam uma lógica de 
uso, se consideradas em grupo.
Exemplo -
Place: 
 in, on, at, inside, outside, between, 
among, up, down, above, under, near, far, 
behind, through, across, along, around 
etc. 
Unidade I - Prepositions
Dicas:
 Lembre-se de não tentar traduzir todas as 
preposições ou achar explicação para 
todas elas, principalmente quando 
estiverem colocadas em uma expressão.
Interatividade
1. A: __________ does she study?
A: At home.
a) What.
b) Where.
)c) When.
d) Why.
e) How. 
ATÉ A PRÓXIMA!